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Full text of "Buck history and genealogy, embracing the traditional and comprehensive genealogical history of the Buck family in Europe and America, with relative branches of the Baldwins, Bostwicks, Bushes, Meads, Northups, Paines, Stoddards, Vialls, Willmarths, Walters, Waters, etc. Combined in keeping with a general review of passing events and biographical compendium of world history and advancement to the present time. .."

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Buck  History  and  Genealogy 

Embracing  the  Traditional  and  Comprehensive 

Genealogical  History  of  the  Buck  Family 
in  Europe  and  America 

With  the  relative  branches  (if  the 

Baldwins,  Bostwicks,  Bushes,  Meads,   Northups,  Patties,  Stoddards, 
Vialls,   Willmarths,   Walters,    Waters,    Etc.      Combined  in 
keeping  with  a  general  review   of  passing   events 
and  biographical  compendium  of  world  his- 
tory  and   advancement   to    the 
present   time 

"History  and  genealogy  go  hand  in  hand." 

"History,  with  the  more  and  more  extensive  meaning  acquired  hy  the  advar.cei.i  -nt 
of  civilization,  by  the  diffusion  of  education  and  hy  the  elevation  of  the  standard  of 
human  liberty,  has  expanded  into  a  great,  grand  and  beautiful  science.  It  treats  of 
man  in  all  his  social  relations,  whether  civil,  religious  or  literary,  in  which  he  has 
intercourse  with  his  fellows.  The  study  of  history  to  a  free  government  like  the  one 
in  which  we  live  is  an  indispensable  requisite  to  the  improvement  and  elevation  of  the 
human  race.  It  leads  us  hack  through  the  ages  that  have  succeeded  each  other  in  time 
past,  it  exhibits  the  conditions  of  the  human  race  at  each  respective  period,  and  by 
following  down  its  pages  from  the  vast  empires  and  mighty  cities  now  engulfed  in 
oblivion  by  the  ravages  of  war  and  disaster,  but  which  the  faithful  historian  presents  in 
a  living  light  before  us,  we  are  enabled  profitably  to  compare  and  form  a  more  correct 
appreciation  of  our  own  relative  position  and  maintenance,  peace  and  prosperity. 

It  is  certain  that  the  more  enlightened  and  free  a  people  become  the  more  the 
government  devolves  upon  themselves;  and  hence  the  necessity  of  a  careful  study  of 
history,  which,  by  showing  the  height  to  which  man  as  an  intellectual  being  is  capable 
of  elevating  himself  in  the  scale  of  usefulness  and  moral  worth,  teaches  that  the  virtues 
of  a  good  man  are  held  in  sacred  emulation  by  his  countrymen  for  ages  succeeding, 
long  after  the  cycle  of  time  has  gathered  the  earthly  remains  of  the  actor  to  the  silent 
grave.  Such  thoughts,  or  rather  such  reflections  as  these  inspire  within  the  human 
bosom  an  ardent  desire  to  attain  to  that  which  is  good  and  shun  that  which  is  evil,  an 
honest  and  laudable  ambition  to  become  both  great  and  good;  or  as  another  has  beau- 
tifully written,  'Great  only  as  we  are  good.'  " 

.liisini   (Jay)   (Imilil  (iii  "Opening"  chap,  in  Hist,  of  Del.  f'o..  N.  Y.,  1855). 


Forewords 


"Pacta  parentum 
Jam  legere  et  queae  sit  poteris  cognoscere  virtus." 

Virgil's  Eclogues,  book  4,  lines  26,  27. 
(Already  old  enough  to  study  the  deeds  of  his  father  and  to  know  what  virtue  is). 

"Enquire  I  pray  thee  of  the  former  age  and  prepare  thyself  to  the  search  of  their 
fathers." — Job.  8th  chap.,  8th  verse. 

"There  is  a  moral  and  philosophical  respect  for  our  ancestors  which  elevates  the 
character  and  improves  the  heart."  Then  shall  we  not  consider  these  things?  "Those 
who  do  not  look  upon  themselves  as  a  link  connecting  the  past  with  the  future,  do  not 
perform  their  duty  to  the  world." — Daniel  ~\\'t'bster. 

"To  many  persons,  family,  origin  and  lineage  are  matters  unworthy  of  consideration ; 
this  is  a  mistake,  I  fully  believe  that  respectability  of  origin  adds  lustre  to  fame,  'that 
the  glory  of  the  children  are  their  fathers.'  'One  generation  passeth  away  and  another 
cometh'  ( Prov.  17:6).  No  reasonable  man  or  woman  should  be  insensible  to  the  value 
of  an  honorable  origin  and  descent,  especially  if  to  the  chance  of  earthly  fame  there  be 
added  the  blessed  memory  of  the  Just." — Henry  Moore.  D.  I). 

"It  is  the  highest  of  earthly  honors  to  be  descended  from  the  great  and  good." 

/;•  n  i.  -lull  nson. 

"Reverence  is  the  master-key  of  knowledge." — Rudyard  Kipling. 
"Quante  est  sapre!"      (How  desirable  is  knowledge). 

"  I  have  considered  the  days  of  old,  the  years  of  ancient  times." — Psalm  77 :5. 
"That  the  generations  to  come  might  know  them,  even  the  children   which   should 
be  born  who  should  arise  and  declare  them  to  their  children." — Psalm    78:6. 

"The  tender  words  and  loving  deeds  which  we  scatter  for  the  hearts  that  are 
nearest  to  us  are  immortal  seed  that  will  spring  up  in  everlasting  beauty,  not  only  in 
our  own  lives,  but  in  the  lives  of  those  born  after  us." — Rev.  Charles  l[.  Spurgeon. 

"A  people  which  takes  no  pride  in  the  noble  achievements  of  remote  ancestors 
will  never  achieve  anything  worthy  to  be  remembered  with  pride  by  remote  descendants." 

— Lord  Macaulay,  Eng.   Hist 


Preface 

In  response  to  numerous  enquiries  and  requests  of  friends  and  relatives  and  to 
gratify  an  inclination  which  has  increased  as  age  advances,  I  have  undertaken  the  task 
of  looking  up  the  history  of  my  ancestors,  and  putting  it  together  in  a  permanent  and 
convenient  form,  not  only  for  my  own  pleasure  and  satisfaction,  but  more  especially  for 
the  interest  and  benefit  of  my  children  and  posterity  as  a  Book  of  Remembrance. 

It  is  here  noteworthy,  at  the  commencement,  to  say,  that  by  the  natural  impulse 
of  the  disclosure  of  a  certain  clue  and  established  connection  to  anciently  high  and 
noble  ancestry  and  through  the  inspiration  of  the  life  of  a  great-grandfather,  Isaac  Buck. 
Sr„  a  pioneer  of  New  England  stock  and  a  Colonial  and  Revolutionary  soldier  and 
patriot,  giving  up  his  entire  life  to  the  cause  and  service  of  his  country,  being  in  the 
first  and  last  battles  of  Quebec,  "the  Gibraltar  of  America,"  the  second  time  to  die,  with 
his  brother  Jonathan,  on  "the  plains  of  Abraham,"  after  the  siege,  where  they  lay  buried 
beneath  the  ramparts.  And  he  and  son  Isaac,  Jr.,  being  with  Ethan  Allen  and  that 
noble  and  famous  band  at  the  capture  of  Ticonderoga  and  my  maternal  grandfather 
Amos  Wilmarth  at  Battle  of  Plattsburgh  and  others  in  Civil  War,  a  record  of  the 
achievements  of  our  people  in  the  making  of  a  commonwealth  and  the  founding  of  a 
nation,  that  justly  entitled  them  to  the  praise  and  remembrance  of  their  generation  and 
the  everlasting  thanks  and  gratitude  of  their  posterity,  that  has  prompted  me  in  this 
work. 

Being  in  Washington,  D.  C,  for  several  months  during  the  winters  of  1907-12,  and 
frequently  visiting  the  reading  rooms  of  the  Continental  (D.  A.  R.),  the  Public  (Car- 
negie), and  National  (Congressional)  libraries  and  thus  availing  myself  of  the  oppor- 
tunity and  privilege  thus  afforded,  to  examine  the  genealogical,  biographical  and  his- 
torical books,  there  so  fully  contained  and  from  which  I  have  mainly,  with  what  I 
already  had  and  knew  of  our  forebears,  compiled  and  arranged  the  following  notes  and 
facts  in  relation  to  our  earliest  history  and  parentage.  And  although  the  present 
generation  may  not  fully  appreciate  the  time  and  labor  bestowed  upon  the  work,  I  am 
confident  in  the  hope,  that  as  a  recompense,  future  generations  will  declare  it  not  to 
have  been  transcribed  in  vain. 

The  tracing  of  one's  ancestry,  although  often  a  very  difficult  and  perplexing  problem 
to  solve  is  nevertheless  an  interesting  one  to  ponder  over,  and  had  not  the  opportunities 
and  facts  presented,  being  engaged  by  many  of  the  family  before  and  vouchsafed  to  me, 
doubtless  I  could  not  have  made  so  respectable  a  showing  for  that  particular  branch  of 
the  now  numerous  family,  who  bear  the  blood  or  name  of  Buck  in  this  country  from 
which  I  am  supposed  to  have  descended.  But  as  such  has  been  my  privilege,  I  will  do 
the  best  I  can  with  the  abundant  and  valuable  material  within  my  reach  in  my  own 
time,  to  make  it  as  clear,  impartial,  authentic  and  comprehensible  as  possible  and  leave 
the  final  completion  a  perpetuation  of  the  work  to  those  who  shall  come  after  me. 
Hoping  they  may  find  still  greater  evidence  for  its  continuance  and  not  discouragement, 
"as  being  born  out  of  due  time,"  or  disappointment  as  "the  tale  of  a  novelist  out  of 
season,"  as  was  John  Burroughs,  the  great  bird  enthusiast  and  writer  in  his  untimely 
search  all  over  England,  to  catch  the  melodious  notes  of  the  Nightingale,  a  bird  justly 
celebrated  there  above  all  others,  at  certain  seasons  for  its  admirable  vocal  powers  and 
well  known  as  the  finest  of  songsters  and  being  just  heard  or  seen  in  the  next  shire  or 
borough,  in  the  last  of  her  summer  evening  roundelays  and  he  always  arriving  too  late 
for  the  wonderful  song  which  he  so  wished  to  describe.  ( Burrough's  Signs  and  Seasons, 
1886).  And  so  we  have  searched  not  over  all  England  but  the  continent  of  Europe  and 
America  as  well  in  quest  of  "the  golden  links  that  weld  the  chain,"  that  holds  us 
together  in  one  great  family,  as  we  are  told  that  it  is,  "Clarum  et  venerable  nomen," 
(An  illustrious  and  venerable  name  I,  won  by  noble  deeds  and  endeared  to  those  of  the 
family  who  would  bear  the  virtues  and  inherit  the  honors  of  their  ancestors. 

For  in  the  passing,  instead  of  the  fathers  shall  be  the  children,  and  in  being  assured, 
that  there  is  nothing  more  worthy  of  a  man's  study  than  the  history  of  his  country  and 
the  origin  of  his  race. 

The  welfare  of  our  country  and  of  our  children  should  be  the  first  and  greatest  ob- 
ject of  our  concern  and  for  their  sake,  let  honor  be  rendered  to  their  God  given  heroes  and 
defenders. 

"Scion  of  a  mighty  stock!     Hands  of  iron — Hearts  of  Oak — 
Follow   with   unflinching   tread,    where   the   noble   fathers   led." 

— Edward  Everett 


Dedicatory 


I  would  dedicate  this  work  to  those  who  have  lived  and  labored  in  the  field  before 
me.  The  steadfast  faith  of  the  fathers,  their  piety  and  devotion  to  principle,  their 
strong  and  purposeful  lives  all  seem  to  pass  before  me.  Wisely  and  well  they  builded. 
well  done  and  well  worthy  the  doing.  Will  those  of  a  hundred  years  hence  say  as  much 
of  us?     Shall  we  have  done  as  much  for  the  enjoyment  and  profit  of  others! 

So  the  generations  come  and  go,  and  the  forms  we  loved  so  well  lay  crumbling  in 
the  dust.  "No  one  liveth  unto  himself  alone,  but  unto  those  who  shall  come  after  us." 
"Et  nati  natorum  et  qui  nascentur  ab  illis"  (the  children's  children  and  their 
descendants). 

"That  I  shall  pass  through  this  world  but  once,  any  good  thing  therefore  that  I  can 
do,  or  any  kindness  that  I  can  show  to  any  human  being,  let  me  do  it  now.  Let  me 
not  defer  it,  or  neglect  it,  for  I  shall  not  pass  this  way  again." 

"If  I  can  let  into  some  soul  a  little  light 
If  I  some  pathway  dark  and  drear,  can  render  bright. 
If  I  to  one  in  gloom,  can  show  the  sunny  side, 
Though  no  reward  I  win,  I  shall  be  satisfied." 

Soon  we  shall  be  silent  in  the  grave,  dumb  and  indifferent  to  the  enquiries  and 
entreaties  of  the  friends  we  loved  and  cherished.  All  our  untold  tales  and  undivulged 
secrets,  alike  with  our  joys  and  sorrows,  virtues  and  vices,  follies  and  defects,  enshrouded 
perchance  with  the  mantle  of  charity  will  fade  away.  Whatsoever  wisdom,  or  knowledge 
or  understanding  we  may  have  had  will  be  buried  with  us  and  in  a  few  years  will  pass 
into  oblivion. 

Not  so  with  good  deeds  of  great  lives  and  noble  achievements  left  behind.  They 
are  imperishable  monuments  to  guide  and  influence  the  lives  of  others.     Therefore — 

"Press  on!  for  in  the  grave  there  is  no  work  and  no  device."  "Press  on!  while  yet 
ye  may." — N.  P.  Willis. 

So  go  forth  little  volume  as  a  fair  Memory  Book  bearing  the  recitals  of  the  past, 
a  becoming  tribute  of  a  kindly  heritage  to  those  we  hold  near  and  dear.  "Round  these 
entwined  with  tendrils  strong  as  flesh  and  blood."     "Aere  pirennius"  (enduring  forever). 

A  hundred  years  may  sweep  on  destroying  and  wreck  the  habitations  and  abodes  of 
man,  but  thou  art  still  in  spite  of  death  a  living  record,  holding  us  in  the  spirit  of 
grateful  remembrance  for  all  time,  as,  "Verba,  volent,  scripta,  manent"  (words  are 
Meeting,  but  what  is  written  remains  I. 

"There  is  no  heroic  poem  in  the  world,  but  is  at  the  bottom  the  life  of  man." 

—Sir  Walter  Scott. 


Introduction 

In  the  preparation  of  this  volume  no  authority  of  importance  has  been  overlooked. 
I  have  carefully  searched  every  source  of  information  open  to  me  and  have  availed 
myself  of  every  fact  that  could  throw  new  light  upon  or  impart  additional  interest  to 
the  subject  under  consideration,  viz.:  The  rise,  progress  and  history  of  the  Bucks,  from 
their  earliest  ancestral  relations  down  to  the  present  time. 

Prom  various  sources  several  writers  have  gleaned  a  great  mass  of  information 
relative  to  the  Bucks  of  England,  the  use  of  which,  it  is  to  be  regretted,  space  will  not 
admit.  Of  the  kindred  or  cognate  branches,  those  items  only  being  embraced  which 
tend  to  establish  a  general  line  of  posterity  in  a  common  progenitor  down  through  the 
centuries.  For  as  it  is  almost  impossible  to  trace  a  direct  line  of  the  lineal  descendants 
in  many  instances,  even  in  our  own  country,  from  meagre  and  conflicting  records  or 
intervals  of  no  record  at  all,  how  much  more  difficult  must  it  be  in  the  mother  country, 
where  all  is  conjecture  and  doubt  in  so  great  a  measure.  We  are  therefore  compelled  to 
abandon  an  object,  the  attainment  of  which  the  tracing  of  the  lateral  branches,  would 
also  have  been  of  great  interest  to  both  the  agnates  and  cognates  of  the  collateral  line 
of  the  enquiring  members  of  the  family  outside  tl.e  common  progenitor. 

Genealogists  have  been  to  great  expense  in  iravel  and  research  and  experienced 
great  difficulty  in  obtaining  lineages  from  defective  sources  and  unwilling  informants 
particularly  in  England,  supposedly  fearing  its  effect  in  inheritance  claims  or  otherwise 
upon  estates.  Also  from  defaced  tombstones,  obliterated  family,  town  and  court  records, 
disfigured  manuscripts  and  leafless  volumes,  the  destruction  of  time,  fire  and  water  and  in 
the  earlier  periods  of  our  own  country  from  little  or  no  family  records  being  kept,  or  from 
the  frequent  incursions  of  the  Indians,  or  the  hostile  invasion  of  armies  and  hasty 
removals  in  the  wilderness,  so  it  is  not  strange  that  there  should  be  conflicting  narra- 
tions, traditions,  accounts,  dates  and  names  of  which  it  is  hard  to  reconcile  and  probably 
never  will  be  made  to  appear  perfectly  plain  and  clear.  So  each  narrator  or  historian 
has  a  version  of  his  own,  but  after  following  up  a  certain  line  or  tracing  down  a  certain 
source,  on  the  whole  nevertheless  there  is  found  mostly  mutual  agreement  and  the 
antiquarians  of  both  Europe  and  America  generally  coincide  inasmuch  from  whose 
hearthfires  the  children  scatter  and  wander,  founding  homes  throughout  the  whole  wide 
world. 

We  believe  we  have  consulted  the  best  interests  of  the  family  by  making  free  use 
not  only  of  the  facts  presented  by  the  standard  historians  and  biographers,  but  also  of 
the  opinion  of  those  who  are  accepted  authorities.  We  have  therefore  gone  directly  to 
the  original  tree  bearing  the  name,  carefully  followed  out  the  lateral  branches  to  the 
various  heads  of  families  where  other  lines  diverge,  to  our  own  family  tree  and  thus 
made  it  useful  for  others  of  the  family  who  care  for  "a  high  history,"  to  see  and  know 
where  they  come  in  or  hitch  on  at  is  were,  the  fruitage  having  been  carried  and  name 
thus  extended  far  and  wide.  As  of  late  it  has  become  not  only  popular  but  also  desirable 
to  be  able  to  exult  in  one's  ancestry,  have  a  genealogy  of  our  own,  or  fortunately  a 
Colonial  Dame  or  a  Son  or  Daughter  of  the  American  Revolution. 

Perhaps  you  may  think  the  prologue  overlong  for  the  play,  or  the  prelude  far- 
fetched or  foreign  to  the  subject,  but  in  the  way  of  apology  I  would  say:  My  motive  in 
order  to  obtain  a  clear  and  graphic  conception  in  the  method  of  delineation  and  in 
unity  of  design,  in  its  portrayal,  that  first  of  all  the  foundation  must  be  laid,  before 
the  interplay  or  playlet  is  produced. 

Even  now  in  its  development,  we  behold  the  constant  passing  of  events,  and  time 
already  fleeting;  the  scene  has  changed  and  I  see  as  in  moving  pictures,  notably  of  "the 
Pall  of  Troy,"  and  "the  Voyage  of  Aeneas,"  to  "the  Building  of  Rome,"  the  terra-firma 
or  foundation  of  our  history  and  as  the  scenes  shift  so  rapidly  from  one  view  to  another, 
that  this  ancestral  tree  has  grown  as  it  were,  into  "a  river  of  life,"  at  times  turbulent 
and  majestic,  at  others  serene  and  placid,  upon  which  the  "voyage  of  life"  is  undertaken 
and  the  issues  of  life  enacted.  And  such  is  the  succession  of  human  life  I  foresee  in 
the  passing,  as  they  come  and  go,  that  if  you  did  not  find  the  course  of  events  to 
harmonize,  you  would  fail  to  understand  and  be  interested  in  the  legends  and  romances 
of  the  interludes  and  the  noble  characters  that  appear  at  times,  which  we  are  pleased 
to  introduce  in  its  embodiment  or  be  attracted  by  the  finale,  however  fascinating,  to  the 


grand   and   heroic  sequel  of  the  entertainment,   for  they   all   play   an   important   part    in 
the  great  drama  of  life. 

As  Shakespeare  truly  says,  "All  the  world's  a  stage  and  all  the  people  players,  both 
great  and  small.  For  there  is  a  tide  in  the  affairs  of  men,  which  taken  at  the  flood, 
leads  on  to  glorious  fortune.  But  thou  must  take  the  current  when  it  serves,  or  lose 
thy  ventures."  So  throughout  the  whole  I  have  endeavored  to  explain  and  make  clear 
and  plain  the  train  of  circumstances  and  passages  as  they  occur  rather  than  in 
broad  and  general  terms  jump  to  logical  conclusions  for  I  am  aware  that  an  assertion 
or  statement  without  the  proof  is  a  sorry  and  barren  defence  lacking  support.  It  being 
my  purpose  to  make  it  a  faithful  historical  research  and  authentic  genealogical  epitome 
that  I  trust  may  appeal  to  your  favorable  recognition  as  at  least  worthy  and  commendable 
and  not  entirely  destitute  of  some  little  literary  merit  in  its  store  of  surprises,  redundant 
of  retold  annals. 

Hoping  that  it  may  assist  your  journey  through  life  to  know  how  others  have  picked 
out  and  traveled  in  the  path  before  you,  making  it  the  smoother  that  you  might  follow 
where  they  led  and  that  you  in  turn  may  pass  it  on  to  those  who  shall  come  after  you  as 
it  were,  a  legacy  from  the  dear  departed  long  passed  over  to  the  great  majority,  whose 
eventful  lives  seek  only  to  enrich  and  exalt  the  world  in  which  they  lived.  The  com- 
piling of  which  has  given  me  the  utmost  satisfaction  and  often  thrilled  me  with  aston- 
ishing and  delightful  revelations  which  I  think  cannot  fail  to  awaken  in  others  at 
least  a  sense  of  gratitude.  All  of  which  I  tell  you  of  the  family,  for  which  it  is  intended, 
that  you  may  have  a  semblance  of  what  to  expect  in  submitting  the  work  now  claiming 
your  indulgence,  trusting  that  it  will  meet  and  deserve  a  kindly  acceptance. 

From  a  wide  field  these  facts  have  been  gathered.  However  startling  may  be  the 
events,  you  may  rest  assured,  that  the  record  is  borne  out  by  history.  I  have  aimed 
at  correctness  and  only  claim  the  same  indulgence  granted  to  those  who  have  labored 
in  the  field  before  me. 

I  have  striven  to  select  from  the  mass  of  historical  research,  only  such  facts  as 
bore  out  by  testimony  or  gave  shape  and  character  to  the  main  subject,  in  question, 
although  some  conspicuous  detached  episode  or  striking  and  significant  occurrence  in 
the  history  of  kindred  families,  bearing  on  the  history  of  our  own  have  been  purposely 
incorporated. 

In  conclusion,  it  must  be  borne  in  mind  that  in  the  earlier  periods  and  settlement 
of  this  country  in  particular,  and  it  will  apply  in  a  great  measure  to  that  of  England 
after  the  conquest  by  William  the  Conqueror  and  also  to  Flanders  in  its  earliest  occu- 
pancy, that  we  are  unable  to  get  as  positive  and  satisfactory  accounts  of  persons, 
places,  names  and  dates  as  we  would  like,  from  the  isolated  and  detached  hamlets  and 
secluded  dwelling  places  of  humanity  at  that  time.  Being  sparsely  inhabited,  the  bound- 
aries of  towns  and  counties  and  even  nations  often  unknown  or  unmarked,  changeable 
from  transfers  or  wars  and  concessions  and  seldom  penetrated  except  on  horseback,  or 
by  ox-cart  of  the  pioneer,  squatter,  suzerain  or  ranger.  Much  is  circumstantial  or 
fragmentary  and  perhaps  a  little  exaggerated  but  not  necessarily  defective,  I  am  glad 
to  say,  although  names  of  places  are  often  changed  by  the  new  proprietors,  never- 
theless in  the  making  up,  the  narrative  is  founded  on  facts  and  comprises  what  is  known 
and  termed,  in  the  weaving  of  the  fabric,  as  "the  warp  and  woof  of  all  history,"  and 
was  carefully  sought  and  prized  in  this  connection  as  the  pith  and  romance  of  this  our 
actual  life  history  of  the  Bucks,  as  revealed  by  the  gens,  name  and  environment  in  detail. 

Some  repetitions  of  facts  and  occurrences  will  be  found  in  pursuing  the  work  on 
account  of  their  having  been  collected  at  different  times  from  various  sources  and 
authors,  for  which  the  reader's  indulgence  is  asked  and  also  for  all  digressions  from 
the  context  or  subject-matter,  as  the  Buck  family  tree  has  many  branches  and  its  roots 
spread  deep  and  wide  through  many  countries  and  centuries,  although  carefully  gathered 
and  arranged — "secundum  ordinem" — (in  order). 

S.ui'r,  Buck. 

Crown  Point,  N.  Y.,  June,  1916. 

"Knowledge  of  kindred  and  the  genealogies  of  the  ancient  families  deserveth  the 
highest  praise.  Herein  consisteth  a  part  of  the  knowledge  of  man's  own  self.  It  is  a 
great  spur  to  virtue  to  look  back  on  the  worth  of  our  line." — Lord  Bacon. 


History    Defined.     Euhemerism.     Ancient    History.     References.     Bibliography. 

A  narrative  of  events  and  of  the  lives  and  acts  of  men,  of  families,  of  tribes  and  of 
nations.  History  first  took  the  form  of  tradition  and  was  handed  down  orally  from 
generation  to  generation,  afterwards  by  hieroglyphics,  inscriptions,  letters,  writings 
and  manuscripts,  much  of  which  is  obscure,  semi-mythical  and  difficult  of  interpretation. 
All  history  is  fragmentary  and  colored,  reflected  or  biased,  more  or  less,  by  the  age, 
church  or  'nation  to  which  it  pertains  or  relates.  The  historic  sense,  the  capacity  vividly 
to  conceive  and  represent  the  unity  of  a  past  era  or  age.  "And  so  we  glean  up  the 
scattered  ashes  into  History's  golden  urn." — James  Russell  Lowell. 

Euhemerus,  Greek  mythologist  and  philosopher,  a  native  of  Messene  and  a  con- 
temporary of  Cassandria  of  Macedonia  in  the  4th  century  B.  C.  In  the  course  of  a 
voyage  to  the  Indian  sea  be  professed  to  have  discovered  an  Island  called  Pauchia  in 
which  he  found  inscriptions  representing  the  principal  gods  of  Greece  as  mere  earth 
born  kings  and  heroes  deified  after  death,  for  their  superior  strength  or  wisdom.  His 
book,  "Hiera  Anagraphs,"  as  well  as  later  translations  is  lost,  and  only  a  few  fragments 
have  come  down  to  us.  Its  main  theory,  however,  was  adopted  by  many  eminent  men, 
including  Polybus,  as  well  as  some  christian  writers,  by  Minericus,  Lactanlus,  Felix  and 
St.  Augustine,  in  which  they  found  the  way  already  paved  for  them  in  their  efforts  to 
strip  the  pagan  gods  of  the  attributes  of  diety.  Later  Greek  writers  carried  the  theory 
still  further,  eliminating  everything  supernatural  and  leaving  only  a  string  Of  tales 
perfectly  credible  and  commonplace.  Euhemerism  was  a  favorite  theory  of  the  philo- 
sophical historians  of  Prance  in  the  18th  century  and  the  translation  of  Abbe 
Banier's  work,  "The  Mythology  and  Fables  of  Antiquity  explained  from  History,"  ex- 
tended it  to  England.  To  this  school  also  belong  writers,  such  as  Vossius,  Bochart  and 
Huet,  who  find  traces  of  sacred  as  well  as  profane  history  in  Greek  Mythology. 

The  latest  and  ablest  exponent  of  sacred  euhemerism  is  Max  Muller,  in  his  "Science 
of  Mythology."  Herbert  Spencer,  in  his  "Principles  of  Sociology,"  and  the  eminent  states- 
man, the  Right  Hon.  W.  E.  Gladstone,  in  his  "Homeric  Studies,"  along  the  same  line 
as  explained  in  its  theory  and  use,  in  the  origin  and  rise  of  races  and  the  primitive 
religion  of  man. 

The  Doctrine  of  Euhemerism  is  that  view  of  Mythology  which  holds  that  gods  were 
originally  mere  men,  and  that  all  the  tales  about  them  were  nothing  more  than  human 
facts  heightened  and  amplified  by  the  imagination. 

In  the  earliest  Greek  legends  Hercules,  the  son  of  Zeus  (Jupiter*  and  Alcmena  of 
Thebes,  in  Boetia.  is  a  purely  human  hero,  a  conqueror  of  men  and  cities.  It  is  also 
curious  to  observe  as  thus  related  when  Theseus  was  King  of  Athens,  as  Palamon  and 
Arcite  fought  in  the  Arena  for  the  band  of  his  daughter  Aradnae  (or  Emily),  where 
Venus,  Mars  and  Diana  were  enthroned,  each  making  ovation,  invoking  the  divinities 
and  imploring  aid  of  the  spirit  or  presence  of  the  goddesses  for  the  victory,  and  later 
in  the  Trojan  war,  Achilles  called  Thetis  and  Vulcan  to  his  aid,  and  Apollo  and  Athenae 
appeared  to  encourage  and  take  the  part  of  Hector  and  then  fled  or  disappeared  leaving 
him  alone  in  the  battle  and  their  strength  and  virtue  naturally  came  as  a  reliance  or 
belief  in  their  favorite  gods,  Olympic.  Jupiter  and  Hercules,  strengthened  them. 

References  quoted  or  consulted  in  the  preparation  of  this  work: 
Encyclopedia  Britannica,  9th  Ed.,  24  Vols.   (Adopted). 
International.  American  and  other  Encyclopedias. 

Library  of  Universal  Knowledge,  London  Ed.     A  reprint  of  Chambers  of  1880. 
Nelson's  Perpetual  loose  leaf  Encyclopaedia,  founded  in  Edinburgh  in   1.798,  established 

in  New  York  in  1854. 
Histoire  de  Flanders,  6  Vols.,  Brussels,  1S47-51. 
English  Biographies,  by  Thompson  Cooper,  2  Vols.,  London,  1802. 
(Dunty  Genealogies,  by  Wm.  Barry.  Kent  Co.,  pages  93,  99-100,  London,  1830. 
Genealogical  Index,  English  and  American. 
The  Genealogist,  3d  Vol..  page  238.     New  Series.  17th  Vol..  page  180.     Notes  and  Queries, 

1st  Series,  2d  Vol.,  pages  38,  73. 
Hayden's  Book  of  Dignities,  by  Joseph  Hayden,  London,  1890,  page  733. 
Wo'tton's   English   Baronetcies,   3d   Vol.,   page   205,   London.     "Harlein   Society."   Vol.    21. 

pages  211-12. 
Visitation  of  Seats  and  Arms,  by  Sir  Barnarde  Burke.  2d  Series,  Vol.  1,  page  17,  London. 
Extinct  Baronetcies,  by  John  B.  Burke,  pages  91-2,  London,  1844. 
Landed  Gentry,  by  John  B.  Burke  of  Denholme,  pages  3  to  6.— of  Argecroft  Hall,  page  2, 

and  of  Moreton.  pages  2  and  3. 
The  Visitations  of  Cambridgeshire,  bv  Sir  Thos.  Phillips  in  1534,  Henry  St.   George  in 

1575  and  Sir  Thos.  Phillipson  in  1619. 

9 


References.     Bibliography. 

Visitation  of  Gloucestershire,  by  Henry  Chitty,   1569.   and   John   Phillpot,   1623.     Middle 

Hill,  1854.  fol.  pages  3  and  4. 
Visitation  of  Gloucester,  by  T.  F.  Penwick  and  W.  C.  Metcalfe,  1682-3,  page  31. 
The  Visitations  of  Devonshire,  by  J.  L.  Vivian,  page  723,  London,  1890. 
Visitation  of  Yorkshire,  by  Sir  Wm.  Dugdale,  1665.     Surtee's  Society,  Vol.  36,  pages  69-70. 
Historv  of  Essex  Co.,  Eng.,  by  Phillip  Morant,  M.  A..  Vol.  2.  pages  563  and  618-22,  London. 

1848. 
History  of  Hertford  Co.,  by  Robert  Clatterbuck,  P.  S.  A.,  of  Watford.     Vol.  1.  page  251 

and  Vol.  3.  page  370. — of  Sir  Chas.  Buck,  Vol.  34.  pages  251  and  362. 
History  of  Worcestershire,  by  T.  R.  Nash,  D.  D.,  Vol.  2.  page  19.  London,  1873. 
Historv  of  Durham  Co.,  Eng..  bv  Robert  Surtees.  Esq.,  F.  S.  A..  Vol.  3,  page  269,  London, 

1828. 
"The  Denary  of  Doncaster,"  South  Yorkshire,  by  Rev.  Joseph  Hunter.  F.  S.  A.,  2d  Vol., 

page  178.  London.  1831. 
"History  and  Antiquities  of  Filey,"  by  John  Cole  of  Scarborough,  Svo..  1828. 
History  of  Richard  the  3d.  by  Sir  George  Buck,  London,  1647,  fol..  68  pages. 
Memoirs  and  life  of  Sir  Chas.  Bucke.  by  Sir  John  Stiles  of  London. 
Hotten's  English   Emigrants   from   London   to   New   England.   1600   to   1700,   by  John   C. 

Hotten.     London  Edition.  1874.  page  65. 
Whitman's    Handbook    of   American    Genealogy    contains    much    information    relative    to 

the  pedigrees  of  English   families   whose  descendants   have   settled   in   America.     It 

reached  its  3d  edition  in  1875. 
American    Ancestry,    by    Frank    Munsell,    Albany.    1888.     Embracing    lineages    from    the 

whole   of    the    United    States,    giving    the   name    and    descent    in    the    male    line    of 

Americans  whose  ancestors  settled  in  United  States  previous  to  the  Declaration  of 

Independence,  1776.     3d  Vol.,  pages  93  and  144. 
Mitchell's  Ancient  Geography,  Classical  and  Sacred,  with  Atlas,  Designed  as  a  Text  Book 

for  Academies,  Schools  and  Families,  bv  S.  Augustus  Mitchell.     Pub.  by  E.  H.  Butler 

&  Co.,  Philadelphia,  1871. 
Myers'  Ancient  Historv.     Revised  Edition.     B.  V.  N.  Myers,  1904.     Ginn  &  Co.,  New  York. 

Text-book. 
Record's  Roman  History,  by  F   W.  Record.  Author.     A.  S.  Barnes  &  Co..  New  York,  1858. 

For  the  use  of  schools.     In   3  parts.     The  Kings,  the  Republic,  and  the  Empire  of 

Rome. 
The  Historian's  History  of  the  World.     25  Vols.     The  Hist.  Ass'n  of  London,  1904.     Vol. 

3.     Greece   to   the   Peloponnesian   War.   Chap.    2d   the   Mycenian   Age    1600-1000,   and 

Chap.  3d  the  Heroic  Age  1400-1200  B.  C. 
"The  Iliad  and  Odyssey  of  Homer,"  translated  by  Alexander  Pope    (by  7  years'  work). 

with  Notes  and  Introduction  by  the  Rev.  Theodore  Alois  Buckley,  M.  A.,  F.   S.  A., 

and    John    Flaxmans    (Eng.    Sculptor).    Classical    Designs,    1827.     Pub.    by    John    B. 

Alden.  New  York,  18S3,  from  London  Ed. 
Origin,  History  and  Genealogy  of  the  Buck  Family,  by  Cornelius  Buck  Harvey  of  Closter. 

N.  J.     Printed  and  published  by  J.  J.  Griffiths.  Jersey  City,  in  1889.  8vo,  273  pages. 

Object  a  complete  tracing  of  every  lineal  descendant  of  James  Buck  and   Elizabeth 

Sherman  his  wife  of  New  Milford.  Ct.,   1780.     Descendants  of   Emanuel   and   Henry 

Buck  of  Weathersfield.  Ct..  1647. 
"Buck  Family."     Genealogy  of  the  Samuel  Buck  family  of  Portland.  Conn.,  to  the  year 

1894.  and  their  probable  descent  from  Emanuel  Buck,  early  of  Weathersfield,  Conn 

By  Horace  B.  Buck,  Worcester,  Mass..  press  of  Oliver  B.  Wood,  1894,  12mo.,  54  pages. 
"Buck   Family."     Account   of  the   Buck    family   of   Bucks   Co.,   Penn..   and    "Centennial" 

of  the   family,   held  at   Bucksville,  Pa..   June   11th.   1892.     Edited   by  Wm.   J.   Buck. 

Published  in  Philadelphia.  1893,  142  pages. 
"Buck   Family."     "Manuscript."     A   Sketch   of  the   Buck   Family   of   Conn,   and   of  their 

descendants,  from  Hinman's  lives  of  the  Puritans  and  other  sources.  By  James  Smith 

Buck,  M.  D.,  of  Milwaukee,  Wis.,  1879,  54  pages.     In  National  Library. 
The  History  of  Ancient  Weathersfield,  Conn.,  by  Henry  R.   Stiles,  A.  M.  and  M.   D..   in 

2  Vols.,  1904.     Pub.  by  the  Grafton  Press  in  New  York. 
The  Bucks  of  Weathersfield,  Ct..  by  Albert  Henry  Buck,  M.  D..  and  Author,  of  Garden 

City,  Long  Island,  N.  Y.     Pub.  by  the  Crowell  Pub.  Co.,  Philadelphia.  Pa.,  1909.  for 

private  circulation. 
History  of  Bucks  Co..  Pa.,  by  Wm.  H.  Davis,  A.  M.,  Philadelphia,  1876.  page  542 
The  Bucks  of  Susquehanna   Co.,  Pa.,  bv   Emily  C.   Blackman,   Philadelphia,   1873,  pages 

58.  60. 

10 


Acknowledgments.     Contents,     Origin  <if  the  Name. 

History  of  New  Milford   and   Bridgewater,   Ct,  by   Sam'l   Orcutt,   from    1703-1882,  pages 

671-3.     (Pub.  by  Lock  wood  &  Brainard.  Hartford,  Ct.). 
Sewall's  History  of  Woburn.  Mass..  page  503. 
Paige's  History  of  Cambridge,  Mass..  503-4. 
Hinman's  Earliest  Puritan  and  Conn.  Settlers  of  New  England,  3  635  to  1665.     First  Ed„ 

page  118. 
New  England  Historical  Register.  Vol.  15,  page  297.     Vol.  36,  page  69. 
Mitchell's  History  of  Bridgewater  and  Plymouth  Co.,  Mass.,  1840,  page  125. 
Caverly's  History  of  Pittsford,  Vt,  by  A.  M.  Caverly.  M.  D.,   1872.  page  35  and  Appen- 
dix 714. 
History  of  Woodstock.  Paris  and  Norway.  Maine,  by  Wm.  B.  Lapham,  from  1786  to  1886. 
Timlow's  History  of  Southington,  Ct..  pages  34-38. 
Deane's  History  of  Scituate,  Mass.,  page  229. 
Savage's  General  Dictionary,  Vol.  1,  page  283-4. 
Recent    publications,    Lewis    Historical    Publishing    Co.,    New    York.     Cuyler    Reynolds, 

Wm.  R.  Cutter.  A.  M.,  Histn.  N.  E.  Hist,  and  Gen.  Doc,  and  others,  Compilers,  1903 

to  1914. 
"New  England  Families,  Genealogical  and  Memorial,"  4  Vols.,  compiled  by  Wm.  Richard 

Cutter,  A.  M.,  1913.     Bucks,  pages  229-30,  and  1691-2,  with  picture  of  0.  J.  Buck  of 

Maine. 
"Genealogical   and   Personal    Memoirs   of   Massachusetts,"    4   Vols..   Bucks,   pages   2743-5. 

Boston  and  Eastern  Mass.,  4  Vols.;   Worcester  and  Middlesex  Cos.,  3  Vols.;   Bucks. 

pages  898-9  and  picture  of  Wm.  Clark  Buck. 
"Genealogical  and  Family  History  of  Connecticut,"  4  Vols.;   Bucks,  pages  691-2. 
"Genealogical  and  Family  History  of  New  Hampshire."   4  Vols.;   Bucks,  pages  073  and 

1806  to  S,  picture  of  Wm.  E.  Buck. 
"Genealogical  and  Family  History  of  Maine,"  4  Vols.,  compiled  by  Wm.  R.  Cutter,  A.  M., 

1909. 
"Genealogical  and  Family  History  of  Vermont."  2  Vols.,  compiled  by  Hon.  Hm.  Carleton 

of  Montpelier,  1903;   Bucks,  465  and  628-9. 
"Genealogical  History  of  Northern  New  York  and  Lake  Champlain  Valley,"  compiled  by 

Wm.  R.  Cutter,  A.  M.;   Bucks,  1107-9,   3  Vols..  1247,  pages  1910,  picture  of  Leffert 

Lefferts  Buck  of  Canton.  N.  Y. 
"Genealogical  History  of  Southern  New  York  and  Hudson  River  Valley,"  3  Vols.,  pages 

200  and  605,  Buck  314,  and  compiled  by  Cuyler  Reynolds.  1911. 
"Genealogical  History  of  Western  New  York."  3  Vols.,  Bucks  509-13  and  1419-20,  Barnes 

515,  compiled  by  Wm.  R.  Cutter.  A.  M.,  1912. 
"Genealogical  History  of  Central  New  York,"  3  Vols.,  Bucks  509-13  and  1419-20.  Barnes  515 

(the  same). 
"Genealogical  History  of  New  Jersey,"  4  Vols. 
"Genealogical  History  of  Pennsylvania,  Northern,"  3  Vols.,  compiled  by  John  W.  Jordan, 

1913;  Pittsburg,  4  Vols.;  Westmoreland.  3  Vols.;  Delaware  Co.,  3  Vols.;  Bedford  and 

Somerset  Cos.,  3  Vols.;   Fayette  and  Green  Cos.,  3  Vols.;    Erie  Co..  2  Vols.;   Mercer 

Co..   3  Vols.;    Dauphin   Co.,   3  Vols.;    Alleghany  Co..   3   Vols.;    Cambria   Co.,   3   Vols.; 

Bucks,  page  362,  and  Junita  Valley,  3  Vols.;   Bucks,  1128-31.  etc. 

The  Saxons  were  the  first  to  use  surnames  introduced  into  England  by  the  Normans, 
in  the  time  of  the  Conquest  and  no  individual  bore  more  than  one  name  except  the 
nobility  later  on. 

Previous  to  the  Conquest  people  had  but  one  name  and  when,  for  distinction,  another 
was  needed,  they  were  called  from  some  personal  characteristic  or  surrounding  as  Pippin 
the  Short,  Henry  of  Tours,  Chas.  1st  the  Great,  2d  the  Bald,  3d  the  Fat,  4th  the  Fair 
and  5th  the  Wise  of  France,  or  John  of  Gaunt. — of  Leyden. — of  Salisbury, — of  England. — 
of  Austria  and — of  Saxony,  and  so  of  Alfonso  of  Astur,  the  Chaste  (753-842),  of  Leon 
the  Monk  (932).  of  Astur  and  Leon  the  Great  (840-912),  and  of  Castile  the  Brave  (1030- 
1109)  ;  or  as  Ethelwolf,  Ethelred,  Eldred  the  Terrible;  Ethelred  2d  the  Unready.  Baldwin 
the  Bold,  and  Eustice  the  Strong.  Origin  of  the  name,  in  likening  to  some  object  or 
animal,  as  was  the  earliest  custom  known,  the  name  itself  originally  having  a  meaning 
or  signification  in  the  language  of  past  races. 

Of  Buck,  in  German  Boc.  Boch,  Bock  and  Bocke  finally  prefixed  with  Von,  as 
Von  Boch  and  Von  Bock ;   and  so  in  the  French  Buc,  Buce,  Buch  and  Buck,  finally  pre- 


11 


Origin  of  the  Name.     Family  Names.     Surnames. 

fixed  by  the  preposition  le  or  la.  as  Le  Buc  and  La  Buck;  and  in  the  Flemish  as  du  Buc 
and  du  Bucq;  or  the  Norman  de  Buck  of  Buc  or  the  Buck  ot  all,  in  the  semblance  of 
that  animal  the  fallow  Deer  or  Stag  of  Europe,  as  originally  derived  from  the  Latin. 
Being  conferred  upon  Lederick  at  the  time  of  the  first  race  and  reign  of  the  Pranks  for 
his  valor  in  subduing  the  tyrant  of  an  adjoining  hostile  tribe  and  later  on  undoubtedly 
introduced  into  England  through  the  Foresters,  the  Knights  and  Counts  of  Flanders, 
the  le  Bucks  of  France  and  Earls  of  Normandy,  in  the  time  of  the  Conquest  and  their 
settlement  there  in  the  reign  of  Henry  1st  over  England. 

As  time  went  on,  finally  the  Le  was  dropped  and  Sir  ( overgreat,  French)  substituted 
and  which  had  come,  when  appended  to  the  christian  name  and  surname,  to  be  the 
distinctive  mark  of  Knighthood  with  the  name  acquired  by  rank  and  file,  as  we  find 
Sir  John.  Sir  George.  Wm.,  Edric  and  Lawrence  are  descendants  as  well  as  other  noted 
progenitors.  The  right  of  primogeniture  coming  down  from  the  Salic  Franks  remains 
and  still  exists  in  England  for  the  eldest  son  to  inherit  his  father's  position,  title  and 
property  estates. 

About  1050  to  1162  began  the  custom  of  using  surnames  but  it  made  its  way  so 
slowly  that  even  at  the  close  of  the  12th  century  it  had  not  spread  beyond  the  ranks 
of  nobility  and  throughout  the  13th  century  the  old  habit  of  designation  by  the  christian 
name  was  still  prevalent. 

Hence  there  are  many  Bucks  in  England  bearing  the  name  of  Baldwin  (bold  and 
powerful),  Walter  (wood  master  and  warrior),  Robert  (bright  in  fame),  and  Ralph 
(famous  hero).     All  teutonic  names,  among  the  descendants  of  Lyderick  le  Buck. 

Names  and  the  study  of  proper  names  of  persons  and  places  are  not  without  scien- 
tific and  historical  importance,  and  of  especial  interest.  All  known  persons,  places  and 
groups  of  human  beings  must  have  had  names  by  which  they  could  be  spoken  of  and 
by  which  they  were  recognized. 

The  study  of  these  names  and  of  their  survival  in  civilization  enables  us  in  some 
cases  to  ascertain  what  peoples  inhabited  districts  now  tenanted  by  persons  of  far 
different  speech  and  character. 

A  continual  development  of  language  and  custom  can  be  traced,  and  the  analysis 
of  almost  any  man's  family  and  Christian  names,  will  lead  us  back  beyond  history  into 
the  location  and  manners  of  races  devoid  of  literary  records.  Among  the  Greeks,  with 
the  exception  of  a  few  families  at  Athens  and  Sparta,  there  were  no  family  names. 
Among  the  Celtic  and  German  nations  each  person  was  denoted  by  one  word.  This 
was  the  case  also  in  the  early  and  primitive  state  of  society.  Among  the  Saxons  the 
same  primitive  system  prevailed  in  England  to  the  use  of  surnames.  Everywhere  the 
nobility  before  the  commoners  were  the  first  to  receive  names  of  distinction.  Probably 
the  first  change  among  the  latter  as  a  class  of  names  was  by  adding  or  extending  the 
father's  name  to  the  son  as  Johnson.  Jameson  and  Robertson,  with  various  deviations  of 
spelling  as  Wilson  and  Dickson,  from  William  and  Robert,  or  by  the  use  of  prefixes  and 
suffixes,  as  in  the  Celtic  clans  of  the  Scottish  Highlands  and  adjoining  Irish  coast, 
mostly  where  they  first  appear,  Mc  (the  son  of)  or  Mc  or  0'  for  short,  as  MacAuley, 
Mc  or  O'Donald  and  also  of  place,  as  Kenneth  Macalpine,  and  nationality  as  Angus 
MacFergus,  of  Scotland,  and  O'Connell  of  Ireland,  or  Fitz  (son  of,  French)  and  Ap.  (of 
the  Welsh),  as  Fitz  William,  Fitz  Gerald  and  Ap  Hugh  to  De  Pugh.  etc.  Or  by  adoption 
of  generic  name  as  Bush,  Rose,  Buck,  Lamb,  Lion,  etc.,  or  locality  or  place  as  Hill.  Dale. 
Lake,  Pond,  Wood,  Field,  or  Forest,  or  derived  from  occupation  or  trade  as  Farmer. 
Carpenter  and  Joiner,  Weaver,  Cooper,  Carter,  Porter.  Miller.  Smith.  Baker  and  Fisher. 
or  rank  of  office  as  King,  Prince,  Bishop  and  Chaplain,  or  of  peculiar  personal  or 
mental  qualities  as  Good,  Gay.  Wise,  Swift,  Strong,  Long.  Brown,  White  and  Black,  with 
the  suffixes  of  Goodman.  Wiseman.  Buckman.  Whitehead,  Longshank,  Armstrong,  Gold- 
smith, Silverton,  Lightfoot.  Bigland,  Buckley.  Buckham,  and  so  multiplied  indefinitely, 
as  Buckmaster,  Buckbinder,  etc. 

There  are  only  53  given  or  family  names  of  men,  which  can  be  used  without  some 
appearance  of  singularity,  of  these,  there  are  25  of  Hebrew  origin;  19,  derived  from 
dialects  of  western  Europe;  5  from  the  Greek  and  4  from  the  Latin.  Out  of  the  whole 
there  are  12  more  in  use  than  any  others.  These  are  Charles,  Henry,  Edward.  Francis 
or  Joseph,  George.  James,  John,  Richard.  Robert,  Samuel.  Thomas  and  William,  and  so 
we  have  by  combination.  John  Henry,  Henry  George.  John  James.  Joseph  John,  George 
Richards  and  John  Roberts,  etc.,  ad  infinitum,  and  a  host  of  others,  all  eminent  men, 


12 


Surnames.    Language.    Norman  French.     Anglo  Saxon.     Latin.     English  Language. 

until  we  have  almost  exhausted  the  resources  of  modern  English  and  European  names 
which  have  their  significance  or  meaning.  But  on  the  whole  it  is  perhaps  rather  a  matter 
of  curious  interest  and  satisfaction  if  not  of  importance  to  know  that  400  years  ago  it 
was  a  crime  punishable  by  law  in  England  to  have  more  than  one  given  name. 

During  the  Anglo-Norman  period  of  England,  at  court  and  in  the  castles  of  kings 
and  princes  and  the  great  nobles,  where  the  pomp  and  state  of  court  was  emulated  the 
Norman-French  was  the  only  language  used.  In  courts  of  law  the  pleadings  and  judg- 
ments were  delivered  in  the  same  tongue.  In  short,  French  was  the  language  of  honor. 
of  chivalry  and  even  of  justice,  while  the  far  more  manly  and  expressive  Anglo-Saxon 
was  abandoned  to  the  use  of  the  lower  classes:  rustics  and  yeomanry  who  knew  no 
other.  Still,  however,  the  necessary  intercourse  between  the  two  elements,  the  lords 
of  the  soil  and  the  subjugated  peasantry  by  whom  that  soil  was  cultivated,  occasioned 
the  gradual  formation  of  a  dialect  amalgamated  from  the  French  and  the  Anglo-Saxon 
in  which  they  could  render  themselves  mutually  intelligible  to  each  other  and  from  this 
necessity  arose  by  degrees  the  structure  of  our  present  English  language  in  which  the 
speech  of  the  Norman  victors  and  the  vanquished  Saxons  have  been  so  happily  blended 
together,  and  since  has  been  so  richly  improved  by  importations  from  the  classical 
languages  and  from  those  spoken  by  the  southern  nations  of  Europe  in  the  spread  of 
the  English  language  which  has  thus  become  the  richest,  most  veritable,  virile,  copious 
and  powerful  of  all  the  languages  now  to  be  found  among  men. 

The  original  Anglo-Saxon  was  a  polygot  mixture.  At  first  and  for  a  long  period 
old  time  pedants  of  England  depended  on  Latin  and  French,  but  as  the  generations 
passed  English  became  improved  and  polished.  Grammarians  and  lexicographers  and 
others  did  much  for  it  in  various  ways.  The  old  English  of  Chaucer's  and  Shakespeare's 
time  was  a  crude  language  in  comparison  with  English  as  it  is  now  used.  But  this 
fact  does  not  make  the  language  less  English.  We  may  add  as  many  words  to  the  old 
tongue  as  we  wish  but  the  lingual  structure  remains.  And  whether  we  realize  it  or 
not  it  is  well  that  the  millions  of  intelligent  people  inhabiting  British  possessions  and 
the  United  States  speak  and  write  one  language.  By  this  means  racial  and  national 
dividing  lines  in  various  matters  disappear.  The  same  progressive  civilization  is  ex- 
tended over  vast  areas.  Thinkers  of  different  countries,  when  united  by  a  common 
language,  have  a  wider  range  as  teachers  and  leaders.  The  population  of  the  United 
States  is  composed  of  people  from  many  nations  and  classes.  Numerous  racial  and 
linguistic  differences  are  here  assimilated.  New  blood  is  being  constantly  infused  into 
a  new  and  powerful  nation.  And  while  the  language  we  use  here  is  an  adopted  one, 
yet  it  is  ours.  The  men  who  conceived  and  made  this  nation  were  Englishmen  and 
consequently  they  spoke  the  only  language  they  knew  anything  about,  the  language  of 
their  ancestors,  the  English  language,  when  they  came  to  America  and  became  a  separate 
people.  In  brevity  and  terseness  it  excels  all  others.  English  in  a  sense  has  outgrown 
its  old  environments  and  is  expanding  as  a  world  language.  It  is  being  taught  in  the 
schools  of  the  world,  and  some  day  in  the  future  it  will  probably  be  the  language  of 
a  great  republican  confederation  composed  of  different  countries,  all  influenced  by 
similar  ideals  of  civilization  and  enlightenment.  The  great  Dr.  Dollinger,  Ger.  Theolog. 
(1799-1890),  said  of  this  language,  that  "to  it  is  assigned  in  the  coming  age  the  intel- 
lectual supremacy  that  in  ancient  times  belonged  to  the  Greeks  and  afterwards  to  the 
Romans."  And  it  is  now  spoken  and  understood  to  some  extent  in  nearly  all  the 
colonies,  capitals  and  civilized  and  enlightened  nations  of  the  world  to  which  it  has 
spread  and  become  incorporated. 

In  1700.  English  was  the  language  of  9,000,000  people  of  England  and  America,  about 
the  only  English  speaking  people.  Today  it  is  the  language  of  175,000,000,  and  by  the 
end  of  the  century  it  will  be  the  language  of  800,000,000  American  and  European  people 
alone. 

How  a  language  grows!  A  language  like  the  human  beings  who  speak  it  grows  from 
year  to  year.  New  inventions,  new  discoveries  and  new  ideas  demand  new  words  to 
correspond  and  fit  them.  The  English  language  produces  nearly  5.000  every  year.  In 
the  year  1615  a  complete  English  dictionary  was  published.  It  contained  5,018  words, 
and  would  not  be  reckoned  very  complete  today.  Johnson's  dictionary  was  published  in 
1755  and  contained  50,000  words.  The  first  edition  of  Webster's  dictionary  was  issued 
in  1830  and  contained  80,000  words.  But  in  1894.  the  Standard  dictionary  had  grown 
to  318,000  words.     The  next  edition  it  is  said  will  contain  450,000  words.     The  Merriam, 


13 


Coat  of  Arms.     Heraldry.     Emblems  and  .Untitles.     The  Cross  as  a  Symbol. 

Webster's  New  International  dictionary  has  now  a  vocabulary  of  over  400.0(H)  words  and 
the  New  Standard  dictionary  defines  450.000  terms  or  words  of  the  English  language. 

In  the  early  crusades  against  their  enemies  the  Moslems  and  into  Britain,  the 
le  Bucs,  Knights  and  Counts  of  Flanders,  were  awarded  a  banner,  bearing  a  red  ground, 
significant  of  the  shedding  of  blood,  in  which  was  displayed  a  shield  and  sword  or  battle 
axe  and  a  Stag  or  Buck  in  a  rising  or  leaping  position  (rampant  or  standing  on  hind 
feet,  erect,  looking  ahead  and  pawing)  significant  of  the  uprising  of  the  tribe  or  people. 
And  also  the  emblem  of  the  name  bestowed  upon  them  at  the  time  and  which  ever  after- 
ward in  their  invasions  of  the  plantatudes  was  adopted  as  their  emblem,  "nomen  et 
omen"  (a  name  that  is  ominous)  and  coat  of  arms,  in  cloth  of  fir  and  gold  and  bore 
the  armorial  insignia  embroidered  in  10  pieces  of  silver  which  he  ever  wore  after  over 
his  suit  of  mail,  armed  cap-a-pie,  and  carried  into  England,  thus  inaugurating  a  system 
of  heraldic  visitation  and  pedigrees  of  the  16th  century  in  England  according  to  rank 
and  nobility,  in  their  first  reception  and  settlement  there  with  William  the  Conqueror, 
so  that  the  roll  of  arms  of  Edward  2d  blazon  957  coats  of  the  bannerets  of  England  and 
shows  that  the  use  of  arms  had  considerably  increased   (see  Heraldry). 

One  who  will  examine  and  compare  carefully  the  several  coats  of  arms  relating  to 
the  family,  noting  the  existence  of  the  male  deer  or  stag,  or  the  antlers  and  some 
portion  of  that  animal,  on  or  above  the  shield,  and  a  lance,  spear,  cross,  sword  or  battle 
axe  in  the  most  of  them,  must  conclude,  not  only  that  the  name  is  derived  from  the  male 
Fallow  Deer  of  Europe,  but  that  the  Bucks  of  Flanders,  England  and  America  for  that 
matter,  are  descended  from  one  common  ancestry. 

Heraldic  visitations  of  the  rank  and  pedigree  of  families,  hereditary  from  the  oldest 
son,  usually  periodically  have  somewhat  changed  the  form  of  crest  or  emblem  adopted. 
The  name  of  Buck  having  13  coats  of  arms  in  England  alone,  many  bearing  mottoes. 
That  of  our  particular  branch,  as  near  as  we  can  determine  being  the  8th  Buck  Arms 
granted  in  1G52  to  William  Buck  Esq.  of  Yorkshire  and  Carubridgeside,  as  follows,  viz.: 
"Vert  (vert  is  green  or  sinople)  a  bend  betw  two  bucks,  trippant.  erm  crest  a  buck  at 
gazerm  standing  agst  an  olive  tree."  Motto,  "Nosce  Teipsum"  (Known  Thyself).  James 
Buck's  Arms,  were  granted  July  17th.  1045.  Burke's  Enclycopedia  of  Heraldry,  shows 
13  coats  of  arms,  crest  and  3  bucks  attires  in  many.  The  Bucks  of  Gloucestershire,  Wor- 
cestershire, Hampshire  and  London  have  three  bucks  attires  fixed  to  the  scalp,  or  neck, 
countercharged  and  in  others  two,  with  battle  axe,  stars  or  some  other  device,  with 
motto:  "Hardiment  et  belliment."  (Boldly  and  fairly),  and  "Qui  meriut  ferat"  (our 
achievements  are  deserving). — Harvey. 

Though  we  have  instances  in  remote  times  of  nations  and  individuals  distinguish- 
ing themselves  by  particular  emblems  or  ensigns,  nothing  that  can  properly  be  called 
heraldry  or  armoral  bearings  existed  before  the  middle  of  the  12th  century.  But  the 
Anglo-Norman  poet  Wace  or  Walter.  Robert  of  Caen,  the  chronicler,  of  the  Plantagenets 
(a  descendant)  who  flourished  in  the  latter  part  of  the  12th  century  (1112-1180)  mentions 
devices  and  cognizances  as  being  in  use  among  the  Normans  "where  there  are  figures 
of  animals  on  the  shields  of  the  invaders,  while  the  Saxons'  shields  have  only  borders 
or  crosses." 

The  cross  of  Godfrey  of  Bouillon,  eldest  son  of  Count  Eustice  of  Bologne  and  Ida 
sister  of  Godfrey  the  hunchback.  Duke  of  Lower  Lorraine,  whom  he  succeeded  to  the 
duchy  in  1070  and  who  served  with  great  gallantry  in  the  armies  of  Henry  4th  both 
in  Germany  and  Italv  and  particularly  in  the  first  crusade  to  the  Holyland  as  the  de- 
fender of  the  cross  they  had   bestowed  on   him  at  Jerusalem,   which   was  the   crosslett 

+ 
argent,  a  cross  polence  or  potent  between  four  crosses,  thus:  +  +  +  with  the  motto,  "Dieu 

+ 
le  vent"   (God  wills  it)   prefixed. 

Besides  we  have  the  eight  pointed  white  maltese  cross,  an  emblem  of  patience  and 
endurance  adopted  by  the  Knights  of  Malta  and  the  Kings  Daughters  and  the  Swastika, 
the  oldest  cross  and  symbol  in  the  world,  dating  back  to  prehistoric  times,  315  B.  C. 
Also  the  Runic  or  Celtic  cross  of  the  earliest  Teutonic  or  Celtic  nations.  The  Red 
Cross  of  the  army  nurses,  instituted  by  Florence  Nightingale,  the  "Angel  of  the  Crimea," 
1853,  and  the  Victoria  cross  of  1857  of  the  order  of  St.  John  of  Jerusalem  and  Lady  of 


14 


Original  Coat  of  Arms 
on  shield  of  Liderick  le  Buc  of  Flanders. 


Coat  of  Arms 
of  Sir  George  Buck  of  Lincolnshire,  Eng. 


Coat  of  Arms 
of  N.  E.  and  Penn.  Bucks. 


The  Cross  a  Symbol.     Ancient  History.     Liderick  Le  Buck.     Connection  Established. 

Grace,  "for  the  amelioration  of  the  condition  of  wounded  in  the  armies  in  the  field," 
founded  by  Henry  Durant  at  the  battle  of  Solferino,  Italy,  June  24,  1859,  and  ratified 
at  Geneva  in  18G3,  and  by  the  International  Confederation  of  the  Powers,  Aug.  8th,  1S04, 
and  renewed  in  the  Franco-German  War  by  Clara  Barton,  of  the  Red  Cross,  in  1881-S, 
"a  noble  type  of  good  and  heroic  womanhood." 

The  cross  is  the  highest  symbol  of  Christian  art,  and  a  Runic  or  Celtic  cross  is  one 
of  the  most  interesting  forms  of  memorials  to  be  found  in  the  ancient  cemeteries  and 
crossroads  of  Europe. 

The  Egyptian  Ankh.  cruxansata,  or  tau,  emblem  of  life,  a  symbol  usually  found  in 
the  hands  of  the  Gods  and  Kings,  adopted  by  the  early  Christians  in  lieu  of  the  cross, 
resembles  a  child's  picture  or  image  of  a  girl  with  head,  arms  extended  and  pyramidal 
skirt. 

Many  very  beautiful  crosses  exist  in  England  upon  the  points  of  gables  of  churches, 
on  grave-stones  and  in  other  situations,  as  also  in  heraldry  and  memorials  at  Walkam, 
Cheapside  and  Charing  Cross,  as  the  crosslett  and  Norman  crosses  in  time  of  Edward  1st, 
1290. 

"Read   Homer   once   and    you    can    read    no   more; 
For  all  books  else  appear  so  mean,  so  poor. 
Verse  will  seem  prose,  but  still  persist  to  read. 
And  Homer  will   be  all  the  books  you  need." 

— Duke  of  'Buckingham,,  England. 

We  find  a  traditional  connection  is  established  with  the  line  of  des.  of  King  Priam 
ruler  of  Troy  in  Flanders  and  with  the  founder  of  the  family  of  the  Foresters,  as  they 
are  called,  in  a  certain  Liderick  le  Buc,  only  son  of  Saluart,  prince  of  Digon,  and  of 
Madame  Eringarde,  daughter  of  Gerarde,  lord  of  Roussillon.  provinces  in  France,  who, 
says  Lambert,  canon  of  St.  Omer,  "videns  Flandrian  vacuam  et  incultum  ac  nemorosam 
am  occupavit  earn,"  (seeing  Flanders  empty  and  untitled  and  covered  with  groves  he 
seized  it)  and  "What  ere  they  seized  upon  or  conquered,  that  they  held."  Suidas  in  his 
Greek  Lexicon  of  975  A.  D.,  mentions  his  death  in  692,  and  says  Latin  dictum  pub.  in 
Milan,  1490  (spoken  in  Latin)  "Decovi  decus  addit  avito,"  (he  adds  honor  to  ancestral 
honors).  In  support  we  have  in  the  older  chronicles.  "Annals  Blandinienses,"  and 
genealogical  histories  of  early  Flanders,  Nithard,  count  of  Ponthieu,  a  native  of  Styria 
in  Thrace,  Frankish  Historian,  799-859;  the  Flemish  Antiquarian  Gruter,  1560-1627; 
Andre  Duchene,  Pdel'histoire  de  France,"  The  father  of  French  History,  1584-1640; 
Busbeq  Augier  Ghishlen,  Flemish  traveler  and  antiquary.  1522-1592;  and  Jean  Focher, 
Flemish  Monk  and  author,  1501-1592;  and  In  the  love  of  Ancestry,  see  Gregory  of  Tours, 
Early  French  Historian,  538-594;  Titus  Plinius,  40-S1  A.  D.  and  Livy,  51-18  B.  C.  Roman 
Historians.  And  about  1050,  a  monk  named  Bernard  wrote:  "De  Excidio  Trojae,"  (The 
Trojan  fall  and  descent),  followed  and  confirmed  by  Simon  Chine  d'Or,  in  the  12th 
century,  canon  of  the  Abbey  of  St.  Victor  in  Paris,  blending  the  Homeric  and  Virgilian 
records,  but  it  was  in  1100  that  it  took  its  final  literary  form  in  the  "Roman  de  Troie," 
of  Benoit  de  Sainte-More,  the  Anglo-Norman  trouvere,  who  wrote  in  verse  "Chroniques 
des  Dues  de  Normandie,"  composed  about  1184  in  England  at  court  by  favor  of  Henry 
2nd.  A  poem  of  30.000  lines,  dedicated  to  the  French  (1137),  and  English  <lir,4), 
Queen  Elenor  of  Poitiers.  This  is  the  "chief  de  oeuvre,"  of  all.  in  lofty  conception  and 
delineation  and  was  extremely  popular  in  France  and  England  and  was  followed  in 
Italy  by  Guido  delle  Colome,  a  Silecian  writer  between  1270  and  127S,  a  prose  "Historia 
Trojani,"  which  became  immensely  popular,  even  more  so  than  its  predecessors,  which 
is  shown  by  the  large  number  of  existing  mss.  in  all  the  great  libraries  of  Europe. 

In  Germany,  Herbert  von  Fritslar,  wrote  in  French  text  his  "Lied  von  Troye"  early 
in  the  13th  century  and  Konrad  von  Wurtzburg  his  "Buch  von  Troye"  before  1287;  also 
Wolfram  von  Eschenbach  on  same  subject,  and  a  dozen  "Chansons  degeste,"  were 
translated  into  Flemish  by  the  middle  of  the  13th  century,  among  which  that  of  Jacob 
von  Maerlant  was  the  most  illustrious. 

The  first  book  printed  in  the  English  language  was  the  "History  of  Troy."  This 
was  printed  in  Cologne  by  Kreutzer  in  1471.  Latin  was  not  spoken  in  France  after 
the  14th  century.     The  French  growing  out  of  it,   "Gallo-Romanic"   or  Roman   Wallon, 


15 


Trojan  War.     Priam  Ruhr  of  Troy.     Elopement  of  Helen  and  Paris.     Helen  the  Greatest 
Beauty  of  Her  Age.     Uprising  of  the  Greeks  to  Avenge  Menelaus. 

"Langue  d'oil,"  was  the  language  of  the  north  in  Flanders.     Raoul  Leferves  version,  on 
same  press  at  same  time  was  the  first  book  printed  in  French. 

(Note — It  is  now  considered  that  such  Homeric  legends  as  that  of  "Jason  and  the 
Argonauts"  and  that  of  "The  Trojan  War"  are  poetical  versions  of  real  history  celebrat- 
ing early  attempts  of  the  Greeks  to  colonize  on  the  shores  of  the  Propontis  or  Sea  of 
Marmora  and  Islands  of  the  Aegean  Sea  and  the  Black  Sea  and  spreading  south  and 
west  to  Egypt,  Africa  and  Sicily,  planting  a  lonely  outpost  in  "Massilia,"  now  Marseilles 
Dep  of  "Bouches  du  Rhone,"  France  and  on  the  Tiber's  shore  in  Italy  near  Rome  and 
extending  to  "Hercules'  columnae,"  the  Pillars  of  Hercules,  Gibraltar,  Spain  and  later 
from  Gades    (Cadiz)    to  Cornwall.   Wales  and   Britain). 

"O  say  what  heroes  fired  by  thirst  of  fame 
Or  urged  by  wrongs  to  Troy's  destruction  came. 
What  crowded  armies,  from  what  climes  they  bring 
Their  names,  their  numbers  and  their  chiefs  I  sing." — Iliad,  page  70. 

In  the  Greek  the  elopement  of  Helen  and  Paris  brought  on  the  Trojan  war  and 
gave  to  the  world  three  of  its  greatest  epics,  the  Iliad,  the  Odyssey  and  the  Aeneid, 
which  so  graphically  portray  the  great  battles  of  those  semi-mythical  times,  all 
full  of  undying  interest  and  fascination  in  the  light  giving  mind  of  Homer,  on  the 
plain  of  Troy,  that  lends  dignity  and  romance  to  the  events  and  figures  that  have 
escaped  and  outlived  oblivion,  down  through  the  centuries.  In  the  7th  or  6th  century. 
B.  C,  a  dynasty  claiming  descent  from  Aeneas  reigned  in  Troy,  a  strong  walled  city 
of  high  built  towers  and  battlements,  which  had  grown  up  in  Asia  Minor  just  south  of 
the  Hellespont. 

In  the  Homeric  legend  Priam,  ruler  of  Troy,  married  first  Arisbe,  dau.  of  Merops, 
and  afterward  Hecuba,  dau.  of  Dymas  and  Cisseus,  Kings  of  Thrace,  and  with  his  other 
wives,  having  taken  them  from  the  Lycians  and  Phrygians,  his  allies,  and  in  their  wars 
against  the  Amazons  and  other  tribes,  it  is  said,  had  fifty  sons  and  twelve  daughters. 
Among  the  most  noted  of  the  sons  born  of  Hecuba  were  Hector  and  Paris  and  of  the 
daughters  Polyxeana  and  Cassandra.  To  recover  Helen,  the  Spartan  maiden  whom 
Paris,  the  gay  young  prince,  deserting  his  old  love  Aeonone.  to  whom,  as  a  shepherd  boy, 
Briam  had  married  him,  and  having  dealings  with  the  Aceans,  set  sail  for  Lacedaemon 
and  in  visiting  the  Spartan  King  of  Menelaus  and  during  his  stay  being  royally  enter- 
tained (as  was  the  custom  at  that  time)  and  enamored  of  his  wife,  Helen,  dau.  of  Zeus 
and  Leda,  the  wife  of  Tyndarus,  King  of  Sparta,  ungratefully  requited  his  hospitality  in 
his  absence  in  Crete  by  seducing,  by  stealth  and  secretly  carrying  her  off  to  Troy  as  his 
spouse.  She  being  the  greatest  beauty  of  her  age  as  promised  him  by  the  young 
Aphrodite  of  old  Papho  in  Cyprus,  and  Venus  had  foretold  "as  the  fairest  of  women," 
which  he  preferred  to  the  wealth  and  dominion  over  Asia  of  Hera  (June),  dau.  of 
Chronius  and  Rhea,  or  the  military  renown  and  wisdom  of  Athenae  (Minerva),  dau.  of 
Pallas  and  Poesideon,  tendered  him  at  the  marriage  festal  of  Pelius  and  Thetis  in 
Phthia  and  fete  of  the  "golden  apple  of  strife  or  discord"  in  which  they  disrobed  and 
posed  their  graces  (called  the  3  graces)  to  the  judgment  of  Paris  (II.  xiv-294)  and  as 
Greek  models  represented  and  characterized  in  the  statuary  and  paintings  of  antiquity. 

All  the  Heroes  of  Greece  flew  to  arms  to  avenge  the  wrong  and  her  jealous  admirers 
rushed  forth  to  punish  the  insult,  as  she  had  been  wooed  by  a  number  of  suitors  and  ab- 
ducted in  her  youth,  at  eleven,  and  carried  off  when  only  15  years  of  age  by  Theseus  and 
Pirithous  of  Attica,  but  recovered  by  her  brothers  Castor  and  Pollux  and  being  rescued 
from  Theseus,  King  of  Greece,  while  he  was  away  from  Athens.  And  her  father  bound 
these  suitors  with  an  oath  to  join  in  assisting  her  future  husband,  whoever  he  might 
be,  in  her  recovery  should  she  be  taken  again  by  any  disappointed  lover  and  so  a  host 
of  a  hundred  thousand  warriors  were  speedily  gathered,  for  at  once  Agamemnon,  son  of 
King  Atreus,  with  his  injured  brother  Menelaus,  made  a  tour  throughout  Greece  exhort- 
ing all  leaders  of  the  people  to  unite  their  forces  in  a  common  cause  of  war  against 
Troy. 

All  the  Greek  tribes  with  a  large  fleet,  afterwards  famous  in  history,  took  part  in 
this  expedition,  but  the  most  notable  were  the  Argives  or  Achaeans,  Greeks  of  the  east 
or  north  part  and  adjacent  isles,  the  Spartans  of  the  southeast  district  and  the  Neleids 


16 


Agamemnon's    Expedition.     Achilles.     Ships    and   Men.    Preparations.    Allies    of    Troy. 
Siege  of  Troy.    Battling.    Ancient  Warfare.     The  Wooden  Horse. 

of  the  west  coast  of  the  Peloponessus  and  the  Boeotrians  and  the  Myramidons  and 
Thessalians  of  Thessaly  or  Thrace. 

The  most  prominent  captain  was  Achilles  and  the  grand  command  of  the  whole 
expedition  was  committed  to  Agamemnon,  King  of  Mycenae,  as  the  head  of  the  most 
numerous  contingent  and  also  as  being  the  brother  of  Menelaus  in  whose  defence  they 
were  bound.  Under  him  were  the  lion-hearted  Achilles  of  Dodona,  Thessaly;  the  wily 
and  crafty  Odysseus,  King  of  Ithaca;  the  aged  and  wise  Nestor,  son  of  Neleus  and 
Chloris,  King  of  Pylus  and  Massenia  and  many  more,  the  most  valiant  of  heroes  in  all 
the  lands  of  Hellas. 

Agamemnon,  King  of  Argos,  furnished  100  ships  and  also  lending  60  more  to  the 
Aceans,  which  Menelaus  draws  and  with  the  Boeotians  with  full  50  ships  of  120  war- 
riors each,  beside  Medon  led  30  sail  from  Lemnon's  Grecian  shore,  being  joined  by  all  the 
great  heroes  including  Achilles,  King  of  Pythia,  with  50  ships  manned  with  Batroclus 
and  the  aged  Phoenix.  In  all  60  ships  sail,  the  Acadian  bands  each  leads  10  vessels 
under  bold  Agapenor  and  his  Myrmidon  followers,  and  the  Thessalian  King  in  30  gal- 
leys, and  Thoas  from  Chalcis  40  vessels,  with  the  Phocians  40  barks  appear,  Menestheus 
from  Athens  50  more  and  Podarcus  in  40  ships  to  lead.  The  two  Ajaxes  20  each,  with 
40  ships  brave  men,  Tuecer  of  Crete  20  ships  and  Elis  40  vessels  under  Megisled.  Nestor, 
King  of  Pylus,  90  ships.  Ulysses,  King  of  Ithaca,  12  galleys  with  prows  red,  sought  the 
Phrygian  shore.  Diomedes,  four  score  barks  from  Mycene  and  Idomeneus,  King  of  Crete, 
80  barks.  Telepolemus  from  Rhodes  led  9  swift  vessels  and  Niros  3.  Talamon  12  black 
ships.  Salaminian  bands  to  bear  and  Eurnelus  from  Methone  10  black  ships  more  are 
found  with  a  large  contingent  of  vessels  and  seamen.  Philoctetes  7  ships,  each  vessel  50 
oarsmen  row.  Eurypylus  40  barks  commands.  I,< -ontes  40  ships  from  Eleon  obey,  in 
20  sail  from  Cyprus  and  last  Protheus  the  Magnesians  40  sable  barks  supply. 

They  assembled  at  Aulis  with  100.000  men  and  1,186  ships,  as  catalogued  by  Homer 
)  II.  ii-85-93)  and  proceeded  to  Troy.  Twelve  hundred  galleys  bore  the  gathered  clans 
from  Aulis,  a  seaport  of  Boeotia,  across  the  Aegean  to  the  Trojan  shores. 

Nine  years  were  consumed  in  getting  ready  for  the  expedition  and  in  reaching 
Troy  from  unfavorable  winds  and  seas  and  making  raids  into  the  towns  and  cities  of 
the  adjacent  coast  and  neighborhood  of  Troy  and  in  making  preparation  for  the  siege. 
Being  confronted  at  first  by  the  allies  of  the  Trojans  in  various  encounters  and  conflicts 
with  the  Pelaski,  the  Leleges,  the  Caucones,  the  Carians  and  the  Dardanes  with  the  Tro- 
jans, the  most  closely  and  nearly  affiliated  Hellenic  tribes  who  peopled  the  Asiatic  coast 
of  Mysea,  Lesbos  and  Troja.  For  ten  years  the  Greeks  and  their  allies  held  in  close 
siege  the  city  of  Priam.  On  the  plains  beneath  the  walls  of  the  capital  the  warriors  of 
the  two  armies  fight  in  general  battle  or  contend  in  single  encounter.  At  first  Achilles 
is  foremost  in  every  fight  but  a  captive  damsel,  Briseis  of  Lysnessus,  one  of  the  con- 
quered cities  in  the  early  campaign,  who  had  fallen  to  him  as  a  prize,  having  been  taken 
from  him  by  his  chief  Agamemnon,  and  appropriated  to  himself,  Achilles  filled  with 
wrath  from  the  imposition  and  loss  of  the  fair  maiden,  sulks  and  remains  in  his  tent. 
For  Agamemnon  had  had  another.  Though  the  Greeks  are  often  sorely  pressed,  still  the 
angered  hero  refuses  them  his  aid.  At  last  however  his  friend  Patroclus  is  killed  by 
Hector,  eldest  son  of  Priam,  and  then  Achilles  goes  forth  to  avenge  his  death.  In  the 
fierce  combat  he  slays  Hector,  fastens  his  body  to  his  chariot  and  drags  it  thrice  round 
the  walls  of  Troy.  But  even  in  the  loss  of  Hector  and  in  being  driven  at  one  time  to 
the  very  verge  of  the  sea  and  their  ships  nearly  set  on  fire,  the  battle  still  goes  on  and 
Achilles  performs  prodigies  of  valor,  but  at  last  he  is  slain  by  an  arrow  from  Paris,  in 
a  vulnerable  or  vital  part,  at  the  Skaran  gate,  who  in  turn  was  slain  by  Neoptolemus, 
son  of  Achilles. 

Agamemnon,  after  constructing  walls  of  defence  and  attack  for  the  protection  and 
operation  of  the  men  and  machines  and  in  the  assaults  of  ancient  warfare  with  cata- 
pult and  battering-rams  in  besieging  the  ponderous  and  high  built  walls  for  nine  years, 
found  them  well  nigh  impregnable  and  unsuccessfully  retired  to  his  ships  at  Tenedos 
Island,  rendezvous  and  headquarters  and  but  for  the  stratagem  and  construction  of  the 
Wooden  Horse  by  Epeus  as  conceived  by  Ulysses  would  have  abandoned  the  siege.  But 
being  artfully  contrived  and  placing  it  before  the  gates  of  Troy  and  feining  to  have 
raised  the  siege.  At  last  on  viewing  it  the  Trojans  conveyed  it  into  the  city  secretly 
in  the  night  and  gathering  round  counseling  together  what  they  should  do,  hew  it  down 
or  haul  it  to  the  summit  an  offering  to  Minerva,  or  hurl  it  from  the  Pergamum  to  ap- 

17 


Fall   of   Troy.     Aeolic   Succession.     Destruction    of   Troy.     Distribution    of   Spoils.     Cas- 

sandra.     Astynax.     Helen   Restored.     Captives  of    War.     Colonization.     Diomede,  Philoc- 

fetes  and  Idomenius  Settle  in  Italy.     Ulysses'  Wanderings. 

pease  the  Gods,  when  Ulysses,  Neoptolemus  and  the  Greek  heroes  concealed  within, 
stole  out,  opened  the  Skaran  gates  to  their  returning  friends,  who  now  rushed  in  and 
the  many  towered  Ilium  itself  was  taken  and  ruthlessly  overthrown,  pillaged  and  de- 
stroyed, "Troja  fait"  (Troy  was,  that  is  Troy  is  no  more)  and  the  fugitives  fled  to 
other  shores. 

After  this  the  Greek  Aeolic  emigration  took  place  and  undoubtedly  built  up  the 
successive  cities  on  the  site  of  Troy.  But  finally  Thracian  hordes  including  the  Trerest 
and  Chersonese  swept  into  Asia  Minor  from  Gallipolion  the  northwest  and  about  this 
time  it  is  probable  that  like  the  Gauls  and  Goths  and  Vandals  of  a  later  period,  must 
have  made  havoc  with  the  succeeding  cities  in  the  Troad. 

After  the  fall  of  Troy,  which  the  fair  prophetess  Cassandra,  fairest  daughter  of 
Briam  and  Hecuba  and  twin  sister  of  Helenus.  the  adoration  of  Apollo  and  whose 
praises  were  sung  by  Sappho,  the  class  poetess  at  Mytilene,  580  B.  C,  had  foretold  and 
fled  to  the  temple  of  Minerva  for  protection,  her  captor,  the  Lorican  Ajax,  son  of  the 
King  Oileus  of  Locri.  being  engulphed  in  the  waves  of  the  sea  for  his  temerity  in  tearing 
her  from  the  sacred  altar,  she  was  consigned  to  Agamemnon  and  carried  off  in  the 
distribution  with  his  share  of  the  spoils  to  become  his  favorite  wife,  bearing  him  twin 
sons,  Idas  and  Lynceus,  the  Messenian  princes. 

Finally  the  city  of  Troy  was  set  on  fire  in  every  corner  and  utterly  destroyed. 
Priam  fell  by  the  hand  of  Neoptolemus.  The  same  fate  befell  the  son  of  Hector.  As- 
tyanax.  he  being  dashed  from  the  walls,  not  for  anything  that  he  had  done,  but  that  he 
might  not  grow  up  to  avenge  his  father's  death.  Of  the  few  Trojans  who  escaped  were 
Aeneas  and  Antenor.  the  friend  and  companion  of  Aeneas,  his  father  Anchises  and  his 
little  son,  Ascaneus,  his  wife  Cerusa,  who  was  the  daughter  of  Priam,  being  lost  in  the 
conflagration  and  tumult.  Carrying  his  aged  father  on  his  shoulders  and  leading  his 
little  son  by  the  hand,  they  fled  to  Mt.  Ida  whence  they  abode  the  winter  and  gathering 
and  constructing  a  fleet,  thence  sailed  to  Italy  where  they  became  the  founders  of  a 
new  race. 

"To   them   no   bounds   of  empire   I    assign 
Nor  term  of  year,  to  their  immortal  line." 

—  (In  Dryden's  translation  of  Virgil  of  Aeneas). 

Menelaus  became  reconciled  to  his  now  penitent  wife  Helena  and  took  her  back 
with  him  to  their  only  daughter  Hermonia.  who  had  been  married  to  Neoptolemus,  son 
of  Achilles.  The  Trojan  women  of  rank  and  beauty  were  distributed  among  the  Greek 
heroes  as  captives  of  war.  Neoptolemus  obtained  Andromache,  the  widow  of  Hector, 
the  hero  of  the  Trojans,  who  was  slain  by  Achilles.  By  Neoptolemus  she  bore  three 
sons  and  after  his  death,  he  being  slain  by  Orestes,  she  married  Helenus,  twin  brother 
lit  Cassandra,  the  Trojan  seer,  who  now  governed  the  Kingdom  of  Molossia,  for  her  sons 
and  upon  his  death  she  returned  to  Asia  Minor  with  her  youngest  son  Pergamus  and 
there  founded  the  town  named  after  him  near  Troy. 

The  extensive  booty  from  the  King's  palace  having  been  divided,  preparations  were 
made  for  their  return  home.  While  some,  as  for  example,  Idomenius,  Nestor  and 
Diomedes,  who  carried  off  the  Trojan  Palladium.  Philoctetes  and  Neoptolemus,  had 
favorable  voyages  and  reached  their  respective  homes  in  safety  and  after  their  return 
home,  of  these,  the  settlements  of  Diomede,  Philoctetes  and  Idomenius,  on  the  southeast 
coast  of  Italy  and  that  of  Aeneas  on  the  banks  of  the  Tiber  are  the  best  authenticated 
and  the  most  famous  of  the  Trojan  refugees  who  escaped  from  the  ruins  of  Troy.  Others 
like  Menelaus  and  Ulysses  were  driven  hither  and  thither  by  diverse  winds  and  storms 
which  delayed  their  passage  for  years.  Ulysses  held  Hecuba  as  a  captive,  at  first,  after 
the  fall  of  Troy,  but  relinquishing  her,  fell  in  with  Circe  at  Aenae  in  Attica  on  his  long 
voyage  and  abandoning  her  with  his  son  Telemachus,  finally  returned  to  his  faithful 
wife  Penelope  and  youngest  son  Telegonus  and  she  bore  him  another  son,  Ptolipothes. 
after  his  return  to  his  domains  at  Ithaca. 

In  the  preceding  ages  we  have  the  Argonautic  expedition  and  subsequent  Dorian  in- 
vasions of  the  North  Agean  and  cities  of  Mysia  and  the  Troad  and  then  again  later, 
soon  after  the  fall  of  Troy,  the  Grecian  Republics  and  Aeolian  colonization  on  the  western 
coast  of  Asia  Minor  and  causing  the  Mysean  or  Ionian  colonization  on  the  shores  of  the 
Black  Sea  and  in  south  Italy.  Also  in  the  rise  and  fall  of  the  successive  cities  on  the 
plain  and  site  of  old  Troy,  followed  by  the  final  invasions  of  the  Persians,  Xerxes,  Alex- 
ander and  the  Romans. 

18 


Burrs     the     Phrygian     and     Dictys     of     Crete.     Manuscripts.     Discoveries.     Memorials. 
Aeneas  anil  Anterior  the   Trojan.     Final  Settlements.     History  of   the  Franks.     Nurem- 
berg Chronicle.     Hissarlik.  Sent  of  Troy.     Dr.   Bchliemann's  Excavations. 

Old  Greek  writers  mention  an  account  of  the  destruction  of  the  city  earlier  than 
the  Homeric  poems,  and  also  in  the  time  of  Aelian  this  Iliad  of  Dares  priest  of 
Hephaestus  at  Troy  was  believed  to  exist.  It  is  in  prose  and  professes  to  be  translated 
from  an  old  Greek  manuscript. 

Dares  Phrygius,  Trojan  priest  of  Hephaestus,  who  lived  at  the  time  of  the  Trojan 
War,  near  Troy,  to  whom  is  attributed  an  ancient  account  of  that  war,  which  was  extant 
in  the  time  of  Aelian.  A  work  in  Latin  purporting  to  be  a  translation  entitled  "Daretis 
Phrygii  de  Excidio  Trojoe  Historia."  was  much  read  and  prized  in  the  middle  ages  and 
was  then  ascribed  to  Cornelius  Nepos,  Roman  Historian  of  the  1st  Century  B.  C. 

Dictys  of  Crete,  an  early  Greek  Historian,  in  the  Latin  translation  entitled:  "Dictys 
Cretensis  de  Bello  Trojno,"  the  author  followed  Idomeneus,  King  of  Crete,  in  the  Tro- 
jan War  and  in  the  manuscript  of  his  work,  written  in  Phoenician  characters,  was 
found  in  his  tomb  at  Gnossus  at  the  time  of  an  earthquake  in  the  13th  year  of  Nero's 
reign  and  translated  into  Greek  by  his  order.  A  Latin  version  of  the  first  five  books 
has  alone  come  down  to  us.  With  Dictys  is  always  associated  Dares,  a  pseudo-historian 
of  more  recent  date.  Many  mss.  of  both  writers  were  contained  in  the  old  libraries 
and  they  were  translated  into  nearly  every  language  and  turned  into  romantic  verse 
to  suit  the  succeedings  ages.  Yet  these  memorials  have  come  down  to  us  as  so  many 
fragments  of  undisputable  history  made  known  to  us  through  the  undying  narrations 
of  the  heroic  deeds  and  perilous  adventures  of  the  real  war  chieftains  and  the  half 
mythical  semi-gods  of  that  remote  and  troublesome  period.  And  these  crude  and 
fragmentary  stories,  extravagant  and  exaggerated  as  they  may  appear,  are  found  to  con- 
vey the  main  facts  and  to  have  a  meaning  and  value  of  their  own  to  those  who  can 
analyze,  interpret  and  understand  them. 

Soon  after  the  fall  of  Troy,  Aeneas  and  his  Trojan  followers  sailed  for  Italy  and 
settled  on  the  Tiber  at  Lavinium  and  gave  it  a  name  as  the  first  heritage  and  founda- 
tion of  Rome,  to  which  the  Romans  ever  clung  with  proud  and  patriotic  reverence. 
For  a  thousand  years  this  line  of  descent  from  the  dispersed  heroes  of  the  conquered 
Trojan  race  was  a  sacred  literary  tradition  throughout  western  Europe,  of  which  the 
classical  traditions  of  extensive  colonization  subsequent  to  the  Trojan  war  were 
adopted  as  a  grateful  duty  by  the  Greek  and  Latin  poets  of  the  Augustian  era,  as  fol- 
lowed by  the  first  Franco-Latin  chroniclers  of  all  middle  and  southern  Europe  at  a  very 
early  date. 

Antenor,  the  Trojan,  migrated  to  the  furthest  gulfs  of  the  Illyrian  coast  to  the 
northern  shore  of  the  Adriatic  Sea,  to  Pannonia  and  Venetia,  whence  he  founded  the 
city  of  Patavium  or  Padua,  whence  the  origin  of  the  Batavian  Franks.  Fredegarius  and 
St.  Gregory  of  Tours  in  his  history  of  the  Franks,  539  to  595  A.  D.,  Historian  of  the 
Franks  and  the  father  of  French  history  covering  a  period  of  175  years  of  invaluable 
record,  confirms. 

Such  is  the  history  of  old  Troy  and  evidently  the  Hellenic  ancestry  of  Liderick  le 
Buck  participated  in  the  "Siege  of  Old  Troy,"  "Ilium  fuit  fuimus  Troes"  (Troy  has 
existed  and  we  were  Trojans).  "At  domus  Aenae  cunctis  domin  abitur  oris,  Et  natri 
natorum  et  qui  nascentur  ab  illies."  Virgil's  Aeneid,  111-97,  transcribed  from  Homer's 
Iliad,  XX-307-308.  ( But  now  the  house  of  Aeneas  shall  reign  over  every  shore  and  his 
children's  children  and  whosoever  shall  succeed  them).  The  prophecy  of  its  fulfillment 
in  the  realization  of  the  great  Roman  Empire  and  the  kindred  nations  of  Europe  was 
assured.  For  this  connection  we  have  the  "Nuremberg  Chronicle,"  printed  in  that  city 
by  Koberger  in  1493,  and  the  "Annales  Blandinienses"  compiled  before  1064  from  earlier 
documents  and  the  Ency.  Brit.  9th  Ed.  Vol.  9,  page  290.  "Optimae  Matri."  (To  the  best 
of  mothers)  we  ascribe  our  ancestry  and  our  heredity.  We  glory  in  our  ancestors  for 
they  were  of  a  great  and  noble  birth  among  the  ancient  highly  civilized  nations  of  the 
earth.  On  the  hill  of  Hissarlik  in  the  Trojan  plain  Dr.  Schliemann  has  found  and  un- 
covered the  ancient  palaces  and  temples  of  Troy,  has  laid  bare  its  colossal  fortifications 
and  brought  to  light  its  treasures  of  gold  and  silver,  thus  unfolding  to  the  most  in- 
credulous the  great  Homeric  pre-historic  tradition  of  the  royal  city  and  capital  of  a 
broad  domain  which  culminated  in  the  great  Trojan  war  similar  to  what  took  place  in 
the  5th  century  when  the  invading  German  tribes  overwhelmed  the  civilization  of  Rome 
and  destroyed  its  supremacy.  Later  excavations  on  the  spot  carried  on  in  conjunction 
by  Dr.  Dorpfeld  have  found  below  the  debris  of  the  successive  cities,  in  the  blackened 
ruins  of  the  conflagration,  the  buried  remains  of  the  Skaean  gate,  the  Palace  walls,  the 

19 


Franks  of  Trojo-HeUenic  Origin.  Jordanes,  Gothic  Historian.  Eiisubius  and  Jerome. 
Euripides.  Athenian  Pint.  Trojan  War  sun  urns  and  Relics.  Fredegarius  Scholasticus, 
Hist,  of  the  Franks.     Charters  of  Dagobert  and  Chas.   ind,  the  Bald.     Semitic  Invasion. 

Descent  from  Troii  Established. 

aqueducts  and  the  water  courses,  fountains  and  washing  troughs,  besides  their  buried 
treasures  left  behind  at  that  time  and  thus  revealing  and  confirming  in  the  site  of  the 
great  find  the  city  whose  siege  and  destruction  is  commemorated  in  the  Iliad. 

****** 

In  their  ancestral  love,  the  Pranks  came  from  the  east  and  were  undoubtedly  of 
Trojo-Hellenic  origin  and  settling  in  Franconia  or  Batavia.  also  had  their  origin  through 
Antenor  or  Aeneas  and  so  down  through  Pharamond,  263  A.  D.,  Clodion  448,  Meroree  or 
Merovig  451,  Childerick  459,  Clovis  or  Cheodweg  481,  to  Clotaire  540  A.  D.,  from  the 
first  appearance  of  the  Franks  in  Gaul  about  241  A.  D. 

Jornandes  or  Jordanes,  Bishop  of  Croton  in  Italy.  Gothic  Historian  of  the  6th 
century  and  a  .Monk  of  priestly  order,  wrote  two  historical  works  in  the  Latin  language, 
the  first.  "De  Regnorum  ac  Temporum  Successiom,"  is  a  short  compendium  of  the  most 
important  events  in  his  history,  from  the  creation  down  to  552  A.  D.,  founded  on  the 
chronicles  of  Eusubius,  2C0-339,  and  Jerome,  340-420  A.  D.  The  second,  "De  Getarum 
Origine  et  Rebus  Gestes,"  is  an  account  of  the  origin  and  deeds  of  the  Goths  and  of 
several  barbarous  nations  of  Europe,  based  upon  that  of  Cassidorus.  the  Roman  Historian. 
468-534  A.  D.,  and  is  a  work  which  has  obtained  great  renown,  chiefly  from  its  being 
our  only  source  of  information  about  the  Goths  (himself  a  Goth  by  birth  of  Alan  and 
Gothic  descent )  and  of  other  Arian  tribes  of  our  teutonic  forefathers,  except  when 
they  are  casually  mentioned  by  some  Greek  or  Latin  historian.  There  are  many  edi- 
tions of  both  works  and  the  latter  especially  interesting  as  he  identifies  the  Goths  with 
the  Scythians  whose  country  Darius  Hystaspis  invaded,  and  with  the  Getate  of  Dacia 
whom  Trojan  conquered  and  whose  Gothic  King,  Telephus,  sent  a  son  to  fight  at  the 
siege  of  Troy  on  the  right  side  in  rank  with  the  ancestors  of  the  Romans,  and  Dares 
the  Phrygian  being  an  eye  witness  to  the  Trojan  war  as  was  well  authenticated  by 
Euripides,  Athenian  tragic  poet,  448-406  B.  C,  and  by  many  of  the  old  history  writers 
of  the  earlier  ages. 

"At  the  funeral  of  Drusus,  the  images  of  Aeneas,  of  the  Alban  Kings,  of  the  Sabine 
nobles,  of  Romulus,  of  Attus  Clausus  and  of  the  rest  of  the  Claudians  were  exhibited." 
It  was  at  Ticonum,  now  Pavia,  in  Italy,  that  as  Augustus  goes  out  to  meet  the  funeral 
procession  of  Drusus  and  Claudimus  2nd.  L09  B.  (\,  he  was  first  saluted  as  emperor  by 
the  garrison  of  the  city  and  shown  the  relics.  (Tacitus  Annals  iv.-9).  In  the  middle 
of  the  7th  century,  Fredegarius  Scolasticus,  Hist,  of  the  Franks,  relates  how  one  party 
of  the  Trojans  settled  between  the  Rhine,  the  Danube  and  the  sea.  ( Rev.  Gall.  Script,  11- 
461).  And  in  a  charter  of  Dagobert  occurs  the  statement  "ex  nobilissimo  et  antiquo 
Trojanorum  reliquiarum  sanguine  nati."  (Born  of  the  blood  of  the  most  noble  and 
most  ancient  Trojans)  and  Charles  2nd,  the  Bald  in  a  charter  uses  almost  the  same 
words,  viz.:  "ex  praeclaro  et  antiquo  Trojanorum  sanguine  nati."  (Our  blood  is  de- 
clared to  be  of  the  most  noble  and  ancient  Trojans).  As  the  sages  of  Flanders  always 
had  claimed  it,  and  all  the  Kings  from  them  down  have  acknowledged  it.  as  the  Romans 
were  the  first  to  declare  it  and  it  has  always  been  a  favorite  theme  of  investigation  in 
all  ages.  (Enc.  Brit.  9th  Ed.  Vol.  20,  page  638).  In  the  notes  and  events  of  pre- 
historic emigration  ethnologists  are  agreed  that  in  the  "Semetic  Invasion"  the  flooding 
of  the  north  of  Europe  by  emigrants  from  central  and  northern  Asia  and  Asia  Minor  be- 
gan to  take  place  in  pre-historic  times.  These  Goths  and  Celts  intermingled  their  blood 
with  the  Cimbri,  Teutons  and  Saxons,  and  finally  with  the  Aryans  and  Franks  on  the 
south  from  Greece  and  Italy.  In  the  historical  research  of  the  migrations  and  nomadic 
wanderings  of  the  races  of  Europe  from  Asia  Minor  of  Caucasian  or  Aryan  origin,  and 
philological  ethnology  referring  to  the  Aryans  and  Celts,  as  well  as  the  Hellenic  lonians 
of  Homer's  time  and  the  Etruscans  and  Ligurians  of  Latium  in  early  Italy,  for  naturally 
the  great  Roman  period  followed  the  Greek,  and  so  we  have  the  Italic  group  of  the 
Greek  and  Latin  tongue,  "the  military  regime  of  the  Roman  Empire  of  Italic  stock  that 
wrought  a  profound  effect  upon  the  destinies  of  southern  Europe  and  stamped  its  lan- 
guage indelibly  upon  the  civilization  and  speech  of  man.  Together  with  the  imp!. 
environment  and  assimiliation  of  the  blood  of  the  later  Romans  with  the  old  half  Celtic 
German,  the  Gallo-Frankish  and  the  composite  Anglo-Saxon  and  so  by  far  the  largest  pro- 
portion Teutonic,  which  is  the  antithesis  of  the  primitive  Celts  who  diverged  and  were 
mostly  driven  westward  to  Brittany,  and  with  other  Archaean  and  Scandinavian  people 
and  now  more  or  less  extinct  northern  races  and  types  of  antiquity  in  the  light  thrown 

20 


Lambert,  Canon  of  St.  Omer.     Flemish,  History.     Franks  and.  Flanders.     Liderick  he  Buc. 
Early  Rulers  and  Domains.    Dagobert  and  Agobard.     History  of  Middle  Ages. 

on  history  by  the  Antiquarian  versed  in  the  science  of  Anthropology  and  Archaelogy 
combined  and  related  in  these  events.  "A  large  part  of  our  knowledge  of  the  ancient 
world  is  due  to  the  preservation  of  inscribed  relics  and  records  and  every  day  excava- 
tions and  discoveries  are  yielding  fresh  material  in  this  field." 

"In  the  British  Museum  today,  I  lingered  o'er  the  prize 
Dead  Greece  vouchsafes  to  living  eyes." 

D.  G.  Rossetti.  1828-1 8S2. 

Lambert  (lon-bel)  Francis,  theologian  and  writer,  born  at  Avignon  in  1487,  gray 
friar  at  16  and  ordained  priest  of  St.  Omer  in  1522.  having  been  refused  permission  to 
join  the  Carthusians,  a  monastic  order  founded  by  St.  Bruno  in  Cologne  in  1057,  in  1084, 
he  attached  himself  to  the  cause  of  Martin  Luther,  being  one  of  the  earliest  apostles  to 
embrace  the  doctrine  of  the  reformation,  discarding  the  role,  robes  and  order  of  Monk 
and  assuming  the  name  of  John  Serranus  he  joined  Luther  in  1523  at  Wittenburg  and 
was  with  him  at  Metz  and  Strausburg.  Wrote  a  commentary  on  Hosea  and  several 
other  religious  works  and  was  installed  the  first  protestant  "Professor  of  Theology"  at 
Marburg  in  1529.  Died  in  1530.  A  Jesuit  historian  and  orator  and  was  well  versed  in  the 
earliest  history  of  Flanders,  having  had  every  facility  of  instruction  and  taken  every 
opportunity  for  research  and  study  as  the  well  known  canon  of  St.  Omer. 

The  monks  of  the  middle  ages  were  really  the  vanguards  of  civilization  and  enlight- 
ment  in  many  ways  and  particularly  in  their  retreats  for  travelers  and  pilgrims  and  hos- 
pitals for  the  sick  and  poor,  as  teachers  in  their  educational  schools,  as  missionaries 
and  agricultural,  industrial  and  manual  converters  of  large  tracts  of  barren  wastes  and 
marshes,  and  as  collectors,  translators  and  copyists  of  manuscripts  in  the  dissemination 
of  knowledge. 

About  540  A.  D.,  the  Franks  a  warlike  people,  originally  inhabited  Franconia  in 
Germany  and  under  their  leader  Pharamond,  first  nominal  King  of  France,  400  A.  D., 
settled  in  that  part  of  Gaul  afterward  known  as  Flanders.  Two  centuries  later  a  con- 
siderable portion  of  Flanders  was  governed  by  a  tyrant  named  Phinart.  This  was  in 
the  reign  over  France  of  Clothare  2nd  of  the  Merovingian  Dynasty  among  which  bloody 
strifes  were  going  on.  In  431  A.  D.  the  Frankish  King  Clodio,  said  to  have  a  son 
Merovig,  of  Merovech,  the  founder  of  the  Merovingian  Dynasty,  took  Cambria  and  ad- 
vanced his  dominions  as  far  as  the  Somme  though  still  acknowledging  Roman  supremacy. 
Died  in  457  A.  D.  His  son  Childeric,  reigned  from  457  to  481  and  resided  at  Touraine 
where  his  grave  was  discovered  in  1653.  His  son  Clovis,  in  486  extended  his  empire  to 
the  Seine  and  Loire,  made  Paris  his  capital  and  died  there  in  511  and  his  Queen  Clotilda 
afterward  resided  at  Tours.  Childebert  1st  and  Clotaire  1st  reigned  from  511  to  558,  sons 
of  Childeric  and  Clovis. 

In  621  for  having  conquered  and  killed  the  tyrant  Phynart,  Dagobert,  son  of  Clotaire 
2nd,  bestowed  upon  Liderick  the  government  and  fief  "Grand  Forester  and  Count  of 
Flanders"  and  gave  him  the  surname  of  "le  Buc"  (in  semblance  of  that  animal)  and  a 
sword  and  shield  on  which  was  engraved  in  gold  and  blue  (bronze)  with  red  ground 
and  emblazoned  with  10  pieces  of  silver  in  the  middle  of  an  escutcheon,  significant  of  the 
name  and  occasion.  It  was  one  of  the  earliest  ever  granted  and  which  he  bore  ever 
after  over  his  coat  of  mail.  ( Guicciardini  Francesco,  Ital.  Hist.  1482-1540).  Harvey 
Dagobert  1st  one  of  the  early  Frankish  Kings  died  in  638  A.  D.  He  was  son  of  Clotaire 
2nd  and  after  his  father's  death  he  ruled  over  the  whole  of  the  Frankish  Dominions. 
His  court  was  remarkable  for  magnificence  rivaling  that  of  Constantinople. 

Agobard,  a  Frank,  born  in  779,  Archbishop  of  Lyons,  wrote  in  time  of  Louis  le 
Debonnaire,  Lothair  and  Pepin  at  the  court  of  Lyons.  He  died  at  Sainbonge  in  840  and 
afterwards  his  works  a  "History  of  the  Middle  Ages"  in  detail,  condemning  the  fallacies 
and  superstitions  of  the  times  into  which  they  had  fallen,  with  a  motive  to  encourage 
civilization  and  enlightenment,  were  edited  by  Baluze,  French  Hist,  in  2  vols.  8  vo.  in 
1665. 

Lothaire  1st,  eldest  son  of  Louis  the  Pious,  was  Emperor  of  the  west,  795  to  855, 
capital  at  Soisans.  Lothaire  2nd  or  3rd,  the  Saxon,  Emperor  of  Germany,  1075  to  1137 
and  afterwards  Chelperic  1st  King  of  Neustria. 

Flanders,  (Pays  Bras  or  Tongres)  Flandre,  ancient  name.  An  ancient  principality 
or  courtship  south  of  Holland  in  Germany,  a  very  interesting  and  early  civilized  portion 

21 


Ancient    Principality   of   Flanders.     Family    of   the   Foresters.     Lideriek    Le    Buc.    First 
Forester  of  Flanders,  Descendants.     Records.    As  Counts  of  Flanders.     Baldwin,  Bras- 
De-Fur.     Successors. 

of  Europe  on  the  north  of  France  bordering  Boulogne  and  Calais  to  Bruges  and  Ostend, 
the  east  end  of  the  Kingdom,  on  the  south  east  of  the  English  channel  along  the  narrow- 
est part  of  the  straits  of  Dover  joining  Normandy  on  the  south.  Now  lying  between 
Germany  and  France  in  two  provinces,  East  and  West  Flanders,  in  the  modern  King- 
dom of  Belgium,  now  one  of  the  most  densely  populated  countries  in  the  world. 

Flanders  was  obstinately  defended  against  the  Normans  but  Roland  devastated 
Holland  and  France  fell  a  prey  in  841  A.  D.  In  the  Middle  Ages  it  was  a  part  of  the 
French  Kingdom.  It  took  its  rise  about  the  time  of  Charles  the  Great,  in  the  line  of 
counts,  and  we  find  the  founder  of  the  "family  of  the  Foresters"  as  they  were  called, 
in  a  certain  Lideriek  le  Buc.  whose  chateau  or  castle  was  L'isle  or  Lille,  the  capital.  By 
Richilda,  his  wife.  Lideriek  le  Buc  had  15  children;  his  descendants  for  six  generations 
after  his  death  in  692,  governed  Flanders  as  follows,  viz.: 

1st.,  Antoine.  second  son  of  Lideriek  le  Buc,  first  Grand  Forester. 

2nd.,  Bouchard,  third  son  of  Antoine,  ranger  and  Lord  of  Harlebec. 

3rd.,  Estorede,  son  of  Bouchard,  Prince  of  Loraine  and  Lord  of  Harlebec.  Died  A. 
D.  792. 

4th..  Lideriek,  second  son  of  Estorede.  Count  of  Flanders  and  Harlebec.  Died  A.  D. 
836. 

5th. ,  Ingleran,  son  of  Lideriek.  second  Forester  and  Lord,  woodman  of  the  forest, 
was  a  great  builder  of  castles  and  towns.     Died  A.  D.  852,  buried  at  Harlebec. 

6th.,  Odacre,  son  of  Ingleran,  built  the  castle  of  Audenarde  and  the  walls  of  Ghent, 
rebuilt  many  towns.     Died  A.  D.  364,  buried  at  Harlebec.      (Annales  Blandinienses  1064). 

Their  tombs  were  discovered  at  Harlebec,  near  the  ancient  capital  of  L'isle  and 
mentioned  by  Augesen,  the  earliest  Dutch  historian,  in  1130.  Odacre  signifying  Mark- 
graf.  the  first  to  divide  land  into  acres  and  mark  towns  and  counties.    . 

Margrave  was  a  Lord  or  Keeper  of  the  borders  or  marches  in  Germany.  Marx-graf, 
military  chieftains  or  guardians  of  the  frontiers,  the  term  Marquis  was  not  applied  to 
the  office  until  1385  in  England  from  Mark-graf  and  now  obsolete  there.  Count  was 
never  used  there,  but  Earl  and  so  Marquis  in  France,  for  its  equivalent,  but  the  wife  of 
an  Earl  or  Count  is  called  Countess.  Duke  and  Marquis  being  of  the  highest  order  next 
to  that  of  King  or  Emperor  in  rank  of  office. 

From  the  fall  of  the  Hellenic  to  the  Athenian  and  Roman  Empire  down  through  the 
Middle  Ages  and  the  Conquest,  the  good  and  bad  deeds  of  the  royalty  and  the  nobility 
were  perpetuated,  not  only  by  bards,  in  song,  legend  and  tradition  but  by  scribes, 
chroniclers,  historians  and  men  of  letters  and  kept  in  the  archives  of  castle,  hall  and 
palace  and  in  the  monasteries  by  friar,  king  and  prelate,  thus  these  names  and  acts,  by 
the  assistance  of  memory,  inscriptions,  monuments,  script  and  manuscripts  and  the 
potent  and  natural  influence  of  kinship,  have  been  rehearsed,  preserved,  and  perpetuated 
through  many  centuries,  have  come  down  to  us  in  their  present  printed  form  and  so 
we  have  gotten  down  to  the  terra-firma  of  history. 

Such  has  been  the  history  of  the  nations  of  the  world  by  change  and  events  and  in 
racial  growths  and  affinities  that  no  one  in  casting  his  memory  backward  over  such 
a  reach  of  time  can  comprehend  or  begin  to  see  the  whole  of  its  history  in  a  flash,  but 
by  analogy,  contrast  and  diligent  research. 

Upon  the  death  of  Odacre  in  864  A.  D.,  the  title  of  Forester  and  Count  of  Flanders 
passed  on  to  Audacier  or  Baldwin,  the  name  of  a  long  line  of  Sovereign  Counts  of 
Flanders,  of  whom  the  most  celebrated  was  Baldwin  9th  who  became  afterward  Emperor 
of  Constantinople  under  the  name  of  Baldwin  1st.  Baldwin,  in  the  old  German,  mean- 
ing bold,  courageous,  princely,  friend  and  winner. 

The  first  of  the  line  was  Baldwin.  Bras-de-fer  or  Iron  Arm  and  his  descendants, 
who  held  it  for  several  centuries.  He  married  Judith  the  dau.  of  King  Charles,  the 
Bald  of  France  and  widow  of  Ethelwauf,  King  of  the  Anglo-Saxons  in  England  858.  and 
afterward  received  the  newly  created  "mark"  or  county  in  864,  as  a  hereditary  fief  from 
his  father-in-law.  He  extended  his  territories  by  the  addition  of  Artois  as  a  seizuran. 
warden  or  mark-graf,  on  whom  the  important  duty  of  defending  the  border  lands  de- 
volved and  which  was  held  by  his  successors  until  Philip  Augustus  reunited  it  to 
France. 

The  successors  of  Lideriek  le  Buc  depended  less  and  less  upon  the  Frankish  crown 
as  time  went  by  and  at  length  the  foresters  of  Flanders  appear  among  the  holders  of 


The  Greatness  of  Flanders.     Knighthood  and  Knights  of  Flanders.     Conquests  of  Britain. 
The  Normans.     The  Saxons.     St.  umer  and  St.  Amu-.     Charlemagne  and  Christianity. 

great  state  offices.  At  a  later  period  they  bore  the  sword  before  the  Kings  of  France 
at  their  coronation  and  they  fought  successfully  both  against  the  King  of  France  and  the 
Emperor,  Henry  1st,  of  Germany.  876-936,  and  thus  these  rulers  of  Flanders  be- 
came feudatories  of  the  empire  as  well  as  of  France  and  in  918  A.  D.  their  reign  was 
full  of  trouble  with  the  Normans,  on  the  one  hand  or  side,  and  with  the  emperor,  Otho 
1st  of  Germany,  the  great  patrician,  912-973  on  the  other  side  of  him. 

They  were  the  builders  and  fortified  for  their  stronghold,  the  walls  of  Ghent.  Bruges 
and  Ypres,  known  as  the  three  limbs  of  Flanders,  and  it  is  said  did  much  good  in  laying 
the  foundations  of  the  political  liberties  of  their  country  by  appointing  twelve  of  their 
number  as  a  council  of  state,  the  first  jury  ever  inaugurated,  and  also  did  a  great  deal 
for  the  commercial  and  industrial  progress  of  the  country  at  large. 

Flanders  in  the  14th  century  being  the  greatest  manufacturing  country  in  Europe, 
a  shipping  trade  had  sprung  up  in  wool,  corn,  cattle,  wine  and  beer,  rivaling  that 
of  Manchester  and  Liverpool  and  embracing  twenty  nations  in  their  "Hanseatic  protec- 
tive and  commercial  league."  They  were  active,  ambitious  and  independent  and  greatly 
extended  their  powers  by  wars  and  alliances. 

From  A.  D.  864  to  1066  they  flourished  conspicuously  in  the  adventurous  calling 
of  Knighthood  and  became  distinguished  in  the  Crusades.  From  the  beginning  of  the 
reign  of  Henry  3rd  of  England,  the  Knights  of  Flanders  ranked  as  the  most  daring,  bold 
and  formidable,  and  with  the  Normans,  Saxons  and  Franks,  an  aggregate  of  Germanic 
tribes  of  the  Aryan  or  Teutonic  race,  were  destined  to  be  the  chief  conquerors  of  the 
land. 

In  the  conquest  of  Britain  by  the  lower  German  tribes  the  borders  were  originally 
inhabited  by  a  tribe  identified  with  the  Morini,  the  occupants  of  a  part  of  the  opposite 
coast  (extremi  hominum  morini.  Aean  VIII,  727). 

The  Normans  were  Northmen,  or,  to  be  more  precise,  the  descendants  of  the  North- 
men with  their  "Norse-land  ballads  of  Beowuf  and  Thor-viking  legends  of  Odin  descent" 
who  had  been  expelled  from  their  native  Norway  in  consequence  of  an  effort  on  their 
part  to  subvert  its  institutions  and  to  make  its  lands  hereditary  instead  of  being 
divisible  among  all  the  sons  of  the  former  owners. 

As  a  band  of  expatriated  outlaws  and  robbers  under  their  leader  Rollo,  they  won 
and  held  the  fair  province  of  northern  France  which  they  named  Normandy  after  their 
native  land.  In  912  A.  D.,  King  Charles  the  Simple,  ceded  to  Duke  Rollo  and  his  Norman 
followers  the  province  which  took  from  them  the  name  of  Normandy.  They  also  es- 
tablished themselves  in  South  Italy  and  Sicily  and  ruled  there  in  the  middle  of  the  11th 
and  12th  centuries. 

wfipn  thev  jnva(ief|  England,  they  were  Frenchmen  only  in  the  sense  that  they 
had  lived  and  intermixed  for  some  generations  on  French  soil.  In  blood  they  belonged 
to  the  great  Germanic  breed  along  with  the  Anglo-Saxons,  Danes  and  other  Scandinavian 
and  German  peoples. 

The  Saxons,  ancient  people  of  Germany,  under  their  ruler  Witikind  were  subdued 
by  Pepin  d'  Heristal,  714-768,  and  Charlemagne.  724-814.  who  sent  Christian  teachers  to 
preach  the  gospel  among  them.  Constantine,  the  first  christian  emperor  of  Rome,  had 
established  St.  Omer  and  St.  Anne.  Dominican  or  Franciscan  Monasteries,  in  Flanders. 
St.  Chrysolus  had  preached  the  gospel  at  Bruges  at  a  very  early  date  in  the  3rd  century 
and  the  dawn  of  civilization  was  appearing  and  through  St.  Irenacus,  St.  Denis,  the 
patron  saint  of  Flanders,  and  the  Saxon  Winfrid  or  St.  Bonifice,  born  in  Devonshire, 
Eng.,  680-755,  Christianity  was  prevailing  over  paganism. 

St.  Anne,  dau.  of  Mathan,  priest  of  Bethlehem,  and  the  wife  of  St.  Joachim  and 
mother  of  the  "Virgin  Mary."  Her  body  was  believed  to  have  been  transferred  from 
Palestine  to  Constantinople.  A.  D.  710,  and  her  head  to  Chartres  by  Louis  de  Blois  about 
1210  A.  D.  In  her  honor  a  fraternity  of  St.  Anne  was  instituted  in  the  13th  century  and 
organized  anew  by  the  Jesuits.  She  is  also  canonized  by  most  of  the  Roman  and 
Greek  churches. 

It  was  in  the  reign  of  Constantine  that  Christianity  conquered,  however,  when 
Charlemagne,  King  of  the  Franks,  conquered  the  enemies  of  Rome.  The  Goths,  Vandals 
and  Saxons  were  all  deeply  influenced  by  the  linkine  of  Christianity  with  military 
power,  and  Charles  Martel  in  gaining  the  battle  of  Poictiers  or  Tours  in  732  A.  D.  in  de- 
feating the  Saracens,  kept  the  wave  rolling  and  a  great  change  was  in  fact  achieved, 


23 


The  Crusades.     The   Cause.    Recovery  of  Jerusalem.     Godfrey   of  Bouillon.    Peter   the 

Hermit.    Raymond    and    fount    Baldwin.     Conquest    of   Jerusalem.     Rulers.     Reign    of 

Baldwins  in  the  Vast.     Count  Holier!  of  Flanders  and  Eustice,  Count  of  Bologne. 

which  led  to  the  Holy  wars  of  the  Crusades,  with  their  incalculable  influence  upon  the 
destinies  and  fortunes  of  the  European  world.  To  the  reign  of  Charlemagne  or  Charles 
the  Great  belongs  the  world's  most  decisive  history.  One  of  the  greatest  events  of  the 
Middle  Ages  was  the  Crusades.  Peter  the  Hermit,  aroused  the  piety  and  chivalry  of 
Europe  and  led  to  that  extraordinary  succession  of  holy  wars  which  for  a  time  at  least 
restored  the  tomb  of  our  Lord  and  the  city  of  Jerusalem  to  christian  hands  from  the 
Moslem  rule  it  had  fallen  into  after  the  victory  of  the  Arabs,  being  captured  by  the 
Persians  in  614  and  by  Omar  in  636  A.  D. 

Prom  Gregory  7th.  the  great  Hildebrand,  the  idea  of  an  armed  host  which  should 
inflict  summary  vengeance  on  the  oppressors  of  the  Christians  of  Jerusalem  had  already 
dawned  upon  his  mind,  hut  to  his  successor  Urban,  led  on  by  Peter  the  Hermit,  a 
native  of  Amines  in  Picardy,  Prance,  came  the  appeal  which  aroused  all  Europe  for  the 
recovery  of  the  Holy  City  and  Palestine  from  the  infidel  and  atrocities  and  cruelties  per- 
petrated on  the  christian  pilgrims  by  the  Turks.  And  although  they  loved  their  homes 
and  their  domains,  the  forest  and  the  chase,  they  gathered  and  headed  with  the  rulers 
and  nobility  of  Europe.  Six  hundred  thousand  strong,  they  rallied  to  the  call,  "Deus 
vult"  (God  wills  it)  and  the  cross  bearing  their  distinctive  emblem  on  their  breast, 
for  every  crusader  wore  a  cross  marked  on  his  right  shoulder,  "Ecce  signum"  (Behold 
the  sign)  and  when  at  the  hour  of  sunset  the  soldier  knelt  down  to  pray  before  hia 
cross,  that  cross  was  the  handle  of  the  sword. 

Those  under  Godfrey  of  Bouillon  (boo-you)  Baldwin  of  Bourg,  and  Baldwin  of 
Flanders  followed  in  the  track  of  Peter  the  Hermit.  Foremost  among  these  was  God- 
frey of  Bouillon  in  the  Ardennes,  Duke  of  Lothringen  Lorraine,  whose  high  personal 
character  brought  to  his  standard,  we  are  told,  not  less  than  10,000  horsemen  and  80,000 
infantry  and  who  was  accompanied  by  his  brother  Baldwin  and  Eustice,  Count  of 
Boulogne. 

Next  to  him.  perhaps.  Raymond  count  of  Toulouse,  lord  of  Auvergne  and  Languedoc, 
the  leader  it  is  said  of  100. 00O  horse  and  foot  widely  known  for  his  courage  and 
wisdom,  and  whatever  may  have  been  the  whole  number  of  the  eight  divisions  under 
different  leaders,  the  chaplain  of  Count  Baldwin  could  speak  of  them  as  "six  million  of 
the  flower  of  the  land." 

In  the  first  Crusade  to  succor  the  christians  Baldwin  9th.  descendant  of  the  family, 
took  and  founded  the  Frankish  county  and  principality  of  Edessa  in  1097  and  soon  after 
as  they  passed  along  Antioch  was  besieged  and  taken  on  the  3rd  of  June,  1098,  and  God- 
frey of  Bouillon.  Duke  of  Lower  Lorraine,  a  caralong  prince,  still  passing  on  to  the  battle 
cry,  "Deo  duce"  (God  being  my  leader)  finally  stormed  and  took  Jerusalem  July  7th,  1099. 
He  was  unamiously  elected  King  of  Jerusalem  and  although  he  did  not  accept  so  sacred 
a  title,  became  lord  of  the  holy  city  and  promulgated  a  code  of  feudal  laws  called  the 
"Assize  of  Jerusalem"  and  later  in  gaining  the  decisive  victory  on  the  plain  of  Ascalon 
in  1100,  the  Latin  principality  of  Edessa  and  Antisch  and  Kingdom  of  Jerusalem  began 
and  lasted  for  88  years. 

Godfrey  died  soon  after  July  18th.  1100,  and  his  body  was  interred  on  Mt.  Calvary 
near  the  Holy  Sepulchre.  He  was  succeeded  by  his  brother  Baldwin  1st  as  King,  and 
the  seaport  city  of  Ascalon  was  taken  in  1153  by  Baldwin  3rd.  But  in  1187  A.  D..  Sala- 
din  won  the  victory  over  the  crusaders  at  Tiberias  and  took  the  Holy  City.  Baldwin 
of  Hainault,  father  of  Baldwin  9th,  died  in  1195.  to  whom  the  courtship  devolved,  who 
became  the  founder  of  the  Latin  Empire  of  Constantinople,  was  seated  on  the  throne  of 
the  East  in  the  fourth  crusade  of  1204  and  although  he  perished  in  Bulgaria  in  1206 
their  successors  maintained  themselves  for  over  a  century  and  greatly  increased  in 
size  power  and  wealth. 

Count  Robert  of  Flanders  and  Eustice  count  of  Boulogne,  were  brothers  of  Godfrey, 
King  of  Jerusalem,  who  died  in  1100,  and  was  succeeded  by  Baldwin  1st,  brother  of 
Godfrey,  and  2nd  King  of  Jerusalem  for  18  years.  Baldwin  du  Bourg,  cousin  of  Godfrey, 
was  3rd  King  of  Jerusalem.  1118,  died  1131.  Title:  Baldwin  2nd.  A  brother  successor, 
Alrneric,  in  1162  was  the  4th  King  of  Jerusalem,  to  Baldwin  4th  his  successor  1174,  to 
Baldwin  5th  11S3,  to  Guy  of  Lusignon,  his  brother-in-law  in  1186,  who  surrendered  it  to 
the  powerful  Saladin,  a  famous  sultan  of  Egypt,  who  took  Jerusalem  and  held  it  against 
the  Crusaders  in  the  fatal  battle  of  Tiberias,  1187,  thus  ending  the  Latin  Kingdom. 


24 


',%«»; 


Raymond  of  Toulouse.      Holy  City  Taken.     Jerusalem    Regained.       Godfrey,    King    of 

Jerusalem.     Succession    of    Baldwins.     Passing    of    Crusaders.     Hemes    and    Defenders. 

Rulers.     Reign  of  Baldwins.     End  of  Latin  Kingdom.     Lasting  Benefits. 

In  the  conquest  of  the  Holy  City  when  Raymond  of  Toulouse  with  his  followers 
invested  the  city  from  the  western  side  while  Godfrey  and  Tancard  with  Robert  of 
Normandy  and  Robert  of  Flanders  blockaded  it  from  the  north,  at  last,  as  all  the  super- 
human efforts  and  resources  of  a  ceaseless  and  almost  hopeless  siege  of  30  days  was 
abated  and  interrupted  for  rest  and  repairs.  And  like  the  Levites  round  the  walls  of 
Jericho,  on  the  7th  day,  the  clergy  and  priestly  host,  followed  by  the  laity,  marched 
three  times  round  the  walls  of  Jerusalem  in  procession,  singing  hymns  and  pounding 
on  the  walls  with  a  baton,  it  is  said,  found  a  weak  spot  and  it  is  a  singular  fact  that  on 
the  same  day,  it  was  Friday,  and  at  the  same  time  the  last  cry  was  uttered  on  the  cross 
by  our  Savior,  Letold  of  Tourney  scaled  the  walls  and  followed  by  Englebert  and  then 
by  Godfrey  stood  on  the  walls  of  Jerusalem  shouting  hosannas.  The  Gate  of  St.  Stephen 
was  stormed  by  Tancard,  the  Provencals  poured  in  and  climbed  up  the  ramparts  by 
thousands  and  the  city  was  in  the  hands  of  the  Christians. 

So  great  and  terrible  was  the  carnage  that  followed  it  is  said,  "that  the  horses  of 
the  crusaders  that  rode  up  to  the  Mosque  of  Omar  waded  in  the  stream  of  blood"  and 
"when  the  work  of  slaughter  was  ended,  the  streets  were  washed   by   Saracen   prisoners." 

So  ended  the  first  and  most  important  of  the  Crusades.  Godfrey  was  really  King 
of  Jerusalem,  although  he  would  not  bear  the  title  in  a  city  where  his  Lord  had  worn 
a  crown  of  thorns.  His  reign  lasted  barely  one  year.  On  Godfrey's  death  his  brother 
Baldwin  was  summoned  from  his  principality  of  Edessa,  in  1100,  and  crowned  King  by 
the  Patriarch  Dimbert. 

During  his  reign  of  18  years  most  of  the  old  crusading  chiefs  passed  away.  Stephen 
of  Chartres  was  slain  at  Ramlah  in  1101.  Four  years  later  Raymond  of  Toulouse,  a 
baron  whose  power  was  greater  than  that  of  many  Kings,  died  on  the  seacoast.  In  1112, 
Tancred,  the  real  hero  of  the  crusades,  the  flower  of  knighthood,  was  cut  off  in  the 
prime  of  manhood.  Three  years  after  Bohemond  the  Greek,  son  of  Guiscard  of  Tar- 
entum,  a  Norman  Knight,  whose  father  Robert  Guiscard,  had  himself  a  Kingdom  in 
southern  Italy,  had  ended  his  stormy  career  as  Prince  of  Antioch.  The  Emperor 
Alexis,  the  only  man  who  derived  lasting  benefit  from  these  expeditions  outlived  them 
all. 

Of  Jerusalem  rulers  and  the  reign  of  the  Baldwins:  Baldwin  1st,  Emperor  of  Ro- 
mania, Count  of  Flanders  and  Hainault,  leader  of  the  fourth  crusade  and  Emperor  of 
Constantinople,  9th  May,  1204,  died  in  1205.  Baldwin  2nd.  Emperor  of  Romania,  1217- 
1273.  A  younger  son  of  Youlande,  sister  of  Baldwin  1st,  Prince  of  Edessa,  1098-1100, 
and  first  King  of  Jerusalem,  1100-1118,  was  the  brother  of  Godfrey  of  Bouillon.  Baldwin 
2nd.  count  of  Edessa,  1100-1118,  King  of  Jerusalem,  1118-1131,  originally  known  as  Baldwin 
de  Burg,  son  of  Count  Hugh  of  Rether  and  nephew  of  Godfrey  of  Bouillon  and  Baldwin 
1st  in  first  crusade,  succeeded  by  reign  of  Fulk  of  Jerusalem,  1131-1143.  Baldwin  3rd, 
King  of  Jerusalem,  1143-1162,  eldest  son  of  Fulk  of  Anjou  and  Melisinda,  eldest  dan.  of 
Baldwin  2nd,  born  in  Jerusalem  in  1130  and  a  learned  and  capable  man,  md.  Theodora, 
dau.  of  Manuel,  115S,  succeeded  by  his  brother  Amalric  1st.  Baldwin  4th,  son  of 
Amalric  1st.  by  his  first  wife  Agnes,  ruled  in  Jerusalem  from  1174  to  1183.  Baldwin  5th, 
son  of  Sibylla,  dau.  of  Amalric  1st,  nominal  King  of  Jerusalem,  11.S3-11.S0,  under  the 
regency  of  Raymond,  count  of  Tripoli,  followed  by  Guy  of  Lusignan,  husband  of  Sibylla 
and  the  advance  of  Saladin  and  dissensions  of  government  led  to  the  fatal  battle  of 
Tiberius,  1187,  and  the  Latin  kingdom,  established  by  Godfrey  and  the  crusaders  for  88 
years  was  at  an  end. 

At  no  time  very  stable,  but  the  great  expeditions  of  this  Holy  war  which  renewed 
the  ties  between  christian  nations  and  connected  Europe  with  Asia  opened  once  more 
paths  of  commerce,  trade,  travel,  observation  and  enlightenment,  closed  since  the  time 
of  the  tribal  invasions,  and  the  division  of  the  diverse  and  immense  army  into  corps  ac- 
cording to  nations  brought  the  men  of  one  country  to  consider  themselves  children  of  the 
same  fatherland  and  on  the  perilous  voyages,  crossing  the  distant  countries  in  the 
midst  of  a  people,  the  Greek  and  the  Saracene,  each  more  advanced  and  refined  than 
their  own  but  of  another  religion,  they  acknowledged  the  brotherhood  of  mankind  in 
the  pre-eminence  of  Christ. 

On  the  left  side  of  the  river  Kadisha  is  the  ancient  seaport  town  of  Tripolis  in 
Syria  on  the  Mediterranean  above  Beirout  near  the  ruins  of  ancient  Balzak,  Palmyra, 
old  Troy  and  the  ancient  cities  of  the  sun,  Balbec  in  Syria,  now  in  ruins,  but  once  of 

25 


Castle  of  Count  Raymond  of  Toulouse  nt  Tripoli.  Commercial  Relations.  Rise.  Ex- 
tension and  Decay.  Count  Eustice  of  Boulogne.  Visit  to  Edward  the  Confessor.  Robert 
Duke  of  Normandy,  son  of  William  First.     Win.  Fitz  Robert.     Bottle  of  Bouvines.    Magna 

Charta.     Naval  Battle  of  Slui/s. 

great  size,  magnificent  and  important,  bathed  in  its  gorgeous  rosy  bed  and  glowing 
tints  in  which  it  is  emblazoned  by  the  rising  and  setting  sun  amidst  its  oriental  gardens 
of  orange,  lemon,  mulberry,  apricot  and  other  tropical  fruit  and  ornamented  trees. 
Here  stood  the  castle  built  by  Count  Raymond  of  Toulouse  in  the  12th  century,  when 
the  city  was  taken  by  the  Crusaders  in  his  line  of  march  and  inherited  by  Raymond,, 
count  of  Tripoli,  at  his  father's  death,  in  1105,  and  of  great  advantage  as  an  entry  port 
of  trade  and  federal  union  and  for  many  centuries  a  place  of  great  commercial  im- 
portance. 

These  Franks  or  descendants  controlled  the  great  routes  of  trade  and  took  tolls 
of  the  traders.  Cities  that  suffered  defeat  from  them  like  Edessa,  Antioch,  Ascalcn 
and  Tripoli,  were  compelled  to  pay  tribute,  but  they  continued  by  their  own  hereditary 
dukes  and  also  could  extend  the  line  of  their  dominions,  and  in  1130  their  power  may 
be  regarded  as  having  reached  its  height  and  after  that  began  to  wane,  until  in  1186  it 
lost  its  supremacy  in  dissensions  and  division  of  the  army  that  should  have  been  kept 
together  to  defend  its  capital  and  not  suffered  the  defeat  of  Tiberias  and  the  fall  of 
Jerusalem. 

Robert  and  Eustice  were  both  assistant  leaders  in  the  first  crusade  and  prominent 
figures  in  the  succession.  Count  Eustice  of  Boulogne  as  early  as  1051  was  invited  over 
to  take  possession  of  Dover,  England,  by  the  Saxon  King,  Edward  the  Confessor,  whose 
sister  Regena  lie  married  and  although  highly  favored  by  the  King,  was  opposed  by 
Earl  Goodwin,  an  English  nobleman,  who  refused  to  submit  their  case  to  the  "Witan," 
the  early  English  council  of  Parliament,  but  they  finally  overpowered  him  and  caused 
the  British   Elarl   with  his  family  to  flee  to  Flanders. 

Eustice  with  his  brother.  Count  Robert  of  Flanders,  styled  "the  sword  and  lance  of 
the  Christians,"  with  their  brother  Godfrey  of  Bouillon,  were  foremost  in  the  first 
crusade  of  1096,  and  a  cousin,  Robert,  Duke  of  Normandy,  son  of  William  the  Conqueror, 
who  pawned  his  Duchy,  in-fief,  Cotentin  and  Avranchin,  in  1086,  to  his  brothers  William 
Rufus  the  Red,  the  English  King  and  Henry  Beauclerk  (fine  scholar  I,  gallantly  led 
another  division,  and  was  destined  as  fate  unkindly  had  it,  returning  through  Italy 
and  tarrying  under  its  sunny  skies,  to  marry  a  beautiful  Italian  lady,  who  died  not 
long  after  reaching  his  home,  Belesme  in  Normandy,  leaving  him  a  son  William  Fitz 
Robert,  5  years  old. 

Later  on  in  the  reign  of  Henry  1st,  his  brother  Beauclerk  both  laid  claim  to  the 
crown  and  fought  for  the  King's  estates  both  in  England  and  Normandy  and  although 
supported  by  the  King  of  France  and  the  Earls  of  Anjou  and  Flanders  were  defeated  in 
all  their  battles  and  Robert  was  finally  captured  Sept.  2S,  1106,  and  sad  to  say,  blinded, 
to  end  his  days  in  Cardif  Castle  in  1134,  at  80  years.  William  Fitz  Robert  died  in  L128, 
at  26,  in  St.  Omer  Monastery,  Flanders,  of  a  pike  wound  in  his  hand  inflicted  in  his  in- 
vasion of  England  and  so  met  his  defeat. 

The  Counts  of  Flanders  were  present  at  the  crowning  of  Philip  Augustus  at  Rheims 
as  joint  King  by  his  father,  I.ouis  7th,  1179,  who  acknowledged  and  conferred  the  court- 
ship upon  Ferrand,  who  afterward,  in  contrast  to  the  mildness  of  his  father,  made  war 
in  his  rashness  and  severity  on  the  Count  of  Flanders  in  11S5,  whom  he  defeated  and 
again  in  1214,  Aug.  29th,  Ferrand,  although  being  supported  by  King  John  of  England 
by  sea,  and  Otho.  the  Emperor  of  Germany,  by  land,  they  were  signally  defeated  and 
France  was  victorious  in  the  Battle  of  Bouvines.  July  27,  1214,  and  took  a  large  share 
of  their  provinces  and  thus  established  her  "Magna  Charta."  However  in  1302  a  force 
of  20, 0(t0  pikemen  under  Guy  of  Dampierre  inflicted  a  crushing  defeat  at  Courtrai  on  an 
army  of  50,000  French  Knights,  archers  and  foot-soldiers,  and  in  1304  Philip  4th  made 
peace  with  the  Flemish,  giving  up  his  claim  to  Flanders.  Edward  the  3rd,  married 
Philippi,  dau.  of  the  Count  of  Hainault  in  132S  and  pretending  to  have  claim  through 
his  mother  Isabella,  dau.  of  Philip  2nd,  invaded  France  and  as  commercial  relations  of 
the  court  of  Flanders,  at  Philip's  instigation,  had  been  broken  off  with  England,  he 
entered  the  blockade,  and  raising  the  siege,  defeated  the  French  fleet  in  the  harbor 
before  Sluys  in  1340  and  laid  siege  to  St.  Omer  driving  out  the  Flemish,  when  Louis  5th. 
the  German  King  and  Roman  Emperor,  came  to  their  assistance  and  finally  made  peace 
with  the  English  King  and  at  about  this  time  Louis  5th  married  Margaret,  sister  of 
Count  William  of  Holland,  and  thus  secured  the  low  countries.  They  had  served  at 
the  court  of  France  as  standard  bearers  and  had  become  famous  in  their  exploits  in  the 

26 


Standard  Bearers.     Coat  of  Anns.     St.   Helena  and   the   True   Cross.     Baldwin,   Bras  De 

Fur,  Marries  Judith,  Dau.  oj  ('has.  the  Bald.     Early  Intermarriages.     St.  Augustine  and 

Christianity  in  Britain.     Knights  of  Flanders.     King  Arthur's  Court. 

first  crusade  and  acquired  the  title  of  "lance  and  sword  of  Christendom"  and  a  "coat  of 
arms"  which  they  ever  afterward  bore  with  dignity  and  honor  on  shield  and  banner  in 
various  crusades  against  Jerusalem,  Constantinople  and  the  Holy  Land.  History  men- 
tions that  the  said  coat  of  arms  was  originally  granted  to  the  family  during  the  wars  of 
the  crusades  on  a  victorious  field  against  the  Moslems  for  the  recovery  of  the  Holy  Land. 
—C.  B.  Harvey. 

Early  in  the  4th  century,  Helena,  the  mother  of  Constantine,  through  her  son,  erected 
the  church  of  the  Holy  Sepulchre  at  Jerusalem  as  a  memorial  to  Christianity. 

The  Empress  Helena  wife  of  Constantius  Chlorus.  A.  D.  292,  was  the  mother  of 
Constantine  the  Great.  She  became  a  Christian  when  her  son  was  converted  and  dur- 
ing a  pilgrimage  to  Jerusalem  she  discovered  the  Holy  Sepulchre  and  the  true  cross  and 
she  was  afterward  canonized  as  saint. — Helena   Saint. 

In  the  career  of  St.  Ambrose  at  Milan,  for  the  cross,  and  the  glorious  series  of 
campaigns  of  Heradius.  against  the  Avers,  Saracens  and  the  Persians,  and  in  its  dis- 
covery by  St.  Helena  May  3rd,  and  its  final  recovery  Sept.  14th,  337,  it  is  remarkable 
that  the  Persians  are  reported  to  have  kept  the  cross  in  its  case  with  the  seals  unbroken, 
"long  hidden  from  mortal  sight  on  account  of  the  wickedness  of  the  times,"  had  been  so 
lately  revealed  and  reinstated,  and  the  crown  of  thorns,  which  had  been  exhibited  by 
St.  Louis  at  the  Abbey  of  St.  Denys  in  the  12th  century,  and  the  Abbey  was  pillaged  by 
Chas.  the  Bald.  King  of  Navarre,  in  1358.  In  the  genealogical  series,  864  A.  D.,  one  of 
the  family,  Audacier  or  Baldwin  1st  Bras-de-Fur,  of  the  Iron  Arm,  bold  and  courageous 
friend,  as  the  name  implies,  and  as  Knights  then  were  wont  to  do,  carried  off  and 
married  Judith,  dau.  of  Charles  the  Bald  of  Prance,  a  lady  of  easy  principles,  who  had 
been  the  wife  of  Aethelwauf,  son  and  successor  of  Egbert  and  King  of  the  west  Saxons 
of  England,  and  for  a  time  of  Aethelwarp,  son  of  Ethelbald  and  the  name  of  the  noble 
French  house  of  Montfort.  descended  from  Baldwin,  Count  of  Flanders,  and  Judith 
(Praised),  dau.  of  Chas.  the  Bald.  And  Ethelbert,  son  of  Ethelwauf.  and  King  of  Kent, 
married  Bertha,  dau.  of  Chariburt,  the  Frankish  King  of  Paris,  a  French  princess  of 
great  christian  influence,  who  converted  her  husband  by  the  help  of  St.  Augustine  and 
who  were  the  first  to  christianize  that  country. 

In  the  year  596  A.  D.,  Pope  Gregory  1st,  sent  the  monk  Augustine  with  a  band  of 
40  companions  to  teach  the  christian  faith  in  Britain,  in  whose  people  he  had  become 
interested  through  seeing  in  the  slave  market  at  Rome  some  fair  faced  captives  from 
that  remote  region. 

Ethelfred.  fourth  son  of  Ethelwauf,  married  Emma,  dau.  of  the  Norman  Duke, 
Richard  2nd  the  Fearless,  in  1002,  and  after  Ethelfred's  death  she  married  Canute  in 
1026  and  thus  became  Queen  of  England  for  the  second  time,  and  the  beginning  of  the 
causes  of  the  Norman  conquest.  She  brought  with  her  Norman  customs  and  followers, 
some  of  whom  filled  important  positions,  and  this  kindred  influence,  and  of  her:  son 
Edward  the  Confessor,  and  the  invitation  to  his  cousin  to  visit  her,  finally  led  to  the 
claim  of  her  brother  Robert,  the  second  Norman  Duke,  and  William  the  Conqueror,  his 
son.  Edward  the  Confessor  builds  Westminster  Abbey  at  the  west  end  of  London. 
1053,  which  holds  such  wealth  of  historic  kingly  dust  and  was  the  first  to  be  buried 
there  in  crypt,  Jan.  5,  1066. 

Another  kinsman.  Baldwin  the  Bald,  took  to  wife  Aelthry,  the  dau.  of  King  Alfred 
of  England,  and  a  younger  daughter,  Judith,  nut  Tostig,  bro.  of  Harold  2nd  of  England. 
Ethenbald,  King  of  Wassex,  eldest  son  of  Ethelwolf,  married  his  stepmother.  Judith  of 
France,  but  was  forced  to  abandon  that  connection  and  she  became  the  wife  of  Baldwin. 
Count  of  Flanders,  and  the  ancestress  of  Matilda,  wife  of  William  the  Conqueror,  and 
through  her  of  the  Kings  of  England. 

Earlier  in  the  5th  or  6th  centuries,  the  Knights  of  Flanders  undoubtedly  assembled 
with  the  brave  Knights,  at  the  Round  Table,  of  King  Arthur's  court  as  it  is  related, 
"strange  Knights  often  gathered  with  them,"  and  as  their  adventures  and  exploits  were 
of  both,  mostly  on  the  west  and  southwest  coast  of  England  and  crossing  the  channel  at 
straits  of  Dover  only  a  shallow  21  English  miles  intervened,  and  their  chivalry  extended 
into  the  borders  of  Brittanv.  Normandy  and  Flanders.  Also  the  Celts  and  Saxons  in 
return  made  frequent  invasions  into  Britain  at  a  very  early  period  and  were  repulsed, 
but  the  Franks,  being  at  that  time  more  independent  and  powerful  than  many  of  the 
European  rulers,  and  whose  domains  knew  no  bounds,  but  opened  into  the  arena  of  dar- 

27 


In  Days  of  Old — Two  Versions.     At  the  Court  of  France.      Norman  and  French  Bucks. 
Lille  01  Visle.  the  Old  Castle  and  Chateau  of  Du  Bin: 

ing  deeds  and  chivalrous  exploits.     From  old  Ballads — "In  Days  of  Old,"  two  versions: 

"In  days  of  old  when  Knights  were  hold  and  warriors  held  their  sway, 

For  t'was  the  way,  that  princes  gay,  no  Kings  to  fear,  or  lord  or  peer,  in  their  pursuits, 

And  ladies  fair,  of  golden  hair,  would  gather  there,  to  see  the  fray  and  cheer  or  jeer, 
Gazooks. 

With  swords  of  steel  these  Knights  infield,  to  none  did  yield  in  jousting  bouts  and  tourna- 
ments 

As  thus  arrayed,  encased  in  mail,  armed  cap-a-pie,  we  shall  agree.  Egad. 

In  books  essayed,  that  all  may  see,  and  read,  of  armor  clad  engagements  had. 

The  Knights  of  old  have  turned  to  mold,  the  maids  of  old,  long  since,  have  fled. 

No  more  to  hold  their  jousts  of  old.  as  told,  of  the  chivalrous  lives  they  led." 

"The  business  of  a  true  Knight,  first  of  all  was  to  fight  well,  then  to  conduct  a  troop 
well,  ride  a  horse  well,  and  present  himself  at  court  with  grace,"  says  the  Hist.  Saint 
Paylaye  or   Pierre,   1658-1743.     1  ater  version    (altered). 

"In  days  of  old  when  Knights  were  bold  and  barons  held  their  sway, 

A  warrior  bold  with  spurs  of  gold,  sang  merrily  his  lay.     My  love  is  young  and  fair, 

With  golden  hair  and  eyes  so  blue  and  heart  so  true,  that  none  with  her  compare, 

So  what  care  I,  though  death  be  nigh,  I'll  live  for  love  or  die.  I'll  fight  for  love,  or  for 

love  I  die. 
So  this  brave  Knight  in  armor  bright,  went  gaily  to  the  fray. 
He  fought  the  fight,  but  ere  the  night,  his  life  had  passed  away, 
The  plighted  ring  he  wore  was  crushed  and  wet  with  gore 
Yet  ere  he  died  he  bravely  cried,  I've  kept  the  vow  I  swore, 
So  what  care  I,  though  death  be  nigh,  I've  fought  for  love,  for  love  I  die." — Old  Ballad. 

At  a  later  period  they  bore  the  sword  before  the  Kings  of  France,  at  their  coronation 
and  gallantly  served  in  the  armies  of  Henry  4th  of  Navarre  both  in  Germany,  Italy  and 
Spain  in  defense  of  their  administration,  and  several  distinguished  statesmen  and 
legislators  among  the  Le  Bucks  have  appeared  at  the  court  of  France,  among  whom  were 
.lean  Baptiste  le  Buck,  born  in  Martinique  in  171V  of  a  noble  Norman  family.  He  was 
an  educator  and  diplomat  in  17Tn,  died  in  1795.  Louis  Francois  le  Buck.  French  poli- 
tician during  Napoleon's  reign  and  career,  1759  to  1X27.  Frederick  de  Buck,  diplomat 
and  statesman,  1752-1797.  ami  still  later  Jean  de  Buck  noted  botanist  and  South  Ameri- 
can orchid  hunter  of  the  Amazon,  and  "the  rare  and  interminable  collector."  in  1908  for 
Mrs.  G.  W.  Wilson  of  Philadephia.  Pa. 

The  Le  Bucks  figure  in  the  history  of  Normandy  previous  to  1200  A.  D.  A  German 
map  of  Lorraine  published  in  170S  denotes  a  village  and  a  castle  of  Boucs  at  Buckeburg 
on  the  west  side  of  the  Moselle  about  6  miles  northwest  of  Toul.  about  12  miles  from 
Thionville  and  17  north  of  Metz.  Thionville  is  a  fortified  town  of  Fiance  on  the  Moselle 
15  miles  from  Metz.  This  place  was  the  residence  of  the  Merovingian  and  Carlovingian 
Kings.  (Pop.  now  about  8.000).  In  this  and  the  castle  at  l'lsle  or  Lille,  afterwards 
capital  of  Flanders,  Liderick's  descendants  and  successors  as  Foresters  and  Counts  of 
Flanders  resided  for  several  centuries.  (Guiccardini.  Francois,  Italian  Historian,  14S2- 
1540). 

Lille,  the  Flemish  Ryssel,  ancient  capital  of  Flanders,  now  capital  of  the  department 
of  Nord,  France,  after  having  taken  part  with  the  Flemings  against  the  King  of  France, 
was  ceded  to  France  by  the  treaty  of  Utrecht  in  1312.  It  lies  on  the  north  of  Frame  in 
French  Flanders,  near  the  Belgian  line  and  frontier  and  is  strongly  fortified  with 
pentagonal  ramparts,  arsenal  and  extensive  barracks  and  citadel  with  drawbridge  and 
flooding  moat,  being  finely  situated  on  the  Deule  as  it  flows  into  the  Lys,  and  the 
Scheldt,  of  easy  water  communication  and  a  railway  center. 

The  town  was  originally  elliptical,  with  several  bridges  and  gates  in  its  outlets  to 
the  suburbs,  now  embraced  in  its  extension  and  environment.  It  is  said  to  date  its 
origin  from  the  time  Count  Baldwin  4th,  who  in  1030  surrounded  with  walls  a  little  town 
which  had  arisen  around  the  ancient  castle  of  Buc.  ("And  he  builded  a  city  and  a 
tower  and  made  himself  a  name"). 

28 


OR.  LENOX 

-IONS 


»■■ Wf     'v.* 

»  I       f-T'  -  ,»'H r^* 

1  V-L"'"; 


[Sf^5?"^ 


Chateau    d«    bttc    in  '1995.   T 


^*A^' 


order  of  the  Golden  Fleece.  Henseatic  League.  Sovereigns  of  Lille.  Ancient  and 
Modern  Lille.  Liderick  First  of  Name  Called  Bile.  Lord  of  Biie.  First  Forester  of 
Flanders.     German  Bueks.     Castle  of  Btickeberg.     origin.    Bernard  of  Hdholt.     Middle 

Ages.     Norman   French  Bucks. 

The  church  of  Notre  Dame  de  la  Treille  now  occupies  the  site  of  the  old  time 
Chateau  du  Buc,  the  original  nucleus  and  center  of  the  city,  and  the  town  house  stands 
on  the  site  of  the  old  palace  of  the  Dukes  of  Burgundy  to  whom  it  passed  in  1369,  to 
Philip  the  Bold,  and  from  which  Philip  the  Good,  on  the  eve  of  his  marriage  to  Isabella 
of  Portugal,  Jan.  10th,  1430,  held  the  first  chapters  of  the  order  of  the  "Golden  Fleece," 
naming  it  from  the  profit  he  had  made  on  wool,  and  under  whom  it  enjoyed  great  pros- 
perity, its  merchants  being  the  head  of  the  "Henseatic  League."  In  the  museums  and 
library  the  ancient  manuscripts  and  archives  of  the  12th  and  13th  centuries  are  still 
preserved  and  on  the  front  of  the  Capitol  are  to  be  seen  the  Medallions  of  all  the 
Sovereigns  who  have  successively  possessed  Lille,  from  Baldwin,  of  the  Iron  Arm  to 
Louis  14th,  and  the  campanile  contains  a  statue  of  Napoleon  made  from  cannon  taken 
at  Austerlitz  (burned  and  pillaged  by  the  Germans  May  2nd,  1916).  Now  it  has  all  the 
fine  structures,  attractions  and  advantages  of  the  older  cities  of  Europe,  and  yet  pre- 
eminently a  commercial  and  manufacturing  town,  long  known  and  celebrated  for  its 
extensive  "Mills"  of  Lisle  threads,  linens,  gloves  and  hosen,  in  which  the  inhabitants  are 
largely  engaged.  Pop.  about  163,000  in  1876.  (Enc.  Brit.  9th  Ed.,  Vol.  14,  pages  641-2). 
Guicciardine.  the  Italian  Historian  and  traveler,  1482-1540,  says  its  original  ruins  were 
extant  in  his  time,  the  portraits  of  Liderick  le  Buc  and  several  distinguished  Barons  of 
his  time,  day  and  generation  hung  in  the  Mnsee  Moillet  of  Lille.  The  entry  in  the  old 
Flemish  chronicle  is  as  follows:  "Liderick,  the  first  of  the  name  called  Buc,  only  son 
of  Saluart,  Prince  of  Dijon  and  of  Madam  Eringarde,  dau.  of  Gerarde,  Lord  of  Roussilon, 
having  conquered  and  killed  Phinart  the  tyrant,  Lord  of  Buc,  was  appointed  the  first 
Forester  of  the  country  of  Flanders  in  the  year  621  A.  D.,  by  the  King  of  France. 
Dagobert,  and  carried  the  first  arms  that  are  blazoned  as  being  garonny  or  at  azur 
(gold  and  blue)  of  ten  pieces  in  the  middle  of  an  escutcheon,  gules,'  died  in  the  year  692." 
This  coat  probably  was  one  of  the  earliest  granted.  Dagobert  was  appointed  King  of 
Austrasia  by  Clotaire,  his  vassals  were  the  counts,  signeurs,  and  lords,  their  rights 
were  hereditary  and  irrevocable,  to  whom  Clotaire  had  before  made  concessions. 

The  ie  Bucs  were  of  Teutonic  or  Indo-Germanic  origin  and  we  find  a  few  of  their 
descendants  have  been  left  to  flourish  there.  In  science  Jerome  Bock,  a  distinguished 
botanist  of  Heidsbach,  1539  to  1584;  Leopold  von  Buch,  an  eminent  German  geologist 
and  geographer  born  at  Stolps  in  Pomerania,  April  25,  1774.  died  1853;  August  Bockh.  a 
German  philanthropist  and  antiquarian,  17X5-1X67,  and  Heronymus  Bock  or  I.e  Boucq, 
a  German  botanist,  born  at  Heidsbach  in  1408.  was  one  of  the  promoters  of  botanical 
science  in  his  time.  Died  in  1554.  And  the  castle  of  Buckeburg,  the  first  houses  began 
to  gather  around  the  castle  about  1365,  and  it  was  not  till  the  17th  century  that  the 
town  was  surrounded  with  walls,  which  are  well  built  with  5  gates,  and  the  castle 
restored.  It  is  now  the  capital  of  the  Principality  and  Grand  Duchy  of  Oldenburg. 
Buckeburg,  Lippe,  being  situated  at  the  foot  of  the  Hamburg,  on  the  river  Aue  about 
6  ms,  from  Minden,  on  the  Minden  and  Hanover  Railway,  with  a  pop.  of  5,000.  There 
is  also  a  very  old  church  there  now,  bearing  this  appropriate  inscription  over  the  door, 
"Religiouis  non  structurae  exemplum."  (This  structure  is  dedicated  to  all  seeking 
religious  rites  as  a  worthy  example). 

The  district  now  named  Lippe  was  inhabited  in  the  earliest  times  of  which  we  have 
any  record  by  the  Cherusci  whose  leader  Arminius  annihilated  the  legions  of  Varus  in 
the  Teuto-burgian  forest,  9  A.  D.  It  was  afterward  occupied  by  the  Saxons  and  was 
subdued  by  Charlemagne.  The  founder  of  the  present  reigning  family,  one  of  the  most 
ancient  in  Germany,  was  Bernard  1st,  112S-5S,  who  received  a  grant  of  the  territory,  till 
then  called  the  courtship  of  Haholt,  from  the  Emperor  Lothaire  and  assumed  the  title 
of  Lord  of  Lippe. 

During  the  middle  ages  the  Foresters  made  frequent  incursions  by  sea  and  by  land 
into  England  with  the  Franks  and  the  Normans,  but  those  who  settled  in  Normandy  or 
frequented  the  borders  of  France  discarded  the  rustic  Latin  or  Norman  French  of  the 
older  inhabitants,  the  parent  of  the  modern  French  language,  and  being  so  closely 
related  and  enamored  naturally  took  to  French  society  and  French  institutions, 
"Leliaerts."  vervasity,  and  became  as  christians,  adopted  the  French  language  and 
tempered  their  rough  and  quarrelsome  bravery  with  the  fine  knightly,  versatile  manners, 
like  those  of  southern  France.  Norman  French  was  the  official  language  largely  used 
in  England  to  the  reign  of  Edward  3rd.     However,  it  was  these  people  who  afterward 

29 


William  the  Conqueror.  Matilda,  Dan.  of  Henry  1st.  Matilda,  Dau.  of  Baldwin  5th.  The 
Conquest.  Battle  Looey.  Gilbert  Tie  Gant.  Wm.  De  Percy,  Lieut,  of  the  Marches. 
Bayeux    Tapestry.    Confiscation,    Devastation,    Settlement.    Henry    1st.    Powys    Castle. 

under  William  the  Conqueror,  son  of  Robert,  Duke  of  Normandy,  claiming  that  the 
crown  was  his  by  the  will  of  Edward  the  Confessor,  crossed  to  England  and  gained, 
"Dei  gratia"  (by  the  splendor  or  Grace  of  God),  the  Kingdom  in  the  decisive  battle  of 
Senlac  or  Hastings,  Oct,  14th,  10G6,  on  Battle  Hill,  now  Battle  Abbey,  the  birthplace  of 
English  History,  a  gray  ruin  overgrown  with  ivy;  and  shared  through  Matilda,  dau.  of 
Henry  1st  of  England  and  wife  of  Geoffrey  of  Anjou  (Plantaganet)  and  earlier  inter- 
marriages the  English  throne  with  William  the  Conqueror,  who  married,  Nov.  2nd, 
1052,  Matilda,  bn.  about  in:',],  dau.  of  Baldwin  5th,  Earl  of  Flanders,  a  descendant  of 
Alfred  the  Great.  S49-901. 

In  the  early  summer  of  1066,  William  1st  gathered  his  vassals  and  allies  from 
Flanders.  Ponthiew.  Brittany.  Sicily  (the  Island  of  Sicily  had  been  settled  by  the 
Flemish)  and  all  the  other  regions  whither  the  Norman  blood,  or  the  Norman  spirit,  had 
penetrated,  to  sail  for  the  conquest  of  England.  Gilbert  de  Gant.  a  Flemish  noble,  son 
of  Baldwin  6th,  Earl  of  Flanders,  and  nephew  of  William  the  Conqueror  led  a  large 
body  of  Flemish  Knights,  under  his  uncle  William  1st  along  with  William  de  Percy, 
a  namesake  of  Normandy  and  Baldwin,  a  brother-in-law,  Lieut,  of  the  Marches,  who 
fought  at  Hastings,  and  other  followers,  for  which  service  he  gave  them  54  Townships 
in  several  counties,  principally  York  and  Lincolnshire.  This  is  the  same  Gant  who  so 
distinguished  himself  under  Edgar  Atheling,  a  protector,  at  York,  1075.  He  died  in  the 
reign  of  Rufus  the  Red  and  his  bravery  descended  to  his  son  Walter  in  ruling  the  host. 

The  representation  of  these  figures  and  events  was  well  shown  at  the  time  in  the 
"Bayeux  Tapestry."  The  work  is  said  to  have  been  stitched  by  Queen  Matilda,  the  wife 
of  William  the  Conqueror,  she  died  in  1083,  or  of  the  Empress  Matilda,  dau.  of  Henry  1st, 
who  died  in  1107.     It  is  preserved  in  the  public  library  at  Bayeux,  Normandy.  France. 

William  the  Norman  Conqueror  upon  entering  England  confiscated  and  seized  upon 
the  estates;  of  the  noblemen  who  died  in  battle  or  fought  against  him  and  gave  to  his 
own  Norman  Knights  and  Nobles,  thus  rewarding  his  followers  with  the  richest  and 
fairest  estates  of  the  conquered  Saxon  Kingdoms  and  the  highest  offices  in  church  and 
state  were  thus  taken  away  and  bestowed  upon  the  Normans.  And  to  insure  their  sub- 
mission, the  Saxon  people  were  despoiled  and  reduced  to  the  condition  of  serfs.  Many 
great  families  of  the  present  time  acquired  their  lands  in  this  way  and  to  maintain  and 
defend  had  to  build  castles  all  over  England  as  strongholds  and  institute  a  system  of 
feudalism  for  their  protection.  He  divided  all  tluse  lands  not  reserved  for  himself  into 
seven  hundred  baronies  or  great  fiefs  which  he  bestowed  upon  his  relatives,  friends  and 
those  who  had  rendered  him  signal  service.  He  laid  waste  and  depopulated  a  tract  of 
30  miles  around  Winchester  for  his  palace  and  new  forest  for  his  hunting  grounds  in 
1079.  and  the  fertile  country  in  Hampshire  and  Yorkshire  extending  60  miles  north 
of  the  Humber  was  ruthlessly  laid  waste  and  took  many  years  to  recover  and   settle. 

William  the  1st  strengthened  by  his  alliance  with  Flanders  in  his  marriage  with 
Matilda,  dau.  of  Count  Baldwin  5th,  and  a  descendant  of  Alfred  the  Great,  showed  him- 
self more  than  a  match  for  all  his  enemies  and  aside  from  a  feudal  sovereign  devoted 
to  the  chase,  perhaps  he  was  the  strongest  and  most  absolute  monarch  that  has  ever 
sat  on  the  English  throne.  In  private  life  he  displayed  domestic  virtues  and  his  fidelity 
to  his  wife  was  exceptional  in  the  annals  of  his  house  and  time.  A  gray  marble  slab 
marks  the  grave  of  the  great  Conqueror  and  his  wife  Matilda  who  died  Nov.  2nd,  1083, 
aged  52,  and  lie  buried  at  Caen,  Normandy,  near  Bayeux  and  Falaise,  in  Calvados, 
France,  amid  the  scenes  of  their  early  life  and  the  land  of  their  nativity.  He  was  born 
in  1027,  and  died  in  1087,  at  60  years  of  age. 

Henry  1st,  fourth  and  youngest  son  of  William  the  1st  and  Matilda,  dau.  of  Bald- 
win 5th  of  Flanders,  frequently  employed  large  numbers  of  the  Knights  of  Flanders  to 
assist  him  to  subdue  the  north  and  west  country  and  in  repelling  the  Scots  and  Welsh. 
On  one  occasion  in  1111  he  colonized  a  number  of  them  in  Pembroke  and  later  in 
Northumbria  as  outposts  for  his  safety,  and  a  system  of  Norman  Keeps  was  established 
for  protection  and  he  made  two  expeditions  into  Wales  in  1114  and  1121,  in  which  he 
conquered  several  Saxon  chieftains  and  strongholds. 

Powys  Castle  was  founded  by  Baldwin,  Lieut,  of  the  Marches  to  William  the  Con- 
queror, in  1108,  to  overawe  the  Welsh.  The  country  bordering  on  England  was  then 
called  Powys,  named  after  Lord  Powys  and  governed  by  the  Lords  of  Powys.  to  the 
time  of  Owen  Glendower,  Prince  of  North  Wales,   1354-1415. 

30 


Walter,  Rudolphus   and   Grocelius   Le  Buck.     Bridlington  Priory.     Walter  he   Buck   at 

Runnymede.     Filey  Lordship  Lawrence  Slain  in  Battle  of  Agineourt.     Sir  John.  Son  and 

Heir.     Queen    Catherine   Parr.     Parr   Family   Relationship.     Sudley   Castle. 

Lucia,  dan.  of  the  first  Lord  Powys  and  his  wife  Castara,  md.  William  Habington, 
lyric  poet,  1605-1654,  of  Hendlip,  Worcestershire,  in  1632,  was  a  decendant  of  the  later 
English  Lord  of  Pembroke.  The  castle  of  Gilbert  de  Clare,  1st  Lord,  was  at  Pembroke 
in  the  14th  century. 

Walter,  son  of  Gilbert  de  Gant.  Rudolphus  and  his  son  and  Grocelius  le  Buck 
(according  to  William  Camden,  Eng.  Ant.,  1551-1623  and  Hist.  Britannia)  were  joint 
founders  of  the  famous  Priory  or  Church  of  St.  Mary  at  Bridlington  in  Yorkshire  for 
which  Henry,  for  their  relationship  and  the  love  he  bore  them,  granted  them  a  charter. 
( Dugdale's  Monastican,  vol  6,  page  785).  In  the  reign  over  England,  says  Roger 
Wendower,  one  Walter  le  Buck  of  Barbant  a  lineal  descendant  of  Liderick  le  Buc,  first 
forester  of  Flanders,  was  a  knight  and  cadet  of  the  house  of  Flanders. 

Walter  le  Buck  of  Barbant  came  to  King  John's  assistance  in  1216,  and  Henry  of 
Huntington,  early  Eng.  Hist.,  1195-1243,  says  Lord  le  Buck  was  present  at  Runnymede, 
in  the  famous  meadow  near  Egham,  between  Windsor  and  Staines,  20  miles  south  west 
of  London  (an  island  near  or  on  the  south  bank  of  the  Thames  in  Surrey)  with  the 
2,000  armed  knights  and  barons,  the  nobility  of  England,  under  their  general,  Robert 
Fitz  Walter,  on  the  15th  of  June,  1215,  the  occasion  of  the  signing  of  the  "Magna  Charta" 
by  King  John. 

William  de  Percy  appears  to  have  been  the  Baronial  Lord  of  Filey  in  the  reign  of 
Stephen  or  Henry  1st.  Gilbert  de  Gant,  eldest  son  of  Walter,  succeeded  to  the  posses- 
sions of  his  father.  Ralph  de  Nevil  gave  half  a  carucate  of  land  to  Bridlington  Priory 
(about  50  acres).  Ralph,  son  of  Ralph  gave  the  stone  of  his  quarry  towards  it.  Sir 
John  Ripley  and  John  de  Bridlington  were  connected  with  the  priory.  It  appears  in  the 
"Bridlington  Register"  that  the  Buckes  were  in  the  15th  century  proprietors  of  that 
part  of  Filey  lordship  which  stands  in  the  North  Riding,  Yorkshire.  Their  mansion 
house  stood  on  the  north  side  of  the  church,  the  site  of  which  is  yet  indicated  by  earth 
works.  Amaldus,  son  of  Walter  de  Gaunt,  was  a  patron  of  Bridlington  Augustinian 
Priory  from  1291  to  1303.  This  Walter,  a  relative  of  the  Conqueror,  founded  the  Priory 
at  Bridlington,  now  Burlington,  and  presented  it  with  large  possessions.  Elizabeth 
(wid.)  Buck  buried  in  the  Quire  of  the  parish  church  of  Filey,  Dec.  29,  IOCS  (prob. 
wife  of  the  rector.  Rev.  John  or  James),  "Hist,  of  Filey,  Co.  of  York,  by  John  Cole  Scar- 
borough, 1828,  page  30."  This  spacious  and  magnificent  edifice  built  in  the  early  Gothic 
and  perpendicular  style,  suffered  in  the  reign  of  Henry  8th.  when  he  destroyed  the 
Monasteries  in  15:19,  before  placed  under  the  jurisdiction  of  the  Priors  by  Henry  1st, 
and  only  the  fortified  gatehouse  and  nave  are  left  to  mark  its  former  site  and  extensive 
grounds,  followed  by  the  parish  church  of  St.  Mary's,  of  Robert  Boyle,  Earl  of  Bridling- 
ton, 1650,  and  William  Kent,  landscape  gardener,  founder  of  the  English  style,  in  1700, 
of  "topiary,"  or  formal  and  fanciful  shapes  given  to  trees  and  hedges  in  ornamental 
gardening. 

Sir  John  Buck,  son  and  heir  of  Lawrence,  who  was  slain  in  the  battle  of  Agineourt, 
in  time  of  Henry  5th,  who  invaded  France  with  7  or  S,000  men  and  won  the  battle  of 
Agineourt  between  Crecey  and  Calais  on  Friday,  Oct.  25th,  1415,  married  a  daughter  of 
the  house  of  Stavley  out  of  which  were  descended  the  Barons  Parr  of  Kendall  and  Ross, 
Queen  Catherine  Parr,  widow  of  Lord  Latimer,  an  English  Nobleman,  a  lady  of  beauty, 
tart,  wit  and  christian  intelligence.  Lord  Parr  was  Earl  of  Northampton  and  a  Planta- 
ganet.  Catherine  Parr,  the  0th  and  last  wife  of  Henry  8th,  md.  1543,  was  the  dan.  of 
Sir  Thos.  Parr,  was  born  in  1513  at  Kendal,  md.  1st,  lord  Burgh,  2nd,  Lord  Latimer,  3rd, 
Henry  8th,  July  12th,  1543.  After  Henry's  death,  Jan.  28,  1547,  she  md.  Sir  Thos.  Sey- 
mour in  1547  and  died  the  following  year.  Thomas  Parr,  English  centenarian.  1483-1635, 
very  old  man.  born  in  England.  Parr's  first  marriage  took  place  in  his  81st  year  anil  his 
second  when  he  was  120.  Is  said  to  have  had  a  love  affair  at  105,  to  have  worked  in 
the  fields  till  132,  and  lived  20  years  longer.  He  died  in  London,  at  152,  and  is  buried  in 
Westminster  Abbey.  Dr.  Samuel  Parr,  L.  L.  D.,  was  born  Jan.  15,  1747,  at  Harrow-on- 
the-Hill,  Middlesex,  settled  at  Hatton  in  Warwickshire,  1786,  died  Mar.  6,  1825.  Dr.  Parr 
a  celebrated  philologist,  called  the  "Orientalist"  of  London,  was  a  descendant.  An- 
other very  old  man  of  that  era  was  Henry  Jenkins,  English  centenarian  and  sea  captain, 
1501-1670^  aged  169. 

Among  the  interesting  relics  of  the  Middle  Ages  is  the  restored  castle  of  Sudley, 
near   Winchcombe,    Gloucestershire,    a   manor    house    before    the    Conquest,    a   baronial 

31 


Country  Seats.  Buck  Descendants.  Manor  of  Yeovel.  Reign  of  Henri/  8th,  "Defender  of 
the  Faith."  Reformation.  George  Finlay  and  fohn  Barbour,  Rudolphus  and  Walter  Le 
Buck.     Domains  at  Button.  Easton,  Yorkshire.     Ralph.  .Son  of  Walter,  marries  Margaret 

Le  Buik. 

castle  in  the  days  of  Stephen  and  the  home  in  succession  of  the  Botlers,  Seymours, 
Queen  Catherine  Parr  and  the  Candors  family.  "Wimbledon  Manor,"  with  Bristow  Park 
as  an  appendage,  was  settled  in  1540  by  Henry  8th  on  Catherine  Parr  for  life.  After 
passing  through  many  hands  the  house  was  destroyed  by  fire  in  1785  and  a  new  house 
called  "Wimbledon  Park  House"  erected  in  1801.  Wimbledon  is  a  suburb  of  London  in 
Surrey  Co.,  7%  miles  S.  W.  of  London  on  the  London  and  South  Western  Railway. 

These  Bucks'  descendants  resided  chiefly  in  Herthall  and  other  townships  in  York- 
shire and  from  intermarriage  with  the  Herberts,  early  of  Pembroke  and  Montgomery,  the 
Sturly  family  of  Woodhall,  Thorpe  and  Finlay  of  Lincolnshire,  and  Saville  ( a  Yorkshire 
Baronet  of  ancient  Halifax  family)   from  which  many  noble  families  have  descended. 

The  "Manor  of  Yeovel"  in  Henford,  between  Somerset  and  Dorset  was  settled  by 
Henry  8th  on  Catherine  Parr  who  held  it  till  her  death  in  1548.  It  is  40  miles  S.  W. 
of  Chester  and  124  S.  W.  of  London,  a  market  town  on  the  Yeovel  River.  She  persuaded 
Henry  to  restore  the  right  of  succession  to  his  daughters  and  interested  herself  on  be- 
half of  the  universities  which  he  had  established. 

The  reign  of  Henry  8th,  first  of  the  Tudor  Kings  of  England,  "The  Defender  of  the 
Faith"  from  the  Roman  Catholic,  which  he  subverted  and  corrected  in  a  reformation 
and  was  thus  instrumental  in  laying  the  foundation  of  the  Church  of  England  and  the 
Protestant  religion  and  was  upon  the  whole  conducted  on  wise  and  pacific  principles  and 
beneficial  to  his  country  and  gave  an  opportunity  for  the  nation  to  flourish  by  the  de- 
velopment of  its  internal  resources. 

A  noted  descendant  George  Finlay,  "The  Historian  of  Greece,"  son  of  Major  John 
Finlay,  R.  E.,  F.  R.  S.,  born  at  Feversham,  Kent,  Eng.,  21st  Dec,  1799,  died  at  Athens, 
Greece,  26th  Jan.,  1875,  spent  the  best  of  nearly  his  whole  life  in  association  and  in- 
vestigation in  Greece  and  Athens,  Italy  and  Rome  and  wrote  "The  Hellenic  Kingdom 
and  the  Greek  Nation."  London,  1836,  "from  its  Conquest  by  the  Romans  until  the  Ex- 
tinction of  the  Roman  Empire  of  the  East."  John  Barbour,  Scottish  poet  and  historian. 
1316-1395.  Archdeacon  of  Aberdeen  in  1385.  wrote  a  translation  of  a  "Mediaeval  romance 
of  the  Trojan  war"  of  nearly  3.000  lines,  printed  by  Dr.  Hortsmann,  as  edited  by  Rev. 
W.  W.  Skeat  for  the  Early  Eng.  Text  Soc,  1869-75.  It  comprehends  a  genealogical 
history  of  the  Kings  of  Scotland,  deducting  their  origin  from  the  great  Mediaeval  hero 
Brutus,  son  of  Ascanius  and  grandson  of  Aeneas,  supposed  to  have  been  first  King  of 
Britain,  as  taken  largely  from  the  earlier  Brute  (731  A.  D. )  Troy  Book  by  John  Lydgate, 
Eng.  poet  1375-1461,  who  had  both  French  and  Latin  texts  before  him  and  founded  on 
the  Historia  Trojana  of  Guido  di  Colonna,  a  Sicilian  historian  and  jurisi  of  the  13th 
century. 

Rudolphus  Le  Buck  a  scion  of  the  family  under  Henry  lst's  standard  early  in  his 
reign.  For  gallant  services  on  the  field  of  battle  Henry  granted  Rudolphus  extensive  do- 
mains north  of  the  Humber  at  Bucton,  Eston  and  other  localities  in  the  Wapentake  of 
Bucrosis  in  Yorkshire  where  his  descendants  became  numerous  and  still  flourish.  "Wa- 
pentake," a  military  division  of  land,  particularly  in  Yorkshire,  instead  of  hundreds  as 
used  in  some  other  northern  counties.  (From  Weapon,  see  Web.  Diet.)  The  ferry 
across  the  Humber  from  London  to  Hull  was  at  Barton-on-Humber.  It  was  surrounded 
by  a  rampart  and  fosse  as  a  protection  against  the  Danes  and  Saxons.  The  Humber  is 
navigable  for  ships,  it  being  a  conservation  or  estuary  of  the  river  Ouse  and  takes  its 
name  from  the  rumbling  or  "humming"  of  its  waters  at  the  ebbing  and  flowing  of  the 
tide. 

King  John  (1199-1216)  prevailed  upon  Walter  Le  Buck  to  settle  in  England  and  as 
a  reward  for  services  as  well  as  an  inducement  to  get  such  a  brave  Knight  to  become  a 
subject  of  England  John  gave  Walter  extensive  tracts  of  land  in  York  and  Lincolnshire. 
Walter  married  Griselda  of  Barbank  and  Lord  Walter,  his  son  md.  about  1200.  built  his 
seat  or  residence  at  Halton  in  Yorkshire  and  had  several  children.  Ralph,  the  eldest 
son  and  heir,  became  attached  to  his  cousin  in  Flanders,  and  although  not  disposed  at 
first  from  their  relationship,  yet  through  the  solicitations  of  his  father  and  mediation  of 
the  King,  finally  brought  over  the  fair  Maud  or  Margaret,  dau.  and  only  child  and  heir 
of  Goclinus  and  Elfrida  Le  Buck  of  Flanders,  son  of  Rudolphus  and  Gerharldine  ( or 
Gretchen)  of  Audenarde.  and  thus  after  several  centuries  the  two  branches  of  the  family 
became  united.  From  these  two  branches  it  is  said  are  descended  nearly  all  the  Bucks 
in  England  and  this  country  as  far  as  known.     ( C.  B.  Harvey  and  others). 

('icily  Neville,  youngest  dau.  of  Ralph,  first  Earl  of  Westmoreland,  md.  Richard. 
Duke  of  York  3rd,  son  of  Edward  3rd,  and  Phillipi,  dau.  of  the  Count  of  Hainault.  and 

32 


Descendants  of  Ralph.  Immediate  Descendants.  Bucks  of  England  in  t27S.  Walter  and 
Ralph's  Descendants.     Sir  John.     Win.  and  Edric  at  Bucton  and  Easton.     The  Wallers  of 

England. 

who  had  the  Rightful  claim  to  the  throne  usurped  by  Henry  6th  who  in  1414.  mil. 
Margaret  of  Anjou,  but  was  killed  in  the  Wars  ot  the  Roses  between  the  York  and 
Lancaster  houses  at  the  Battle  of  Wakefield  Green  Dec.  30th,  1460.  and  his  eldest  son 
Earl  of  March  md.  1st,  Elizabeth,  dau.  of  Richard  Woodville,  Lord  Rivers,  and  2nd, 
Isabella,  eldest  dau.  of  Earl  of  Warwick,  1470,  succeeded  to  the  throne  as  Edward  4th. 
1461. 

Richard's  early  marriage  allied  him  to  a  powerful  family  in  the  north  of  England 
to  whose  support  both  he  and  his  sons  were  greatly  indebted.  Richard,  second  son, 
Duke  of  Gloster,  md.  Anne,  dau.  of  Richard  Neville,  Earl  of  Warwick,  and  succeeded  to 
the  throne  in  1483  as  Richard  3rd.  The  other  son,  George,  Duke  of  Clarence,  md.  Mary, 
dau.  of  the  Earl  of  Warwick.  He  died  in  147S.  Annie  md.  the  Duke  of  Exeter,  and 
Elizabeth  md.  the  Duke  of  Suffolk. 

Note.  During  the  30  years  internal  "Wars  of  the  Roses"  between  the  rival  York 
and  Lancaster  houses  in  13  pitched  battles,  ending  in  Bosworthfield,  1,485  more  people 
were  slain  than  in  the  preceding  40  years  with  France  in  the  single  battle  of  Towton, 
Yorkshire,  1461,  when  30,000  were  slain  and  80  princes  of  the  blood  royal  and  over  hall 
of  the  nobility  perished,  every  one  of  two  families  of  the  great  houses  of  Somerset  and 
Warwick  fell  either  on  the  field  or  in  pursuit  by  the  victorious  Yorkists.  In  tracing 
family  pedigrees  it  is  startling  to  see  how  often  the  records  read,  "Killed  at  St.  Albans 
1845;  Beheaded  after  Battle  of  Wakefield,  146(1";  or  "Slain  at  Towton,  1461";  and  the 
like,  which  deluged  England  with  blood  and  in  which  the  ancient  nobility  of  the  realm 
were  almost  annihilated  and  the  Barons  sank  into  obscurity.  ( Gicest's  Eng.  Hist.  Lec- 
tures ) . 

Immediate  descendants  of  Ralph.  Rudolphus  and  Walter  Le  Buck,  Knights  of  the 
Counts  of  Flanders  in  England,  are  landowners  in  1273  as  follows,  viz.:  Of  Bucks  in 
Yorkshire:  Roger  and  Henry,  in  Balberg,  Suffolk  Co.;  John,  in  the  Hundred  of  Hunt- 
ington Amicia  (Hundreds,  divisions  of  counties);  at  Chilton,  Margaret;  at  Lyttonston 
and  Brompton,  Richard;  at  Brompton,  Robert,  William  and  Nicholas;  in  Wiltshire,  Hugo, 
Peter  and  Ellen;  in  Bucks  Castro  (Castle)  at  Halton,  Walter  (Bucks  or  Buckingham 
Co.);  at  Hingham,  in  Norfolk  Co.;  Edric  and  Sir  John  Le  Buck,  Knights  of  Rhodes, 
whose  lands  are  located  and  rated  in  Bucktown  in  Yorkshire. 

This  roll  was  made  by  order  of  King  Edward  1st  for  the  rights  and  revenues  of 
the  Crown  after  his  return  from  the  Crusades  in  1273.  From  these  families  they  in- 
creased and  became  numerous.  Lord  Walter  was  seated  at  Buck's  Castro  or  Castle  at 
Halton  with  his  domains  at  Buckland.  Margaret,  widow  of  Ralph,  with  their  children, 
was  at  Chilton,  all  near  together  near  Aylesbury,  middlewest  side  Bucks  Co.,  in  Chilton 
Hills,  Midland  Railway.  Robert  was  at  St.  Cuthbert  parish,  Wiltshire,  in  1286.  Thomas, 
son  of  Thomas,  Henry  and  William  was  at  Buston  in  1320.  William  was  at  Scarboro, 
Yorkshire,  and  Rudolphus  was  at  Yorkshire  in  1323.  From  Robert  at  Brompton  descended 
the  Talbots  of  Groton  from  which  descended  the  Barons  of  Hingham  and  Colton,  the 
Baron  of  Montjoy  and  the  Earl  of  Shrewsbury. 

Sir  John  Le  Buck  lived  in  the  time  and  reign  of  Edward  1st.  near  Edric.  Their 
family  seats  were  at  Bucton  and  Eston.  He  married  a  Streally,  who  died  young.  He 
then  entered  the  Knights  of  Rhodes  and  became  Admiral  of  the  Flemish  fleet  in  1387. 
His  arms  were  in  the  hospital  of  St.  John  near  Smithfield,  established  1033  to  1516. 
William  and  Edric  were  also  of  Bucton.  Edric  afterward  becoming  a  Knight.  We  find 
him  at  Peel  tower,  Yanwith  (Westmoreland  S.  E.  on  Yorkshire  border)  and  Castle 
Rushen,  Castletown,  Isle  of  Man  and  Rhodes  later  in  13th  century.  Walter  d'Essex,  first 
Earl,  1571,  in  the  Devereux  line,  and  created  Knight  of  the  Garter,  1572,  in  time  of  Queen 
Elizabeth's  reign,  English  statesman  and  general,  1541-1576,  succeeding  William  Parr, 
Earl  of  Essex,  1540-1570. 

Walter  of  Hilton,  Monk  of  Scheme  (Sheen)  in  Surrey  Co.,  flourished  in  the  15th 
century,  wrote  in  1438,  "De  Musica  Ecclesiastica,"  a  new  church  musical,  published  in 
1559  at  Oxford  and  universally  adopted.  Tintern  Abbey,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Wye 
in  Monmouthshire,  was  founded  by  Walter  de  Clare  in  1131  for  the  Cisterian  Monks  and 
dedicated  to  St.  Marv.  Walter  of  Hemmingburgh.  a  Friar  and  writer  of  the  early 
Britons  and  Anglo-Norman  poet  and  chronicler  of  the  Plantagenets  and  who  wrote  in 
French  1112  to  11S4.  Walter  of  Cantelupe.  a  statesman  of  a  Norman  Baronial  House 
in  England  in  time  of  Edward  1st,   1272-1307.     Walter  of  Exeter,   Essex,  a  Franciscan 

33 


Romance  of  Guy  of  Warwick  Castle.     Story  of  Danish  Conquest.     Earl  of  Warwick,  "King 

Maker."    Domains.     Monks.     Reign    of   Edward    1st.    -The    Great    Plantagenet."     Fairs, 

Etc.     Old  Buckingham  Church  and  Castle.  Seat  of  Bucks  Near  Old  Hingham. 

Monk  of  the  13th  century,  wrote  the  celebrated  "Romance  of  Guy  of  Warwick  Castle," 
situated  18  miles  east  of  Birmingham,  printed  in  London  by  William  Copeland  in  1565, 
which  was  immensely  popular  at  that  time,  being  a  story  of  the  Danish  Conquest  when 
the  great  Canute  in  1026,  A.  D.,  swooped  down  on  England.  It  dates  from  the  battle 
of  Brunanburh,  937,  between  the  British  King  Athelstan.  son  of  Edward  the  Elder,  and 
the  Scots  and  Danes,  in  which  a  league  of  the  northern  Kings  against  Athelstan  and 
Eldred  the  Terrible  was  dispersed  by  the  great  victory  of  937  by  the  hero  Sir  Guy  for 
the  Earl  of  Warwick  of  the  famous  English  legend,  one  of  the  most  ancient  and  popular 
of  the  early  English  metrical  romances. 

The  hero,  Sir  Guy  of  Warwick  Castle,  is  the  son  of  Segard,  steward  of  Rohand,  at- 
tendant of  the  Earl  of  Warwick.  His  instructor  in  the  exercises  of  chivalry  is  the 
famous  Herand  of  Ardenne.  In  this  story  he  celebrates  his  surpassing  prowess  and  the 
wonderful  achievements  by  which  he  obtained  the  hand  of  his  lady  love,  the  Fair  Felice 
or  l'hillis,  the  Earl's  dau.,  as  well  as  the  adventures  he  subsequently  met  with  in  a  pil- 
grimage to  the  Holy  Land  and  on  his  return  home  for  her  sake.  Sir  Ralph  Grey  was  at 
Bamborough  Castle  in  Warwick  in  1462  during  the  Wars  of  the  Roses,  1455-1485,  in 
which  a  later  Earl  of  Warwick,  1428-1471,  was  called  the  "King  Maker,"  the  last  of  the 
Barons  who  held  110  manors  in  21  counties  besides  the  city  of  Worcester  and  the  Is- 
lands of  Jersey,  Alderney,  and  Stark  and  various  places  in  Wales,  which  his  widow 
made  over  to  Henry  8th  after  his  death,  leaving  the  Earl  of  Warwick  8,263  acres  in  1783. 
From  this  nobleman's  bounty,  no  less  than  30,000  persons  are  said  to  have  lived  daily  at 
his  board  in  the  different  manors  and  castles  which  he  possessed  in  England  and  his 
daughters  were  all  married  to  princes  of  the  realm  as  his  virtues,  devotion  and  bravery 
overawed  the  crown. 

The  Monks  of  those  days  were  generally  the  only  scholars.  They  were  learned  in 
many  ways.  Having  to  construct  their  own  convents  and  monasteries  on  uncultivated 
grounds  granted  to  them  by  the  crown,  it  was  essential  they  should  be  good  farmers  and 
gardeners  for  improvement  and  maintenance  and  support  and  good  mechanics  and 
artizans  for  the  comfort  of  their  dormitories  and  refrectories  and  the  decoration  of  their 
chapels  and  being  alone  in  solitary  places  it  was  necessary  in  sickness  they  should  study 
the  virtues  of  plants  and  herbs  and  know  how  to  set  and  dress  broken  limbs  in  case  of 
accident.  Accordingly  they  taught  themselves  and  one  another  a  great  variety  of  use- 
ful arts  and  sciences  and  became  skilled  in  agriculture,  medicine,  surgery  and  handi- 
craft and  from  their  visitations,  sojourneys  of  travelers,  interpretations  of  manuscripts 
and  schools  of  learning  and  literature  finally  became  a  source  of  revenue  and  endowment 
which  culminated  in  the  masters  and  scholars  of  Merton  College  in  Oxford,  and  Peter- 
house  in  Cambridge. 

It  was  in  1272,  of  Edward  1st,  "The  Great  Plantagenet,"  whose  talented  and  il- 
lustrious reign  is  remarkable  for  the  progress  which  was  made  in  it  toward  the  settle- 
ment of  the  laws  and  constitution  and  in  the  general  intelligence  and  social  culture  of 
the  people  and  the  foreign  trade  carried  on  chiefly  with  Flanders  and  largely  at  Fairs 
which  often  continued  for  more  than  a  fortnight  and  were  attended  by  vast  crowds  of 
people  sometimes  equalling  the  population  of  large  cities. 

The  Plantagenets  were  a  Dynasty  of  English  Kings  founded  by  Henry  2nd,  1154, 
and  ending  with  Richard  3rd,  14S5,  taking  its  name  from  the  Plantain  or  Amaranth,  a 
(lower  that  never  fades. 

In  old  Buckingham  near  old  Hingham  in  Buckhamshire  or  Bucks  Co..  Eng.,  58 
miles  from  London  by  the  North  Western  Railway,  is  an  old  Church  of  freestone  built 
in  the  18th  century  with  a  handsome  spire  150  feet  high  which  was  restored  and  ex- 
tended in  1725.  when  a  third  part  of  the  town  was  burned  to  the  ground,  and  also  stand- 
ing on  the  site  of  the  "old  castle  of  Bucks."  The  town  consists  primarily  of  one  long 
street  of  ancient  brick  houses  straggling  over  the  whole  semi-rural  borough,  mostly  on 
the  west  bank  of  the  river  Ouse.  which  surrounds  it  on  every  side  except  the  north  and 
which  is  crossed  by  three  bridges. 

It  was  fortified  with  earthern  ramparts  by  Edward  the  Elder  in  918  and  in  1010  was 
captured  by  the  Danes.  Edward  the  Elder,  was  greatly  assisted  in  his  achievements 
by  his  heroic  sister  Ethelfledia,  widow  of  the  Earl  of  Mercia  and  dau.  of  Alfred  the 
Great.     It  was  afterward  retaken  by  the  Saxons  and  Normans.     It  is  mentioned  as  an 


34 


The  Doomsday  Hook.  st.  Dunstan.  .\hhot  of  Glastonbury.  Benedictine  Order.  Vener- 
able  Bede.     Suppression  of  Monasteries.     Alfred   the  Great.    Beauty  of  Saxon    Women. 

Fair  Rosamond. 

ancient  borough  in  "Doomsday  Book"  and  in  the  reign  of  Edward  3rd  to  that  of  Henry 
8th  it  was  a  wool  staples  town  of  considerable  importance  and  antiquity  and  may  have 
been,  and  undoubtedly  was,  a  part  of  the  extensive  possessions  distributed  by  William 
the  Conqueror  to  his  Flemish  followers,  or  granted  by  Henry  1st  to  Rudolphus,  or  King 
John  to  Walter  or  Ralph  Le  Buck.  They  probably  built  the  Castle,  and  Margaret,  relict 
of  Ralph,  may  have  erected  the  first  Parish  Church  in  remembrance  of  St.  Omer  or  St. 
Anne,  as  they  had  become  a  godly  and  favored  people  in  a  new  land. 

It  is  in  the  Norfolk  circuit  and  had  a  population  in  1871  of  ahout  10,000  people. 
The  "Doomsday  Book"  of  national  information  and  importance,  drawn  up  and  compiled 
by  William  1st,  Christmas,  1085-6,  and  so  named  from  its  unquestioned  authority,  as  he 
had  a  great  survey  made  of  all  the  lands  in  England  and  the  property  and  offices  sub- 
ject to  the  Normans  which  was  entered  as  the  property  of  its  new  owners  on  a  roll  called 
"Doomsday  Book."  One  of  the  most  ancient  and  valuable  records  of  England,  framed  by 
order  of  William  1st,  to  serve  as  a  register  from  which  judgment  was  to  be  given  upon 
the  value,  tenure  and  service  of  the  lands  therein  described. 

St.  Dunstan,  born  at  Glastonbury,  Somersetshire,  025  A.  D..  while  Abbot  of  Glaston- 
bury Abbey  and  sagaciously  assuming  the  offices  of  the  King,  drove  out  the  married 
priests  and  became  the  main  head  and  promoter  of  the  Benedictine  order.  The  venerable 
and  wise  Bede,  672-735,  whose  tomb  is  at  Durham  in  the  center  of  Durham  Co.  was 
aroused  and  alarmed  at  their  forebodings,  and  later  the  Cardinal  Wolsey  finally  appealed 
to  Henry  8th  for  their  suppression  but,  after  all.  Monasteries  continued  to  be  founded  in 
every  part  of  the  Kingdom.  They  covered  one-third  of  the  land  and  being  exempt  from 
taxes  and  military  service  multitudes  devoted  themselves  to  the  cloister  and  many  vices, 
superstitions  and  impositions  had  crept  in  and  in  later  years  through  the  sale  of  in- 
dulgences by  the  priests,  and  the  exorbitant  claims  and  pretensions  of  the  clergy  to 
grant  absolution,  and  of  the  infallibility  of  the  Pope  of  Rome.  In  their  day  they  did  ex- 
cellent work,  but  the  time  had  come  when  they  ceased  to  found  Monasteries,  but  to  erect 
colleges,  hospitals  and  churches  instead. 

In  the  reign  of  the  good  Saxon  Alfred  the  Great,  the  beauty  of  the  Saxon  women 
filled  all  England  with  a  new  delight  and  grace,  and  the  men  were  noble,  strong  and 
persevering  and  wherever  the  Anglo-Saxon  race  has  gone  their  law  and  industry  and 
safety  for  life  and  property  and  all  the  great  results  of  progression  and  achievement  are 
certain  to  arise.  As  a  tribute  to  the  age,  it  is  said  the  charming  beauty  of  the  native 
women,  whose  loving  and  resolute  personality  none  could  resist,  really  kindled  and  in- 
spired tlie  tire  and  vigor  of  youth  and  manhood  in  the  veins  of  age  to  renewed  activities, 
undertakings  and  accomplishments. 

Cicelv  Neville,  the  "White  Rose  of  Raby  Castle"  (now  in  ruins)  wife  of  Richard, 
Duke  of  York,  and  mother  of  Edward  4th  and  Richard  3rd.  was  the  youngest  of  21  chil- 
dren of  Ralph,  first  Earl  of  Westmoreland,  as  illustrative  of  the  large  and  noted  families 
and  eventful  times  of  the  King  Maker.  Earl  of  Warwick,  descended  from  this  ancient 
noble  Baronial  family  in  the  north  of  England.  That  of  the  Nevilles,  who  enjoyed  for 
many  generations  the  title  of  Earls  of  Westmoreland,  made  the  country  memorable  by 
the  part  he  took  in  the  Wars  of  the  Roses,  a  period  marking  a  great  change  in  the 
political  and  social  character  and  progress  of  the  nation.  The  career  of  the  "King 
Maker"  being  chiefly  remarkable  as  illustrating  the  grandeurs  and  the  evils  of  feudalism. 
He  assumed  the  title  in  right  of  his  wife  Anne  and  was  "the  last  of  the  Barons.  1471." 

Fair  Rosamond  was  the  fair  dau.  of  Sir  Walter.  Lord  Clifford  of  Windsor,  favorite 
of  Henry  2nd  of  Navarre,  1113-1189,  crowned  King,  1154.  with  whom  he  formed  an  at- 
tachment before  his  disastrous  marriage  of  the  then  French  Queen  Elenour  of  Poitiers, 
divorced  wife  of  Louis  7th,  King  of  France  in  1152,  as  many  of  the  earlv  sovereigns  of 
Europe  were  like  to  do,  as  we  are  told  of  Queen  Isabella  and  Roger  Mortimer,  1287- 
1330;  Henry  8th  and  Anne  Boylen,  1491-1542;  Robert  Devereux  and  Queen  Elizabeth, 
1567-1601;  David  Rizzia  and  Thomas  Howard  and  Mary.  Queen  of  Scots.  1500-1572; 
Henry  Howard,  Earl  of  Surrey,  and  Fair  Geraldine  (Elizabeth  Fitzgerald)  1516-1547; 
Charles  2nd  and  Catherine  d'Vivonne,  1630-1685;  Louis  14th  and  Mad.  de  la  Valliere. 
1644-1710;  Louis  15th  and  Mad.  de  Pampadour,  1721-1764,  were  noted  examples  of  those 
times. 

Rosamond  died  in  1177,  poisoned  by  Queen  Elenor  of  Aquetaine,  wife  of  Henry  2nd, 
through  jealousy,  it  is  said.     She  and  the  mother  exerted  great  influence  over  him  in 

35 


Windsor  Castle.     Degeneracy  <>t  Times.    Family  and  Reign  of  Henry   2nd.     Woodstock. 

Rosamond    Timer   and   "Castle   Story."     Lord   Henry   Clifford.     Capt.   John.  Buck.   K.    (J. 

.sir  George  Buck.     Rev.  Richard  Buck. 

state  and  national  affairs  in  which  the  family  were  at  war,  and  he  maintained  them  in 
great  style  for  a  long  time  in  a  castle  maze  or  labyrinth,  which  he  constructed  at  Wind- 
sor, but  which  was  finally  betrayed  to  the  Queen  through  the  clew  of  a  silken  thread. 
Some  say  she  fled  to  the  convent  of  St.  Agnes,  or  St.  Marian,  near  Oxford  and  became  a 
nun  and  there  cherished  and  chastened  for  the  sake  of  the  King's  early  devotions.  He 
had  two  sons  by  her,  William  Longsword.  Earl  of  Salisbury,  and  Geoffrey  (a  protector). 
Archbishop  of  York,  who  were  faithful  to  him,  although  his  own  sons,  particularly 
Richard  and  John,  the  youngest  his  favorite,  were  not,  in  conspiring  against  him  at  the 
end  of  his  troublesome  reign  conducted  on  the  whole  with  ability  and  wisdom  charac- 
terized by  vigor  and  justice. 

Woodstock,   Oxfordshire,   was   the   residence  of   Henry   1st   and   the   scene   of   Henry 
2nd's  courtship  of  Rosamond   Clifford,   the  young  dau.   of  Sir  Walter   and   his   frequent 
visits  to  the  place  "Rosamond  Tower,"  now  in  ruins,  the  nucleus  of  the  town   of  New 
Woodstock  and  the  "Castle  Story,"  as  we  are  told  in  the  "old  time  Ballads:" 
"What  of  the  Romance,  great  or  mean — A  royal  or  a  tragic  scene? 
Blameless  or  guilty  the  reproof.     What  care  we  for  such  in  truth? 

Shielding,  or  making  apology  or  excuse.     In   the  time-worn  maxim,  "Whence  the  use," 
Of  fair  woman's  charming  beauty,  forsooth,  If  she  does  not  use  it  in  her  youth, 
To  serve  her  purpose  is  the  ruse,  And  in  justification  of  her  elk,  suffuse. 
Such  is  the  story  we  here  produce.     As  told  in   mitigation  of  long  past  scenes  and   ac- 
tions by   the   Muse." 
From   the   episode   of   Henry's   boyish   passion   and   love   affair,   he   was   constrained 
after  sowing  his  wild  oats,  to  marry  a   foreign  princess,  as  was  the  court   fashion  then, 
to  pacify  and  strengthen  li is  kingdom,  and  it   seems  a  little  vague  even  yet  realistic  of 
the  times,  in  that  laid  bare  to  all  who  read  between  the  lines  of  the  early  girlhood  and 
reproach  of  the  enchantress,  the  love  laisons  and  loyalty  of  the  King  and  the  impending 
thunder  storm  of  the  Queen  in  the  sad  but  fatal  ending. 

A  descendant.  Lord  Henry  Clifford,  born  in  1453  of  the  house  of  Lancaster,  brought 
up  as  a  "shepherd  boy"  to  secure  him  from  the  vengeance  of  the  victorious  York  party 
until  accession  of  Henry  7th  in  1485,  became  noted  after  as  "A  Berkshire  Knight  of 
Barden  Tower"  (also  in  ruins)  and  the  hero  of  much  legendary  narration  after  the 
battle  of  Clifford,  1478.  in  the  wars  of  the  Roses.     He  died  in  1523. 

In  England  we  find  many  able  and  distinguished  names  among  the  Bucks.  In  Hay- 
den's  Book  of  Dignities,  page  733,  we  find  in  the  "Original  Knights'  Lists,"  Piers  or 
John  de  Greilly,  Capt.  de  Buche,  died  1376.  "The  most  noble  order  of  the  Garter  of 
Edward  3rd." 

Capt.  Piers  or  John  de  Buche.  K.  G..  died  in  1376.  He  figured  in  the  early  English 
invasions  of  France  under  "the  Black  Prince."  Edward  3rd,  at  Crecy,  1346,  and  soon 
after  Calais,  1347.  and  in  the  taking  of  Poitiers,  Sept.  19th,  1356,  from  King  John  and 
thus  holding  the  key  to  Europe  for  nearly  two  centuries.  About  1344  to  134G  Edward 
3rd  (the  Confessor)  founded  the  famous  "Order  of  the  Garter,"  a  body  of  Knights  which 
still  continues  as  one  of  the  oldest  and  most  knightly  order  of  Europe  and  which  he  in- 
stituted in  imitation  of  King  Arthur  and  the  famous  "Knights  of  the  Round  Table." 

A  great  grandson  of  Sir  John  Buck,  attainted  by  I  bury  8th,  was  Sir  George  Buck, 
historian  and  native  of  Lincolnshire.  Eng.,  who  wrote  the  History  of  the  Life  of  Richard 
the  3rd,  in  his  vindication,  published  in  London  in  1647,  and  for  which  he  was  knighted 
July  26,  1603,  by  King  James  1st  and  appointed  Master  of  the  Revels  and  Gent  of  the 
Privy  Council.  He  also  wrote  the  Great  Plantagenet,  ("Edward  1st,")  an  historical  poem, 
published  in  1635,  and  several  treatises  on  Schools  and  Colleges.  He  died  in  1623  several 
years  after  the  first  of  his  name  and  lineage.  Rev.  Richard  Buck  in  1609,  and  before 
William  and  Roger  in  1635  had  effected  a  lodgement  on  the  shores  of  North  America. 
This  is  inferred  from  Sir  George's  statement  of  the  origin  and  descent  of  his  line  of  the 
Buck  family  as  gained  from  his  works.  ( C.  B.  Harvey,  page  15).  John  Buck,  LL.  D.. 
mathematician,  London.  1823,  "New  general  and  algebraical  solution  of  the  higher 
orders  of  eauations  to  the  10th  degree  inclusive."  John  William  Buck,  Barrister  of  Lin- 
coln Inn.  "Noted  Cases  in  Bankruptcy,"  1816  to  '20,  died  Aug.  23rd,  1821.  Samuel  Buck, 
an  English  engraver  and  architect,  and  Nathaniel,  a  brother,  whom  he  survived  several 
years,  executed  500  views  of  seats  and  castles,  churches,  monasteries  and  ancient  ruins 
in  England  and  Wales.  Died  Aug.,  1779.  Charles  Buck,  D.  D.,  English  divine  and 
author,  born  in  1771,  preached  in  London  and  Hackney,  died  in  1815,  wrote  "Theological 

36 


Distinguished    English.    Bucks.     Professional    List.     Barry's    Kent    Genealogies.     York 

Cathedral.     Sir  Wm.  Buck.     Marriage.     Descendants.     Wm.  Buck,  Grandson.     Marriage. 

Win.  Buck,  Son  of  Thos..  Marries  Alice  Foster  and  Emigrates  to  America. 

Dictionary  and  Ecclesiastical  History,"  published  in  London,  1S05,  and  Phila.,  edited  by 
J.  J.  Woods,  624  pages,  1831.  James  Buck,  portrait  painter  of  London,  1750.  and  suc- 
cessor Adam  Buck,  artist,  born  in  Cork,  1795,  died  in  London,  1833,  Portraits  in  Crayon 
and  Oil  and  Miniatures.  He  is  best  known  by  his  work  "Paintings  on  Greek  Vases," 
containing  100  plates  drawn  and  engraved  by  himself  and  published  in  London,  1812,  and 
bis  exhibits  at  the  Royal  Academy.  Sir  Peter  Buck  of  the  city  of  Rochester  on  the 
river  Medway,  opposite  Chatham  in  Kent  Co.,  Knighted  by  James  1st  in  1603,  was  secre- 
tary to  Algernon  Percy,  Earl  of  Northumberland  and  Lord  High  Admiral  in  1608,  Clerk 
of  the  Navy.  He  had  a  brother,  Edward  Yonge  Buck,  and  Peter  Buck,  Esq.,  son  and 
heir,  actor  1609.  Charles  Bucke,  17S1-1846,  dramatist  and  miscellaneous  writer  for  over  40 
years,  born  at  Worlington,  Suffolk  Co.,  Eng.,  April  16,  1781,  and  died  at  Poultney  Ter- 
race, Islington,  July  31,  1S46.  His  last  work,  "Ruins  of  Ancient  Cities,"  with  general  and 
particular  accounts  of  their  rise  and  fall  and  present  condition,  London,  1840.  Rev. 
John  Buck  settled  at  Benson,  Norfolk  Co.,  about  1404,  and  became  rector  of  the  ('lunch 
there  founded  in  1299.  Died  there  in  1453.  One  of  his  sons,  William,  assistant  Vicar  at 
Hawgley  in  1537,  and  another,  John,  was  principal  of  the  free  schools  there  in  the  city 
of  Norwich,  1547.  Doctor  James  Buck,  Vicar  of  Stradbrook,  Suffolk  Co.,  after  1649. 
Wife  and  7  children  buried  in  North  Aisle  of  St.  Peters.  Cornhill,  London.  His  son, 
John,  also  Vicar  of  St.  Paul's  Church,  London.  Rev.  John  Buck,  assistant  Rector,  of- 
ficiated in  Canterbury  Cathedral  in  1650.  He  and  his  wife  are  buried  in  nave  of  the  Church. 
Zachariah  Buck,  born  at  Norwich,  Sept.  10,  1798,  died  Aug.  5.  1859.  A  descendant  of 
same  name,  became  a  noted  organist  in  Norwich  Cathedral  in  1819,  composing  and  di- 
recting the  whole  church  service.  Dr.  Henry  Buck  of  Newport,  Essex  Co.,  in  1849.  was  a 
son  of  his  and  at  whose  house  he  died  in  1879.  Sir  Edward  Charles  Buck,  grandson  of 
the  late  Zachariah  Esq..  Mus.  Doc.  of  Norwich,  1798-9,  was  born  in  1839,  K.  C.  S.  I., 
created  1897  (Knight  Commander  of  Sacred  Instruction)  Knt.  Bachelor,  1S86.  He  was 
son  of  Dr.  Henry  Buck  of  Newport,  Essex.  John  Buck  of  Berkshire,  second  son,  en- 
graver, 1009.  Thomas  Buck  of  Southampton,  printer  to  the  University  of  Cambridge. 
London.  1673.  Thomas  Buck,  born  Sept.  28,  1709.  at  Sturry  on  the  river  Stour  near 
Canterbury,  East  Kent.  Samuel  Buck,  born  1714,  at  Canterbury,  buried  in  St.  Mary's 
Abbey  at  York,  appears  to  have  been  son  of  William  of  Wisbich,  Isle  of  Ely,  1619,  son 
of  Thomas  Commoner  of  York  of  Meltonbee  (Mowbray),  Y'orkshire,  1534-1575.  Barry's 
Kent  Genealogies,  pages  93-100). 

Percy  Carter  Buck.  M.  A.  Mus.  Doc.  Oxon  Director  of  Music  in  Harrow  School.  Prof, 
of  Music  in  Dublin  Univ.,  bn.  1871,  md.  1896  Lucy,  eldest  dau.  of  Thomas  Bond,  P.  R. 
C.  S.,  Sen.  Surg,  to  Westminster  Hospital.  Educ.  Royal  Coll.  of  Music.  Worcester  Coll., 
Oxford.  Organist  Wells  Cathedral  1896,  Bristol  Cathedral  1900.  Publications,  various 
musical  books  and  compositions.     Address.  100  Might  St..  Harrow-on-the-Hill. 

York  Cathedral  is  built  in  the  form  of  a  Latin  cross  with  choir,  aisles,  transepts, 
a  central  tower  and  two  side  towers  to  the  east  and  west  and  is  the  most  imposing  and 
striking  architectural  beauty  of  anything  in  the  city  or  county  of  Yorkshire.  Next  to 
this  is  St.  Mary's  Abbey. 

Y'ork  was  the  old  capital  of  Roman  Britain  and  is  of  great  historical  interest 

Sir  William  Buck,  Esq..  of  Yorkshire  and  Cambridgeside,  a  successor  of  Hamby 
Grange,  situated  in  a  productive  valley  enclosed  by  the  rivers  Bain  and  Witham  12 
miles  S.  E.  of  Lincoln  in  center  of  Lincolnshire,  now  known  as  Bucknall.  He  married 
Frances,  dau.  of  Daniel  Skinner,  a  merchant  of  London.  His  arms  were  granted  as 
8th  Buck  Arms  in  1652.  We  also  find  in  Nash's  Hist,  of  Worcestershire,  Eng.,  1799,  a 
William  Buck,  Esq.,  born  about  1585,  son  and  heir  of  Nathaniel,  son  of  John,  of  the 
ancient  family  of  Lastonashe,  parish  of  Kemfey  (Kempsey)  three  miles  south  of  the 
city  of  Worcester  in  valley  between  the  Severn  and  the  Avon,  "the  vale  of  Worcester," 
a  Midland  County  of  England.  He  married  about  1606  Margaret,  dau.  and  heir  of 
Michael  Good  of  Sussex,  Lord  of  the  castle  of  Frome,  Somersetshire,  and  although  there 
are  William  Bucks  in  other  families  and  that  a  certain  William  Buck,  4th  son  of  Thomas 
of  Melton,  commissioner  of  Yorkshire,  who  md.  Alice,  dau.  of  Robert  Foster  of  Cotton 
in  Norfolk,  and  had  4  sons  about  the  same  time,  and  from  corresponding  agreement  of 
dates,  names  and  events  we  are  led  to  believe  that  either  Sir  William  Buck  was  the 
father,  or  that  William  Buck,  Esq.,  or  William,  son  of  Thomas,  commissioner  of  York, 
was  the  veritable  William  Buck,  who  came  over  from  London  in  the  ship  Increase,  April 
15,  1635,  aged  50,  with  his  son  Robert,  18,  plowrites  (makers  or  manufacturers  of  plows) 
who  settled  in  Wobin  (Woburn),  Mass.,  now  Cambridge,  and  other  sons  coming  later. 
Of  the  cognate  lines,  John  Foster,  Eng.  essayist  and  moralist,  born  in  Halifax.  Y'ork- 
shire, Sept.  17,  1770,  Baptist  Pastor  at  Frome,  Somersetshire,  1S05.  died  at  or  near 
Bristol  Oct.  15,  1843.     William  Good,  who  was  a  Jesuit  after  1540  at  Glastonbury,  Somer- 

37 


Lets   of   OkiiIcs    tst.     Oppression.     The    Barbadoes.     Emigration    to   America.     Causes. 

Ship  Money.     Embargo  Bill.     Caus<  of  Duke  of  Monmouth.    Early  Settlements.     Milford, 

Ct.     Hingham,  Muss.    James  Buck.     Stephen  Paine  and  Family. 

setshire.  John  Mason  Good,  M.  D.,  and  author,  son  of  Rev.  Peter  Good,  a  dissenting 
minister  I.Monmouth  sympathizer)  and  independent  principal  of  seminary,  1690,  born 
in  Epping,  Essex,  May  25,  1764,  died  1827  in  Eng.  Nathaniel  Good,  in  Boston-town,  Suf- 
folk Co..  with  family  of  5  or  more  in  first  U.  S.  census  of  1790,  and  also  Fosters,  all  tend 
to  corroborate  and  confirm  this  inference  and  conclusion. 

One  of  the  earliest  acts  of  Charles  the  First,  an  act  that  raised  a  storm  of  indigna- 
tion throughout  the  country,  was  the  imposition  of  a  forced  loan  without  the  grant 
of  Parliament.  .Many,  some  high  in  authority,  refused  to  contribute  and  repudiated  the 
assessment  as  unjust  and  despotic.  The  court  of  "High  Commission."  established  by 
Elizabeth,  and  the  "Privy  Council"  of  Charles,  was  supreme  and  so  they  were  arrested, 
fined  and  imprisoned  in  abhorrence  of  the  "liberties  of  the  common  people."  As  all  the 
jails  and  prisons  were  filled,  and  from  the  harrowing  scenes  of  the  baildock  "the  tower, 
the  fleet  and  old  Tyburn."  some  were  transported  to  the  Barbadoes"  for  10  years  to 
work  the  plantations  newly  acquired  by  England  in  1624,  and  depopulated  by  the  Span- 
iards in  1625,  as  a  penal  settlemenl  in  the  West  Indies  called  by  the  natives  "Little 
England."  Many  expedients  were  resorted  to  but  subsequent  emigration  to  Massa- 
chusetts in  1680  had  found  relief  and  this  high  handed  measure  and  the  imposition  of 
"Ship  money"  and  the  "Embargo  Bill,"  the  obnoxious  "Act  and  laws"  for  passports  and 
clearance  papers,  drove  hundreds  from  London  to  Essex  County  and  the  surrounding 
country,  where  they  felt  it  most  and  could  the  more  easily  get  away  to  America.  These 
events  brought  about  a  war  between  King  and  Parliament  and  both  acts  were  finally 
repealed  as  unconstitutional. 

Among  the  thousands  who  emigrated  to  New  England  it  cannot  be  doubted  but 
that  a  very  large  number  left  to  avoid  the  payment  of  the  hateful  subsidy  and  that  they 
would  not  take  the  oath  of  allegiance,  supremacy  and  comformity  to  the  church  as 
prescribed,  therefore,  as  these  must  leave  secretly  in  such  ships  as  they  could  gain 
passage,  of  such  no  record  would  exist.  Some  were  convicted  for  upholding  the  cause 
of  the  Duke  Monmouth  to  the  throne  and  in  the  disastrous  failure  to  enforce  his  claims 
in  opposition  to  the  King  were  either  transported  or  sought  other  means  of  escape. 

At  the  commencement  of  the  reign  of  James  the  1st.  the  Catholics  and  Protestants 
were  each  striving  for  the  supremacy  and  about  this  time  Puritanism  had  sprung  up 
and  crept  into  England  through  Wyckliffe,  the  Latimers,  Cranmer,  Ridley  and  others 
and  was  gaining  a  stronghold  but  the  "Hampton  court  church  conference,"  repudiated  the 
1,000  Puritan  "Millenary  petition"  soon  after  the  accession  of  James  1st  to  the  throne 
of  England  and  his  proclamation  and  rigid  enforcement,  Jan.  IS,  1604,  was  very  adverse 
to  the  Puritans,  as  they  had  expected  a  release  from  the  galling  ceremonials  and  church 
abuses,  now  unbridled.  ( See  Catholic  case  of  Edgar  Mortara,  Int.  Cycle  Vol.  10.  page 
229). 

Winthrop  had  founded  a  colony  in  North  America  and  the  Pilgrims  had  settled  in 
New  England  and  at  Jamestown  and  along  the  coast  were  thriving  English  colonies, 
so  on  the  whole  there  was  every  inducement  for  emigration  for  aggrieved  and  daring 
spirits  to  a  new  and  free  country,  or  the  ambitious  to  exploit  and  know  the  world. 

"The  Avon  to  the  Severn  runs,  the  Severn  to  the  sea. 

And  Wickliffe's  dust  shall  spread  abroad,  wide  as  the  waters  be." 

Milford,  a  town  in  New  Haven  Co.,  southern  Connecticut,  on  the  south  shore  with 
a  harbor  on  Long  Island  Sound,  is  divided  by  the  Wopewang  and  Housatonic  Rivers. 
It  was  settled  in  1639,  chiefly  by  people  from  Hertfordshire,  Eng.,  and  a  handsome 
memorial  bridge  and  tower  erected  in  1889  commemorates  the  event. 

James  Buck  came  from  Old  Hingham  in  1638  with  his  servant  John  Morfield,  and 
settled  in  New  Hingham.  All  persons  that  came  from  Norfolk  in  old  England  from 
1633  to  1639  were  206,  and  came  from  Old  Hingham  and  the  towns  thereabout.  Also  in 
same  ship  Stephen  Paine  and  his  wife  and  three  sons  and  four  servants  came  from 
Great  Ellingham  and  settled  in  New  Hingham.  (Dan  Cushing's  Record,  N.  E.  Hist.  Reg.. 
Vol.  15.  page  26). 

Hingham,  in  Plymouth  Co.,  Mass.,  on  the  sea  coast,  intersected  by  the  Old  Colony 
R.  R.,  12  miles  from  Boston.  The  village  is  a  quaint  old  place  near  Nantasket,  settled 
in  1635.  Its  first  pastor  came  from  the  same  place  in  England.  "Old  Ship  Church," 
built  in  1680,  is  still  standing  in  good  repair  and  there  is  a  fine  monument  to  the  early 
settlers  in  the  cemetery  there. 

38 


Synopsis  of  Paine  Genealogy.     Thos.  Paine.     Robert  Treat  Paine.     John  Howard  Paine. 
Col.  Oliver  H.  Payne.    Rev.  Richard,  Buck.    First  Arrivals,  Jamestown,  \'a..  1610.    Poca- 
hontas. 

Synopsis  of  Paine  Genealogy:  William  Lord  of  the  Manor  of  Newton,  England,  who 
descended  from  Sir  Thomas  Paine.  Knight  of  Bosworth,  born  about  1400.  The  family 
are  of  the  same  Norman  ancestry  as  Hugh  de  Payen.  The  name  is  derived  from 
Peganus,  a  countryman,  through  the  famous  Pagan,  Pagen.  Payen,  Payne.  "American 
Ancestry,"  Vol.  3,  page  92,  1888,  says  there  were  four  Paine  branches  from  England 
and  settled  at  Bangor,  Me.,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y..  Pittsburgh,  Penn.,  and  Worcester,  Mass. 
William  born  in  Eng.  1598,  died  Oct.  10,  1660.  of  Eastham,  Mass.,  1622.  William  of 
Boston,  son  born  Mar.  15,  1663,  died  in  Maiden,  April  14,  1741.  William  of  Maiden,  born 
Nov.  10,  1692.  died  Jan.  29,  17S4.  William  of  Poxborough,  Me.,  born  June  26,  1720,  died 
July  17,  1811.  Lemuel  of  Foxborough,  born  April  4,  174S,  died  Dec.  22,  1794.  Frederick 
of  Winslow,  Me.,  born  Nov.  21,  1785.  died  Mar.  12,  1859.  Albert  Ware  of  Bangor,  Me., 
born  Aug.  16,  17S5,  of  the  "New  Philosophy  of  1884."  Stephen,  born  Dec.  27,  1776,  son 
of  Jacob,  son  of  William  of  Maiden  of  the  Ipswich  branch,  son  of  John  Paine,  son  of 
William  of  Suffolk  Co.,  Eng.,  Parish  of  and  Earl  of  the  Manor  of  Newton,  who  came  to 
America  in  the  ship  Increase,  Robert  Lee,  Master,  April  15,  1635,  then  37  years  old,  and 
wife  Ann,  40  years  old,  and  5  children  from  8  weeks  to  11  years  old  finally  landed  in 
Boston  and  afterward  resided  at  Watertown,  Mass.  Elizabeth,  a  granddaughter  of 
Stephen  Paine  and  dau.  of  Abigail  Paine  and  Eleazer  Dunham,  md.  Charles  Buck  of 
Oxford  Co.,  Maine.  (Paine  Genealogy  by  Albert  W.  Paine.  Ipswich,  Mass.,  Bangor,  Me.. 
1881,  8  Vo..  184  pages).  Thomas  Paine,  born  in  Thetford,  Norfolk,  Eng.,  in  1736,  died  in 
1809,  patriot,  soldier  and  "Secretary  of  the  Committee  of  Foreign  Affairs,"  and  Author- 
Hero  of  the  "Age  of  Reason"  and  "Common  Sense"  in  the  American  Revolution  and 
served  as  a  private  in  Washington's  army  and  wrote  "The  Crisis"  Jan.  1st,  1776,  to  cheer 
on  the  discouraged  and  flagging  troops,  and  whose  patriotic  writings  had  done  much 
toward  rousing  his  countrymen  for  that  great  struggle.  Robert  Treat  Paine.  1731-1814, 
Am.,  law.,  was  one  of  the  signers  of  the  Dec.  of  Independence,  July  4,  1777.  Maj.  Brin- 
ton  Paine,  1775  to  1784,  and  Eleazer  A.  Paine,  1815-1882,  Am.  soldiers.  John  Howard 
Payne,  son  of  William  of  Eastham,  Mass.,  and  Easthampton,  Long  Island,  N.  Y.,  born 
June  9.  1791.  was  the  author  of  "Home  Sweet  Home,"  died  U.  S.  Consul  at  Tunis,  "the 
ancient  Carthage,"  April  9,  1852,  and  was  buried  there  in  St.  George's  Cem.  and  later 
transferred  to  Wash..  D.  C,  and  interred  in  Oak  Hill  Cem.  June  9,  1883.  and  a  suitable 
monument  erected.  John  and  Noah  Paine  from  Conn,  in  1779  were  among  first  settlers 
at  Brookfield,  and  John  and  Hon.  Elijah  Paine  in  1784  at  Williamstown.  Orange  Co.,  Vt. 
Col.  Oliver  Hazard  Payne,  born  about  1840,  who  is  a  Yale  alumnus.  Civil  War  vet.  and 
philanthropist,  son  of  Hon.  Henry  B.  Payne,  U.  S.  44th  Congress,  1875-7,  and  Senator. 
18S5-9.  who  died  Sept.  9,  1896,  was  a  Standard  Oil  magnate  and  multi-millionaire  and 
the  munificent  founder  and  donor  of  $1,500,000  in  1898  of  the  Cornell  University  Medi- 
cal College  at  Ithaca,  in  which  he  has  deeply  interested  himself  with  further  gifts  mid 
endowment  of  $4,350,000  in  1913.  He  resides  at  No.  852  Fifth  Ave.,  N.  Y.  City,  and  is  a 
descendant  of  John  Howard  Payne. 

Rev.  Richard  Buck  of  the  Church  of  England,  a  resident  of  London,  studied  at  Ox- 
ford, was  the  first  of  the  name  to  arrive  in  America.  He  came  over  in  the  spring  of 
1609  with  Capt.  Chris.  Newport,  Sir  Thomas  Gates  and  George  Somers  with  five  ships 
and  four  pinnaces  to  succor  the  suffering  Virginia  Colony  at  Jamestown,  founded  in 
1607.  They  were  in  the  ship  "Sea  Venture"  and  encountering  a  heavy  storm  were  all 
stranded  and  wrecked  on  the  reefs  of  the  Bermudas  and  after  nine  months  of  perils 
and  sufferings  in  constructing  two  other  ships  out  of  their  timbers  and  the  surrounding 
cedars  on  the  island  finally  set  sail  and  reached  Jamestown  on  the  24th  of  May.  1610, 
just  in  time  to  check  the  abandonment  of  the  colony,  and  the  meeting  of  Lord  Delaware 
in  a  later  ship  bringing  supplies  and  ammunition  coining  up  the  Chesapeake  on  the 
8th  of  June.  1610,  as  they  were  about  departing  for  New  Foundland  despairing  of  relief, 
with  the  hopes  of  falling  in  and  returning  to  England  with  some  whaler.  Many  of 
them  had  died,  and  among  the  number  the  Rev.  Robert  Hunt,  who  came  in  1607  with 
Capt.  John  Smith  and  Governor  Wingfield  in  the  first  settlement  at  Jamestown  and  was 
succeeded  by  Rev.  Richard  Buck  who  preached  the  first  sermon  in  a  log  church  under  a 
bark  and  sod  roof  within  the  limits  of  the  United  States  June  10th,  1610,  and  was  the 
second  preacher  and  rector  of  the  church  there  until  his  death  in  1624. 

He  undoubtedly  was  present  and  assisted  the  Rev.  Alexander  Whittaker.  the  Bishop, 
at  the  christening  and  marriage  of  the  Indian  Princess,  Pocahontas,  to  John  Rolfe  in 

39 


William  Buck  and  Hon  Kogei    Vrrive  in  Ship  Increase,  1635.     Our  Forefathers.     Original 

Lists  of  Emigrants,  1600  to  nun.     Rev.  Richard  Buck  in  Virginia.     Possessions.    House 

of  Burgesses.     Virginia  Bucks.     Blue  Blood  Descendants. 

April.  1613  and  1614,  in  the  little  church  at  Jamestown.  She  was  only  IS,  being  born 
about  1595,  and  died  in  England  Mar.  21st,  1617,  at  about  21  years  of  age. 

Among  the  great  paintings  in  the  historical  series  of  the  noted  events  of  our  coun- 
try in  the  rotunda  of  the  capitol  at  Washington  are  the  "Baptism  of  Pocohontas,"  1613, 
by  John  G.  Chapman  of  Va.,  and  "The  Marriage  of  Pocahontas,"  1614,  by  Henry  Bruchner, 
elsewhere,  two  celebrated  American  artists. 

William  Buck,  age  50,  and  son  Roger,  age  IS,  plowrites  (makers  or  manufacturers 
of  plows)  from  London  in  ship  "Increase,"  Robert  Lea.  Master,  April  15.  1635,  were  the 
next  to  arrive  of  which  we  have  any  definite  account  and  they  are  the  ones  from  which 
ours  and  many  branches  of  the  family  are  supposed  to  take  their  rise  in  this  country. 
Whether  they  fled  from  the  oppressive  measures  of  the  government  or  the  persecutions 
of  the  Puritans  or  to  seek  their  fortunes  in  a  new  world  is  not  known,  or  to  just  what 
family  in  England  they  belonged,  but  it  is  very  significant  that  the  surnames  cor- 
respond in  both  lines  there  and  here  with  the  locality  and  date  conforming,  the  in- 
ference is  quite  conclusive  as  to  who  they  were.  That  other  sons  and  brothers  came 
later  on  in  other  ships  during  the  same  year  and  that  they  all  came  honorably  with  their 
passports  is  pretty  certain  from  the  Original  Lists  of  Emigrants.  1600  to  1700,  by  J. 
C.  Hotten,  London,  1874,  page  65.  "Having  taken  the  oath  of  allegiance  and  supremacy, 
as  also  being  conformable  to  the  government  and  discipline  of  the  Church  of  England, 
whereof  they  brot  testimony,  pr  cut  from  ye  Justices  and  ministers,  where  their 
abodes  have  lately  been.  These  parties  expressed  are  hereby  transported  from  Lon- 
don" of  Bucks,  William,  age  50,  and  son  Roger  IS,  plowrites,  embarked  loth  April,  1635, 
in  ship  "Increase,"  Robert  Lea.  Master,  for  New  England.  Also  of  Bucks,  Thomas,  age 
17,  in  ship  "George"  from  Gravesend,  Jo  Severance,  Master,  to  Virginia  21st  Aug.,  1635; 
Isaac,  age  23,  in  ship  "Amitee,"  George  Downs,  Master,  to  St.  Christopher,  Oct.  13, 
1635;  Richard,  age  24.  in  ship  "Expedition"  to  Barbadoes.  25th  of  Nov.,  1635;  Francis, 
age  20.  in  ship  "Falcon"  to  Barbadoes.  Dec.  19,  1635,  and  Christian,  age  26,  in  ship 
"Blessing."  John  Leicester.  Master,  to  New  England.  July  13,  1635. 

The  corporation  of  James  Cittie  (City)  adjoining  the  mouth  of  the  Chickahominy 
River  granted  to  Mr.  Richard  Buche  750  acres  planted  and  the  Glebe  Land.  100  acres, 
by  patent  and  order  of  the  court,  1626.  Bucke  family  living  in  Virginia,  Feb.  16,  1623. 
Grecyon,  Mary  13,  Benamy  S.  Peleg  4,  and  the  cattell  belonging  to  Bucks  children. 

We  find  Rev.  Richard  Buck  and  his  family  and  possessions  in  Virginia  at  a  very 
early  date  and  later  on  one  Richard  Buck  at  the  Barbadoes,  called  by  the  natives  Little 
England,  and  who  very  probably  reshipped  from  there  to  Virginia  as  being  of  the  same 
family  undoubtedly,  or  very  closely  related  to  the  Rev.  Richard  Buck  of  the  Jamestown 
Colony,  in  1610,  and  who  died  in  1624  leaving  the  Jamestown  family,  a  few  of  whose 
descendants  are  still  living  in  Virginia. 

Rev.  Richard  Buck  of  Argecroft  Hall,  near  Manchester,  married  a  Langley  and  title 
anil  inherited  an  estate  at  about  Colonial  times  and  probably  with  his  rank  and  means 
is  the  same  that  came  to  America  although  we  find  other  Richards  at  same  time  in 
the  landed  gentry  of  the  Bucks  at  Cambridge,  Kent.  Gloucester  and  Essex,  it  being  a 
very  common  name  in  the  family. 

A  Glebe  is  the  lands  possessed  as  a  part  of  an  ecclesiastical  bonofice  from  which 
the  revenues  arise.  The  assignment  of  glebe  lands  was  formerly  held  to  be  of  such 
absolute   necessity   that   without   them   no   church    could    be   regularly   consecrated. 

Rev.  Richard  Buck  it  is  said  opened  with  prayer  the  first  "House  of  Burgesses" 
which  was  established  at  Jamestown  in  1619.  the  first  appearance  of  an  English  legis- 
lative body  in  American  history,  and  the  Rev.  Mr.  Chrashaw  is  mentioned  as  writing 
a  prayer  for  the  use  of  the  settlers  at  the  time  of  the  famine.  1610,  that  was  later 
printed  in  their  laws. 

Several  of  the  first  families  and  some  of  the  "Blue  bloods"  of  old  Virginia  are  said 
to  have  descended  from  the  family  stock  of  the  Rev.  Richard  Buck.  Among  those  of 
the  collateral  line  are  the  Ashleys,  Blackmores  and  Calmes  of  the  old  dominion,  the 
immediate  descendants  of  which,  as  far  as  we  have  any  definite  account  from  the  de- 
struction of  records  at  Washington.  D.  C,  Aug.  24th.  1814,  by  the  British,  during  the 
Revolution,  as  well  as  the  late  Civil  War  of  which  we  are  unfortunately  deprived,  were 
Charles  Buck  of  Williamsburgh,  near  Jamestown,  in  1690  and  his  descendants. 


40 


Old    Bruton    Church.     Williamsburgh.     Virginia    Families.    Shenandoah    Valley.     Ghas. 
Buck  mid  Gen.  Spottswood  First  to  cross  Blue  Ridge  Hits.    Spottswood  and  Other   Vir- 
ginia Mansions  and  "Blue  Blood  Society."     Chas.  E.  Buck.     Col.  Irving  A.  Buck.     Mary- 
land Bucks.     Benj.  Buck.    Rock  Creek  Church  and  Cemetery,  Wash.,  D.  C. 

The  old  Bruton  Church  where  they  worshipped  when  Williamsburgh  was  the  capital 
of  Virginia  is  still  standing. 

There  was  a  William  at  Lancaster  and  a  Thomas  at  Buckingham  in  1700  and  other 
families  at  Buckland  in  the  eastern  part  of  Prince  William  Co.,  at  about  this  time  and 
a  certain  Charles  of  Buckive  Beach,  Elizabeth  City,  near  Portress  Munroe,  a  descendant, 
enjoyed  the  distinction  of  being  among  the  first  white  men  with  Gov.  Alexander  Spotts- 
wood in  1716  to  cross  the  Blue  Ridge  Mountains  from  tide  water  into  the  Great  Valley 
of  the  Shenandoah  and  bringing  with  him  the  first  slave  and  race  horse,  thus  bespeak- 
ing his  English  sporting  blood  and  inheritance,  and  for  which  it  is  said  Gov.  Spotts- 
wood was  knighted  by  George  1st  with  a  coat  of  arms,  bearing  a  golden  horseshoe  and 
that  he  founded  an  order  of  "Knighthood,"  the  "Blue  Bloods  of  Virginia,"  which  in- 
cluded all  his  followers  and  their  direct  descendants. 

He  also  built  him  a  beautiful  house  in  Virginia  which  stood  for  many  years  and  it 
is  said  his  fine  large  imported  mirrors  were  finally  broken  by  a  pet  deer  rushing  in  and 
beholding  itself  in  the  glass,  and  it  is  significant  that  many  of  the  old  mansions  of 
New  England,  as  of  the  eastern  and  southern  states,  still  standing  picture  and  remind 
us  of  that  comfort  and  elegance  which  existed  even  in  colonial  days  and  the  Revolution- 
ary period,  and  of  the  graces  and  refined  society  of  a  liberal  and  hospitable  aristocracy 
under  democratic  rule  in  which  our  forefathers  lived  so  contented  and  happy  through 
it  all  in  their  well  fixed  and  well  lodged  homes  of  America  at  that  time,  where  later 
on  we  find  Charles  at  "Water  Lick,"  Thomas  at  "Cedar  Hill,"  and  John  and  John,  Esq., 
at  "Clover  Hill."  with  families  and  slaves,  all  local  names  in  the  Shenandoah  Valley,  and 
Robert.  William  and  Anthony  crossing  the  Alleghanies  into  Piedmont  and  Hampshire 
Co.,  West  Virginia,  with  families,  without  slaves  as  shown  in  the  first  census  of  1790. 

William  M.,  son  of  Charles,  was  born  at  "Bel  Air,"  Shenandoah  Co.,  in  1814,  and 
died  there  in  1899,  aged  85.  Two  of  his  father's  only  sisters  married  the  Blackmore 
brothers  in  1735,  hence  a  double  connection  in  that  line.  He  was  succeeded  by  several 
sons,  Charles  E.  Buck  of  Greenwood  (Depot)  Albemarle  Co.,  is  one  and  one  of  which 
a  Col.  Irving  A.  Buck,  Confed.,  of  Buckton  on  Shenandoah  River,  7  miles  N.  W.  of  Front 
Royal,  Warren  Co.,  Va.,  born  in  1838,  is  the  author  of  "Pat.  Ron.  Cleburne  and  his 
Command,"  1861  to  1865,  by  the  Neale  Pub.  Co.,  New  York,  1895.  and  the  Buck  Brothers, 
merchants  of  Lenoir  City,  Tenn. 

William  Claiborne,  head  of  an  old  Virginia  family,  established  a  trading  post  in 
1632  on  Kent  Island.  Virginia.  Being  the  seat  and  theatre  of  the  Rebellion  during  the 
wars  it  suffered  much  in  the  loss  of  property  and  life. 

Benjamin  Buck  of  Baltimore,  sail  maker,  was  the  head  of  the  Maryland  Bucks,  his 
children  were  Benjamin,  James,  John,  Joshua  and  Mary  of  Baltimore  Co.,  with  their 
families  and  slaves  in  Census  of  1790.  Among  sons  of  these  were  Charles,  Edward, 
John  and  Rev.  James  A.  Buck,  D.  D..  first  rector  of  St.  Paul's  Episcopal  Rock  Creek 
Church,  with  rectory  grounds  and  cemetery  adjoining  the  National  Cemetery  and  U.  S. 
Soldiers'  Home,  Wash.,  D.  C,  of  700  acres. 

The  present  rector,  Rev.  Chas.  E.  Buck  (Rock  Creek  Church  road),  is  a  cousin  of 
the  first  rector;  service  11  A.  M.,  S.  S.  9:15.  Church  founded  in  1726.  William  Brad- 
ford, 2nd  Gov.  Plymouth  Colony,  1621,  born  1589,  died  1659.  John  Bradford,  Gov.  M;iss 
Colony,  a  successor,  gave  Glebe  lands  of  100  acres,  now  mostly  "the  Rock  Creek  Episcopal 
Cemetery,"  to  the  church  in  1719,  which  is  more  than  self  sustaining  from  the  sale  of 
burial  plots  and  endowments. 

A  beautiful  cemetery  in  the  environments  of  Washington.  D.  ('.,  Charles  Boyden 
Buck,  chief  clerk,  Rock  Creek  Cemetery  grounds  and  manager  Merchants'  Transfer 
and  Storage  Co.,  Wash.,  D.  C,  Rock  Creek  Road,  is  a  nephew  of  the  rector,  and  George 
B.,  clerk  of  Economy  Commission,  Kensington.  Md.  Robert  L.  Buck,  md.  Martha  Bush 
about  Civil  War  time;  had  a  line  of  boats  running  from  Philadelphia  to  Wilmington; 
resided  in  both  places.  Lieut.  Eastman,  U.  S.  A.,  a  descendant,  also  descendants  at 
Bucktown,  near  the  Chesapeake,  Dorchester  Co.,  Md.  Geo.  V.  Buck,  photographer,  1113,  P 
St.  bet.  11  and  12th  Sts.,  Washington,  D.  C,  opposite  Columbia  Theatre,  came  from 
Schenectady,  is  of  Dutch  or  German  descent,  has  no  sons. 


41 


/'.  mi..  Muss..  Conn.,  and  Maine  Bucks.     New  England  Stock,  of  Bucks.     Christian.  Enoch 
or  Emanuel  Buck.     Isaac  Buck  of  Scituate  md.  Frances  Marsh.     Children.    James  Buck 
of  Hingham,  Mass.    John  of  Scituate.     Descendants.     Thos.  Son  of  Jsaac 
ami  Descendants. 

The  Bucks  of  Pennsylvania  claim  their  ancestry  from  one  Nicholas  Buck  of  Thion- 
ville,  Lorraine,  on  the  Rhine,  arrived  in  Philadelphia  Sept.  23,  1752,  from  Rotterdam  on 
the  ship  "St.  Andrew,"  James  Abercrombie,  Master,  from  Plymouth,  England,  and  whose 
other  ancestor  Thomas  came  over  in  the  ship  "Royal  George"  to  Virginia  iji  1635  and 
settled  at  Buckingham  town  and  county,  Va.,  and  afterward  his  descendants  with 
Nicholas  emigrated  during  1752  and  3  to  Bucks  Co.,  Penn.,  and  became  the  head 
of  a  large  and  prosperous  progeny  at  Buckstown,  now  Bucksville,  where  they  held 
June  11th,  1892,  a  "Centennial"  of  the  family. 

One  Samuel  is  the  head  of  a  large  line  in  Portland,  Conn.,  and  one  James  at  New 
Milford.  of  whom  Emanuel  Buck  of  Weathersfield  is  claimed  as  the  progenitor.  One 
Isaac,  as  well  as  William  and  Roger,  are  heads  of  the  Massachusetts  line  of  which 
Col.  John,  or  Jonathan,  claim  descent  as  founders  of  a  large  colony  at  Bucksport,  Maine, 
all  of  whose  ancestry  is  of  the  New  England  stock  of  Bucks.  These  brothers  or  sons  of 
brothers  or  cousins,  all  came  here  about  the  same  time  or  during  the  same  year  and 
there  is  one,  Christian,  of  which  we  have  no  account  since  landing,  whether  he  died 
or  not,  since  we  have  no  record  of  his  death  or  whether  he  succumbed  to  the  atrocities 
of  the  Indians  or  perished  of  cold,  starvation,  or  disease  in  the  wilderness  or  died  a 
natural  death  remains  a  mystery  never  to  be  solved.  Unless  peradventure  this  "Chris- 
tian" may  have  been  the  so-called  "Enoch,"  the  consecrated,  or  "Emanuel,"  God  with 
us,  from  misconception  of  his  name,  which  is  quite  possible  at  that  early  time  and  thus 
accounting  for  his  disappearance  and  their  unknown  mysterious  appearance  at  same 
time  or  soon  after.  From  recently  discovered  old  records  bearing  several  aliases  of  the 
name  this  inference  is  very  probable.     (H.  W.  Hemingway,  Boston). 

In  Oct..  1635,  one  Isaac  Buck  and  several  other  persons  were  transported  to  Boston 
in  the  ship  "Amitia,"  Capt.  George  Downs,  via  St.  Christopher  for  refusing  to  take  the 
oath  of  conformity.  Isaac  was  then  aged  23.  His  wife,  Frances  Marsh,  whom  he  mar- 
ried before  leaving  England,  followed  her  husband  in  Dec.  of  the  same  year  being  then 
20  years  old.  Isaac  went  to  Scituate,  Mass.  Bay,  on  old  Boston  post  road  near  Hingham, 
bought  land,  was  town  clerk  in  1647,  a  blacksmith  by  occupation,  Freeman  privileged  in 
1658,  constable  in  1659,  deputy  several  years,  councilman  in  1668  and  in  1676  and  Lieu- 
tenant of  the  Colonial  militia.  He  died  in  1696,  aged  93,  his  widow  surviving  him.  His 
eight  children  were  as  follows:  Thomas,  Benjamin,  Joseph  and  Jonathan  of  boys;  of 
girls,  Elizabeth  md.  Robert  Whitcomb.  Mehitable  md.  Stephen  Chittenden,  Ruth  md. 
Joseph  Green,  and  Deborah  md.  Henry  Merrit.      (C.  B.  Harvey). 

In  163S  several  families  at  Hingham  and  adjoining  towns  in  Norfolk  Co..  England, 
came  over  to  Boston  in  the  ship  "Diligent"  and  settled  in  the  town  of  Hingham,  Mass. 
James  Buck  was  from  among  this  number.  He  devised  property  to  John  Buck  who 
may  have  been  his  brother  but  more  probably  brother  of  Isaac.  John  lived  at  Scituate 
in  1650.  John's  wife  was  Elizabeth  Holbrook,  dau.  of  Samuel  Holbrook  of  Weymouth. 
She  died  in  1690.  He  md.  April  26,  1693,  the  widow  of  Secretary  Edward  Doty,  Sarah, 
who  was  also  the  sister  of  the  famous  Eldred  Faunce.  She  died  in  1697.  He  died  about 
1699.  Their  issue  was  10  children  by  1st  wife,  as  follows:  Elizabeth,  born  1653;  Mary, 
1655;  Joseph,  1057;  John,  1659;  Hannah,  1661;  Susanna,  1664;  Benjamin,  1665;  Deborah, 
1670;   Robert,  1672,  and  Rachel,  1674. 

Lieut.  Isaac  Buck  and  his  brother  John  both  of  Scituate.  were  probably  sons  of 
James  Buck  of  Hingham  in  1638,  the  former  town  clerk  and  the  latter  called  Cornet 
John,  having  been  cornet  of  the  Troopers.  Isaac  died  in  1696  and  John's  will  is  dated 
1697.      (C.  B.  Harvey). 

There  was  also  a  Roger  Buck  at  Cambridge,  1643,  who  had  sons,  John,  1644,  and 
Ephrajm,  1646.     (Note  Mitchel's  Bridgewater,  Plymouth  Co.,  Mass.,  1840,  page  125). 

Thomas,  son  of  Isaac  of  Scituate,  who  died  in  1696,  was  born  in  1636  at  Scituate, 
md.  Deborah  Hews  of  Guilford,  Conn.,  Oct.  10,  1665.  Thomas,  a  grandson,  was  born  in 
1732  at  Somers,  Conn.,  died  in  1780,  a  farmer,  md.  Anna  Atkinson  of  Somers,  born  in 
1733,  died  at  Bath,  N.  H.,  Dec.  18,  1815.  Amasa,  son  of  Thomas,  born  June  6th.  1756, 
md.  Sybil  Hibbard  Dec.  24,  1776.  He  was  Deacon,  Justice,  member  of  the  Legislature 
and  Fife  Major  in  the  Revolution.  Amasa,  Jr.,  of  Bath,  N.  H.,  son  of  Amasa,  born  at 
Woodstock,  Ct,  Dec.  26,  1784,  died  at  Milwaukee,  Wis.,  Sept.  20,  1852,  Professor  of 
Mathematics  in  Middlebury  College,  Vt.,  and  N.  H.  University,  1826. 

42 


New    Haven,    Conn.     Settlement.     Conn.    Emigration.     Oral    Tradition.    New    England 

Colonies.     Weathersfleld  Bucks.     Mass.  Bay  Colony,  1628.     New  Hampshire  Colonization. 

KiJS-31.     Weathersfleld,     Hartford     and     Windsor.     Indians.     Wild     Animals.     Forests. 

Raids  of  Pequots.     King  Phillip's  War.     Massacres  and  Villages  Destroyed. 

New  Haven,  Conn.,  named  from  a  seaport  entrance  to  the  Ouse  of  Sussex  near 
Brighton  in  England  of  same  name,  was  colonized  and  settled  in  April,  1G38  hy  300 
English  emigrants  of  more  than  average  wealth  and  business  ability  led  by  John  Daven- 
port, its  first  pastor,  an  Oxford  graduate  and  minister  of  London  ]4  years,  and  Theophilus 
Eaton,  the  first  governor  of  the  independent  Congregational  Colony,  and  trade  was 
established  between  New  Haven  and  the  Barbadoes  before  1G47,  and  its  port  being  a 
commercial  center  of  America  for  many  years  until  merged  by  the  charter  of  Chas.  2nd 
in  17G3  into  the  older  colony  of  Connnecticut,  and  became  in  171G  the  world  wide  seat 
of  Yale  College,  first  established  at  Saybrook,  Ct..  by  the  Congregationalists  in   1700. 

In  the  emigration  to  Connecticut  in  1G47  came  or  appeared  Emanuel  or  Enoch  Buck 
and  Henry  Buck,  also  a  Thomas.  This  Thomas  was  either  a  brother  or  cousin  of 
Emanuel  and  Henry.  Emanuel  was  a  blacksmith,  Henry  a  miller  by  trade.  We  find 
Thomas  Buck,  a  lad  of  only  17  yrs.,  transported  to  Virginia  in  ship  "George"  21st  Aug., 
1635.  We  also  find  that  Thomas  Buck  appeared  in  Weathersfleld  as  early  as  1714,  and 
he  had  a  son  Thomas.  (Notes  and  queries  of  Hist.  Reg.,  Vol.  15,  page  297.)  Of  his 
ancestry  or  way  or  time  of  his  emigration  there  or  of  his  perils  or  hardships  we  can 
find  no  record  but  we  find  him  listed  as  owning  property  and  he  and  son  as  filling  im- 
portant early  local  colonial  offices  and  he  had  a  large  progeny  of  worthy  descendants  of 
which  Gurdon  Buck  is  one. 

A  tradition  coming  down  from  our  ancestors,  being  handed  down  from  generation  to 
generation,  is  related  and  firmly  believed  even  down  to  the  present  day  and  is  un- 
doubtedly true  that  3  or  4  Buck  brothers  came  over  from  England  to  America  at  or 
about  the  same  time,  sailing  from  London  in  such  ships  as  they  could  gain  passage  to 
the  nearest  ports  of  the  then  thriving  New  England  colonies,  and  after  taking  up  their 
abode  along  the  coast  for  several'  years  in  the  growing  settlements  they  heard  of  the 
fertility  of  the  Connecticut  river  valley  and  ambitious  to  penetrate  the  wilderness  and 
the  possibility  of  exploitation,  they  moved  on  with  the  rush  of  emigration  and  the  most 
of  them  finally  located  near  together  at  or  around  Weathersfleld,  then  about  the  only 
village,  town  or  clearing  of  any  considerable  size  and  safety  in  the  interior  and  from 
there  thus  spreading  to  the  adjoining  country  and  that  all  the  Bucks  of  the  New  Eng- 
land  states  at  least  have  sprung   from  this  stock. 

Massachusetts  was  settled  by  a  colony  in  1628.  John  Endicott  made  a  settlement  at 
Salem  and  other  towns  also  sprang  up  around  them  under  charter  of  Chas.  1st  for  the 
Massachusetts  Bay  Colony  in  1623. 

New  Hampshire  was  first  colonized  under  a  grant  to  Capt.  John  Mason  and  Sir 
Ferdinand  Georges.     First  settlement  at  or  near  Portsmouth,  N.  H,  was  made  in  1G31. 

Connecticut  was  settled  in  1G35  by  persons  from  Massachusetts,  interior  settlements 
being  confined  to  the  three  river  towns,  Weathersfleld,  Hartford  and  Windsor,  1G3G- 
1G39,  near  together  on  the  Connecticut  river  for  safety  from  the  Indians  and  wild 
animals. 

It  was  a  vast  and  dismal  wilderness  whose  extremities  and  solitudes  the  inhabitants 
did  not  know.  The  woods  were  filled  with  savage  forms,  and  ravenous  beasts  prowled 
by  night  and  their  cows,  sheep  and  domestic  animals  had  to  he  constantly  watched  and 
protected  as  well  as  their  own  habitations  and  members  of  their  families.  The  raids  of 
the  "Pequots,"  a  hostile  and  treacherous  tribe  of  the  Algonquins  of  2  tribes  and  2,000 
men,  were  frequent  and  destructive  but  were  finally  subdued  in  1G37  by  Capt.  John 
Mason,  who  had  served  as  a  soldier  in  Flanders,  by  burning  their  villages  in  retaliation 
thus  showing  as  little  mercy  as  they  had  received  and  after  the  terrible  massacre  at 
Weathersfleld  in  1GG5  were  utterly  exterminated  in  1673.  Hut  in  1675  and  G.  time  of 
King  Phillip's  war,  Lancaster,  Groton,  Medford,  Weymouth  and  Marlborough  were  burned 
and  Brookfield  and  the  whole  frontier  was  kept  in  constant  alarm,  while  the  Wampanogas 
were  being  subdued,  from  that  time  on  they  were  hunted  down  like  wild  beasts  until 
in  a  few  months  the  tribe  was  practically  destroyed.  It  is  said  that  the  five  great 
original  forests  of  the  United  States  of  America  covered  over  50  million  acres  of  land, 
besides  the  great  lakes  and  river  courses,  the  open  prairie  and  the  mountain  fastnesses 
that  were  subject  to  the  various  tribes  of  the  Aboriginal  race. 


43 


Arrival  of  Emanuel  and  Henry  Buck.     Enoeh.  Emanuel.  Henry  and  Thomas  Buck.  Settle- 
ments on  Conn.  River  and  in  N.  H.     Springfield,.     Deerfield.     Haverhill.     Enoch.  Eman- 
uel  and    Christian    Regarded    as    Same    Person.     Probable    Sons    of    William.     Emanuel 
Buck  and  Family.     Ezekiel  Buck. 

Among  those  who  came  over  at  that  time  were  these  two  brothers,  Emanuel  age  23, 
and  Henry  21,  Much  time  has  been  spent  in  efforts  to  ascertain  their  relationship  to 
the  English  branches  of  the  family,  the  exact  locality  in  England  where  they  were  born 
and  reared,  the  immediate  cause  which  impelled  them  to  leave  England,  the  name  of 
the  vessel  in  which  they  made  the  voyage  and  their  adventures,  sojournings  and  vicis- 
situdes on  landing  here,  but  without  avail. — C.  B.  Harvey. 

There  was  an  Enoch  Buck  in  Connecticut  at  Hartford  in  1(548,  and  who  was  made 
free  there  May  21st,  1651.  He  might  have  been  the  father  or  brother  of  Emanuel,  Henry 
and  Thomas  who  were  all  at  Weathersfield  about  the  same  time  and  not  of  the  first 
settlers  there.  Emanuel's  oldest  child  was  born  there  in  1G50.  Thomas  was  married  in 
1065  and  Henry  in  1660.  (Weathersfield  Ch.  and  Town  Record.)  Windsor  was  settled 
in  16:;::,  and  Weathersfield  in  1636,  both  near  together.  As  early  as  1632  the  English 
had  begun  settlements  at  Portsmouth  and  Dover,  in  the  present  state  of  New  Hampshire 
anil  in  1633  they  had  penetrated  the  wilderness  to  the  Connecticut  River  and  established 
themselves  at  Hartford.  In  1635  they  had  extended  their  settlements  northward  up  this 
river  as  far  as  Springfield  and  Deerfield,  in  which  occurred  the  memorable  massacre  and 
burning  of  the  village  in  1704,  and  only  a  little  later  in  170S  Haverhill  suffered  a  similar 
fate  from  the  French  and  their  Indian  allies.  There  is  no  other  Enoch  Buck  found 
except  this  Enoch  found  in  court  records  of  104S,  and  made  freeman  in  May  21,  1651, 
but  whose  death  or  marriage  is  not  found  at  Weathersfield  or  elsewhere.  These  four 
Bucks  might  have  been  and  undoubtedly  were  brothers,  as  the  dates  of  their  marriages 
and  ages  very  clearly  indicates  that.  Although  the  record  furnishes  no  proof  of  it. 
Enoch  Buck  was  fined  10  pence  for  irregular  speeches  in  court  against  one  Robert  Rose, 
son  of  Daniel,  a  rough  fellow,  when  under  oath  in  Mar.,  164S,  owned  land  in  Glastonbury 
in  167::.  and  he  and  wife  church  members  at  Weathersfield  in  1694,  and  appears  to  have 
been  the  first  of  the  name  to  settle  in  Weathersfield  as  the  father  of  Emanuel.  The 
town  gave  him  two  acres  of  land  for  a  homestead,  a  triangular  piece  of  land,  bnd.  wst. 
by  Leonard  Dix  house-lot,  sth.  by  Thos.  Curtis,  nth.  by  highway  to  Hartford,  and  south 
comes  to  a  point  abt.  Sth  part  Curtisfield,  of  the  original  purchasers  of  Durham  Grant, 
1698.  Emanuel  Buck  was  made  a  freeman  Oct.  11,  1669,  and  constable  at  Weathersfield 
in  1669,  and  was  frequently  a  selectman  from  1650.  Had  a  saw  mill  at  Westfarms.  New- 
ington,  in  1683.  He  was  probably  born  in  1623  as  he  testifies  in  court  in  1684  that  he  was 
61  yrs.  old.  He  undoubtedly  was  a  younger  son  of  12  yrs.,  and  Henry  9.  and  Thomas  17, 
left  behind  with  other  children  and  the  mother  and  wife  perhaps  of  William,  aged  50. 
who  came  over  with  the  oldest  son  Roger,  aged  18,  from  London  in  ship  Increase,  Apl.  15, 
1635,  and  settled  in  Wobin,  Mass.,  and  who  followed  later  on,  as  Thomas  next  older,  17, 
appears  to  have  come  in  on  Aug.  21st,  of  same  year. 

In  "American  Ancestry."  Vol.  3,  page  63,  Henry  is  called  the  son  of  William,  and  the 
inference  is  that  Emanuel  is  also.  Emanuel  and  aliases  Enoch  Buck,  found  several  times 
in  court  records,  are  now  regarded  as  one  and  the  same  person  in  "Dr.  Stiles  History 
of  Ancient  Weathersfield,"  and  perhaps  Christian  is  another  synonym  for  same  who  as 
yet  is  unaccounted  for  unless  this  be  so  as  his  age,  name  and  time  of  coming  would 
warrant  it,   and   circumstances  and   court  records   strongly  favor  this   analogy. 

Emanuel  Buck  born  in  1623,  md.  in  1645  for  his  first  wife  Sarah  of  Weathersfield 
and  had  issue:  Ezekiel,  born  Jan.  15,  1650;  John.  bn.  Nov.  30,  1652,  and  Jonathan,  born 
Apl.  8,  1655,  when  she  died  and  he  md.  Apl.  15.  1658,  Mary  Kirby  of  Middletown,  born  in 
1627,  aged  31.  dau.  of  John  Kirby  of  Hartford,  Ct.,  who  died  in  1671.  He  bought  a  home- 
stead of  Edward  Scott  of  Farmington,  Mar.  12,  1659.  She  died  Jan.  17,  1712,  aged  85. 
Their  issue  was  Mary,  born  Apl.  1,  1659;  David,  bn.  Apl.  3,  1667,  died  Sept.  20,  1738; 
Sarah,  bn.  Jan.  1,  1668,  md.  Benjm.  Churchill;  Hannah,  bn.  Apl.  18,  1671,  md.  John 
Fowler;  Elizabeth,  bn.  June  4,  1676,  md.  Caleb  Dudley;  Thomas,  bn.  Jan.  10,  1678;  and 
Abigail,  born  Aug.   1,  16S2.  md.   Saml.  Arnold. 

Ezekiel  Buck,  eldest  son  of  Emanuel,  settled  in  New  Ixmdon  in  1661,  md.  1st,  Mar. 
18,  1675,  Rachel,  dau.  of  John  Beebe  of  New  London,  who  had  Ezekiel,  Jr.,  bn.  Jan.  S, 
1676,  and  she  dying,  he  returned  to  Weathersfield.  lived  on  west  side  of  "Rocky  Hill,"  a 
wealthy  farmer,  purchased  the  Durham  "west  farms"  grant  in  Newington  in  1698.  in- 
ventoried at  £30S,  15  s.,  9  d.,  and  afterward  at  Newington,  md.  2nd,  Rachel,  dau.  of  John 

44 


Ezekiel.  Jr..  Family.  Enoch  Buck  Family.  Descendants.  Saml.  Beebc  Buck  Family. 
Capt.   Win.   Buck   Family.     N.  Y.  anil  Prim.  Bucks,     JHnil.  ami   Stephen   Buck,     Jonathan 

Buck  Fain  Hi/. 

Andrews,  one  of  the  earliest  settlers  of  Farmington,  Feb.  2nd,  1677,  and  had  10  children 
as  follows:  Rachel,  bn.  July  25,  167S,  md.  1st,  John  Bronson  of  Farmington,  2nd, 
Jonathan  Fierce,  Sept.  11,  1729.  He  died  Oct.  2."..  L765;  Jonathan,  bn.  July  23,  1G79; 
Stephen,  Feb.  2,  1GS0;  Mary,  Jan.  2,  1682,  md.  John  Kelsey;  Enoch,  Apl.  5,  1683;  Sarah, 
Apl.  8,  1685,  md.  John  Welton;  Hannah,  Jan.  13,  1689;  Abigail,  Jan.  3,  1691,  md.  John 
Noble;  Comfort,  Dec.  7,  1692,  and  Ebenezer,  Sept.  12,  1697.  She  died  Dec.  10,  1712.  He 
died  Mar.  3,  1713,  aged  63,  and  left  a  good  landed  estate  to  his  family,  to  his  wife 
Rachel  he  gave  a  share  of  his  estate  for  her  lifetime,  to  fall  at  her  death  to  her  grand- 
son Ezekiel,  son  of  his  eldest  son,  Ezekiel. 

Ezekiel  Buck,  son  of  Ezekiel  of  Weathersfield,  bn.  Jan.  8,  1676,  at  Rocky  Hill,  md. 
Sarah  Bronson,  Jan.  13,  1698,  and  settled  in  New  London,  having  a  large  family,  Sarah 
bn.  Feb.  8,  1701.  The  oldest  son,  Ezekiel.  bn.  Mar.  5,  1699,  came  from  Weathersfield  to 
Litchfield  and  thence  to  New  Milford  and  md.  Lydia,  dau.  of  Samuel  Brownson,  Dec.  15, 
1724,  and  had  8  children  I  she  died  1745):  Abishur,  bn.  Nov.  10,  1725,  at  Litchfield; 
Experience.  June  28.  1727;  Ephraim,  Sept.  25.  1729;  John,  July  26,  1731;  Lydia,  Apl.  27, 
17:::;;  Sarah,  Oct.  5,  1735;  Bariah,  Oct.  25,  173S,  and  Rebecca,  June  7.  1741.  md.  Simeon 
Baldwin.  In  1712,  he  and  his  sons  petitioned  to  the  town  of  Weathersfield  to  be  set  off 
by  themselves  as  a  parish,  which  was  granted  and  called  Newington. 

Enoch,  son  of  Ezekiel  of  Weathersfield,  bn.  Apl.  5.  1683,  md.  Mary,  dau.  of  Samue! 
Beebe  of  Newington  and  New  Milford,  May  2nd,  1717,  and  settled  there,  having  a  large 
family  of  which  James,  born  about  1724.  md.  Elizabeth,  dau.  of  William  Sherman,  Feb. 
25,  1748,  she  was  sister  of  Roger  Sherman  and  bn.  July  17.  1723.  died  Jan.  9,  1793,  in  her 
70th  year.  He  died  Jan.  28,  1793,  aged  67  years.  Josiah,  their  son.  born  about  1756, 
md.  Mary  Towner  of  Sherman  and  his  son  Josiah,  Jr.,  md.  Hannah,  dau.  of  Silas  and 
sister  of  James  Deane  of  Weathersfield,  Dec.  29,  1774.  Samuel  Beebe  Buck  bn.  1751, 
who  md.  Harriet  Fairchild,  Aug.  31,  1775,  was  also  son  of  James  and  Elizabeth.  He 
settled  in  New' Preston  Society  and  later  at  New  Milford  in  1790.  She  was  born  Feb. 
20,  1753,  and  died  Sept.  26,  1825,  aged  72.     He  died  Mar.  26,  1834,  aged  83. 

Capt.  William  Buck,  bn.  in  1723,  son  of  Enoch  and  Mary,  md.  Deborah,  dau.  of 
Eliab  Farnam  of  Norwich  and  resided  in  New  Milford.  He  removed  to  Wyoming,  Penn., 
about  1763.  Appointed  captain  of  Militia  and  held  other  offices  at  Westmoreland,  now 
Wilkes-Barre,  and  Charlestown,  Pa.,  from  1764.  Was  slain  in  Indian  and  Tory  Massacre 
of  1778  with  his  son  Aholiab  and  grandson  William,  a  boy  of  14,  son  of  Ashael.  The 
rest  of  the  family  with  Lieut.  Elijah  and  Ashael.  his  sons,  fled  to  Connecticut,  but  went 
back  to  their  farms  after  the  war.  Only  two  children  are  found  on  the  New  Milford 
records,  Abiel,  bn.  July  12,  1745,  and  Mary,  bn.  Nov.  2,  1746,  although  there  was  an 
older  brother  Eben,  who  settled  near  Athens,  Pa.,  before  1788,  and  had  two  sons,  Elijah 
and  William.  The  Bucks  of  Pennsylvania  and  New  York  State  are  said  to  be  descended 
mostly  from  these  families.  (Orcutt's  Hist,  of  New  Milford,  and  Miner's  Hist,  of 
Wyoming. ) 

Daniel,  son  of  Enoch  and  Mary,  md.  Ann  Denton  of  Nine  Partners,  Ct,  Dec.  9,  L756. 
Children:  4  daus.,  Anna  md.  William  Bennet,  Feb.  2,  1768,  of  Sharon,  Ct.;  Eunice,  md. 
Daniel  Taylor  of  New  Milford,  Feb.  14,  1778,  2nd,  Nathan  Rowley  of  Oblong,  Feb.  21, 
lTxii;  Phoebe  md.  Ebenezer  Herrick  Oct.  14,  17N2;  and  Zerma  md.  Gideon  Spencer  Nov. 
14,  1784  (Sharon,  Ct.,  records,  1897),  and  removed  from  New  Milford  where  he  had  held 
town  offices  and  served  in  the  New  Milford  militia,  4th  Reg.,  1758,  to  Norwich,  Vt.,  in 
1790,  where  he  was  one  of  the  promoters  for  the  formation  of  a  new  colony  from  a  part 
of  New  York. 

Gilbert,  son  of  Enoch  and  Mary,  removed  from  Adams,  Mass.,  to  Farmington,  Ct., 
and  thence  to  Farmington,  Ontario  Co.,  N.  Y.,  named  from  Farmington,  Hartford  Co.,  Ct. 

Stephen  Buck,  son  of  Ezekiel  and  Rachel,  bn.  Fell.  2.  16.su,  md.  Anna  Johnson  Apl. 
11,  1703,  of  Southington,  Ct.,  and  settled  there  in  1728. 

Jonathan  Buck,  son  of  Ezekiel  and  Rachel,  born  July  2::.  1679,  md.  1st,  Mary  An- 
drews (2nd  cousin)  Mar.  4.  1700,  and  had  6  children:  Ebenezer,  1701;  Rirth,  bn.  1702; 
Lydia,  1703;  Sarah,  1704;  Jonathan,  Jr.,  1705.  who  md.  Betsy  Bostwick  Jan.  9,  1732; 
Moses.  1706,  who"  md.  Eunice  Miles  Sept.  29,  1730,  they  had  one  son,  Samuel,  bn.  June  26, 
1731;   she  died  Nov.   19,  1732;    Mary  and   Joseph,    1707,   who  md.  Ann.  dau.  of  William 


45 


Saml.  Buck  Family.     Joseph  Buck  Family.     Jonathan  Buck.  Jr.,  Family.     Lemuel  Buck 

Finn  ill/,      isaac  Buck  Family. 

Gould,  June  5,  172S,  and  died  in  1770.  After  his  first  wife  died  in  1713,  he  md.  2nd,  Mary 
Oreutt  of  New  Milford  May  2,  1715,  and  settled  there  with  his  family  in  1717.  and  they 
had  5  children:  Comfort,  bn.  Apl.  19,  1717,  md.  William  Ostrander  of  Duchess  Co.,  N.  Y., 
June  2,  1739;  Aaron,  bn.  1720,  md.  Abigail  Bostwick,  June  24.  175.0,  of  N.  M.;  Thankful, 
bn.  Apl.  30.  172:'.:  and  Martin  and  Timothy   (twins),  Oct.,  172.". 

Samuel,  son  of  Moses  and  Eunice,  bn.  June  26,  1731,  md.  Phoebe  Dayton,  May  12, 
1750.  She  died  Nov.  26,  1761.  He  md.  2nd  wife.  Mehitable  McCoy,  July  1,  17G2,  and  had 
children:  Eunice,  bn.  Nov.  11,  1757;  Molly,  bn.  July  5.  175S;  Falley,  Oct.  25,  17G7;  Phoebe, 
Dec.   14,   1759;    and  Daniel,   Aug.   14.   1769. 

Joseph,  son  of  Jonathan  and  Mary  Buck,  born  1707,  md.  Ann,  dau.  of  William  and 
Abigail  Gould,  son  of  Job  Gould  of  New  Milford.  June  5.  172S;  children:  Jonathan,  bn. 
Mar.  19,  1729,  md.  Mary,  dau.  of  John  Andrews.  Mar.  4,  1750;  Lemuel,  bn.  Sept.  6,  1732, 
md.  Bertha  MeEwen.  Aug.  27,  1755;  Isaac,  bn.  1735.  md.  Feb.  10,  175S,  Elizabeth  Waters, 
bn.  Nov.  It;.  17:;2.  at  Sutton.  Mass.:  Abel.  bn.  Sept.  23.  173G;  David,  bn.  Aug.  2,  1741;  and 
Lucy,  bn.  Feb.  IS,  1747. 

Jonathan.  Jr..  son  of  Jonathan  and  Mary  Buck,  bn.  about  1705,  md.  Betsy  Bostwick, 
Jan.  9,  1732,  issue:  Phoebe,  bn.  Mar.  IS.  1734;  Louis,  June  5,  173G;  Betty,  Jan.  2G,  1739; 
Zeaba,  Sept.  26,  1742;  Anna,  Jan.  13.  1715;  Jonathan,  Sept.  6,  1748;  and  Zadoc.  Feb.  23. 
1750.  Betsy  Buck,  wife  of  Jonathan,  Jr.,  was  a  weaver  and  did  "set  work  and  Rhine 
work  in  1735"  at  New  Milford. 

Lemuel,  son  of  Joseph  and  Ann  Buck,  bn.  Sept.  G,  1732,  md.  Bertha  Macuen  of  Scot- 
tish descent,  Apl.  27.  1755.  issue  s  children  (Bible  record):  Lemuel,  Jr.,  bn.  Apl.  8,  1758; 
Joseph,  bn.  Oct.  11.  1760,  joined  the  British  army,  became  a  captain,  settled  in  Canada; 
Robert,  bn.  Oct.  18,  1762,  joined  American  army;  Gould,  bn.  Mar.  19,  1765;  George,  bn. 
Nov.  17,  1766;  Elijah,  bn.  Aug.  30,  1770;  Zadoc  and  Nathan  (twins),  bn.  May  26,  1773; 
and  Samuel.  Lemuel  Buck  was  a  miller  by  trade,  had  a  grist  mill,  and  furnished  grain 
for  the  American  Continental  Army.  He  emigrated  with  his  family  from  New  Milford 
to  Arlington,  Vt..  in  1769  and  removed  from  there  to  Fairfax,  Vt.,  in  the  winter  of  1790 
with  ox  team,  where  he  had  purchased  a  tract  of  land  of  1,400  acres  of  Elias  Jackson 
of  Sudbury,  Ct..  and  Elias  Marble  of  Salisbury,  Litchfield  Co.,  Ct.  afterward  known  as 
"Buck  Hollow."  Vt. 

Isaac,  son  of  Joseph  and  Ann  Buck.  bn.  in  1735.  md.  Feb.  Hi,  1758,  Elizabeth  Waters, 
bn.  Nov.  16,  1732,  at  Sutton,  Mass.,  children;  Eunice,  bn.  Nov.  11.  175S;  Elizabeth,  bn. 
Nov.  28,  1760;  Isaac,  Jr.,  bn.  May  2:'.,  176";  William,  bn.  Aug.  1765;  Samuel  (my  grand- 
father) bn.  Nov.  12,  176S;  Alfred,  bn.  .May  28,  1771;  and  Betsy,  bn.  in  1773.  He  emi- 
grated from  New  Milford  to  Pittsford.  Vt.,  in  spring  of  177o,  being  the  5th  settler  there. 
He  served  in  the  Colonial  and  Revolutionary  wars,  dying  on  field  of  battle  at  Quebec, 
Jan.  20,  1776,  and  is  buried  beneath  the  ramparts.  This  is  the  outlined  history  of  our 
families  as  given  by  the  most  authentic  sources. 

The  Genealogy  of  the  Buck  Family  for  the  six  preceding  generations,  being  given  as: 

1st  Emanuel  (or  Enoch  I,  Henry  and  Thomas,  (brothers,  sons  or  cousins  of  William 
of  England,  and  Wobin.  Mass.,  who  emigrated  from  England  between  1635  and  1645). 

2nd  Ezekiel,  John,  Jonathan.  Mary,  David,  Sarah,  Hannah,  Elizabeth,  Thomas  and 
Abigail — children  of  Emanuel. 

3rd  Ezekiel,  Rachel.  Jonathan,  Stephen.  Mary.  Enoch,  Sarah,  Hannah,  Abigail, 
Comfort,  and  Ebenezer — children  of  Ezekiel. 

4th  Ebenezer,  Hannah,  William,  Rachel,  Dorothy.  Jerusa,  Grace,  Abigail,  James. 
Jacob,  and  Daniel — children  of  Enoch. 

5th  Gilbert,  Hannah,  Philander.  Sally,  Daniel,  Assur,  George.  Rachel,  and  Clara — 
children  of  Ebenezer. 

6th  Ruth,  Lydia,  Sarah,  Jonathan,  Moses,  Joseph,  Aaron,  and  Thankful — living 
children  of  Jonathan. 


46 


Descendants  of  Emanuel  Buck  of  Weathers  field,  Conn. 

RECORDS  OP  WEATHERSP1E1.D.  CONN..  BY  S.  G.  DRAKE,  1861. 
New  England  Register,  Vol.   L5,  Page  297   (  with  notes). 

Buck.  Emanuel  and  Sarah  his  wife  (Sarah  Ryley),  married  in  1(145. 

Buck,  Emanuel  and  Sarah's  first  child,  Ezekiel,  born  Jan.  15,  1650. 

Buck,   Emanuel  married  Mary  Kirby,  age  31,  of  Middletown,  Ct,  Apl.  15,  1658. 

Buck.  Henry  and  Elizabeth  Churchill,  his  wife,  married  Oct.  31,  1660. 

(Henry   Buck,  bn.   1623.  died  July  7,  1712,  aged  SO). 

Buck,  Thomas  and  Deborah  Hews  of  Guilford,  Ct.,  married  Oct.  10,  1665. 

Buck,   Ezekiel   and   Rachel   Boebe.  married   Mar.   10,   1675. 

Buck,  Samuel  and  Sarah  Butler  (dan.  of  Dea.  Samuel  Butler)  married  Jan.  23,  1690. 

Buck,  David,  Jr.,  (son  of  David,  bn.  Sept.  13,  1695),  and  Eunice  Treat,  married  Dec. 
was  son   of  Emanuel),   married  Jan.   14,   1690. 

Buck,  Ezekiel,  Jr.  and  Sarah  Bronson,  married  Jan.  13,  169S. 

Buck,  Stephen  (son  of  Ezekiel,  bn.  Feb.  6,  1080),  and  Anna  Johnson  (were  at  South- 
ington,  Ct.,  in  172S),  married  Apl.  11,  1703. 

Buck,  Isaac  (son  of  Henry  and  Elizabeth,  bn.  Apl.  12,  1693)  and  Elizabeth  Wright 
(dau.  of  James  and  Mary  (Rosei    Wright,  bn.  Sept.  1,  1693).  married  Nov.  25,  171S. 

Buck,  David,  Jr.,  (grandson  of  David,  bn.  Sept.  13.  1695),  and  Eunice  Treat,  married 
Dec.  19,  1723. 

Buck,  Peletiah  (son  of  Samuel  and  Sarah,  bn.  Sept.  2d,  169S),  and  Lydia  Stoddart. 
(dau.  of  Rev.  Solomon  Stoddart  of  Mass.),  married  Mar.  25,  1724. 

Buck,  Samuel,  son  of  Samuel,  bn.  July  12,  1705,  and  Sarah  House  of  Glastonbury, 
dau.  of  John,  married  Dec.  28.  1727. 

Buck,  Josiah  and  Ann  Deming  of  Boston,  married  May  28,  1731. 

Buck,  Peletiah,  Jr.,  and  Hannah  Hills,  married  Nov.  9.  1755. 

Buck,  John  and  Sarah  Hurlbut,  married  Feb.  10,  1757. 

Buck,  Titus  and  Caroline  Seward,  married  Oct.  1,  1760. 

Buck,  Samuel  (son  of  Samuel  and  Sarah  House,  bn.  July  12,  1705,  died  Oct.  17, 
1758)  and  Elizabeth  Pairchild,  son  born  May  7,  1762. 

Buck,  Daniel  (born  April  23,  1742)  and  Sarah  Salstonstall  of  New  London  (dau.  or 
sister  of  Gov.  Gen.  Gurdon  Salstonstall  of  Conn.  1684-1724,  married  Dec.  3,  1775. 

Buck,  Jesse  and  Ann  Goodrich  of  Chatham,  dau.  born  Dec.  4,  1775. 

Buck,  Josiah,  Jr.,  (son  of  Josiah  and  Mary)  and  Hannah  Deane  (dau.  of  Hon.  Silas 
Deane  of  Groton,  Mass.)   son  born  Dec.  29,  1775. 

Buck,  Josiah,  Sr.,  (born  1756,  was  son  of  James  and  Elizabeth  and  nephew  of  Josiah 
and  Ann)  and  Mary  Towner  of  Sherman  ( N.  E.  Reg.  Vol.  15,  pages  297-8).  He  died 
July  15,   1813,  aged   57. 

Buck,  Samuel  Beebe  (born  1751,  son  of  James  and  Elizabeth)  and  Harriet  Pairchild 
(N.  E.  Reg.  Vol.  15)  married  Aug.  31,  1775. 

Mary  Kirby  was  dau.  of  John,  son  of  Joseph  of  Rowington,  near  Kenilworth.  War- 
wickshire. Eng.,  first  emigrant,  came  over  in  the  Hopewell  1635,  aged  12  years,  and  it  is 
quite  certain  that  Emanuel's  first  wife  was  Sarah,  sister  of  John  Ryley,  formerly  of 
Norfolk.  Eng.,  as  he  calls  him  brother  in  his  will  of  May  13,  1674.  (See  page  2S0).  He 
also  had  a  dau.  Sarah  and  casually  mentions  Enoch  and  Henry  elsewhere  as  near  rel- 
atives. 


47 


The  Will  of  John  Rijlcy. 

The  will  of  John  Ryley  (formerly  of  Norfolk,  Eng. )  now  of  Weathersfield,  Ct.,  Invt. 
£688:  04:00.  Taken  June  11th,  1674,  by  John  Nott,  son,  John  Kilbourn,  Enoch  Buck  and 
Eleazer  Kimberly,  Wit.     Will  dated  May  13,  1674. 

To  ray  son  John  Ryley — the  house  lot  I  bought  of  John  Dickinson — the  4  acres  land 
at  the  lower  East  end  of  Beaver  Meadow  which  I  had  by  exchange  of  John  Betts — The 
V--  of  that  Land  I  bought  of  Will  Gull,  lying  in  the  Plaine — 2  acres  of  my  Plaine  at  the 
South  Field  wch  2  acres  shall  be  on  the  north  side  of  it.  The  y*  of  that  land  wch  shall 
by  Division  fall  to  me  on  the  East  side  of  the  Great  River. 

I  do  give  to  my  son  Joseph  that  House  and  Homelott  which  I  had  by  exchange  of 
Thos  Couch — Item — the  other  half  of  ye  Land  of  ye  Plaine  which  I  bought  of  Will  Gull 
— Item — 2  acres  of  my  Pasture  at  South  Field  next  to  his  brother  John — Item,  The  other 
half  the  Land  which  by  Division — shall  fall  to  me  on  the  East  side  of  the  Great  River — 
Also  I  give  him  my  gray  mare  anil  her  Colt,  only  I  enjoyn  my  son  Joseph  to  pay  to  his 
sister  Mary  £10.  in  Current  pay  of  the  Country  2  years  after  the  Lands  shall  come  to  his 
Hands. 

To  son  Jonathan  3  acres  at  lower  End  of  meadow  between  John  Daneon  Jr.  and 
Samuel  Boreman — Item  4  acres  in  Beaver  Meadow  between  Goodman  Churchill  and 
Jonathan  Damon — Item — 8  acres  at  Rocky  Hill — Item — my  Lott  of  50  acres  or  there- 
abouts In  ye  Woods  or  West  Division — Further — my  will  is  with  reference  to  these  my 
three  sons  John,  Joseph  and  Jonathan,  that  my  wife  their  Mother  shall  have  the  thirds 
of  all  the  yearly  products  and  Increase  of  such  of  the  Lands  bequeathed  unto  them  as 
are  improvable  at  rny  Decease,  and  this  she  shall  have  during  her  life — Item — I  do  give 
my  daughter  Mary  besides  ye  £10.  above  mentioned  £20.  more  wch  my  Executor  and 
Adms  shall  pay  out  of  my  Estate — Item — I  do  give  my  daughter  Grace  t'20.  to  be  paid 
by  Executor  when  she  is  of  age — Item — I  give  to  my  daughter  Sarah  t'20.  when  she  shall 
come  to  age — Item — I  give  to  my  2  youngest  sons  Jacob  and  Isaac,  this  house  in  which 
I  now  dwell — Item — 5  acres  of  Land  at  the  Pond,  5  acres  more  or  less  of  Meadow 
Ground  within  ye  Meadow  Gate — Item — 4  acres  in  ye  Plaine  between  Lands  of  Mr.  Rob- 
bins  and  John  Dickinson — Item — 4  acres  of  Pasture  at  South  Field,  which  is  the  re- 
mainder from  that  before  bequeathed.  All  which  Housing  and  Lands  shall  be  equally 
divided  between  these  my  2  sons  Jacob  and  Isaac,  after  the  decease  of  their  mother. 

To  my  three  older  sons  my  Carpenter  Tooles — I  appoint  my  wife  sole  Executrix — 
I  desire  Mr.  Bulkley.  my  brother  John  Belding  My  Brother  Emanuel  Buck  and  my 
Cousin  Michael  Griswold  to  be  Overseers.     John  X.  Ryley — Lo. 

Witnesses — Greshem  Bulkley  and  Michael  Griswold. 

Court  Record,  pg.  143,  Sept.  3,  1674. — Will  Approved. 

East  side  of  the  Great  River  (Conn.)  is  now  called  Glastenbury.  Rocky  Hill  is  just 
below  Weathersfield  and  opposite  South  Glastenbury. 


48 


BUCK    /  \  . 


BUCK 


A.  A 


_ 


■ 


Voburf^TflasA-. 


A 


Wm.  and  Roger  Buck  Family.     Haverhill.  Mass..  and  Buck-sport.  Me.,  Branch.     Woburn, 

Mass..  and   Woburn.  Bedfordshire,  Eng.     Wm.  and  Roger  Buried  at  Cambridge,    l/'/.s.v. 

Woburn,  Mass.     Bucks  of  Eng.  and  this  Country. 

Roger  Buck,  son  of  William,  bn.  in  England  in  1617,  came  with  his  father  to 
America  in  ship  Increase,  Robert  Lea,  Master,  Apr.  15,  1630,  settled  and  died  in  Woburn, 
Mass.,  Nov.  10,  1693,  md.  in  1640,  Susannah,  who  died  in  spring  of  1665.  They  had  7 
children,  3  sons  and  4  daus.  as  follows:  1st.  Samuel,  bn.  Feb.  6,  1643,  and  died  Sept. 
21,  1690,  md.  Abigail,  dau.  of  Jonathan  Weyman,  cornet  and  farmer  of  Woburn,  bn.  July 
13,  1661,  children:  Nathaniel,  bn.  July  16.  1672,  (killed  by  the  Indians)  ;  Hannah,  bn. 
Jan.  3,  1675,  died  April  3,  1675;  Rachel,  bn.  July  15,  1676,  md.  Jabez  Brooks,  Dec.  18, 
1694;  Anna,  bn.  Aug.  18,  1680;  Sarah,  bn.  July  5,  1684,  and  Samuel,  bn.  Dec.  3,  1686, 
died  April  15,  1778,  md.  Hannah,  dau.  of  Peter  Fowle,  bn.  July  31.  1690,  and  died  Dec. 
2d,  1720,  issue:   Abigail,  bn.  June  1st.  1691,  md.  about  1711. 

2d,  John,  bn.  Sept.  13,  1644,  md.  Rachel  Leaven,  Mar.  16,  1670,  and  resided  in 
Menotomy. 

3d,  Ephraim,  bn.  Oct.  11.  1646,  died  in  Wilmington,  April  7,  1739,  md.  1st  Abigail 
Pierce,  July  26,  1667.  2d.  wife.  Mary  Wood,  in  1679.  Children:  Sarah,  bn.  Jan.  11, 
1674,  md.  a  Cower;  John.  bn.  Jan.  1,  1675,  died  in  infancy;  Ephram,  bn.  July  13,  1676, 
md.  about  1697.  Sarah,  dau.  of  John  and  Eunice  (Mousal)  Brooks,  sister  of  Jabez  Brooks, 
bn.  Jan.  1,  1671.  He  died  in  north  part  Woburn,  now  Wilmington,  in  1720.  He  lived  on 
"Old  Buck  farm."  The  home  is  still  standing.  John,  bn.  Feb.  7,  1680,  died  Nov.  24,  1752, 
md.  Precilla  and  had  son  John,  who  had  sons,  Abijah  and  Nathaniel,  settled  in  Buck- 
field.  Mass.;  Samuel,  bn.  Nov.  1,  1682,  died  unmarried,  Sept,  21,  1690;  Eunice,  bn.  July 
11.  1685,  never  married;  Ebenezer,  bn.  May  20,  1689.  md.  Nov.  25,  1713,  first,  Lydia.  dau. 
of  Samuel  and  Mary  Ames,  bn.  Oct.  28.  1694,  and  had  1  dau.  and  2  sons;  md.  2d  wife. 
Judith  Wood,  Feb.  21.  1722,  and  had  Jacob,  bn.  June  10,  1731.  who  md.  Hannah  Eames 
of  Boxford  and  had  son  Samuel,  bn.  Feb.  25,  1759.  By  1st  wife  had  a  son  Jonathan  (Col.), 
bn.  Feb.  20,  1719,  who  removed  with  his  father  in  1723  to  Haverhill,  Mass.,  where  he 
md.  Lydia  Moore  of  Newbury  Oct.  9,  1743.  and  in  1762  to  Bucksport,  Maine,  having  many 
children  of  the  Bucksport  branch,  and  Mary,  dau.  of  Ephraim,  bn.  Oct.  28,  1961,  md . 
Nathaniel  Pike. 

4th,  Mary,  bn.  June  25,  1648,  died  Aug.  3,  1669,  unmarried. 

5th,  Ruth,  bn.   Nov.,   1653,  md.  Thomas  Baverick. 

6th,  Lydia,  bn.  Nov.  23,  1655,  md.  Nov.  3,  1672,  John  Bliss. 

7th,  Elizabeth,  bn.  July  5,  1657,  md.  Josiah  Wood  in  1675. 

William  and  his  son.  Roger,  went  direct  to  Woburn  and  built  a  house  on  20 
acres.     He  was  a  maker  of  plows  and  set  up  his  shop  in  West  Field. 

Roger  had  10  acres  granted  him  in  the  early  settlement;  it  butted  on  the  stream  be- 
tween Woburn  and  Cambridge  now  called  Raymond   St..  on  the  Charles. 

Woburn  is  named  after  Woburn.  Bedfordshire.  Eng.,  25  miles  west  of  Cambridge  and 
45  north  of  London  on  the  Ouse,  with  outlet  to  the  sea  at  King's  Lynn.  Woburn  Abbey, 
the  finest  edifice  in  the  county,  a  very  grand  and  capacious  pile,  situated  in  an  ex- 
tensive park  and  furnished  with  a  large  and  valuable  collection  of  paintings  and  statuary 
and  library,  now  belongs  to  the  Duke  of  Bedford,  as  a  titled  and  distinguished  residence 
and  inheritance. 

The  agricultural  implement  works  at  Bedford  level  of  the  Ouse  valley,  the  center  of 
rich  pastures,  market  gardens  and  corn  lands  along  the  Great  Northern  Railway,  now 
employs  about  1.000  hands  in  1872.  It  is  here  in  its  earlier  years  that  William  and 
Roger  are  supposed  to  have  learned  and  followed  their  trade. 

William  is  buried  in  the  old  cemetery  at  Cambridge,  his  wife,  name  unknown,  may 
have  died  before  or  after  his  departure  from  England  and  the  number  of  children 
uncertain  but  that  there  were  younger  and  perhaps  older  children  left  behind  is  quite 
probable. 

Woburn,  Middlesex  Co..  10  miles  northwest  of  Boston,  one  of  the  oldest  towns  in  Mas- 
sachusetts, settled  in  1642,  now  comprises  within  its  limits  four  manufacturing  villages 
of  greater  or  less  size,  besides  a  small  rural  population.  The  town  contains  75  miles  of 
streets.  It  is  on  the  Charles  River  and  Boston  &  Maine  R.  R.,  with  a  population  in  1910 
of  15,308. 

The  English  counties  of  Lincoln,  Suffolk,  Norfolk  and  York  furnished  the  great  bulk 
of  the  early  Massachusetts  and  Connecticut  settlers  to  this  country  and  the  Bucks  were 
mostly  settled  in  York,  Lincoln  and  Norfolk  counties,  which  border  on  the  west  coast 
of  England  opposite  Flanders  at  Old  Hingham  and  Old  Buckingham,  which  are  near 
each  other  in  Norfolk  Co.,  not  far  from  London,  where  they  readily  shipped  to  this 
country;    settling  along  the  coast  at  Woburn,   New   Hingham   and  Weathersfield   from 

49 


Emanuel  Adopts  Name  Enoch.     Was  a  Miller.   Millwright,  Farmer.     Sons  Esekiel  and 

David  Sawyers.    Josiah  ami  Daniel  Buck.     Buck  House  Built  1775  Still  Standing.    Old 

Elm   Tree  Planted   17~6  still  Standing. 

which  they  diverged  as  the  country  expanded.  Of  this  number  came  or  appeared 
Emanuel,  or  Enoch  Buck,  and  md.  for  2d  wife  Mary  Kirby,  dau.  of  John  Kirljy.  The 
Kirbys,  as  well  as  the  Bucks  were  from  an  old  Yorkshire  family.  The  descendants  of 
Emanuel  Buck  by  1st  wife.  Sarah,  do  not  seem  to  have  remained  in  Weathersfield,  but 
to  have  joined  other  settlements  in  various  .parts  of  the  country. 

There  is  a  tradition  still  extant  among  the  old  residents  of  Weathersfield  that  the 
first  of  that  name  was  originally  called  Emanuel  and  that  when  he  asked  for  admission 
into  the  settlement  his  petition  was  granted  on  the  understanding  that  he  would  change 
liis  name  Emanuel  (God  with  us  I  "being  no  proper  name  for  any  man  to  bear," 
whereupon  he  adopted  the  name  of  Enoch  (consecrated)  and  then  was  admitted  and  so 
bore  both  names.  {Dr.  A.  H.  Buck).  His  first  occupation  was  that  of  a  millwright, 
miller,  blacksmith  and  farmer,  all  necessarily  combined  in  those  early  times,  and 
Ezekiel's  that  of  a  sawyer  with  a  sawmill  on  the  Connecticut  River  for  sawing  and  sid- 
ing lumber  and  staves.  The  timber  used  was  mostly  pine  for  lumber,  and  oak  for  staves 
and  heads  were  raved  and  put  into  bundles  and  shocks  and  shipped  to  the  West  Indies 
and  other  foreign  ports  there  to  be  used  for  hogsheads,  pipes  and  casks  for  molasses, 
sugar,  rum  and  tobacco. 

Ezekiel  Buck  in  16TG  lived  on  west  side  Rocky  Hill.  Weathersfield.  David  Buck, 
son  of  Emanuel,  was  a  sawyer  in  1695.  Enoch,  son  of  Ezekiel,  was  at  Newington  and 
Ezekiel,  son  of  Ezekiel,  Jr..  and  grandson  of  Emanuel  was  at  Rocky  Hill  and  md.  Sarah 
Bronson  Jan.  13.  169S,  dau.  of  John  Bronson,  of  Farmington. 

Isaac,  son  of  Jonathan,  son  of  Emanuel,  was  early  at  Litchfield.  Conn.,  about  1675 
to  1700.  Isaac  Buck,  bn.  about  1676.  md.  Elizabeth,  dau.  of  James  Wright.  Nov.  25.  1718. 
at  Weathersfield.  Was  one  of  the  petitioners  Apr.  11,  1715,  for  Newington.  His  annual 
church  tax  was  £1  sh.  11.  He  was  son  of  Jonathan,  bn.  April  8,  1655.  son  of  Emanuel  and 
Sarah,  and  owned  a  lot  next  north  of  James  Francis  in  Berkley's  Quarter,  Rocky  Hill, 
Berton,  Worthington.  1716,  part  of  which  was  taken  as  a  highway.  (Berkley's  Grant 
310  acres,  Oct.  8,  1668,  1715,  1785).  Samuel  was  son  of  Isaac,  he  md.  Mary,  dau.  of 
Caleb  Andrews,  son  of  John  of  Newington.  Josiah  Buck  md.  May  28,  1731,  Ann  Deming, 
bn.  1711,  dau.  of  Charles  Deming  of  Boston,  grandson  of  John  Deming,  one  of  the  first 
settlers  of  Weathersfield.  Daniel  Buck,  bn.  April  23,  1742,  younger  son,  md.  Dec.  3, 
1775,  Sarah  Salstonstall,  dau.  of  Gen.  Gurdon  Salstonstall  and  grandfather  of  Gurdon 
Salstonstall.  Gov.  of  Conn.,  1708-1724.  After  Josiah  Buck,  who  md.  Ann  Deming,  1731, 
came  Daniel  Buck,  1775,  grandfather  of  Henry  Buck,  son  of  David  Buck  later  of 
Weathersfield,  who  still  lives  in  the  old  homestead  in  that  town  1908  and  is  now  the 
oldest  representative  of  the  Buck  family  there.  House  built  in  1775,  corner  of  Weathers- 
field Avenue  and  Jordan  Lane  with  a  large  elm  tree  on  south  side  corner,  front  of 
ancient  house  of  Weathersfield  except  for  the  modern  piazza  and  the  small  extension  at 
the  east  end  of  the  dwelling,  the  old  building  is  the  same  as  it  was  in  1775.  House 
two  stories,  three  second  story  windows  in  front  and  two.  one  on  each  side  doorway,  of 
first  or  street  floor,  two  windows  above  and  below  on  each  side,  with  cupola  and  piazza 
extending  on  front  and  sides,  now  occupied  by  Henry  Boardman  Buck  with  the  great 
elm  tree  towering  above  on  south  side  over  175  years  old. 

Henry  Buck  md.  Elizabeth,  dau.  of  Josias  and  Elizabeth  (Foote)  Churchill,  Oct.  31, 
1660.  Town  granted  him  land  for  blacksmith  shop  in  1658.  He  died  at  Weathersfield 
July  7th,  1712,  age  S6.  Henry  Buck.  Jr.,  bn.  1662,  md.  Rachel  -  -  of  New  London  and 
moved  first  to  New  London  and  then  to  Fairfield,  N.  J.,  about  1692.  He  died  in  1726, 
leaving  large  estate.  Will  dated  Feb.  9,  1726,  and  recorded  in  Trenton.  Children:  Henry, 
Ephraim.  Jeremiah.  Dayton  and  Judith,  with  descendants  residing  on  Buckhill,  Atlantic 
Co.  (on  Tuckahoe  River  and  Ocean  and  Atlantic  City  Railway,  N.  J.).  Of  the  old  Elm  at 
Buck's  Corner,  in  the  year  1 77D  the  grandmother  of  Mr.  Henry  Buck  was  standing  at  the 
door  of  her  residence  built  the  year  before  in  1775,  when  an  old  Indian  woman  came  along 
with  baskets  and  an  elm  switch  and  bartered  for  a  quart  of  New  England  rum,  the  "fire 
water"  of  the  Indians  and  which  every  household  was  supposed  to  have  in  those  early 
times,  and  it  being  "a  wet  spring  time"  the  branch  was  stuck  in  the  ground  and  it  took 
root  and  grew  into  a  most  majestic  tree  now  18  feet  in  circumferance  and  80  feet  spread. 
Elm  tree,  supposed  age  185  years,  on  home  lot  owned  in  1646  by  Samuel  Boardman,  the 
first  settler.  A  photo  picture  of  this  elm  and  of  Henry  Buck's  house  may  be  seen  op- 
posite page  662  of  Vol.  1st  of  Dr.  Henrv  R.  Stiles'  "History  of  Ancient  Weathersfield, 
Conn.,"  1904. 

50 


ASTOfl.  LENC 


New  Milford  in  1819.     On   Housatonic  River  and  New  Preston  Turnpike.     Local  Settle- 
ments.   New  Milford  Village.     Jonathan  Buck  of  Weathersfield  and  New  Milford.    Resi- 
dence of  Poplar  Highway.     New  Milford  Bucks  from  Weathers  field  about  lll.'i.     Orcutt's 
History  of  Ncip  Milford  Genealogies.     Ezekiel  First  at  New  London.  1661. 

Enoch  Bucle,  171!). 

New  Milford  in  1S19  (as  described  in  State  Gazetteer  of  Conn.,)  was  a  large  and 
flourishing  post  town  in  the  southwestern  extremity  of  Litchfield  Co.,  Ct,  48  miles  from 
Hartford.  It  has  an  average  length  of  13  miles  and  an  average  breadth  of  6%  miles,  be- 
ing one  of  the  largest  townships  in  the  state.  There  are  three  bridges  across  the 
Housatonic  River  and  numerous  sites  for  mills  and  other  hydraulic  works.  The  town- 
ship is  hilly  and  broken,  several  mountain  ranges  extend  through  it.  and  there  are  several 
stone  and  marble  quarries  with  mills  for  sawing  it.  It  contains  also  a  pleasant  and 
flourishing  village  situated  on  a  plain  bordering  on  the  river.  The  village  has  sixty 
dwelling  houses  many  of  which  are  large,  neat  and  handsome  buildings,  six  churches,  a 
post  office,  machine  shops,  a  woolen  factory,  a  hat  factory,  four  grain  mills,  four  carding 
machines,  six  fulling  mills,  four  tanneries  and  seven  mercantile  stores  add  to  its  do- 
mestic industries.  The  New  Preston  turnpike  passes  through  the  town.  It  has  sixteen 
school  districts  and  schools,  four  doctors,  three  ministers  and  three  lawyers,  with  a  pop. 
of  3,537  in  1810.  In  this  as  well  as  all  other  towns  in  the  county  agriculture  is  the 
leading  and  principal  business  of  the  inhabitants.  The  fields  are  fertile  and  produc- 
tive affording  wheat,  rye,  corn,  oats  and  flax.  The  making  of  butter  and  cheese,  beef 
and  pork,  and  the  growing  of  wool  receive  considerable  attention. 

The  early  settlers  more  generally  preferred  to  locate  on  the  hills  and  he  nee  the  plain 
was  left  very  much  to  the  occupancy  of  the  inhabitants  of  the  town  for  clearing  up  the 
meadow  lands  until  about  1740  when  the  settlers  began  to  increase  more  rapidly  on  the 
adjoining  hills  and  gradually  on  the  river  plains  and  the  elevated  land  between  Still 
river  and  the  Housatonic  was  taken  up  quite  early  after  the  "iron  works"  started  there 
in  1733  and  so  followed  the  local  settlements  of  Prospect  and  Great  Buck  Hill  and  Long 
Meadow,  Lanesville  or  Northville  and  Bridgewater  or  Southville. 

The  village  of  New  Milford  lies  in  a  rich  alluvial  meadow  land  on  the  banks  of  the 
Housatonic  River  and  Railroad  and  with  its  semi-rural  streets,  venerable  trees  and 
old  residences  is  thus  rendered  interesting  and  made  doubly  so  as  endeared  by  our 
forefathers'  occupancy  and  has  the  reputation  of  being  also  one  of  the  prettiest  and  most 
typical,  ideal  and  attractive  villages  in  all  New  England.  Although  not  large  it  had  a 
pop.  5,010  in  1910. 

Jonathan  Buck,  bn.  July  23,  1679,  son  of  Ezekiel  Buck  and  Rachel  Andrews,  md. 
Mar.  4th.  1700,  Mary  Andrews  of  New  London  (prob.  his  cousin)  who  died  about  1713. 
With  his  brother,  Enoch  and  others,  he  removed  with  his  family  to  New  Milford  in  1717 
having  previously,  June  9,  1715.  md.  Mary  Orcutt  of  New  Milford,  and  purchased  of 
Daniel  Boardman  certain  property  rights  in  1701  in  the  New  Milford  grant  on  both 
sides  of  the  Housatonic  River.  The  first  was  Aspetuck  Hill,  next  north  of  the  parsonage 
lot  on  the  east  side  of  the  street  known  as  "Poplar  Highway."  This  he  called  his  home 
lot  and  on  it  built  his  residence  which  was  on  Poplar  Street  a  little  north  of  the  pres- 
ent residence  of  Mr.  William  D.  Black  and  this  he  eventually  sold  to  his  brother  Enoch 
and  built  on  the  second  tract  which  was  100  acres  adjoining  "his  home  lot."  The  third 
lot  was  40  acres  on  the  plain  west  of  the  river.  He  brought  with  him  several  children 
by  his  first  wife  and  several  more  were  added  to  his  family  after  his  arrival  at  New 
Milford  by  second  marriage.  Soon  after  he  arrived  he  joined  the  first  New  Milford 
Church  in  1718,  and  his  wife  joined  the  church  three  years  later,  suspended  or  sep- 
arated and  restored  in  1735.  He  followed  the  occupation  of  a  farmer  but  was  active 
in  public  matters  holding  town  offices  and  contributing  liberally  to  all  town  improve- 
ments. Was  prominent  in  making  the  "North  Purchase"  to  enlarge  the  township  and 
advancement  of  settlement  and  assisting  to  build  the  "School  House." 

Orcutt's  History  of  New  Milford.  Genealogies,  pages  670-673:  Buck,  first  family 
Buck,  Ezekiel,  settled  at  New  London  in  1661,  afterward  removed  to  Weathersfield  and 
Jonathan,  Enoch  and  Ezekiel  all  came  from  Weathersfield  to  New  Milford  of  the  first 
settlers.  First  school  1721.  First  bridge  over  the  Housatonic  River  at  New  Milford 
in  1731.  Jonathan  and  Enoch  Buck,  brothers,  came  from  Weathersfield  at  same  time, 
June  19,  1715.  Jonathan  brought  with  him  several  children  by  former  wife  and  had  as 
many  more  by  Mary  Orcutt,  whom  he  married  in  1715,  before  settling  here  in  New  Mil- 
ford'in  1717. 

Enoch  Buck  married  here  Mary  Beebe,  May  2d.  1717,  dau.  of  Samuel  Beebe,  who 
was  settled  here  in  1712.  Enoch  bought  Jonathan's  homestead  on  the  west  side  Poplar 
Street  in  1719.     He  had  bought  other  land  in  the  "Indian  field"  adjoining.     Jonathan,  also 

51 


Old  Buck  House.    Bostwicks  and  Northups  in   1706.    Bucks  of  New  Milford.    Marriages. 
Settlements.     But  k  and  Waters  us.  Buck  and  Barnes.     Isaac  Buck  of  Scituate,  Mass. 

had  other  lands  in  School  District  No.  11,  where  they  and  Jonathan  2d  lived  Jan.  3d, 
1782,  on  Aspetuck  hill,  near  Housatonic  River  and  on  the  plain  west  of  Grant  River. 
Aaron  Buck,  son  of  Theodore,  son  of  Salmon,  son  of  James  and  Elizabeth,  resided  in  the 
old  homestead  on  farm  north  of  the  village  near  the  Housatonic  River  and  R.  R.  and 
David  M.  Buck,  bn.  Jan.  3,  1813,  who  md.  Susan,  dau.  of  Silas  and  Polly  (Piatt  I  Hill. 
Mar.  30,  1S37.  He  died  Dec.  13,  187S.  She  died  Dec.  6.  1904.  Resided  on  farm  south  of 
the  village  on  Danbury  road.  Both  families  were  relatives  whom  we  visited  in  1S60 
and  61.  The  first  settlements  were  upon  the  hillsides  overlooking  the  valley  or  village 
which  they  seemed  to  prefer  for  various  reasons  of  outlook,  water,  pasturage,  fuel,  se- 
curity,  air  and   healthiness. 

The  Bostwicks  and  Northups  were  among  the  first  settlers  in  1706  of  New  Milford 
and  the  Bucks  followed  soon  after.  23  families  being  there  in  1719.  Jonathan  Buck, 
Jr.,  bought  land  in  1730  in  New  Milford  and  there  appears  to  be  two  Jonathan  Bucks  and 
Ebenezer  and  Joseph  in  1731  in  the  64  lots  of  "North  purchase."  Jonathan  Buck,  son 
of  Jonathan,  Jan.  6,  172S,  a  coppersmith,  and  Joseph  Buck  and  Enoch  Buck,  there  1787- 
1794.  Enoch  Buck,  a  carpenter  in  1729,  bought  7  acres  of  land  for  work  at  trade  (had 
family  of  6  males,  1st  census,  1790).  Jonathan  and  his  wife  and  Ann,  the  wife  of  Joseph, 
were  members  of  the  first  church  of  the  "Separatists"  in  1750  and  Jonathan  and  wife  in 
1750-1,  not  returning.  Jonathan  Buck  came  with  his  father.  Jonathan.  Sr.,  from  Weathers- 
field  to  New  Milford  in  1716  and  md.  Betsy,  dau.  of  Maj.  John  Bostwick  in  1733  and  had  7 
children. 

Ann.  the  wife  of  Joseph  Buck,  was  the  dau.  of  William  Gould,  the  millwright.  He 
was  son  of  Job  Gould,  one  of  the  first  settlers,  she  returned  to  the  church  in  1752.  They 
had  5  children,  viz.:   Isaac,  Lemuel.  Abel.   David  and   Lucy. 

Ephram  Buck  at  New  Milford  Mar.  13,  1780.  Inspector  of  provisions  in  the  Rev. 
Army  at  that  time,  lived  on  Danbury  road  from  New  Milford  June  19th.  1796.  Daniel 
Buck  there  April  25,  175S.  Samuel  Beehe  Buck  md.  Harriet  Fairchild  Aug.  31.  1775,  at 
New  Milford  and  was  there  with  family  of  2  males  and  6  females  1790  to  1X02.  Josiah.  Is- 
rael. James,  Ephraim,  Enoch.  Ezekiel.  Aseph  and  Benton  all  there  with  families  in  1790, 
and  Josiah,  Aseph,  and  Salmon  Buck,  land  owners  and  members  of  the  "Presbyterian 
Meeting  House."  April,  1802.  at  New  Milford. 

Ezekiel  Buck,  son  of  Ezekiel  came  from  WeathersnVld  to  Litchfield  and  thence  to 
New  Milford  and  md.  Lydia  Bronson  Dec.  15.  1724.  He  settled  at  what  is  now  Lanes- 
ville,  near  the  falls,  in  1725  or  6.  School  established  there  in  1734.  and  school  house 
built.  They  had  a  family  of  8  children  among  which  were  Ephraim  and  John.  John 
Buck,  son  of  Ezekiel.  bn.  July  26.  17:11.  sold  land  at  Still  River  Falls,  Great  Buck  Hill, 
now  Lanesville,  in  17S3,  and  Northville  later  on. 

John  Barnes,  son  of  John,  was  born  in  New  Fairfield,  Conn.,  Mar.  18.  1756.  His 
mother's  maiden  name  was  Waters.  She  was  sister  of  Samuel  Waters  of  Sutton,  Mass. 
His  father.  John,  died  in  the  armv  in  1775,  at  Quebec,  whose  father  was  also  John. 
Elizabeth  Barnes,  bn.  May  9th.  1793.  died  in  childhood.  Dec.  2fi.  1794.  dau.  of  John  and 
could  not  have  been  the  wife  of  Isaac  Buck  as  some  have  it,  but  Mercia  Barnes,  dau. 
of  James  Barnes,  of  New  Fairfield.  Conn.,  brother  of  John,  was  the  wife  of  Alfred  Buck, 
son  of  Isaac  and  Elizabeth  Waters  (her  aunt,  the  wife  of  Isaac  Buck)  md.  Feb  loth, 
1758.  Her  father-in-law.  Samuel  Waters,  came  to  Pittsford.  Vt,  in  1772,  from  "Bailmons 
Patton"  so-called  (Beekman's  Patent.  June  25.  1703),  Dutchess  Co..  N.  Y.,  in  1763.  He 
was  son  of  Samuel  Waters  of  Sutton.  Mass..  and  brother  of  Elizabeth.  Saybrook.  Conn.. 
Buck  family  records.  Samuel  Buck  died  April  23,  1709.  Isaac,  son  of  Samuel,  bn.  April 
12,  1693.  died  Nov.  20,  1779.  Jestus.  son  of  Isaac,  bn.  1750.  Jestus.  son  of  Jestus,  died 
at  Saybrook,  1852.     James  Park  Buck,  bn.  1815. 

Thomas  Buck  was  the  eldest  son  of  Isaac  and  Frances  Buck  of  Scituate.  Mass.,  and 
settled  in  Bridgewater.  Conn.,  before  1712  and  had  12  children,  4  were  sons,  some  of 
this  family  settled  in  Easton.  Mass.  Thomas  Buck,  Jr.,  and  wife.  Jane  Seymour  of 
Hebron,  Conn.,  had  sons,  Samuel,  bn.  May  21,  1750.  John,  bn.  April  13,  1752.  Daniel, 
bn.  Nov.  9.  1753.  Enoch,  bn.  Mar.  15.  1759,  and  David,  bn.  May  3d.  1761.  (Vital  Statis- 
tics). Benjamin  and  Thomas  families  there  in  1790  census  report.  Isaac  Buck  was  a 
blacksmith,  brother  of  John  on  "the  Buck  field,"  so-called  even  now,  near  the  harbor  at 
Scituate,  Mass.  Bay.  He  was  a  Lieut,  in  King  Philip's  War  and  repulsed  the  Indians 
with  great  bravery,  from  Scituate  in  Mar..  1676.  He  died  intestate  in  1695.  He  had  5 
sons  and  three  daus.  He  left  a  son,  Dea.  Isaac.  Jr..  who  md.  Eunice  Turner  of  Scituate. 
Conn.,  Oct.  24,  1684,  who  was  the  last  of  the  name  in  Scituate  and  he  deceased  more  than 
75  years  since. 

52 


Ikml.  Buck.    George  anil  Wrru.  Buck,  Des.  of  Saml.  and  Sarah,   17>X.     Northup  and   Buck. 

Daniel  Buck,  son  of  Enoch,  and  Isaac,  son  of  Joseph,  in  committee  Feb.  14,  1700,  for 
patent  to  settle  a  tract  of  land  in  the  province  of  New  York.  Isaac  at  that  time  was  at 
Litchfield  having  previously  md.  Elizabeth  Waters  of  Sutton,  Mass.,  Feb.  10,  1758,  and 
afterward  settling  at  Pittsford,  Vt.,  in  the  spring  of  1770,  and  Daniel  at  Nine  Partners 
(Friends),  Duchess  Co.,  N.  Y. 

We  also  find  a  George  Buck  with  wife,  son  and  2  daughters  at  Buckland,  East  Hart- 
ford, now  Manchester,  on  a  little  stream  running  through  "Hartford  Meadows"  and 
emptying  into  the  Connecticut  River  below  Hartford,  Conn.,  and  William  and  wife  with 
3  sons  and  2  daughters,  a  little  below  at  "Buckingham"  also  at  head  of  two  little  streams 
emptying  into  the  Connecticut  in  the  old  township  of  Weathersfield,  now  Glastonbury, 
Hartford  Co.,  Conn.,  where  Samuel  Buck  and  Sarah  House,  his  wife,  resided  in  1728. 
All  were  there  in  1790.     Census  report. 

Frederick  Buck  md.  Kate  V.  Northup  of  New  Milford,  dau.  of  J.  A.  Northup,  bn. 
Dec.  15,  1845,  and  Louisa  Powell  of  New  York  City.  John  Buck  md.  Esther,  dau.  of 
Philo  Northup,  died  Dec.  2d,  1882.  Philo  H.  Buck,  Learysville,  Pa.,  md.  Elizabeth,  oldest 
dau.,  bn.  about  1826,  of  Amos  Northup,  bn.  Sept.  7,  1759,  at  Newton,  Ct.,  and  3d  wife, 
Susan  (Bowman)  Northup.  Soldier  in  Rev.  War.  Educated  at  Yale  as  minister,  be- 
came teacher.     Removed  to  Fishkill,  N.  Y.,  and  thence  to  Penn.,  in  1801. 

Amos  was  son  of  Jonathan  of  Jeremiah  of  Joseph. 

Philo  Northup,  bn.  Mar.  1st,  1801.  at  Woodbridge,  Ct.,  died  Dec.  2d,  1882,  was  son 
of  Philo,  of  Job,  of  Thomas,  of  William,  of  Joseph. 

J.  A.  Northup,  bn.  Dec.  15,  1845,  in  New  Milford,  Ct.,  was  son  of  Sheldon,  of  Jared, 
of  Abel,  of  William,  of  William,  of  Joseph.  Joseph  came  from  England,  md.  Mary,  dau. 
of  Francis  Norton.  He  died  Sept.  11,  1669.  Joseph  2d,  bn.  July  17,  1649,  md.  Miriam 
Blakeman  of  English  parents.  He  died  June  1st,  1700,  in  New  Milford.  Amos  Northup 
lived  on  a  farm  on  Poplar  Street,  about  half  a  mile  north  of  New  Milford. 

Elijah  Buck  md.  April  7,  1866,  Florence  I.  Mead,  bn.  April  30,  1841,  dau.  of  William, 
son  of  John,  bn.  April  17,  1760;  children:  Samuel,  Elenthon  and  Stephen  of  sons,  of  daus. 
Lucy  Buck  md.  Sept.  13,  1876,  Lucian  B.  Mead,  also  son  of  William,  son  of  John,  of 
New  Milford.  On  the  coat  of  arms  attached  to  the  original  name  of  Mead  "The  field 
is  sable  with  a  chevron  bet.  two  Pelicans."  (See  Heraldry).  The  Meads  emigrated 
from  Geenwich,  Kent.  Co.,  Eng.,  about  1642  and  settled  in  Greenwich,  Fairfield  Co.,  Ct., 
(named  from  same  place  in  Eng.)  also.  See  History  of  Greenwich  by  Daniel  M.  Mead, 
pub.  N.  Y.,  1857,  page  94,  with  appendix  277.  Jonathan  Buck,  Jr.,  md.  Betsy,  dau.  of 
Maj.  John  Bostwick  of  New  Milford  in  1733  and  Aaron,  bn.  1720,  son  of  Jonathan  and 
Mary  Buck  md.  Abigail  Bostwick  June  24th,  1750,  dau.  of  Maj.  John  of  New  Milford. 
Joel  Buck,  son  of  John,  son  of  Enoch,  md.  Huldah,  dau.  of  John  and  Eliza  Bostwick  of 
Sharon,  Ct.  in  1778.  Salmon  Buck,  son  of  James  and  Elizabeth,  bn.  in  1766  md.  Urana 
Beecher,  bn.  in  1744,  md.  Mar.  5,  1794.  She  died  Dec.  9,  1836.  He  died  Aug.  10,  1851, 
aged  85  years.     She  was  the  youngest  sister  of  the  father  of  Henry  Ward  Beecher. 

Samuel  Bostwick,  bn.  in  1723,  md.  in  1744.  Ann  Buck,  bn.  in  1724.  He  was  the  son  of 
Major  John  Bostwick,  son  of  John  Bostwick,  son  of  Arthur  Bostwick,  who  emigrated  from 
Cheshire,  Eng.,  in  1647.  Mrs.  Ann  Bostwick,  the  consort  of  Samuel  Bostwick,  died  Sept. 
21,  1783,  in  the  59th  year  of  her  age.  Samuel  Bostwick,  Esq.,  died  Sept.  23,  1789,  aged 
66  years.  "In  death  the  rational  mind  ceases  to  communicate  to  the  living,  a  marble 
genealogy  succeeds  and  the  grave  becomes  a  monitor."  ( New  Milford  Village  Burying 
Ground,  laid  out  in  1716). 

David  Seelye  Buck,  bn.  Nov.,  17S3,  probably  son  of  David,  bn.  Aug.  2d,  1741,  son  of 
Joseph  of  New  Milford,  Ct.  Was  a  teacher  of  Litchfield  Co.,  Ct.,  md.  Susan  Marsh,  May 
29,  1807,  of  New  Milford  and  afterward  emigrated  to  Bath,  Steuben  Co.,  N.  Y.,  where  he 
died  Apl.  25th,  1842,  aged  58  years  and  6  months.  They  had  10  chil.,  viz.:  Alva  Har- 
mon, bn.  Dec,  1807,  who  md.  Lucretia  Bailey.  Henry  Newton  and  Myra  Ann  Harriet, 
both  bn.  1809  (twins).  Daniel  Samuel  Lorenzo,  bn.  1811.  David  Marsh,  bn.  Jan.  3. 
1813.  Sherman  Seelye,  bn.  1816.  Seralpha  Couch,  bn.  1818.  Ebenezer  Willis,  bn.  L822. 
Sybil  Susan,  bn.  1825  and  Eliza  Ann,  bn.  lXL'X. 

David  Marsh  Buck,  bn.  in  Bath,  N.  Y.,  Jan.  3,  1813,  md.  Susan  Hill,  grand  dau.  of 
Solomon  Hill,  Rev.  soldier  of  New  Milford,  Mar.  30,  1S37  and  resided  there.  Chil.: 
Mary  Ann,  bn.  183S.  Jane  Althea,  bn.  1839  and  Joseph  Leroy,  bn.  1842,  who  md.  Eliza- 
beth Bostwick,  Nov.  11,  1869  and  had  children:  lAdaline  and  Alice.  He  died  Apl.  8, 
1900.  Adaline  md.  Robert  P.  Strong  of  New  Milford,  Ct.,  from  whom  we  have  this 
record. 

53 


Line  of  Buck  Descent  Down  Through  the  Centuries.     Our  Forefathers.     Isaac  Buck  of 
New  Mil  ford,  Ct..  and  Pitts  ford.  Vt.     Family  and  Marriages.     Died  After  Battle  of  Que- 
bec, 1776.    Mrs.  Elizabeth  Buck's  Later  Marriages. 

Prom  Munsel's  American  Ancestry,  vol.  3,  page  93  and  144  and  Caverly's  History  of 
Pittsford.  Vt..  page  35  and  appendix  714,  with  Orcutt's  History  of  New  Milford  Gene- 
alogies, page  670-673,  we  find  William  Buck  came  in  ship  "Increase"  from  London  in 
1635  and  settled  in  Woburn.  Mass.,  where  he  died  in  1658;  that  Emanuel,  Henry  and 
Thomas  were  sons  or  brothers,  soon  after  found  at  Weathersfield.  Conn.  Ezekiel,  eldest 
son  of  Emanuel,  was  the  father  of  Jonathan  of  Weathersfield,  later  of  New  Milford,  and 
Joseph,  the  son  of  Jonathan,  at  New  Milford,  and  Isaac  of  New  Milford  and  later  of 
Pittsford,  Vt.,  the  son  of  Joseph.  Samuel  of  Pittsford  and  Bridport,  Vt.,  was  the  son 
of  Isaac.  Helon  of  Bridport,  Vt.,  and  Crown  Point,  N.  Y.,  was  the  son  of  Samuel.  Samuel 
of  Crown  Point,  son  of  Helon,  George  Helon  of  Crown  Point  and  Wilmarth,  Samuel  of 
Plattsburg.  N.  Y„  sons  of  Samuel,  whose  history  of  descent  of  family  down  from 
Weathersfield  is  given  in  the  foregoing  and  following  pages.  This  being  the  direct 
branch  in  the  male  line  of  our  family  in  this  country  to  the  present  time. 

In  going  back  to  the  continent  of  Europe  we  trace  it  from  the  reign  of  King  Priam 
and  the  Siege  of  Troy  "when  Helen  kindled  Illium's  pile,"  down  through  the  centuries 
of  Hellenic  colonization  and  the  Messenian.  Peloponnesian  and  Macedonian  wars  of  the 
great  Roman  Empire  to  the  Teutons  and  Pranks  and  the  dark  ages  of  the  6th  century 
Clovingian,  and  the  mid  5th  century  Merovingian  Dynasty,  to  the  petty,  feudal,  peonative 
warfares  of  Pharamond,  Phynart  and  Dagobert  to  Liderick  and  the  Foresters  and  Counts 
of  Flanders  in  the  successive  generations  of  Liderick  le  Buc,  down  through  the  Crusades 
to  the  Middle  Ages  when  "Chivalry  found  its  mead  and  glory,"  to  the  Norman  Conquest 
of  England  by  William  the  Conqueror,  in  Liderick,  Rudolphus,  Walter  and  Ralph  and 
later  William  Buck  of  Norfolk  and  Sir  John,  Sir  George  and  Sir  William,  Esq.,  of  York- 
shire and  Cambridgeside  to  William  of  London,  maker  or  manufacturer  of  plows,  one 
of  the  3  or  4  brothers  who  emigrated  to  this  country  in  1635  and  settled  in  Woburn, 
Mass.,  and  Weathersfield,  Conn.,  a  little  later,  as  is  clearly  shown  in  the  preceding  pages 
of  authentic  history  and  will  be  further  carried  out  and  corroborated  by  the  proof  which 
still  follows  later  on,  all  along  in  this  work,  in  detail  of  the  various  families  and  eras, 
events  and  places  in  which  they  figured  with  all  the  records  in  evidence. 

"Wherever  a  glorious  deed  is  done,  A  victory  nobly  lost  or  won, 
As  duty  calls  them  in  the  strife,  Bearing  the  fate  of  mortal  life." 

Isaac  Buck,  son  of  Joseph  and  Ann,  dau.  of  William  Gould,  born  in  New  Milford, 
Ct.,  in  1735,  at  the  age  of  22,  Feb.  10th,  1758,  md.  Elizabeth  Waters,  bn.  Nov.  16,  1732, 
at  Sutton,  Mass.,  and  located  in  that  town  and  afterward  at  Litchfield  and  New  Milford. 
In  the  spring  of  1770  he  came  to  Pittsford,  Vt.,  purchased  a  small  tract  of  land,  built  a 
house  and  in  the  fall  of  that  year  removed  his  family,  consisting  of  a  wife  and  3  children, 
from  New  Milford  to  Pittsford  and  this  was  the  8th  family  located  in  the  township, 
(Cav.  Hist,  of  Pittsford,  page  35)  being  an  Am.  soldier.  Pittsford  was  a  frontier  town 
then,  60  miles  from  Bennington,  first  settled  in  1769,  two  picket  forts,  one  called  "Fort 
Mott"  and  the  other  "Vengeance,"  situated  at  the  junction  of  the  Furnace  River  and 
Otter  Creek,  the  most  northern  post  in  Vt.  on  the  west  side  of  the  Green  Mountains 
which  was  held  by  the  Americans  during  the  Revolution,  (he  first  permanent  settle- 
ment being  made  at  "Port  Dummer"  near  Brattleboro  in  1724. 

Isaac  Buck  of  Pittsford,  md.  Elizabeth,  dau.  of  Samuel  Waters  of  Sutton,  Mass., 
Feb.  in,  1758.  and  had  7  children:  1st  Eunice,  bn.  Nov.  11,  1758;  2d  Elizabeth,  bn.  Nov. 
28,  1760;  3d  Isaac,  Jr.,  bn.  May  23,  1763,  md.  Sarah  Hall,  bn.  Feb.  6.  1763,  in  1784,  and  lo- 
cated in  Addison,  Vt.,  where  he  was  in  1790,  but  finally  settled  at  "Buck's  Bridge," 
Potsdam,  St.  Lawrence  Co.,  N.  Y.,  in  1807,  died  in  Madrid,  buried  in  Canton,  N.  Y.,  in 
1841;  4th  William,  bn.  Aug.,  1765,  md.  Elizabeth  Murray  in  1787,  died  Oct.  8,  1805.  in 
Fairfield,  near  St.  Albans,  Vt.  She  was  dau.  of  Eber  Murray  of  Orwell,  Vt..  bn.  1770, 
died  Mar.  6,  1807,  in  Hinesburgh,  Vt.;  5th  Samuel,  bn.  Nov.  12,  1768,  md.  Polly  Bush  of 
Becket,  Mass.,  and  resided  in  Bridport,  Vt.,  died  in  N.  Y.  state  in  1847,  at  Reber  in  Wills- 
boro;  6th  Alfred,  bn.  May  28,  1771,  md.  Mercia  Barnes,  dau.  of  James  Barnes,  in  1795 
and  died  in  Pittsford  in  1842;  7th  Betsy,  bn.  1773,  md.  Joel  Doolittle,  son  of  Col.  Ephraim 
Doolittle  of  Shoreham,  Vt.,  who  died  in  invasion  of  Canada. 

Sergeant  Isaac  Buck  died  of  smallpox,  wounds  and  exposure  in  the  army,  Jan.  20, 
1776,  after  the  great  Battle  of  Quebec  Dec.  31st,  1775  and  6,  in  which  General  Mont- 
gomery was  killed,  and  lies  buried  in  the  trenches  beneath  the  battlements  of  Quebec. 
He  was  under  Lieut.  Col.  Warner,  who  had  come  to  the  aid  of  Arnold  against  Carleton. 
Arnold  being  wounded  with  a  broken  leg,  Gen.  Worcester  succeeding  Montgomery.     Mor- 

54 


"V'1 


LFE  e  ARJIT   ASCENDING  To  the 
PLALNS   OF   ABRAHAJU. 


. 


Driven  Out  by  Burgoyne.     Bidden   Treasure.     Relationship.     Lieut.  Isaac  Buck  in  the 

Colonial  Wars  and  The  Revolution.    Died  at  Quebec.    Superiority  of  British  Forces  and 

Intrenchments.     tiamuel  Buck,  Son  of  Isaac  and  Family. 

gan  defeated  and  Thomas  surrendered,  they  gradually  fell  back  to  Montreal  but  finally 
utterly  defeated  and  fled  May  5th,  1776.  after  untold  disaster  and  the  ravages  of  small- 
pox, which  was  so  prevelant  among  the  troops  at  this  invasion  of  Canada.  His  widow, 
Mrs.  Elizabeth  Buck,  md.  2d  Capt.  Timothy  Barker,  who  was  one  of  the  early  settlers  of 
"Neshobe,"  now  Brandon,  Vt.,  in  1778,  and  he  removed  to  Pittsford  into  her  house  where 
he  died  in  178S,  and  she  md.  3rd  Joshua  Bates  of  Shaftsbury,  Vt.,  in  1790,  son  of  Josiah 
Bates  and  Rebecca  Douglas  of  Mendon,  Mass. 

Eunice,  md.  in  1779,  Abel  Stephens,  son  of  Roger  Stephens,  moved  to  Bastard,  Co. 
of  Leeds,  Canada,  in  1795,  where  he  died  in  1816  and  she  died  in  1828.  He  was  a  Metho- 
dist clergyman  and  a  very  athletic  man,  a  Presiding  Elder  and  a  power  in  their  "Camp 
Meetings"  of  those  olden  days. 

Daniel  Bates,  son  of  Joshua,  was  also  a  Methodist  clergyman  at  Pittsford  and  Ora 
or  Orictor  Buck,  son  of  William,  was  a  local  preacher  there  about  this  time.  (Ap- 
pendix: Family  Records,  Cav.  Hist.  Pittsford,  page  714).  They  were  driven  out  before 
Burgoyne's  approaching  army  and  Indian  allies  on  way  to  the  Battle  of  Hubbardton 
July  7th,  1777,  but  afterward  returned  to  their  ravished  and  despoiled  possessions  after 
his  surrender  at  Saratoga  later  on  in  the  fall,  Oct.  17,  1777.  In  their  hasty  retreat 
some  pewter  plate  and  gold  and  silver  valuables  put  into  the  Britannia  tea  pots  were 
hidden  in  a  hole  in  the  ground  under  a  tree  in  the  swamp  and  covered  with  leaves  and 
dirt  but  on  their  return  the  next  spring  the  spot  could  not  be  found,  yet  several  years 
after  a  neighbor  in  clearing  up  the  land  and  digging  a  ditch  found  and  restored  them. 
and  which  they  now  have  in  the  family  and  hold  as  a  precious  remembrance  and  keep- 
sake. 

Isaac  Buck  was  the  father  of  Isaac.  Jr.,  the  brother  of  my  grandfather,  Samuel 
Buck.  My  great  grandfather,  Isaac  Buck,  served  in  the  early  Colonial  Wars  as  a 
private  in  the  4th  Conn.  Regiment  from  New  Milford,  Conn.,  under  the  English  Gen. 
Wolfe  and  was  in  the  battle  on  the  Plains  of  Abraham  at  Quebec  on  the  13th  to 
10th  of  Sept.,  1759,  when  both  Generals,  Wolfe  and  Montclair,  on  each  side,  were  slain 
and  from  which  famous  battle  and  victory  he  returned  with  Maj.  Gen.  Prevost,  Wolfe's 
aide-de-camp  and  successor.  And  in  the  Revolutionary  struggle  was  present  at  the  tak- 
ing of  Ticonderoga  by  Allen  and  Arnold  July  10th,  1775,  with  the  men  who  gathered 
at  Mount  Independence  on  that  occasion  and  then  going  Nov.  26,  1775,  in  Capt.  Robert 
Cochran's  Co.,  Major  Brown's  detachment,  as  first  sergeant  and  his  brother,  Jonathan, 
as  corporal,  with  Allen  and  Warner  and  Montgomery  and  Arnold  in  the  second  conquest 
of  Canada  by  the  Americans  at  the  Siege  of  Quebec,  the  citadel  and  Gibraltar  of  America, 
died  before  that  city  of  wounds,  famine  and  exposure  from  smallpox  Jan.  20th,  1776,  and 
his  brother  four  days  previous  on  the  16th  Jan.,  nearly  a  month  after  the  first  great 
battle,  and  were  buried  in  the  trenches  beneath  the  ramparts  of  the  fortifications. 

Montgomery  was  slain  Dec.  31st,  1775,  "who  at  his  country's  call  hastened  to  the 
field  of  battle  and  was  first  to  fall,"  being  succeeded  by  Daniel  Morgan  next  in  rank  and 
command.  Arnold  being  wounded  and  diabled  with  a  broken  leg.  Thomas  overpowered, 
finally  surrendered  all  they  had  won  and  the  disheartened  and  unsuccessful  forces  grad- 
ually retreating  and  returning  later  on  to  Montreal  and  being  defeated  there  May  5th, 
1776,  they  recrossed  the  St.  Lawrence  near  where  Allen  had  been  taken  a  prisoner  and 
his  men  captured.  Sept.  25,  1775,  three  months  before  the  great  battle  from  Major 
Brown's  failure  to  reunite  with  his  forces  as  was  planned,  and  so  retreating  and  return- 
ing to  Chambly  and  from  Sorel  to  Richelieu  and  from  thence  through  Lake  Champlain 
to  Forts  Crown  Point  and  Ticonderoga,  where  they  numbered  with  the  refugees  and 
sympathizers  that  had  joined  them  5,000  men  of  which  300  died  of  the  ravages  of  dis- 
ease and  pestilence  of  smallpox  in  the  10  days  that  they  staid  at  Ticonderoga  before 
reaching  their  homes. 

Thus  terminated  the  disastrous  Canadian  mid-winter  expedition  and  closed  the 
scene  of  the  frontier  wars  with  the  fragment  of  an  army  left  defeated  and  dejected. 
After  Arnold's  marching  through  Maine's  trackless  wilderness  from  Penobscot  to  Que- 
bec and  delays  in  river  crossings  and  not  reaching  Montgomery  on  time  as  was  planned 
by  Washington  and  reduced  in  numbers  by  desertions  and  the  ravages  of  pestilence  and 
the  perilous  situation  of  the  attack  combined  with  the  deep  snows  and  intense  cold  and 
scanty  coverings  and  provisions  of  the  half  starved  and  weakened  soldiers  was  entirely 
inadequate  for  such  a  conflict  against  the  well  trained,  well  fed  and  strongly  fortified  and 
augmented  forces  of  the  British  Dominion. 

55 


Widow  Waldo.  Saml.  Burl's  2d  Wife.     -James  Orel/,  Noted  Stager  of  Yt.  Turnpike  Day." 
Samuel  Buck,  Pioneer  Merchant  and  Trapper.     Country  Store.     Buck  Mansion.     Town  of 

Bridport.     Grand  View  Mtn. 

Samuel  Buck,  son  of  Isaac  of  New  Milford,  Ct,  and  Pittsford,  Vt.,  born  in  New 
Milford  Nov.  12,  1768,  md.  Oct.  28,  1790,  Mary  (Polly)  Bush  of  Becket,  Mass.,  dau.  of 
Stephen  and  Caroline,  bn.  Aug.  28.  1773,  and  she  died  Feb.  14,  1818,  at  Bridport,  Vt.  He 
was  one  of  the  earliest  settlers  of  Bridport,  Vt.  (named  after  Bridport,  Dorset  Co.,  Eng.) 
and  had  3  sons  and  5  daus.:  1st  Huldah.  bn.  Aug.  19.  1792.  died  April  25,  1863,  md.  Abel 
Bailey,  son  of  Capt.  Daniel  Bailey,  of  Bridport.  shoemaker,  bn.  1785,  and  died  in  1866; 
2d  Harriet,  bn.  June  9,  1796,  died  Feb.  1,  1885,  md.  John  Brainard  of  Bridport,  hatter, 
bn.  Jan.  1,  1789,  died  Oct.  20,  1867;  3d  Amarilla,  bn.  May  6,  1800,  died  1870, 
md.  1st  Robert  Miner,  harness  maker  of  Bridport,  2d  Robert  Lane,  farmer  of  Crown 
Point;  4th  Hiram,  bn.  Jan.  16,  1804,  died  Feb.  7,  1864,  md.  Almedia  Rawson  of  Schroon 
Lake,  bn.  Sept.  28.  1810,  md.  Feb.,  1836,  she  died  Sept.  17,  1899;  5th  Apollis  Austin,  bn. 
Mar.  22,  1807,  died  Nov.  29,  1887,  md.  Eleanor  Haywood  of  Addison,  Vt.,  bn.  May  9,  1809, 
died  Jan.  13,  1883,  md.  April  17,  1827;  6th  Helon,  bn.  Mar.  22,  1S09,  died  Oct.  24,  1891,  md. 
Dec.  1st.  1836,  Mercy  Willmarth  of  Addison,  Vt,  bn.  Nov.  26,  1814,  died  Aug.  27,  1873; 
7th  Laura,  bn.  Aug.  4th,  1811,  md.  Jan.  15,  1832,  Levi  P.  Wilcox  of  Ticonderoga,  master 
mechanic,  son  of  Doctor  Levi  Wilcox,  son  of  David  and  Abigail  (Thompson)  son  of  Ab- 
ner  Wilcox,  shipwright  of  N.  H.,  and  noted  boat  builder  at  Port  Marshal  near  Fort  Ti- 
conderoga in  1812,  issue  Rowena  H.  and  Hiram  R.,  who  died  in  Civil  War;  8th  Hily,  bn. 
Oct.  18,  1813,  died  Feb.  13,  1875,  md.  in  1840  Joseph  West  of  Minerva,  Essex  Co.,  N.  Y., 
blacksmith,  bn.  Mar.  12,  1821,  died  April  23,  1889,  at  Reber,  Willsboro,  N.  Y.,  son  Albert 
served  in  Civil  War.  He  and  sons  now  have  large  stock  farm  at  Reber,  N.  Y.  Samuel 
Buck  md.  2d  wife.  Amy  (Murray)  Waldo,  relict  of  Samuel  Waldo,  a  soldier  of  the 
Revolution.  She  died  May  22,  1836,  aged  56  years.  He  had  no  children  by  second  mar- 
riage in  1820.  She  was  a  widow  with  one  dau.,  Phoebe  Waldo,  who  md.  James  Grey 
of  Bridport,  Vt.  He  was  son  of  George  Grey  a  noted  post  road  stage  pioneer  as  the  story 
goes: 

Of  the  four  horse  mail  and  passenger  omnibus  sway 
Jolly  and  hale  old  stage  driver,  of  the  old  macadam  lay 

As  told  of  the  glorious  state  line  milestone  turnpike  day 
With  tavern  stands  and  wayside  Inns  for  weary  travelers  to  stop  and   to  stay 

Or  to  regale  the  hungry  passenger  and  speed  him  on  his  way 
See  down  the  old  Vermont   turnpike  how  she  stately  glides. 

The  romantic  Tally-ho,  with  boxes,  trunks  and  dogs  besides 
Two  span  of  horses,  carrying  four  on  top  and  six  inside 

This  dilly-dally,  with  mail  we're  told  will  soon  arrive, 
Bringing  weekly  news  from  Troy  and  perchance  a  damsel   fair. 

Outside  a  handsome  fellow  with  a  pretty  maiden's  seat  to  share. 
Perhaps  a  down  east  student,  with  his  Boston  bride  of  love. 

Inside  a  fine  old  gentleman  journeying  on  with  Vergennes  people  four 
All  are  now  alighting  at  the  old  tavern's  wide  open  door. 

By  genial  landlord  gladly  greeted  and  when  refreshed  and  treated 
At  bar  and  in  dining  hall,  at  abundant  table  seated,  joyfully  eating 

Or   in    parlor   perhaps   with    up-state   old-fashioned    people   kindly    meeting    and 
greeting. 
Fresh  relay  of  steeds  completed  and  old  stager  waiting  to  be  seated 

At  bugle  call  and  crack  of  whip,  the  mailcoach  goes  rumbling  on  as  yore. 
But  its  glories  have  vanished,  its  onlookers  gone,  and  only  the  ghost 

Of  a  sign  board  now  creaks,  on  its  desolate  olden  time  post 
For  lo  at  the  sunrise  of  progress  a  shrill  whistle  blew  from  an  onrushing  train 

O'er  the  near  eastern  hills  and  the  old  yielded  place  to  the  new. 

My  grandfather,  Samuel  Buck,  was  a  pioneer  merchant  and  trapper,  had  a  general 
country  store  established  in  1802,  rebuilt  and  enlarged  in  1808,  firm  Buck  and  Burchard 
1810-16,  Buck  and  Turrell  1820-22,  Buck  and  Bailey  1823-30,  and  after  a  little  built  a 
beautiful  mansion  in  1816  of  the  colonial  style,  posts  and  pillars  of  porches  and  fences 
capped  or  surmounted  with  urns  and  arched  windows  in  front,  bearing  an  eagle  leaded 
in  the  glass  over  the  door  with  a  polished  brass  knocker. 

The  front  yard  being  fenced  in  with  lilacs,  peonies,  pinks  and  roses  with  garden 
at  the  south  side  and  the  barns  on  the  north,  all  standing  on  an  eminence  in  the  midst 
of  his  large  estate  at  the  "middle  of  the  town''  of  Bridport  overlooking  the  valley  of 
Lake  Champlain  with  the  Green  Mountains  and  the  Adirondacks  in  the  distance  on  either 

56 


rrrvQricUrtrU  ^y^TtUtltum^nMd  $vnttafc<M  i^iO-u^Ct 


afl&dMilfitUlcfrr        (WASHING  SHEEP] 


BUCKS  BRI'x.l     N     p 


Potashes.  Over  Vt.  Turnpike  to  Troy.  N.  Y.  Bound  out  In  Youth.  Reminiscences. 
Highwaymen  Foiled.     Indian   Trapped.     War  of  1812.     Volunteer  Service.     Fort  Cassin, 

His  Old  Musket. 

side.  From  the  tower  of  Grand  View  Mountain  only  4  miles  distant,  is  one  of  the  finest 
cycloramic  views  of  mountain,  lake,  river,  town  and  valley  scenery  combined  to  he 
found  in  America. 

With  his  store  he  did  a  thriving  business  up  to  within  a  few  years  of  his  death, 
May  8th,  1847.  He  erected  an  "ashery  or  potash"  manufactory  on  a  little  stream  nearby. 
took  the  hardwood  ashes  of  the  settlers  and  made  "pot  and  pearl  ashes,"  quite  a  com- 
mercial commodity  in  those  early  days,  finding  a  ready  sale  in  Montreal,  Quebec  or 
Boston  markets  for  export.  With  the  wool  and  wheat  he  raised  and  bought,  as  a  sur- 
plus was  beginning  to  be  grown  in  the  older  settlements,  and  with  the  furs  and  pelts  of 
bis  buntings,  barterings  and  trappings  on  "Dead  and  Otter"  creeks  loaded  his  teams 
and  going  down  over  the  old  Vermont  turnpike  usually  in  the  winter  on  sleighs  10" 
miles  to  Troy  and  returning  with  goods  in  exchange  to  sell  out  to  the  settlers. 

In  his  earliest  days,  at  about  the  time  of  his  father's  emigration  from  New  Mil- 
ford  to  Pittsford,  he  was  bound  out  to  a  Mr.  John  Remington,  a  character  of  the  Green 
Mountain  Boys  and  N.  H.  Grants  notoriety;  Zadoc  Remington,  a  brother,  being  one  of 
the  first  settlers  of  Castleton,  Vt.,  not  far  from  Pittsford,  bondsman  for  his  surety,  as  was 
the  custom  in  those  early  days  to  bind  some  of  the  minor  members  of  large  families  to 
some  wealthy  or  childless  neighbor  until  they  attained  their  majority.  He  was  ill 
used  and  meanly  treated,  as  was  often  the  case,  and  he  never  quite  forgot  or  forgave 
his  benefactors. 

It  used  to  be  told  and  I  believed  it  true,  although  I  never  heard  my  grandfather  say 
very  much  about  it,  that  once  on  a  time  when  he  was  returning  home  on  horseback 
late  at  night  from  the  sale  of  a  drove  of  cattle  as  he  was  crossing  a  bridge  low  down  in 
a  dark,  wooded  and  lonely  ravine  quite  away  from  his  house,  the  spot  being  well  known 
to  me  as  "robbers'  run,"  two  highwaymen  stepped  out,  one  grasping  his  horse  by  the 
bit,  the  other  demanding  his  money  which  he  often  carried  largely  in  silver  in  his  saddle 
bags  along  with  him.  Being  unarmed,  with  presence  of  mind,  he  calmly  reached  in  his 
side  pocket  and  drawing  out  bis  old  silver  snuff-box,  snapping  the  cover  and  at  the  same 
time  ordering  them  to  stand  aside  or  he  would  blow  their  brains  out  and  thus  foiled  by 
the  ruse  they  released  their  hold  and  skulked  away  and  he  putting  spurs  to  his  horse 
soon  left  the  miscreants  in  the  lurch  and  reached  his  home  in  safety. 

Another  story  is  told  about  an  old  Indian  who  used  to  rob  his  traps  down  on  Dead 
Creek,  of  his  catching  the  unwary  thief  in  a  bear  trap  set  for  the  occasion,  that  and  the 
ducking  which  followed  thus  summarily  ending  his  savage  depredations  and  his  trap- 
pings were  left  undisturbed  thereafter. 

Samuel,  Lemuel,  Joel.  William  and  Ephraim  Buck  were  all  in  the  War  of  1812  to 
1814.  Vermont  had  2,500  volunteers,  called  out  by  Gov.  Chittenden,  who  were  under 
arms  in  Sept.,  1814,  at  Battle  of  Plattsburgh.  Samuel  served  as  volunteer  of  1814  and 
was  stationed  with  my  maternal  grandfather,  Sergeant  Amos  Willmarth  and  his  broth- 
ers, Ira,  Lieutenant;  George,  Corporal;  and  Abel  and  Asa,  privates;  in  Capt.  William 
Picket's  Co.  of  Addison,  Vt..  under  General  Strong  of  Vergennes,  with  Capt.  Jewett's 
Co.  of  Burlington,  and  Col.  Thornton's  artillery  at  Port  Cassin,  Basin  Harbor,  Vt.,  guard- 
ing the  unfinished  boats  there  on  Otter  Creek  and  the  entrance  to  Vergennes  on  and 
after  the  attack  of  Capt.  Pring,  May  9,  1814,  and  later  Sept.  10th  going  and  landing  at 
Salmon  River  and  arriving  with  the  600  Vt.  volunteer  militia  under  Maj.  Gen.  Strong  at 
Plattsburgh,  Sept.  11th.  and  after  defending  "Pike's  Cantonment"  at  "The  Ford,"  two 
miles  above  the  upper  bridge  and  British  repulsed  and  battle  won  and  over  were  dis- 
charged by  Gen.  McComb  on  the  12th  and  returned  home  to  prevent  the  onrush  of  the 
remaining  25,000  called  out  and  on  the  way  to  the  frontier  field  of  battle  and  on  the 
13th  the  N.  Y.  militia  were  disbanded. 

Fort  Cassin,  a  round  tower,  now  in  ruins,  was  named  from  Lieut.  Cassin,  the  com- 
mander of  the  Ticonderoga,  under  Macdonough  in  the  naval  Battle  of  Plattsburgh,  Sept. 
11,  1N14.  and  also  with  Macdonough  and  Sommers  under  Cant.  Edward  Preble,  commander 
of  a  naval  squadron  against  Tripoli  in  180?,  to  suppress  the  slave  traffic.  I  very  much 
wanted  my  grandfather's  old  flint  lock  musket  as  an  heir-loom  of  remembrance,  being 
named  after  him  and  which  he  partly  promised  me,  but  there  were  older  grandsons 
living  with  him  eagerly  waiting  to  obtain  it.  consequently  after  his  death  I  was  not 
taken  into  consideration  "as  a  namesake,"  it  appears,  as  I  never  received  it,  or  found 
out  what  became  of  it,  although  I  am  sure  I  have  his  tinder  box  and  the  bayonet. 
Neither  have  I  had  his  picture  or  anything  even  to  show  for  bearing  the  name,  as  he 

57 


Aunt  Polly.     Buried  at  Bridport.     Helon  Buck,  Son  of  Saml.,  Family.    Pedigree  of  Elmer 

and  Willmarth   Families.     Copartnership  with   Brother  Hiram.     Buck   Hollow.     Lumber 

Business.     Dissolution,     Hurl,   Mansion.     Droving   Business.     Noble.  Helpful  Life.     Wife 

Model  Housekeeper.     Buried  in   Fairview  Cemetery. 

was  always  averse  to  any  such  patrimony.  But  he  and  his  wives  lie  buried  in  Bridport, 
in  the  old  churchyard  and  the  old  mansion  passed  into  other  hands,  still  stands  on  the 
hill  and  attests  as  I  pass  it  hy  to  the  energy  of  himself  and  helpful  wife  "Aunt  Polly" 
as  she  was  called  and  who  educated  him  from  a  meagre  start  to  that  degree  of  com- 
petency that  finally  made  him  the  wealthiest  man  in  all  the  country  round. 

Helon  Buck,  son  of  Samuel  and  Polly  Buck,  bn.  Mar.  22,  1809,  died  Oct.  24,  1891, 
iml,  Dec,  1st,  1836,  .Mercy,  dau.  of  Amos  and  Anna  (Elmer)  Willmarth  of  Addison,  Vt, 
bn.  Nov.  26.  1814,  died  Aug.  27,  1873.  (The  Elmers  were  of  Andover,  Mass..  whose  an- 
cestors came  from  Andover,  Eng.,  in  1643  and  settled  there.  The  Willmarths  came  from 
Amherst,  Mass.,  and  were  descendants  of  John  Wilmot  (Earl  of  Rochester)  of  Oxford- 
shire, Eng.,  1647).  Children  of  Helon  and  Mercy  Buck  are:  Samuel,  bn.  June  9th,  1841, 
rail.  June  30,  1S63,  Emma  L.  Paine,  bn.  Sept.  17.  1844.  dau.  of  Geo.  C.  and  Juliett  Paine 
of  Crown  Point,  N.  Y.;  Mercy  Ann,  bn.  Nov.  12,  1842,  mil.  Dec.  8,  1870.  Carlton  Field  of 
Perrisburg,  Vt.,  son  of  Hiram  and  Lucinda  Field.  He  died  Nov.  19.  1898,  leaving  a  son 
Fred  C,  bn.  Jan.,  1871,  and  dau.  Mary  B„  bn.  May  11,  1S73,  md.  April  27,  1904,  Joseph 
Klee  of  N.  Y.  City;  Helon.  Jr.,  bn.  June  8,  1851,  died  in  childhood,  April  14,  1S56. 

Helon  Buck  with  his  brother  Hiram  forming  a  copartnership  in  1831  came  from 
Bridport,  Vt.,  "across  the  lake"  to  Crown  Point.  N.  Y..  purchased  timber  lands  bought 
outright  and  erected  saw,  grist,  woolen  and  other  mills,  blacksmith,  carpenter  and  shoe- 
maker shops,  hotel,  store,  tannery,  houses,  barns  and  sheds  and  did  a  general  lumber 
business  at  a  locality  on  Putnam's  Creek  known  as  "Buck  Hollow"  shipping  the  product 
by  canal  boats  through  Lake  Champlain  and  canal  to  Troy  and  Albany  markets,  thus 
doing  a  large,  flourishing  and  lucrative  business  up  to  1842.  when  the  supply  became 
exhausted  on  Buck  Mountain  and  surrounding  hills  and  their  nearest  logging  tracts 
and  they  closed  up  the  business  and  dissolved  partnership.  Hiram  taking  the  lands  and 
buildings  mostly  on  the  creek  and  Helon  the  farms  on  (he  uplands  which  he  improved 
and  stocked  with  cattle  and  sheep  and  horses,  built  a  beautiful,  stately  and  commodious 
mansion  in  the  Ionic  order  of  architecture  on  the  estate  in  1851  and  2  and  did  a  general 
farming  and  droving  business,  driving  large  droves  of  cattle  and  sheep  to  Troy  and 
down  east  Conn,  towns  as  well  as  carrying  to  the  Boston  market  up  to  about  1884  when 
the  eastern  droving  business  had  about  ceased  and  he  retired  and  his  son  Samuel  suc- 
ceeded him  taking  the  estate. 

He  had  a  good  business  capacity,  was  noted  for  his  integrity  and  was  what  they 
called  wealthy  in  those  days.  A  man  of  good  judgment  and  excellent  taste,  he  gave  his 
children  all  the  advantages  of  a  liberal  education  and  cultured  ami  refined  home  and 
maintenance.  He  was  helpful  and  liberal  to  the  poor  and  interested  in  the  welfare, 
progress  and  prosperity  of  the  town  in  which  he  was  largely  known  and  highly  respected. 
At  821{.  years  of  age.  "he  fell  into  the  sleep  that  knows  no  waking,  the  peaceful  end  of  a 
noble  and  beautiful  life."  He  was  a  captain  and  his  brother  Hiram  a  Col.  in  the  N.  Y. 
state  militia,  9th  reg.,  40th  brigade,  11th  div.  inf.,  from  1830  to  resignation  and  dis- 
solution in  1837. 

My  mother,  Mercy  Buck,  was  a  model  New  England  housekeeper,  faithful,  in- 
dustrious, helpful  and  devoted  to  the  best  interests  of  her  husband  and  family.  "Honor 
women.  They  entwine  and  weave  heavenly  roses  in  our  earthly  life."  (Schiller). 
Their  monument  stands  on  the  bill  in  "Fair  View  Cemetery"  at  Crown  Point  Center. 

Well  do  I  remember  going  along  with  my  father  and  a  drove  of  cattle  down  the 
west  side  of  Lake  George  and  the  east  side  of  the  Hudson  River  to  the  slaughter  houses 
at  "Bulls  Head"  Lansingburg,  now  North  Troy,  and  at  another  time  crossing  the  lake 
by  ferrying  and  driving  a  drove  down  over  the  old  Vermont  turnpike,  the  drover's  route 
to  "Checkered  House,"  near  Troy,  thence  along  the  Housatonic  River  to  New  Milford, 
Danbury  and  White  Plains  for  the  New  York  "Wash  Market,"  and  still  at  another  time 
earring  Vermont  cattle  from  Vergennes  and  Middleburv  over  the  "Fitchburg  route"  to 
Boston,  taking  them  out  of  the  cars  at  Charlestown  and  disposing  of  them  there  in  the 
"Stock  Yards"  first  market  day  for  sale,  then  took  remainder  second  day  to  "Cambridge" 
and  the  third  and  last  day  finally  sold  out  at  "Brighton  Market,"  but  now  the  great 
West  through  the  Armours  and  Swifts  at  Chicago  have  revolutionized  and  absorbed  the 
business  and  soon  we  will  be  getting  cattle  from  South  America  and  sheep  from  Au- 
stralia in  competition  and  monopoly. 

58 


J%^W  ObtJLofty 


(JhnvrcGL  %&  Wa^rieJJ&acJ'O 


Saml.  Buck,  Son  of  Helon.    Marriage.     Family.     Education.     Adirondack   Summer   Re- 
sort.    Summervale,    Crown   Point,   N.    Y.     Art    Gallery.     World's    Fairs.     Wash..   J).    C. 
Church  and  Town  Offices.     Her.  Ceonie  H.  Buck. 

Samuel  Buck,  bn.  June  9th,  1841,  son  of  Helon  and  Mercy  Buck  of  Crown  Point,  N. 
Y.,  mtl.  June  30,  1863,  Emma  Louise,  dau.  of  George  C.  and  Juliet  (Mead)  Paine,  bn. 
Sept.  17,  1844.  Children:  George  Helon,  bn.  June  5th,  1864,  md.  Bertha  S.,  dau.  of 
John  and  Malissa  Hazen  of  West  Hartford,  Vt,  June  29,  1S92;  Mary  Emma,  bn.  Feb.  13, 
1867,  md.  Fred  L..  son  of  Alanson  and  Sophronia  Viall  of  Crown  Point,  Mar.  11,  1891;  and 
Willmarth  Samuel,  bn.  Oct.  11,  1869,  md.  Maud  S.,  dau.  of  Charles  H.  and  Jenette  Black 
of  Chelsea,  Mass.,  Dec.  20,  1889. 

Samuel  Buck  received  the  most  of  his  early  tutorage  in  the  district  school  under 
Alfred  S.  Palmer,  a  very  capable  and  thorough  English  instructor  of  note  and  ability 
thus  entering  "Fort  Edward  Institute,"  Joseph  E.  King,  D.  D.,  principal,  for  a  three 
years'  collegiate  course  in  1856.  On  completion  entered  the  "Hudson  River  Institute," 
Alonzo  M.  Flack,  LL.  D.,  principal,  for  a  year's  scientific  and  commercial  course.  Then 
returning  home  in  1860  to  assist  his  father  and  superintend  the  enlargement  of  the 
mansion,  the  beautifying  of  the  grounds  and  furnishing  of  the  house.  Engaged  in  the 
culture  of  the  fields,  gardens  and  fruit  orchards  and  in  the  extensive  growing  of  wheat, 
corn,  oats  and  potatoes  and  apples  for  home  consumption  and  market,  and  finally  upon 
the  acquirement  of  the  property  several  years  after,  in  1880,  enlarging  and  instituting  a 
"summer  resort"  business,  lasting  for  over  a  period  of  20  years  known  as  "Buck  Mansion" 
or  Summervale,  Adirondacks,  Crown  Point,  N.  Y.,  which  proved  very  lucrative  and  in- 
teresting, the  family  having  made  the  lasting  acquaintance  and  remembrances  of  many 
highly  esteemed  and  valuable  friends,  in  all  of  which  he  was  exceedingly  successful. 
This  business  was  transferred  to  his  oldest  son.  George  H.  Buck,  in  1900. 

"Home  of  my  fathers,  happy,  sweetly,  grandly  still 

Its  cherished  memories  the  lovely  hillside  valley  fill. 

Of  untold  pleasures,  blessings  ere  the  days  and  years  go  by,  unfold 

Whose  kindly  forms  and  noble  features  brightens  and  gladdens  as  we  behold." 

In  the  meantime  he  schooled  and  educated  all  his  children  and  made  a  large  beauti- 
ful and  valuable  collection  of  pictures  in  water  colors,  lithographs,  steel  engravings,  and 
oil  paintings  in  landscapes  and  figures,  faithful  copies  and  reproductions  of  the  master- 
pieces of  all  the  great  artists,  ancient  and  mode  n,  in  large  size  and  handsomely  framed 
and  hung  on  the  walls  and  in  the  "Art  Gallery."  and  "Music  Room"  of  the  mansion. 
"Among  the  many  beautiful  pictures  that  hang  on  memory's  wall,"  "Is  one  of  the  many 
families  that  we  so  loveth  and  seemeth  best  of  all." 

With  his  father  and  family  he  visited  the  Crystal  Palace,  World's  Fair,  at  New 
York  in  1853;  "The  Centennial"  at  Philadelphia  in  1876,  the  "Columbian  White  City"  at 
Chicago  in  1893;  the  "Pan-American"  at  Buffalo  in  19  ind  the  "International"  at  St. 
Louis  in  1904,  with  various  members  of  his  family.    Ah  the  more  recent  years  having 

made  annua  visits  of  several  weeks  duration  at  "Eastei  ,  Inauguration"  time  to  Wash- 
ington, the  capital  of  our  nation,  and  having  taken  along  at  the  different  times  all  the 
members  of  the  family.  The  family  are  all  Congregationalists  and  he  a  deacon,  trus- 
tee and  clerk  of  the  church.  He  has  also  held  several  important  town  and  state  offices  at 
various  times  and  occasions. 

George  Helon  Buck,  son  of  Samuel  and  Emma  I...,  born  June  5,  1864,  at  Crown  Point, 
N.  Y.  He  received  his  preparatory  education  in  the  High  School  of  Crown  Point  under 
Prof.  Thos.  R.  Kniel,  (afterward  Supt.  of  Instruction  of  the  schools  of  Saratoga,  N.  Y.). 
entered  Amherst  College  in  1882,  graduated  from  there  in  the  class  of  1886,  entered 
Andover  Theological  Seminary  in  1SS7,  graduated  from  there  in  class  of  1890,  with  honor, 
taking  an  additional  year's  course  in  Harvard  Divinity  School  at  Cambridge  in  1891.  He 
is  a  member  of  the  Phi  Beta  Kappa  chapter  and  Senior  Scientific  Society  of  Amherst 
College,  class  of  '82.  His  first  charge  was  at  Conway,  N.  H.,  in  1892,  and  then  marrying 
June  29,  1892,  Bertha  S.,  dau.  of  John  and  Malissa  Hazen  of  West  Hartford.  Vt.,  and 
settling  in  Hadenville.  Mass.,  in  1893,  took  charge  of  the  Congregational  Church  there 
for  six  years.  Ill  health  of  himself  and  wife  compelled  him  to  resign  in  1899,  and  he  re- 
moved to  Crown  Point  in  1900,  resuming  his  father's  business;  from  which  he  retired, 
and  where  he  now  remains  and  maintains  his  "summer  resort,"  at  Buck  Mansion,  which 
retains  its  popularity  and  patronage  of  35  years.  He  also  very  often  acts  as  church 
supply  when  occasion  requires  and  is  frequently  called  to  conduct  marriage  and  funeral 
services.     They  have  no  children. 

59 


Dr.  Willmarth  S.  Buck.     Education.     Profession.     Residence.     Fred  L.  Viall  md.  Mary  E. 
Buck.     Family.     Frederick  Norbury   Viall. 

Willmarth  Samuel  Buck,  son  of  Samuel  and  Emma  L.,  born  Oct.  11,  1869.  He  re- 
ceived his  education  at  Crown  Point  Academy  and  Philips  Andover  preparatory  schools, 
entered  in  1892,  the  University  of  Penn.  Medical  School  in  Philadelphia,  from  which  he 
graduated  in  1896,  and  after  two  years  hospital  work  there  and  soon  after  passing  the 
post  graduate  course  of  the  Albany  Medical  College  he  married  Dec.  20.  1899,  Maud  S., 
dau.  of  Chas.  H.  and  Jenette  Black  of  Chelsea,  Mass.,  and  settled  in  Plattsburg,  N.  Y„ 
where  he  is  now  a  practicing  physician  and  surgeon  with  a  good  practice  (making  chil- 
dren's diseases  a  specialty).  He  spent  the  winter  of  1906-7  in  Florida  as  house  physician  of 
the  Magnolia  Springs  Hotel  near  Green  Cove.  St.  Johns  River,  and  the  spring  of  1908  at 
San  Francisco,  Cal.,  soon  after  the  earthquake  and  fire  of  Apl.  IS.  1906,  as  attendant 
physician  of  James  B.  Farley,  the  then  famous  "strike  breaker,"  bn.  in  1873  and  died 
Sept.  10,  1913,  in  Plattsburg,  and  party  in  that  perilous  and  marvelous  undertaking  there 
and  at  Chicago,  New  York,  New  Orleans,  Philadelphia  and  elsewhere.  He  is  now  one  of 
the  attendant  physicians  of  the  Medical  Board  of  the  new  "Champlain  Valley  Hospital," 
opened  up  in  1910  and  has  recently  installed  a  new  X-ray  machine,  for  use  in  surgical 
locations  and  operations.  His  office  is  on  Margaret  St..  and  his  residence,  14  Couch  St.. 
Plattsburg,  N.  Y.  They  have  no  living  children,  having  lost  two  infant  sons  at  birth  in 
May,  1902.  and  Apl.  S,  1918,  buried  at  Crown  Point.  N.  Y. 

Fred  L.  Viall  born  Jan.  15.  1865,  son  of  Alanson  S.  and  Sophronia  (Barker)  Viall  of 
Crown  Point,  md.  Mary  Emma  Buck,  bn.  Feb.  13,  1S67.  dau.  of  Samuel  and  Emma  L. 
Buck,  Mar.  11,  1891.  Children:  Frederick  Norbury,  born  Sept.  2,  1893,  and  Robert 
Samuel  born  Dec.  2,  1900.  Their  residence  is  at  37  Hamilton  St.,  Plattsburg,  N.  Y.,  the 
house  standing  on  the  hill  site  of  the  old  Government  Block  house  of  1S08  to  1814,  over- 
looking the  garrison  grounds  of  the  Plattsburg  U.  S.  Gov.  Post  and  Barracks  of  the  officers 
and  soldiers  of  the  U.  S.  Army  stationed  there.  Mr.  Viall  was  for  several  years  shipping 
clerk  of  the  Chateaugay  Iron  &  Ore  Co.,  in  their  railroad  office  at  Plattsburg,  and  is  now 
accountant  in  the  main  office  of  the  Plattsburg  Dock  &  Coal  Co.,  and  traveling  salesman. 

Robert  is  in  the  Plattsburg  High  School  from  which  Frederick  graduated  in  1911, 
and  entered  the  Pratt  Institute,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y..  in  1912,  and  now,  1913-14.  in  the  Art 
Students'  League  of  New  York,  where  he  died  Oct.  7,  1914,  aged  21,  a  talented,  intelligent 
and  promising  young  man  of  high  aspirations. 

OBITUARY. 

Frederick  Norbury  Viall,  who  died  while  in  New  York  City,  Oct.  7,  1914,  at  the  age 
of  21  years,  1  month  and  5  days.     A  bright,  talented,  and  promising  young  man. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  Art  Students'  I  eague  of  New  York,  held  Oct.  15.  1914,  the  fol- 
lowing Resolutions  were  unanimously  adopted:  "Whereas,  Frederick  N.  Viall  is  deceased 
at  the  beginning  of  a  career  which  his  talent  would  surely  have  made  a  brilliant  one: 
and  Whereas,  Mr.  Viall  has  been  a  member  of  the  League  for  two  years  and  was  at  the 
time  of  his  untimely  death  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Control:  therefore  be  it  Resolved. 
That  the  Art  Students'  Leaeue  hereby  records  its  sense  of  personal  loss  in  his  death  and 
extends  to  the  members  of  his  family  its  sincere  sympathy  in  their  loss;  and  be  it  further 
Resolved,  That  these  Resolutions  be  spread  on  the  Minutes  of  the  League  and  the 
Secretary  be  instructed  to  send  a  copy  of  them  to  the  family  of  the  deceased." 

This  copy  was  in  the  form  of  an  elegant  Memorial  Book,  hand  engraved  and  illumined 
in  purple  and  gold  on  vellum  bearing  fifty  signatures  of  the  officers  and  members  of  the 
board  and  school. 

"PASS  UNDER  THE  ROD." 

By  Mrs.  Mary  S.  (Buck)  Dana.  Set  to  music  by  Mrs.  Sue  (Ingersoll)  Scott.  In 
"Perfect  Jewels,"  page  416,  compiled  by  Wm.  Ralston  Balch,  published  Rutland,  Vt.,  by 
Sydney  M.  Southard,  1884. 

I  saw  a  young  bride  in  her  beauty  and  pride.  Bedecked  in  her  snowy  array; 

And  the  bright  flush  of  joy  mantled  high  on  her  cheek,  And  the  future  looked  blooming 

and    gay 
And  with  woman's  devotion  she  laid  her  fond  heart,  At  the  shrine  of  idolatrous  love, 
And  she  anchored  her  hopes  to  this  perishing  earth,  By  the  chain  which  her  tenderness 

wove 

60 


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George  Vial]   Coat  of  Arms  of  Eng 


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4  (<3*dO)%*Jto 

(At  18  Yrs.  of  Age.) 


Pass  Under  the  Rod.     (Continued).     Sequel. 

But  I  saw  when  those  heart-strings  were  bleeding  and  torn.  And  the  chain  had  been 

severed  in  two 
She  had  changed  her  white  robes  for  the  sables  of  grief,  And  her  bloom  for  the  paleness 

of  woe! 
But  the  Healer  was  there,  pouring  balm  on  her  heart,  And  willing  the  tears  from  her  eyes, 
And  he  strengthened  the  chain  he  had  broken  in  twain,  And  fastened  it  firm  to  the  skies! 
There  had  whispered  a  voice— 'twas  the  voice  of  her  God:    "I  love  thee— I  love  thee— 

pass  under  the  rod.'' 

I  saw  a  young  mother  in  tenderness  bend — O'er  the  couch  of  her  slumbering  boy 
And  she  kissed  the  soft  lips  as  they  murmured  her  name — While  the  dreamer  lay  smil- 
ing in  joy 
Oh,  sweet  as  the  rosebud  encircled  with  dew — When  its  fragrance  is  flung  on  the  air. 
So  fresh  and  so  bright  to  that  mother  he  seemed — As  he  lay  in  his  innocence  there, 
But  I  saw  when  she  gazed  on  the  same  lovely  form,  Pale  as  marble,  and  silent  and  cold, 
But  paler  and  colder  her  beautiful  boy,  And  the  tale  of  her  sorrow  was  told! 
But  the  Healer  was  there  who  had  stricken  her  heart.  And  taken  her  treasure  away; 
To  allure  her  to  heaven,  He  had  placed  it  on  high,  And  the  mourner  will  sweetly  obey. 
There  had  whispered  a  voice — 'twas  the  voice  of  her  God:  "I  love  thee — I  love  thee — pass 
under  the  rod." 

I  saw  the  fond  brother,  with  glances  of  love — Gazing  down  on  a  gentle  young  girl. 
And  she  hung  on  his  arm,  and  breathed  soft  in  his  ear,  As  he  played  with  each  graceful 

curl. 
Oh,  he  loved  the  sweet  tones  of  her  silvery  voice,  Let  her  use  it  in  sadness  or  glee;, 
And  he  twined  his  arms  round  her  delicate  form,  As  she  sat  in  the  eve  on  his  knee. 
But  I  saw  when  he  gazed  on  her  death  stricken  face,  And  she  breathed  not  a  word  in  his 

ear, 
And  he  clasped  his  arms  round   an   icy-cold  form,  And   he  moistened  her  cheek  with   a 

tear. 
But  the  Healer  was  there,  and  he  said  to  him  thus.  '"Grieve  not  for  thy  sister's  short  life" 
And  he  gave  to  his  arms  still  another  fair  girl,  And  he  made  her  his  own  cherished  wile! 
There  had  whispered  a  voice — 'twas  the  voice  of  his  God:  "I  love  thee — I  love  thee-  p;iss 

under  the  rod." 

I  saw,  too,  a  father  and  mother  who  leaned — On  the  arms  of  a  dear  gifted  son, 

And  the  star  in  the  future  grew  bright  to  their  gaze.  As  they  saw  the  proud  place  he  had 

won; 
And  the  fast  coming  evening  of  life  promised   fair,   And   its  pathway  grew  smooth    lo 

their  feet, 
And  the  starlight  of  love  glimmered  bright  at  the  end,  And  the  whispers  of  fancy  were 

sweet, 
And  I  saw  them  again,  bending  low  o'er  the  grave.  Where  their  hearts  dearest  hope  had 

been  laid, 
And  the  star  had  gone  down  in  the  darkness  of  night,  And  the  joy  from  their  bosoms  had 

fled. 

But  the  Healer  was  there,  and   his  arms  were  around.  And  he  led  them   with  tenderest 

care ; 
And  he  showed  them  a  star  in  Hie  bright  upper  world,  "I'was  their  .shir  shining  brilliantly 

there ! 
They  had  each  heard  a  voic< — 'twas  the  voice  of  their  Hod:   "I  love  thee — r  love  thee 

pass  under  the  rod!" 

"PASSING   UNDER   THE  ROD"   REV.   W.    P.    DALE    (SEQUEL) 
CHARLES   EDWARD    I'OI.I.OCK. 

When  bowed  with  afflictions  and  woes  here  below,  As  on  in  my  way  to  bright  Heaven  I  go, 
I  hear  a  sweet  voice,  'tis  the  voice  of  my  God — "1  love  thee — I  love  thee—  p;iss  under  the 
rod." 

61 


Sequel.     (Continued).     Yiall   Genealogy.     Family   of   Wm.   and   Marti    (Greely)    Viall   of 

Essex,  N.  Y. 

When  trials  and  losses  fall  unto  me  here;  When  mingling  the  cup  of  thanksgiving  with 

tears 
1  hear  the  same  voice,  the  same  voice  of  my  God — "I  love  thee,  I  love  thee,  pass  under 

the  rod." 
When  weeping  I  stand  o'er  the  spoils  of  the  grave.  My  friends  all  departed  beyond  the 

dark  wave: 
1  hear  the  sweet  voice  of  my  Father  and  God — "I  love  thee,  I  love  thee,  pass  under  the 

rod." 
(Set  to  music) — In  "Memorial  Offering"  by  C.  E.  Leslie,  Chicago,  1886;   New  York 
William  A.  Pond  &  Co.,  25  Union  Square. 

The  Vialls  are  descended  from  an  ancient  Italian  plebian  family  of  Florence  and 
the  Tuscan  Apenines  country,  the  land  of  romance  and  adventure.  The  name  is 
derived  from  the  Latin,  Via  (a  way  or  avenue)  on  which  they  lived,  and  we  find  streets 
in  Florence  on  the  Arno  and  elsewhere  bearing  the  name  which  corresponds  to  our 
avenues  and  even  as  late  as  now  there  is  a  Viall  Ave.,  in  Mechanics ville,  N.  Y.  The 
name  of  Viall  has  been  variously  spelled  Vial,  Viall,  Viale  and  Vialle,  all  the  changes 
having  come  by  changes  in  location  and  the  usual  liberty  taken  with  surnames  all  over 
the  world. 

Some  of  the  family  have  figured  quite  prominently  in  Italian  politics,  a  General 
Alberto  Viall  being  in  the  recent  troubles  in  Italy  and  another  Victor  Alfredo  Vialle  was 
Secretary  of  War  some  years  ago. 

They  left  Florence  probably  in  time  of  Lorenzo  and  Cellini  de  Medici  and  Podestus. 
criminal  oppression  about  1367,  making  life  unbearable  in  that  most  lovely  part  of  the 
world,  going  from  Italy  to  Orleans  on  the  Loire,  France,  where  they  joined  with  the 
Huguenots  and  took  a  somewhat  active  part  in  that  contest.  After  the  revocation  of  the 
Edict  of  Nantes  Oct.  22,  1CS5,  after  battle  of  St.  Denis  Nov.  10,  1567,  and  massacre  of  St. 
Bartholomew's  Day,  Aug.  24,  1572,  and  the  scattering  of  the  protestant  forces,  they  went 
perhaps  first  to  Holland,  and  then  to  England  and  settled  with  the  Huguenot  weavers 
at  Bolton,  Lancashire,  between  1567  and  1685  or  before  as  we  find  one  branch  appears 
to  have  gone  direct  from  Italy  after  the  oppression  of  13G7  and  settled  in  Allington, 
Devonshire,  before  1450,  from  Flanders  or  Holland.  Another  branch  is  found  at  Twicken- 
ham, Middlesex  Co.,  England,  early  with  "coat  of  arms"  (see  Burke's  Heraldry).  From 
there  John,  Sr.,  bn.  1618,  emigrated  with  his  family  to  Boston,  Mass.,  about  1639,  died, 
ltiS6.  John,  Jr.,  in  Salem  and  Swansea,  1679,  and  John  2nd,  in  Newport,  family  settling 
in  Portsmouth  and  Providence,  R.  I.,  1690  to  about  17.S9,  in  Revolution  and  at  commence- 
ment of  its  spinning  industry.  For  Genealogy  see  descendants  of  John,  "Who  was  in 
Rev.  service  from  Bunker  Hill  to  Yorktown,"  by  David  Jillson,  of  South  Attleboro,  Mass., 
8  vo.,  37  pages,  to  1847  or  79. 

From  there,  after  close  of  Revolution,  Philip,  son  of  John,  with  4  sons,  wife  and  dau. 
emigrated  to  Willsboro,  Essex  Co.,  N.  Y.,  was  there  in  1790,  and  William,  oldest  son  bn. 
Sept.  14,  1792,  died  Feb.  2G,  1855,  md.  in  1820  Mary  Greely,  dau.  of  John,  revolutionary 
soldier  (cousin  of  Horace),  bn.  Apl.  14,  1796,  died  Jan.  24,  1875,  (see  Greeley  Genealogy 
by  G.  H.  Greeley,  Boston,  1905,  pages  314,  315,  653,  654,  and  865),  was  in  War  of  1812-14, 
and  settled  in  Essex,  N.  Y.,  and  had  sons:  Asa  E.  bn.  Apl.  10,  1836,  md.  Harriet  Meeker 
and  remained  at  home;  Harrison  bn.  Aug.  26,  1840,  (went  early  to  Michigan  and  Wiscon- 
sin with  younger  brother  Ransom),  md.  Lizzie  Loyd,  finally  settled  in  St.  Paul,  Minn.,  and 
left  a  son  there;  and  Ransom  M.,  bn.  Feb.  14,  1S2."..  md.  Mattie  M.  Allison,  of  Orangeville, 
Ind.,  finally  settled  in  California,  and  died  in  Arizona  in  1895;  Alanson  S.,  bn.  May  25, 
1822,  md.  Sophronia,  dau.  of  John  and  Louisa  (Jones)  Barker  of  Crown  Point,  N.  Y.,  Feb. 
19,  1851,  and  settled  there  as  hotel  keeper,  died  May  18,  1S95;  and  John  G.,  bn.  Nov.  12, 
1829,  in  Civil  War,  Capt.  5th  N.  Y.  Cavalry,  afterward  md.  in  Maryland,  Estelle,  dau.  of 
Jas.  W.  and  Mary  S.  (Doude)  Boswell,  Aug.  19,  1865,  and  resided  in  Wash.,  D.  C,  died 
Sept.  1,  1913,  buried  in  Nat.  Cem.,  Arlington,  Va.;  and  daus. :  Ann  P.,  bn.  Aug.  25,  1827, 
md.  F.  H.  Page,  and  Mary  E.,  bn.  May  20,  1832,  md.  1st,  Orlando  Fayre,  2nd,  Frank 
Whitney.  Betsy,  Sally,  Charity,  Zulima  and  Avis  were  sisters  of  William,  and  John  a 
brother  of  William,  bn.  about  1794,  resided  in  Willsboro  and  had  a  son  John  residing  on 
Viall  Hill,  Bouquet,  Essex,  in  1870,  who  has  sons,  and  Erastus  a  machine  man  and  civil 
engineer  from  Pennsylvania,  settled  in  Chicago  and  another  son,  probably  Samuel,  at 
Elmira,  N.  Y. 

62 


Acadia.  Huguenot  Ancestry.  Samuel  I'm//  of  Elmira.  Early  Settler  of  Chicago.  Ad- 
Dentures  and  Settlement.  Geo.  M.  Viall.  Hist,  of  Plattsburg.  Macdonough's  Victory. 
Gen.  McComb  Lands  Forces.     Plattsourg's  Situation,   Earliest   History.     Gov.  Barracks. 

Another  of  same  stock  and  ancestry  went  with  the  Huguenots  to  Acadia  in  Nova 
Scotia  about  1614  and  from  there  was  driven  out  to  Louisiana  during  the  troubles  of 
1713,  when  Nova  Scotia  was  ceded  to  Britain,  by  British  soldiers  under  Col.  Monckton, 
Sept.  5,  1755,  and  finally  settled  there  among  the  old  Creole  families  of  New  Orleans. 
Seventeen  ships  conveyed  them  to  North  Carolina,  Virginia,  Maryland  and  elsewhere 
from  "Grand  Pre,  in  Basin  of  Minas."  The  church  at  Grand  Pre  in  which  the  order 
of  the  King  of  England,  George  2nd,  was  read  for  their  eviction  is  now  standing  in 
ruins. 

They  left  Florence  in  time  of  the  Podestas,  Collinide  Medici  rule,  134:!,  the  most 
appalling  criminal  oppression  of  Florentine  history,  at  first  taking  refuge  in  France. 
Acadia  was  colonized  by  the  French  under  Sieur  d'Roberval  in  1547  and  De  Monts  1560 
to  1611.  Sir  William  Alexander,  son  of  William  Alexander  3rd,  of  Scotland,  bn.  in  1560 
of  .Menstrie,  Sterlingshire,  Scot.,  of  the  Argyle  family,  was  knighted  by  King  James  in 
1012  and  was  bestowed  a  gift  and  grant  of  Canada,  inclusive  of  Nova  Scotia  or  Acadia 
and  Newfoundland,  Sept.  21,  1621,  subsequently  confirmed  by  Chas.  1st.  In  1624  he 
published  an  "Encouragement  to  Colonists,"  republished  in  1625  and  30,  was  Secretary 
of  State,  1626,  and  created  a  Peer  of  England  in  1630.  In  1633,  he  was  made  Earl  of 
Sterling  and  Viscount  of  Canada  and  in  1639  Earl  of  Devon.  He  died  in  London  Feb.  12, 
1640.      (Enc.   Brit.   9th    Ed..    Vol.   1.   page    193). 

Samuel  Viall,  bn.  1819,  came  from  Elmira.  N.  V..  with  his  parents  in  1834  via  the 
Great  Lakes  to  Illinois,  landing  in  Chicago,  then  a  small  struggling  village  of  1,600 
inhabitants  including  several  companies  of  soldiers  at  Fort  Dearborn.  His  father  the 
previous  season  had  built  a  16-foot  log  cabin  on  the  open  prairie  about  17  miles  from 
Chicago.  It  was  a  typical  pioneer  home.  Neighbors  were  few  and  far  apart,  wolves  were 
plenty  and  troublesome,  Indians  roamed  the  plains  and  were  much  more  in  evidence 
than  the  white  man.  There  were  no  stores,  no  schools,  no  churches  nearer  than  Chicago. 
Other  settlers  took  up  the  prairie  lands,  schools  followed  and  the  religious  needs  of  the 
little  settlement  were  so  urgent  that  a  Congregational  Church  was  formed  in  1843. 
Others  followed.  The  whole  district  from  open  prairie  has  become  one  of  the  most 
popular  residential  suburbs  of  Chicago.  For  nearly  three  quarters  of  a  century  Mr. 
Viall  and  a  younger  brother  John  have  been  identified  with  all  the  best  and  highest  in- 
terests of  Cook  Co.  Strong  advocates  of  temperance,  they  have  most  of  their  home 
districts  saloonless  from  the  start.  As  champions  of  the  higher  education  they  have 
worked  for  and  lived  to  see  the  educational  standards  the  best  in  the  middle  west. 
Mi.  Vial]  having  a  retentive  memory  and  ready  speech  was  easily  the  best  authority  on 
local  history  in  the  vicinity  of  Chicago.  He  reproduced  the  sterling  worth,  the  mental 
ability  and  the  intense  activity  of  the  best  Puritan  life  and  traditions  of  New  England 
two  centuries  ago.  One  of  his  sons,  George  M.  Viall,  is  known  to  Congregationalists 
the  i  ountry  over.  Staunch  christians,  they  have  been  towers  of  strength  for  the  advance 
of  the  Kingdom  of  God.     Samuel  Viall  died  in  1911,  aged  92. 

Plattsburg  dates  from  1785.  It  has  twice  been  destroyed  by  fire,  in  1849  and  1867. 
In  1812  it  became  the  headquarters  of  the  U.  S.  Army  on  the  northern  frontier  ami  on 
Sept.  11,  1814,  it  was  rendered  famous  through  the  capture  of  the  British  flotilla  under 
Com.  Downie  by  the  U.  S.  flotilla  under  Com.  Macdonough  and  the  consequent  retreat 
from  across  the  Saranac  River  of  Sir  George  Prevosl  who  had  been  simultaneously  at- 
tacking the  village  with  a  powerful  army  against  the  American  forces  under  Gen.  Alex. 
McComb.  Downie  and  fifteen  other  officers  of  the  contending  forces  are  buried  in  the 
old  part  of  the  Plattsburg  Riverside  cemetery,  and  the  old  stone  house  is  still  standing 
in   the  city   on    River  Street,   Unit    was   used   for  a    hospital   for   the   wounded   and   dying. 

Plattsburg  is  on  the  west  shore  of  Lake  Champlain  and  is  the  principal  gateway  to 
the  Adirondack  region  and  the  larger  islands  of  the  lake.  It  is  in  a  lumber  and  iron 
district  and  handles  these  products  chiefly.     Population  in   1910,   11,138. 

In  1785,  Zepheniah  Plait,  of  Dutchess  Co..  X.  Y.,  bought  up  the  first  section  tract  of 
land  comprising  of  29,9s::  acres,  lying  and  being  on  Cumberland  Head,  Plattsburg  and 
Peru,  for  settlement.  Two  block  houses  were  built  in  Plattsburg  in  1796  and  ,S  and  an- 
other in  1S06  and  the  Government  Barracks  in  1*14.  Zepheniah  I  Matt  built  "the  Home- 
stead" in  1793  and  s  known  as  "the  Government  House,"  where  courts  were  held  flor 
many  years.  This  and  Benjamin  Moore's  brick  house  are  stil  standing  on  the  south 
side  of  the  river,  that  of  Moore's  on  the  corner  of  Bridge  and  Peru  Streets,  being  literally 

63 


Count   Be    Frederiburg's    Estate.     ZepJieniah    Piatt.     Gen.    Moore    and    Others.     Site    of 

Fredenburg  Mansion.     The  Vialls  in  England.     Hist,  of  Trigg  Manor.     Trevorder.  George 

Viell.     Origin  of  Name,  Coat  of  Arms.    John   Viall. 

peppered  all  over  with  canister  and  shot  and  now  marked  by  a  memorial  marble  tablet 
in  the  walls.  He  was  a  Lieut,  in  the  Revolution,  and  in  the  War  of  1812,  Maj.  Gen.  of 
Volunteers.     Gen.  Moore  lived  on  Cumberland  Head  from  1794  to  1821. 

It  was  on  Jan.  11th,  1769,  that  his  then  reigning  majesty  George  3rd,  issued  a  war- 
rant for  30,000  acres  of  land  lying  on  the  Saranac  River  to  his  good  servant  the  late 
Captain  Chas.  de  Fredenburg.  The  Count  had  visited  the  section  years  previous  and 
looked  upon  the  spot  with  loving  eye.  When  he  built  his  dwelling  in  1767  on  what  is 
now  the  corner  of  Bridge  and  Green  Streets,  his  nearest  neighbors  were  John  La  Fram- 
brois  in  Chazy,  and  William  Hay  and  Henry  Cross  opposite  Valcour  Island  on  the  south. 
His  mansion  was  surrounded  by  the  log  cabins  of  his  dependents  and  workmen  and  the 
picture  presented  was  perhaps  more  like  the  Overlord's  castle  in  Baronial  days  than  the 
plantations  then  taking  root  in  the  sunny  south.  Three  miles  away  stood  the  saw-mill 
on  the  bank  of  the  river  at  what  is  known  as  Fredenburg  Falls.  It  is  said  the  Count 
lived  in  sumptuous  grandeur  with  his  wife  and  family  but  the  rising  cloud  of  revolution 
shattered  his  dreams  as  it  did  those  of  many  another  who  held  his  broad  acres  by  right 
of  royal  patent.  As  revolution  spread  and  the  danger  became  more  threatening,  the 
Captain  and  his  family  left  their  splendid  forest  retreat  for  Montreal  where  safety  was 
assured.  Later  his  mill  and  dwellings  were  burned  and  the  Count  himself  died  or  was 
never  heard  of  afterward.  Then  Zepheniah  Piatt  and  his  eleven  companions  came  in 
1784  and  it  is  interesting  to  recall  that  in  1798  the  village  of  Plattsburg  had  250  in- 
habitants and  that  on  the  site  of  the  Fredenburg  Mansion  stood  the  tavern  built  by 
John  Clark  at  foot  of  Peru  and  intersection  of  Bridge  and  head  of  Green  Streets,  running 
down  to  Clark's  landing  in  1798,  near  present  railroad  bridge;  the  U.  S.  Hotel  of  Israel 
Green  "the  Quaker  Tavern  Keeper"  (destroyed  by  fire  Dec.  27,  1868)  and  now  a  plant  of 
the  great  Armour  Meat  Supply  Co.  of  Chicago,  and  Joseph  I.  Green  had  a  tavern  at  the 
corner  of  Margaret  and  Court  Streets  I  the  old  Phoenix  Hotel  of  John  McKee)  destroyed 
by  fire  in  1825,  now  site  of  Cumberland  House,  and  James  I.  Green  had  harness  and 
saddle  making  shop  on  Bridge  Street  in  1823,  destroyed  by  fire  1832,  also  Fouquet  and 
Green's  store. 

Viall  or  Vill  in  England:  History  of  the  Denary  of  Trigg,  Manor  Cornwall  by  Sir 
John  Maclean,  vol.  3.  page  364.     London,  1S42,  and  Harleian  Society,  17th  vol.,  page  311. 

In  Herald  Visitation.  1620,  in  Pedigree  of  Billon  alias  Billing.  George  Viell,  of 
Wood,  parish  of  Allington,  Devon  Co.  and  Trevorder,  md.  before  1472,  Elizabeth  Billing, 
dau.  and  co-heir  with  sister  Margaret  of  Richard,  son  and  heir  of  John  Billon  or  Billing 
of  Trevonder,  who  died  Apl.  20,  1513,  in  reign  of  Henry  8th.  John  Viell,  son  and  heir, 
died  Apl.  7,  1546,  md.  Isabella,  dau.  of  John  Carminow  of  Tentongollen,  aged  40  years, 
on  his  father's  death.  William  Viell,  son  and  heir,  aged  30  years,  on  his  father's  death, 
and  has  no  sons  and  the  name  expires.  Held  Trevorder  in  1550.  Will  proved  at  Exeter 
1591  B.  P. 

George  Viell  by  his  marriage  with  Elizabeth  Billing  acquired  Trevorder  and  eventu- 
ally seated  himself  there  in  1450  and  died  in  1513  and  is  buried  in  parish  of  St.  Teedy. 
( Old  style  spelled  Johannes  Vyall  and  may  have  come  from  Flanders  or  Holland ) . 
Coat  of  arms:  3  deer's  heads  and  breast,  slanterwise  in  belt  on  shield  taken  from  Billon 
and  adopted  by  Viell  thus. 

John  Viall  of  Swanzey,  Mass.,  and  descendents.  By  David  Jillson  of  South  Attle- 
boro,  Mass.,  8  vo.,  37  pages.  Reprint  from  Narragansett  Hist.  Reg.,  Providence,  R.  I., 
1884-5,  No.  3,  pages  97-113  and  177-199;  also  "Annals  of  America,"  by  Abiel  Holmes.  D.  D., 
Cambridge,  2  vols.,  1827,  vol.  1st,  notes  30-9,  pages  209-486.  Name  in  earlv  records, 
Vyole,  Vyale,  Viol,  Vyall,  Viell  and  Viall  or  Viale.  John  Viall,  Sr.,  bn.  1619.  John 
Viall,  Jr.,  1682,  and  John  Viall  2nd,  who  died  in  Boston,  1720. 

According  to  Burke  in  his  work  on  heraldry  the  family  were  of  Twickenham,  Mid- 
dlesex Co.,  England.  The  arms  were:  "Or  on  a  bend  gu,  three  lozenges  or,  in  the  sinister 
chief  point  a  treefoil  slipped  gu."     Crest:   A  demi-leopard  ppr  sans  tail,  ducally  gorged. 

John  Viall  kept  the  old  Ship  Tavern,  owned  and  occupied  by  John  Viall,  sen.,  from 
1662  to  his  removal  to  Swansey  in  1679.  John  Viall  allowed  to  be  weaver  first  found  in 
Boston,  Jan.  11,  1639;  admitted  freeman  June  2,  1041;  first  wife  Mary  died  in  1656; 
James,  first  child,  living  in  1664;  second  marriage,  Elizabeth,  dau.  of  Richard  Smith,  bap. 
June  12,  1664. 

John  Viall  (vintner)  of  Boston  in  Swansea,  Aug.  25,  1679,  and  Rehoboth,  COO  acres 
or  less.     John  Viall  died  Feb.  26,  1885  or  6. 

64 


Swansea,  Salem  and  Bristol  (R.  J.)     Descendants  Muss,  and  R.  I.  Vialls.    Family  Rec- 
ords.    French   and   Herman    Hulls.     Hiram    Buck.   Son   oj   Saml.     Family  Monument   in 

Fairview  Cemetery. 

John,  shipwright  and  inn-holder  md.  Mary,  dau.  of  Nathaniel  and  Mary  Williams, 
Mar.  6,  1GG4.  Children:  John  hn.  Sept.  14,  1672;  Nathaniel  bn.  Oct.  8,  1676;  and  Joseph 
bn.  Jan.  5,  1678,  bap.  in  old  South  Church,  Boston,  Julv  6,  1679.  Church  founded  in  May, 
1679. 

Samuel,  son  of  John,  md.  in  Salem,  Mar.  l:',.  lT'ii'..  Susanna  Flint.  She  died  in 
Bristol,  R.  I.,  Nov.  16,  1715.  It  is  possible  he  lived  in  Kingston,  R.  I.,  before  he  md.  in 
Salem.  Son  Benjamin  bn.  July,  1714.  Benjamin  bn.  in  Salem  Nov.  8,  1710,  died  in 
Bristol,  Aug.  11,  1729.  Samuel  bn.  at  Salem.  Feb.  1,  170S,  died  at  Bristol,  Apl.  25,  1729. 
Hezekiah  bn.  at  Bristol,  Nov.  2,  1716,  md.  Abigial  Wanton  of  Newport,  Sept.  2,  17116.  He 
died  May  4,  1739;  had  no  children.  Benjamin,  son  of  John,  md.  in  Rehoboth  May  26, 
1701,  Esther  Wiswall,  md.  second  wife  Sarah  Wiswall;  was  prominent  man  there. 
Benjamin  and  brother  Jonathan  bought,  Sept.  1,  1718,  estate  in  Swansea.  John  bn. 
May  19,  1704,  died  before  1750.  Nathaniel  bn.  Nov.  11,  1705,  died  Feb.  19,  1800,  in  94th 
year.      (Monument  Viall  Cem.,  Rehoboth,  Congregational  Church). 

Thos.  bn.  before  1731  died  before  1750.  Jonathan,  md.  Mercy  Wiswall.  He  died 
Jan.,  1724.  Children:  James,  bn.  July  14.  1700,  at  Swansea,  died  1731;  Jonathan,  bn.  Aug. 
17,  1701,  at  Swansea,  wife  Hannah,  died  Nov.  6,  1732;  Joseph,  bn.  Apl,  7,  1709;  and 
Benjamin,  bn.  Jan.  11,  1711,  at  Swansea. 

Third  Gen.  John  (son  of  John  2nd,  son  of  John  1st),  md.  in  Boston,  Dec.  27,  1694, 
Mary  Adams;  son  Jonathan,  bn.  Sept.  21,  1701.  Nathaniel  md.  in  Boston,  Sarah,  dau  of 
Elisha  Bennett,  July  12,  1708;  children:  in  Boston,  Samuel,  bn.  May  2,  1709,  md.  wife 
Mary  of  Lynn.  Another  Nathaniel  md.  Mary  Clark  June  6,  1723;  married  by  Cotton 
Mather.     Nathaniel,  bn.  Mar.  21,  1723.     Samuel,  bn.  Oct.  1,  1725. 

Nathaniel,  son  of  Benjamin,  son  of  John,  died  May  26,  1731;  sons:  Samuel;  Benjamin 
died  Mar.  22,  1819,  aged  89;  John  of  Barrington;  James;  Jonathan;  John  died  Jan.  26, 
L821;  John  2nd,  of  Newport,  R.  I.,  1789.  There  is  also  said  to  be  a  "Vial  family  record," 
3  pages  excerpt  by  Julian  Potter,  pub.  in  1901,  and  copied  from  an  old  Bible  record,  and 
begins  with  John  Viall,  1721,  and  his  son  Jonathan  and  his  son  James,  etc.,  to  1801,  a 
very  interesting  record. 

FRENCH   AND  GERMAN   VIALLS. 

Vial,  Victor,  French  violinist  and  composer,  1565. 

Vial,  Jean  Baptiste  Charles,  French  dramatic  author,  1771-1837,  (comedy  writer, 
Paris). 

Vial,  du  Clairbois  Honore  Sebastian,  French  engineer,  1733-1816. 

Vial,  Chas.  de  Saint  Bell,  French  author  on  eclipses,  London,  1791. 

Viel,  Chas.  Francois,  French  architect  and  writer,  1745-1819. 

Viel,  Jean  Marie  Victor,  French  architect,  bn.  1796. 

Viel,  Chas.  Marie  de,  French  converted  Christian  Jew  and  sacred  writer,  died  1680. 

Viel,  Louis  de  Compeigne,  French  converted  Christian  Jew  and  sacred  writer,  died 
1700. 

Vial,  Romain,  Spanish  writer,  Santiago,  Chili,   is:;:;. 

Vial,  Paulin  Francois  Alexandre,  Paris  writer,  1886. 

Vial,  Francisque,  Paris  writer,  1901-3. 

Vial,  Paul,  French  dictionary  writer,  Paris,  1909. 

Vial,  Fredrich  Wilhelm,  Marburg,  Detmold,  German  music  writer,  recent,  1912. 

Hiram  Buck,  born  Jan.  16,  1804,  died  Feb.  7,  1S64;  "Sic  Transit  Gloria  Mundi." 
(Thus  the  glory  of  man  passeth  away)  is  engraved  on  his  monument  in  Fairview 
Cemetery,  Crown  Point  Center.  Son  of  Samuel  of  Bridport,  Vt.,  and  brother  of  Helon  of 
Crown  Point,  N.  V.,  with  whom  he  was  associated  many  years,  md.  Feb.,  1836,  Almedia, 
Bass  Rawson  of  Schroon  Lake,  bn.  Sept.  28,  1810,  died  Sept.  17,  1899.  She  was  dau.  of 
Clark  Rawson,  the  first  school  teacher  there,  son  of  Simeon,  son  of  Seneca  Rawson,  lived 
on  hill  at  head  of  Schroon  Lake,  son  Ashley  being  a  famous  pioneer  and  mail  stage  and 
passenger  coach  driver  on  the  State  military  macadam  milestone  Schroon  Valley  road, 
with  toll  gates,  relay  stations  and  wayside  Inns  from  Albany  to  Plattsburg.  (See  also 
"the  Rawson  family,"  by  E.  B.  Crane,  Worcester,  Mass.,  1875,  pages,  190-2).  They  had 
3  children:  Hiram  Jr.,  bn.  Feb.  5,  1839;  Almedia  R.,  bn.  Feb.,  1S42;  and  Rawson  C,  bn. 
Oct.  2,  1844,  died  young,  Feb.  8,  1885,  at  40  years,  leaving  a,  widow  and  dau.  Media  R., 

65 


Hiram,  Jr.     Almedia  and  Raioson  C,  Son  and  Dan.     Families.     Paris  S.  Russell.  Son-in- 

Law.     Hiram,  Jr.'s  Education  and  Profession.     Austin  Buck,  Son  of  Saml.     Family.     Old 

Homestead.     Drover,  Speculator,  Hotel  Keeper. 

bn.  .rune  12,  1S70.  He  md.  Sept.  15,  186S,  Emma  Adel  Myrick,  dau.  of  Barney  Myriek  of 
Bridport,  Vt.,  who  is  now  settled  at  Port  Richmond,  Staten  Island,  N.  Y.,  the  dau.  as  a 
teacher. 

Hiram  Jr..  md.  Feb.  21,  1SG0,  Aramanda,  dau.  of  Samuel  and  Lydia  Russell,  hotel 
keeper  of  Crown  Point  Center,  bn.  May  30,  1838,  and  had  4  children,  2  sons  and  2  daus. : 
1st,  Vivian  A.,  bn.  Feb.  9,  1861,  md.  Dec.  3,  1889,  Henry  B.  Henderson  of  Cheyenne,  Wyo., 
bn.  Jan.  26,  1863,  issue:  Harry  Buck  Henderson,  bn.  Mar.  5,  1891,  grad.  Columbia  College, 
N.  Y„  1913;  2nd.  Effle  R.,  bn.  Sept.  29,  1863,  md.  William  H.  Dodds  of  Denver,  Colo.,  Aug. 
31,  1891,  issue:  Clara  R.,  bn.  Nov.  22,  1892;  3rd,  Hiram  Dudley,  bn.  Feb.  23,  1869,  md.  Dec. 
2,  1891,  Marion  Gertrude,  dau.  of  Jas.  E.  and  Josephine  (Towner)  Taylor,  issue:  Rawson 
D.,  bn.  Oct.  25,  1S94.  in  her  Trenton,  N.  J.,  home:  4th,  Clifford  Hand,  born  Dec.  21,  1873, 
md.  May  1.  1900,  Jessie  Swan  of  Cheyenne,  Wyo.,  he  was  Idled  at  Omaha,  Neb.,  Aug.  31, 
1914,  aged  41 ;  Dudley  is  a  furniture  dealer  located  at  Newburg  on  the  Hudson  River. 
The  mother  with  her  daughters  at  Cheyenne.  Wyo.,  and  Clifford  was  in  N.  Y.  City. 
Almedia,  bn.  in  Feb.,  1S42,  md.  July  3,  1862,  Paris  S.  Russell  of  Schroon  Lake,  bn.  in 
Crown  Point  Jan.  12,  1836.  He  died  in  1876  and  she  died  Dec.  29,  1911.  They  had  a 
large  family  of  5  girls  and  2  boys:  Adeline,  bn.  Mar.  19,  1863,  md.  W.  R.  McKenzie  of 
Grove  Point,  Schroon  Lake;  Belle,  bn.  Dec.  14,  1864,  md.  E.  J.  Sergei,  Los  Angeles,  Cal.; 
Kate,  bn.  Mar.  9,  1869,  md.  Peter  J.  McG.  Evers  of  Albany,  N.  Y.,  June  18,  1890,  and  died 
soon  after;  Bird,  (Media  it.)  bn.  Apl.  21,  1867,  md.  Frank  A.  Wardlaw  of  Schroon  Lake 
Lumber  Mills;  Jessie,  bn.  Sept.  21.  1N71,  md.  E.  I.  Burn  of  Atlanta,  Ga. ;  Samuel,  bn.  June 
10,  1870,  md.  Alice  Newton  of  Sheffield.  Mass.,  Sept.  13,  1891,  a  steamboat  captain,  had 
son  and  dau.:  Roslyn  and  Paris  S.,  bn.  1873,  md.  Frances  I.,  only  dau.  of  Freeman  H. 
Russell  of  Schroon  Lake,  June  3,  1901,  she  died  in  her  33rd  year  Feb.  13,  1914,  leaving  3 
children.  He  is  a  lawyer  now  residing  at  Great  Neck,  Long  Island,  N.  Y.  Mrs.  Almedia 
R.  Russell  was  a  model  woman.     "Optimae  Matri"   (to  the  best  of  mothers). 

Hiram  Buck,  Sr.,  was  well  known  for  many  years  as  an  extensive  dealer  in  state 
lands,  attending  the  annual  tax  sales  at  Albany  along  with  Garret  Smith,  Robert  Living- 
ston, Russell  Sage,  Norvin  Green  and  others  of  his  day  and  time.  He  was  careful,  learned 
and  intelligent  and  one  of  the  promoters  with  John  Kennedy,  William  Cutler  and  others 
of  the  "World's  Safe  Fire  Insurance  Co.,"  at  Albany,  N.  Y.,  about  1860,  which  to  his  loss 
and  sorrow,  for  he  died  soon  after,  never  materialized  as  expected  being  merged  into 
some  other  rival  concern. 

Hiram,  Jr.,  was  a  prominent  citizen  of  Crown  Point  for  several  years  finally  moving 
to  Albany,  where  he  died  of  a  lingering  illness  Apl.  15,  1896.  Both  were  of  the  order  of 
Free  Masons,  well  up  in  the  degrees.  Hiram,  Sr.,  was  a  colonel;  and  later  in  1S5.S, 
Hiram,  Jr.,  a  lieutenant,  in  the  N.  Y.  State  Militia  of  Co.  11,  34th  Reg.,  N.  Y.  Vol..  at  the 
commencement  of  the  Civil  War,  1863,  resigning,  soon  after  the  mustering  in  the  troops, 
from  poor  health,  when  his  commission  expired.  He  was  a  cousin  and  companion  of  my 
earlier  years  and  a  bright  pupil  of  our  early  and  able  English  schoolmaster,  Alfred  S. 
Palmer,  and  student  and  scholar  of  "the  Fort  Edward  Institute,"  1S57-S;  took  a  law 
course  at  Albany,  practiced  at  "the  Center"  where  he  resided,  wrote  for  the  press  under 
nom  de  plume  of  "Nemo"  but  never  aspired  to  the  bar  on  account  of  ill  health  and  other 
business  and  family  engagements. 

Austin  Buck,  born  Mar.  22,  1807.  and  died  Nov.  29,  1887,  second  son  of  Samuel  of 
Bridport,  Vt.,  inherited  the  old  homestead  and  estate  of  his  father  at  Bridport  and 
flourished  there  for  several  years,  a  drover  and  horseman  of  reputation,  but  finally 
through  unwise  speculation  and  mismanagement  unfortunately  lost  it  all  and  it  passed 
out  of  his  hands  and  is  now  owned  and  occupied  by  the  Fletcher  family;  Paris  Fletcher, 
president  of  the  Middlebury  Bank,  to  whom  it  was  mortgaged,  being  the  first  occupant 
after  foreclosure  about  1840.  He  md.  for  1st  wife  Anna  Miner.  Nov.,  1817;  2nd,  Mrs. 
Sarah  Bucklin.  They  were  distant  relatives  of  the  family.  He  died  in  1880  at  86  years, 
the  estate  being  settled  upon  Albert  Fletcher  who  now  resides  there. 

Austin  Buck,  md.  Eleanor  Heyward  of  Bridport,  Apl.  17,  1827,  she  was  born  May  9, 
1809,  died  Jan.  13,  18S3;  they  had  2  daus.  and  2  sons:  1st,  Ellen  M..  born  June  27,  1831, 
md.  Sept.  23,  1851,  David  S.  Hayward  of  Essex,  N.  Y.,  who  died  Mar.  17,  1901.  She  died 
May  12,  1904,  they  had  2  daus.,  both  died  young;  2nd.  Augusta  J.,  born  May  5,  1834,  md. 
Mar.  7,  1861,  Chas.  North  of  Whalonsburg,  N.  Y.  They  had  one  dau.,  Mrs.  Elery  Tyrrel. 
of  Essex,  N.  Y.,  and  2  sons,  who  went  west;  3rd.  Darwin  A.,  bn.  Oct.  2,  1836,  who  died  un- 

66 


OR.  LENOX 


With  Austin  Buck  in  Gt.  Old  Buck  Bouse  and  Relations.  Northups  and  Bostuncks. 
Isaac  Buck,  Jr.  With  Ethan  Allen  at  Taking  of  Ticonderoga.    Green  Ml.  Boys.    Lemuel 

Buck.  Son  of  Isaac.     Family. 

married  in  early  life,  Feb.  2,  1S67;  4th,  Henry  F.,  born  Sept.  2,  1S39.  md.  Kate  C.  Tom- 
linson  Apl.  3,  1884,  a  farmer  now  living  at  Bridport,  Vt.,  formerly  of  Reber  in  Willsboro, 
N.  Y.,  their  children  are:  Hester  V.,  bn.  May  4,  1885;  Louis  H.,  bn.  Sept.  21,  1S84,  md. 
Mary  Call  of  St.  Johns.  N.  B.,  June  11,  1912;  and  Daniel  T.,  bn.  Jan.  23,  1894. 

After  leaving  the  old  mansion  at  Bridport,  Austin  Buck,  kept  a  hotel  at  Lewis,  N.  Y., 
on  the  state  road  now  known  as  "the  Old  Buck  Tavern  Stand,"  for  a  number  of  years, 
then  removing  to  Wadhams  Mills  where  his  family  married,  and  afterward  he  assisted 
his  brother  Helon  in  the  droving  business,  going  with  large  droves  of  cattle  and  sheep 
and  horses  down  east  through  Vermont  to  the  old  Connecticut  towns  and  markets  of 
their  ancestors  and  with  whom  I  was,  in  1860-1  when  they  were  stopping  at.  New  Mil- 
ford  on  the  way  to  dispose  of  their  drove,  among  friends  and  relatives,  notably  at  the 
"old  Buck  house"  of  J.  I  eroy  Buck,  son  of  Jonathan  of  Joseph,  who  lived  on  the  hill 
above  the  vilage,  near  Housatonic  river,  1784  to  1851. 

My  Uncle  Austin  was  very  fond  and  proud  of  his  relatives  and  took  every  oppor- 
tunity and  great  pleasure  in  visiting  them  all,  among  whom  down  there  as  I  now  remem- 
ber were  also  the  old  families  of  the  Northups  at  Sharon  and  the  Bostwicks  at  Litchfield 
as  well  as  the  Bucks  at  New  Milford  and  elsewhere,  including  an  old  maid  at  Great  Bar- 
rington,  Mass.,  dau.  of  Samuel  Buck  who  was  living  there  in  1778. 

Isaac  Buck,  Jr.,  son  of  Isaac,  was  born  in  New  Milford,  Ct.,  May  23,  1763,  md.  about 
17N7.  Sarah  Hall  of  Addison,  Vt..  bn.  Feb.  6,  1763,  and  located  in  East  Addison  at  first  and 
kept  a  store,  was  there  in  1790,  near  his  brother  Samuel  Buck,  1795  to  1806,  with  whom 
he  had  business  relations,  but  finally  settled  at  "Buck's  Bridge,"  on  Grass  River,  Potsdam, 
N.  Y.,  in  1807,  and  died  there  in  Canton,  Oct.  27,  1841,  and  is  buried  in  "Buck's  Bridge 
Cemetery";   had  saw-mill  1809,  and  kept  store  and  post  office  there. 

Their  children  were:  1st,  Orrin,  bn.  Nov.  13,  1789.  died  Feb.  6,  1873;  2nd,  Mina,  bn. 
Nov.  27,  1791,  md.  Alfred  Gulley  of  Addison,  Vt.;  3rd,  Lemuel,  bn.  Oct.  9,  1793,  md.  Mar. 
13,  1823,  Elizabeth  Baldridge  and  had  10  children  among  whom  was  Leffert,  bn.  Feb.  5, 
1837,  at  Canton.  N.  Y.;  4th,  Zury,  bn.  Sept.  28,  1795,  drowned  skating,  and  Ezra  (twins). 

Orrin,  md.  Nov.  3,  1813,  1st  wife  Betsy  Sawyer,  bn.  Sept.  27,  1795,  died  Sept.  15,  1855; 
md.  2nd  wife  Polly  Sawyer,  both  daus.  of  Mannasseh  Sawyer  and  Beulah  Howe  his  wife 
of  Leominster,  Mass.  Children  of  Orrin  and  Betsy,  who  kept  store  and  post  office  and 
banker,  died  in  1873:  1st,  Mina  G„  bn.  Mar.  18,  1815;  2nd,  George,  bn.  Jan.  15,  1817;  3rd, 
Sally,  bn.  Aug.  31,  1818;  4th,  Harry,  bn.  Mav  12,  1820,  died  at  19  months:  5th,  Harry  2nd, 
bn.  Sept.  2,  1822;  6th,  Hepzibah,  bn.  June  23,  1824;  7th,  Alfred  G.,  bn.  Feb.  3.  1828,  died 
in  1894,  prosperous  merchant,  kept  same  store  and  post  office;  8th,  Emily  G.,  bn.  Dec.  16, 
1829,  md.  William  Jones;  and  9th.  Martha  H.,  bn.  July  12,  1838. 

It  is  said  Isaac  Buck  was  with  Ethan  Allen,  probably  with  his  father  and  the  Beeman 
boy  who  showed  the  way  to  Allen,  at  taking  of  Ticonderoga,  1775,  although  a  mere  lad  of 
12  years.  We  also  find  him  in  after-service.  Isaac  Buck  in  Capt.  William  Hutchinson's 
Co.  in  Maj.  Ebenezer  Allen's  Detachment,  Feb.  19th,  9  months,  11  days,  1780-1,  and  later 
Isaac  Buck,  aged  25,  gentleman,  an  Ensign  in  the  20th  company,  1st  Regiment  of  the  6th 
Brigade  of  the  State  of  Vermont,  Sept.,  1788,  so  we  conclude  he  was  in  the  campaign 
terminating  with  Burgoyne's  surrender  at  Saratoga,  Oct.  17,  1777,  as  claimed  for  him. 
(Nat.  Cly.  Am.  Biog.,  vol.  10,  page  115). 

In  the  Pioneer  days  of  large  families  boys  of  13  did  good  service  in  the  country's 
cause.  Boys  of  15  were  mustered  into  the  ranks  as  soldiers,  and  stalwarts  of  17  to  19 
often  married  buxom  girls  of  16  and  also  entered  into  the  joys  and  vicissitudes  of  life 
in  their  cabin  homes  in  the  wilderness  and  of  which  these  "Green  Mountain  Boys"  were 
in  a  great  measure  the  exact  personification. 

Lemuel  Buck,  son  of  Isaac,  Jr.,  was  born  at  Canton,  N.  Y.,  Oct.  9.  1793,  and  died 
there  Aug.  27,  1869,  md.  Elizabeth  Baldridge  of  Madrid,  Mar.  13,  1S23,  born  1802,  died 
there  Sept.  14,  1849.  Children:  Edwin,  bn.  1825,  died  1V>  years  old;  Adelaide  Olive,  bn. 
Feb.  28,  1827,  teacher,  md.  Fred  Humphrey,  educator,  June  2,  1855,  died  in  Maryland  Apl. 

I,  1908;  Cordelia  V.  and  Cornelia  A.,  twins,  bn.  Jan.  19.  1829.  Cornelia,  md.  Friend  C. 
Brainard,  only  son  of  John  Brainard  of  Bridport.  Vt.,  a  second  cousin,  she  died  March, 
1892;  Daniel,  bn.  Mar.  17,  1832,  died  fall  of  1847.     Cordelia,  md.  Geo.  K.  Robinson.  Sept. 

II,  1856,  one  son.  Nelson  L.  Esq.,  bn.  July  17,  1857.  lawyer,  N.  Y.  City,  and  he  died  June  (, 
1902.  Harriet  R.,  bn.  Dec.  9.  1834.  died  Jan..  1884.  Leffert  Lefferts.  bn.  Feb.  5,  1837,  died 
July  17,  1909,  aged  72^.  years;  and  Elizabeth,  bn.  June  10,  1843,  died  Mar.,  1892.  Lemuel 

67 


Lefferts  Buck  Noted  Civil  Engineer.  Alfred  Buck.  Son  of  Isaac.  Family.  Addison,  Hon  of 
Alfred.  Merchant.     A  Double  Wedding.     Isaac  Buslt  and  William  Barnes.  Drovers.     Win. 
Buck  in  Baltic  of  Bennington.     Family. 

Buck  was  merchant  and  post  master,  justice,  sheriff,  1832,  and  one  of  the  founders  of  the 
Canton  Academy  in  1831,  and  later  in  1856  of  the  St.  Lawrence  Universalist  University 
at  Canton,  and  Leffert  was  a  civil  engineer  and  noted  bridge  constructor  of  eminence, 
served  in  the  Civil  War  and  md.  at  Paducah,  Kentucky,  June  4,  1902,  Mira  Rebecca 
Gould,  bn.  Mar.  16,  1863,  a  descendant  of  William  Gould  of  New  Milford,  Ct,  and  resided 
at  Hastings,  N.  Y..  on  the  Hudson. 

Alfred  Buck,  son  of  Isaar  of  Pittsfonl,  Vt.,  horn  May  28,  1771,  first  male  child,  bn.  in 
town,  md.  in  1795,  Mercia  Barnes,  bn.  Mar.  17,  1772.  dan.  of  James  Barnes  of  New  Fair- 
field, Ct.,  died  1809,  and  Experience  Bangs  his  wife,  of  Cape  Cod,  Mass..  died  1825. 
Children:  1st,  James,  bn.  Jan.  10,  179G,  md.  Chloe  Bates  and  moved  to  Wisconsin;  2nd, 
Lucy,  bn.  Sept.,  1797,  md.  Peleg  C.  Barlow.  M.  D.,  moved  to  Illinois;  3rd,  Abel,  bn.  May 
22,  1801;  4th,  Addison,  bn.  Feb.  9.  1804;  and  5th,  Betsy,  bn.  May  22,  1810,  md.  James  H. 
Ewings,  M.  D.,  removed  to  Wisconsin.  Alfred  built  2  log  houses  and  afterwards  a  red 
house  is:!:;.  in  which  he  lived.     He  died   May  2::.   1S42. 

Addison  Buck,  merchant,  son  of  Alfred  of  Pittsford  born  Feb.  19,  1804.  md.  Apl.  16, 
1827,  Amanda  H.  Hay  ward,  who  died  Nov.  4,  1S.">::.  md.  2nd  wife  Fidelia  Field,  July  10, 
18G1,  who  died  Nov.  7.  1871,  children:  1st,  Harriet,  born  Dec.  23,  1829,  md.  July  21,  1853, 
Elijah  S.  Broughton;  2nd,  Charles  A.,  bn.  May  29,  1S32,  died  Aug.  26.  1S35;  3rd  and  4th. 
Chas.  Fitzland  and  Francis  H.,  twins,  bn.  Feb.  23,  1835;  5th,  Julius  Horton,  bn.  Julv  13. 
1S46.  died  Aug.  20,  1853;  and  Gth,  Sarah  Elizabeth,  bn.  Nov.  13,  1841,  md.  Nov..  1866,  John 
A.  Dennott.  Francis  H.,  died  in  infancy,  May  26,  1835.  Chas.  F.,  resides  in  California, 
now  al    Waitsburg,    Walla  Walla  Co.,   Wash. 

A  part  of  the  early  life  of  Addison  Buck,  from  Isl':',  to  29,  was  spent  with  his  Uncle 
Samuel  as  clerk  in  his  store  at  Bridport.  Vt.  After  his  marriage  to  Amanda  H.  Hayward 
of  Bridport,  Apl.  16,  1827,  he  located  in  Pittsford  Village.  He  built  a  store  and  went  into 
business,  1829  to  is."):;,  when  his  store  was  burned  which  he  rebuilt  and  sold  out  the  same 
year,  his  wife  dying  in  the  fall.  Afterward  he  was  post  master  and  re-married  in  1861, 
Fidelia  Field.  His  first  wife  Amanda  H.,  was  the  sister  of  Eleanor  Hayward  whom  his 
cousin  Austin  Buck  md.  same  day,  Apl.  17.  1S27,  it  being  a  double  wedding,  and  also 
cousin  of  David  Hayward  of  Essex,  X.  Y.,  whom  Austin's  dan.  Ellen  afterward  married. 

Isaac  Bush  and  William  Barnes,  drovers,  were  grandfathers  of  the  wives  of  Samuel 
and  Alfred  Buck,  brothers.  They  delivered  cattle  at  Albany,  May  14,  1765,  to  Capt. 
William  Gilliland  for  the  army.  William  Gilliland.  a  wealthy  N.  Y.  merchant  was  com- 
missary to  Montgomery's  army  and  the  first  original  grantee  in  1764.  colonizer  and 
seitler  of  large  tracts  of  2.000  acres  of  land  on  the  Bouquet  River,  west  shore,  midway  of 
I  ake  Champlain,  being  a  pioneer  of  Essex  Co..  N.  Y.,  whose  manorial  domains  were 
devastated,  mills  destroyed  and  property  confiscated  by  Burgoyne's  advancing  army  soon 
after  in  1776. 

William  Buck,  son  of  Isaac  of  Pittsford,  Vt,  was  born  in  New  Milford  in  1765,  md. 
Elizabeth  Murray  in  1 7 N 7 .  dan.  of  Elier  Murray  of  Orwell,  Vt.,  bn.  1770,  died  Mar.  6, 
1807,  in  Hinesburgh,  Vt.,  formerly  of  Fairfield  near  St.  Albans,  Vt.,  where  he  lived  and 
died  Oct.  8,  1805.  William  Buck  was  in  Capt.  John  Stark's  Co..  in  the  Battalion  com- 
manded by  Samuel  Fletcher.  1781,  at  Arlington,  134  days  service  ending  Nov.  14,  1781. 
It  is  said  he  was  lamed  from  a  gunshot  wound,  received  when  a  boy  of  13  at  the  Battle 
of  Bennington  that  turned  the  scale  of  the  war  which  terminated  with  Burgoyne's  sur- 
render at  Saratoga,  Oct.  17.  1777.  and  was  won  by  the  combined  forces  of  the  N.  H.  and 
Vermont  troops  under  the  heroic  command  of  Gen.  Stark,  Aug.  16,  1777,  who  bore  a  com- 
mission from  New  Hampshire,  and  Col.  Seth  Warner  of  the  Green  Mountain  Boys,  and 
who  is  reputed  as  making  before  the  attack,  this  laconic  speech:  "See  there  men,  the 
red-coats!     Before  night  they  are  ours,  or  Molly  Stark  is  left  a  widow." 

Children  of  William  and  Elizabeth  are:  1st.  Samuel,  born  Feb.  23.  1788;  2nd,  Anson, 
bn.  July  7,  1791,  married  twice,  lived  in  St.  Albans  at  first,  had  3  children  by  1st  wife. 
William.  Abigail  died  in  infancy,  and  Elizabeth  who  md.  a  Morris  and  had  4  children. 
He  moved  to  East  Cambridge  on  Lamoille  River  now  "Bucks  station,"  on  L.  C.  &  S.  J. 
R.  R..  was  there  in  1841,  a  widower  with  two  children  by  2nd  wife,  where  he  died  in  1858; 
3rd,  Alura,  bn.  June  7.  179::.  md.  James  Barnes  of  St.  Albans  and  has  a  dau.  Alura,  a 
teacher  in  St.  Albans  High  School;  4th,  William,  bn.  Feb.  16,  1795,  died  June  29,  1843; 
5th,  Malinda,  bn.  Feb.  23,  1799:  6th,  Murray,  bn.  Apl.  11,  1801,  md.  Polly  Thorpe  of  Conn., 
lived  at  St.  Albans  and  had  14  children:  William,  bn.  Sept.  12,  1824.  died  Sept  17,  1890. 
Abigail,  bn.  1833.     Ann.  Cyrus  L.,  bn.  Dec.  24,  1829,  md.  Julia  Ann  Baker  Oct.  14,  1852, 

68 


Wm.  Buck,  Children.     Wm.  Buck,  Son  of  Murray,  Family.     The  First  Kink  Hollow  Bucks. 

at  Monmouth,  Warren  Co.,  III.,  and  died  there  Aug.  22,  1907,  had  children  Cora  Bell,  Im. 
Apl.  28,  1855,  died  Dee.  11,  1856.  Dora  A.,  bn.  Jnlv  3,  1858,  died  Apl.  21,  1885.  Lessie, 
bn.  May  13,  1801,  died  Jan.  5,  L897.  Mary  Eva,  bin.  Sept.  11,  1863,  died  Feb.  IS,  1865. 
Murray  Ellis,  bn.  July  17.  186G,  md.  Ada  Morningstar  Nov.  3,  1892.  reside  at  Monmouth 
and  have  3  children  all  girls.  Lossie  Louise,  bn.  Dec.  29,  1896,  Mildred  Florence,  Dec.  27, 
1899,  and  Catherine,  bn.  Feb.  7,  190(1.  Clarence  Frank,  bn.  at  Monmouth,  June  6,  1870. 
grad.  of  Monmouth  College,  1890,  and  managing  editor  Daily  Alias,  md.  Lena  Staat  June 
9,  1X9X.  children,  Dorothy,  bn.  Feb.  17.  1899.  Mildred,  bn.  Mar.  :'..  1901,  Henry  Staat,  bn. 
Feb.  2G,  1905,  and  Julia  Ann,  bn.  Sept.  22.  1906.  He  has  been  post  master  there  tor  18 
years.  Murray  N..  Polly,  Eunice,  Elizabeth,  Sally,  Harriet,  Alinasy,  Mary  and  Millie, 
were  the  other  children  of  Murray  and  Polly;  7th,  Norman,  bn.  Fairfield,  Vt.,  May  13, 
1802,  md.  Mariah  Tyron  at  West  Haven,  Vt.,  bn.   Mar.   13,   1803.  about  1S25,  moved  west 

al i    1830   and   died   in   Galesburg,   Knox   Co.,    III.,   in    1856.     Children:    Adaline,   bn.   at 

West  Haven,  Dec.  7,  1S2C,  md.  Stiles  Scott  of  Monmouth,  111.,  died  at  Fort  Scott,  Kans.; 
Emily,  bn.  Jan.  7,  1S2S,  at  West  Haven,  died  there  single;  Alura,  bn.  in  Louraine  Co., 
Ohio,  May  21,  1S33,  md.  John  S.  Miller  of  Monmouth  and  died  there;  Anna  Maria,  bn. 
in  I  ouraine  Co.,  Ohio,  Nov.  5,  1835,  md.  Alex.  A.  Chapman  at  Monmouth,  now  living  in 
Galesburg,  111.;  Elizabeth,  bn.  in  Louraine  Co.,  Ohio,  July  15,  1X38.  md.  Henry  Dennison 
of  Monmouth  and  died  there;  Ellen,  bn.  in  Schuyler  Co.,  III..  June  22,  1844,  md.  J.  R. 
Smith  of  Monmouth  and  still  lives  there. 

Hon.  Clarence  F.  Buck  (as  above)  was  elected  State  Senator  from  Monmouth,  War- 
ren Co.,  111.,  Nov.  7,  1916. 

Murray  N.,  son  of  Murray  Buck,  now  resides  at  36  South  13th  Street,  Minneapolis, 
Minn.,  and  has  sons,  one  of  which  is  a  Samuel  of  Chicago.  Polly,  dau.  of  Murray,  md.  a 
Hagerman  of  Bushnell,  McDonough  Co..  111.,  and  Elizabeth,  md.  a  Warfel  of  Findley, 
Ohio. 

William  Buck,  son  of  Murray,  bn.  Sept.  12,  1824.  md.  for  1st  wife  Charlotte  E.  Kittel, 
Dec.  17,  184G,  she  died  Dec.  29,  1807,  issue:  1st.  Jonathan  W..  bn.  Aug.  18,  1847,  died  Sept. 
IS,  1907,  md.  Ada  Rugg  in  1868,  children:  Arthur,  Minnie,  Charlotte,  George,  Walter, 
Herbert,  and  Jessie,  all  living  in  and  around  Boston,  one  at  Everett;  2nd,  Polly,  bn.  June 
2,  1S49,  died  June  15,  1802;  3rd,  Murray  N.,  bn.  June  17.  died  Sept.  13,  1879;  4th,  Eliza, 
bn.  Oct.  1,  1852,  died  Feb.  3,  1S53;  5th,  Medora  L,  bn.  Apl.  29,  1854,  died  Aug.  16,  1876; 
6th,  Solon,  bn.  Dec.  2.x,  1850,  md.  Carrie  Bennett,  lives  in  Sheffield,  Vt..  had  2  children, 
Murray  and  Carrie:  7th,  Helon,  bn.  Feb.  28,  1801,  died  Dec.  25.  1907.  md.  Allene  Mower 
of  Richford,  Vt..  was  fowl  breeder  and  fruit  grower  at  Lancaster,  Worcester  Co.,  Mass., 
has  one  son,  Samuel  H.;  8th,  Albert  Lee,  bn.  Apl.  6.  1863,  grad.  Vermont  University 
1889,  and  a  civil  engineer  by  profession,  md.  Lilla  V.  Cole  Apl.  20,  1892,  issue  3  children: 
Inez,  Bessie  and  Albert  I  .,  Jr..  now  in  Armstrong,  B.  C;  and  9th,  Josephus,  bn.  May  20, 
1864,  md.  Nellie  Myres,  issue  2  children:  Carl  and  Inez,  went  to  Denver,  Colo.  By  2nd 
wife  Jeannette  M.  (Widow  Farnsworth)  Buck.  bn.  Oct.  21,  1840,  md.  May  25,  1809,  dau. 
of  I  emuel  and  Masa  Buck,  had  children:  William,  Jr.,  bn.  May  15,  1870,  single,  lives  in 
Denver,  Colo.,  real  estate  dealer;  Burritt  Lemuel,  bn.  Oct.  8,  1871,  single,  lives  in  Boston, 
express  agent.  Charlestown  Harbor;  Mary,  Alice,  Gertrude  bn.  Sept.  2,  1875,  md.  David 
N.  Hunter,  farmer  of  Brookfield,  Plymouth  Co.,  Mass.,  issue:  Daisy,  Jeannette,  Burritt,  and 
David  and  Victor  Thorpe,  bn.  Nov.  21,  18S0,  md.  Florence  Palmer  Sept.  28,  1900;  issue: 
Raymond,  Palmer,  I  awrence  and  Waverly,  lives  in  Boston,  claim  agent  for  Boston 
Elevated  Railway.  William  Buck,  Sr.,  died  Sept  17.  1S90,  at  Buck  Hollow,  Vt.,  where  he 
resided. 

The  first  Buck  Hollow  Bucks  were  Gould,  son  of  Lemuel  and  Bertha  (Macuen)  Buck, 
bn.  Mar.  14,  1765,  in  New  Milford,  Ct.,  md.  Sarah  Abigail  Hawley  of  Arlington,  Vt.,  in 
1785,  and  emigrated  with  his  father  and  3  brothers,  George,  Joseph  and  Nathan,  from 
Arlington  in  winter  of  1790,  with  ox  team  and  hand  sled  on  ice  of  Lake  Champlain  to 
Buck  Hollow  near  St.  Albans,  Vt.,  and  with  his  brother-in-law,  Abijah  Hawley,  were  the 
first  settlers  there.  Gould  and  Sarah  had  10  children,  6  sons  and  4  daus.:  1st,  Truman, 
bn.  in  Arlington,  17S9,  went  to  Canada  in  1830,  married  but  left  no  children;  2nd, 
Lemuel,  bn.  Apl.,  1791,  at  Buck  Hollow,  in  War  of  1812-14.  moved  to  Keeseville,  N.  Y.,  in 
1830.  died  at  "Bucks  Corners,"  now  Redford.  Saranac,  N.  Y.,  where  he  lived,  in  1S58,  md. 
in  1S22  Masa,  dau.  of  Medad  Parsons,  M.  D.,  of  North  Fairfax,  Vt.,  bn.  July  5,  1797,  she 
died  in  1S76;  3rd,  Gould,  Jr.,  bn.  in  Buck  Hollow  about  1790,  md.  1st  wife  Hannah 
Burritt,  who  died  at  40  years,  md.  2nd  wife,  Widow  (Samuel)  Stone  and  had  two  daus., 
Hannah  and  Sarah  by  first  wife,  buried  in  "Buck  Hollow  burying  ground,"  on  hill  on 
main  road  to  St.  Albans.     He  died   in  Hinesburg,  Vt.,  1843;    4th,  Andrew,  bn.   in  Buck 

69 


First  Buck  Hollow  Bucks.     Families.     Marriages.     Lemuel's  Sons.     Dr.   Wilbur  P.,  and 
Dr.  Harmon  A..  Surgeons  Through  Civil  War. 

Hollow  Sept.  20,  1797,  died  Oct.  22.  1896,  living  to  advanced  age  of  99  years,  1  month  and 
2  days,  md.  1st  wife  Mary  Bradley.  2nd  wife  Esther  Lobdel,  who  died  in  1S4N,  had  a 
da u.  Esther  E.,  bn.  Jan.  30.  1850.  md.  July  8,  1890,  Dr.  Harmon,  son  of  Lemuel  Buck. 
Andrew  was  a  physician  and  moved  to  Jamestown,  N.  Y.,  issue  by  1st  wife  were  Nathan, 
died  in  Oakland,  Cal.,  Cornelius,  physician  in  Winthrop,  St.  Lawrence  Co.,  N.  Y.,  and 
George  and  son  Ralph  have  a  shoe  store  in  Watertown,  N.  Y. ;  Mary  and  Martha,  twins, 
horn  in  1835  live  in  St.  Albans;  Mahala  md.  Allen  Soule.  died  in  1X92;  and  Bradley  died 
in  1SS1  in  Oakland,  Cal.,  at  Nathan's  home.  Abijah  H.  Buck,  farmer  of  Buck  Hollow. 
Fairfax,  and  with  brother  Orange  in  lumber  business  at  Johnson,  Lamoille  Co.,  Vt,  son 
of  Nathan,  bn.  Nov..  1833,  md.  Jan.  24.  185G,  Mary  Parsons  of  Fairfax,  bn.  Feb..  1835. 
now  live  at  88  High  Street,  St.  Albans,  Vt.,  they  had  3  boys  and  1  girl,  Mary,  bn.  in  Fair- 
fax, all  died  young;  5th,  Philemon  md.  and  lived  in  Buck  Hollow,  a  farmer;  6th,  Nelson 
lived  at  St.  Albans  Bay.  was  a  farmer  and  sheep  raiser,  died  there  in  1SS5,  had  sons: 
Albert,  who  went  to  Ballston  Spa,  N.  Y..  and  died  there;  and  Herbert,  who  md.  and  went 
to  California;  and  daus. :  Marilla  md.  a  Strait,  live  in  Canada:  Sophrona,  md.  a  Lenard, 
Methodist  preacher;  and  Sarah  md.  a  Bingham,  farmer  and  fruit  grower.  St.  Albans 
Bay;  7th,  Ophelia  md.  Oeorge  Farnsworth  and  went  to  Lincoln,  Kansas;  Sth,  Sophrona 
mil.  David  Danforth;  9th,  Hannah  md.  Abijah  Hawley;  and  10th,  Betsy  md.  Eldad,  son 
of  Medad  Parsons,  M.  D.,  of  the  first  settlers  of  Fairfax,  Vt.,  and  had  a  dau.  Wealthy, 
who  md.  a  Collins  and  a  son  Henry,  who  md.  Abijah  Buck's  dau.  Mary,  and  moved  to 
Monmouth,  111.,  and  son  Arthur,  who  md.  a  Heywood  of  Saranac,  N.  Y.,  and  now  resides 
at  Bucks  Corners. 

Lemuel,  son  of  Gould,  9  living  children,  were:  one  dau.,  Jeannette,  bn.  in  Saranac, 
N.  Y.,  Oct.  21,  1X4U,  who  md.  1st,  Jaines  C.  Farnsworth,  bn.  May  20,  1S35.  He  died  in 
the  Civil  War,  in  the  Union  Army.  .July  25.  18G4,  issue:  Susan  A.,  bn.  June  25,  1859,  md. 
Horace  \V.  Soule  of  Fairfield.  Vt.;  George  Wilbur,  bn.  Aug.  25,  1861,  died  Nov.  5,  1863; 
Harriet  Alida.  bn.  May  29,  18C3,  md,  Louis  II.  Bartlett  in  1887,  she  died  June  17,  1S97, 
issue:  Russel,  Ruby,  Philip  and  Jennie  C,  bn,  Jan.  25,  1865,  md.  Edward  Brown  in  1886, 
lives  in  Silver  City,  N.  M.,  no  children;  md.  2nd,  William,  son  of  Murray,  son  of  William 
Buck  of  Fairfield,  Vt.,  who  died  in  1890,  (children  being  given  in  preceding  pages),  and 
she  md.  3rd  husband  Hiram  Leavitt,  of  Buck  Hollow,  having  no  children  by  last  mar- 
riage: and  8  sons:  1st,  George,  bn.  in  1830,  died  single  in  Lock  Haven,  Pa.,  in  1864; 
2nd.  Charles  G.,  bn.  in  Keeseville,  1834,  died  in  1S90,  aged  56,  md.  Nettie  Holman  of  Lock 
Haven,  had  store  and  lumber  business  at  Winterburn.  Pa.,  had  3  boys:  Chas.  Burritt  and 
George  and  1  girl;  3rd,  Orson  P.,  bn.  Apl.  23,  1823,  md.  1844,  Phoebe,  dau.  of  John 
Gregory  of  Peru,  architect  and  builder  at  "Buck's  Corners,"  Saranac,  N.  Y.  Had  a 
family  of  6  boys  and  2  girls,  one  son  A.  D.  Buck,  bn.  1849,  died  Feb.  26,  1916.  at  Buck's 
Corners,  and  daus..  Minnie  A.  and  Etta  M.  He  died  Mar.  23.  1903;  4th  Willard  R.,  bn. 
in  Buck  Hollow,  Oct.  is.  1X27,  died  at  his  home  in  Saranac,  Oct.  6,  19(14,  md.  Amelia  E. 
Flanders,  bn.  1831,  died  Mar.  14,  1916,  and  had  children:  McKenzie  W..  bn.  May  24,  1S52, 
now  of  Colorado;  Austin  B.,  bn.  Feb.  25,  1854,  also  of  Colorado;  Emma  E.,  bn.  Jan.  18, 
1856,  md.  a  Clement  of  Newfane.  N.  Y. ;  George  C.  bn.  Nov.  22,  1858;  Beecher  W.,  bn. 
Apl.  15,  1861.  died  Mar.  5,  1916,  at  Buck's  Corners;  Sheridan  L.,  bn.  Oct.  14,  1864,  of  Cali- 
fornia, and  Jennie  A.,  bn.  Dec.  G,  1868,  md.  a  Vincent  of  Minneapolis,  Minn.;  Geo.  C,  of 
Dannemora,  md.  Sadie  A.  Manley  Mar.  29,  1883;  issue  McKenzie  W.  2d,  bn.  June  8, 
1884,  Harry  A.,  bn.  Feb.  4,  1886,  Sadie  A.,  bn.  Dec.  14,  1888,  Miles  S.,  bn.  Nov.  21,  1892, 
and  Ruth  E.,  bn.  May  8,  1898;  5th  Burritt  L.,  bn.  in  Buck  Hollow,  Mar.  3d.  1830,  a  bach, 
and  musician  throughout  Civil  War,  died  Jan.  26,  1911.  aged  81;  6th  Wilbur  P.,  M.  D., 
grad.  of  Chicago  Med.  Col.  and  surg.  throughout  Civil  War,  born  in  Peru,  N.  Y.,  Aug.  6, 
1837,  md.  in  1860  in  Moweaqua,  Shelby  Co.,  111.,  where  he  lived  and  practiced  28  years 
after  being  in  a  drug  store  and  practice  with  his  brother,  Harmon,  in  St.  Louis  9  years 
after  Civil  War.  He  died  in  Prairie  Home,  Moweaqua  Sept.  14,  1893,  and  left  sons, 
Lemuel  and  Wilbur,  dentists  of  Chicago,  and  a  dau.  Ada;  7th  George  C,  bn.  about  1835, 
died  at  30  years  in  Peru.  N.  Y.,  unmarried;  and  Sth  Harmon  Austin.  M.  D.,  bn.  Feb.  27. 
1825,  in  Buck  Hollow,  Vt.  Attended  high  school  in  Keeseville  and  Plattsburg.  N.  Y., 
grad.  at  Albany  Med.  College,  in  Albany,  June  25,  1855,  md.  1st  wife  Mary  J.  Webber  of 
Marengo,  111.,  June  6,  1855,  who  died  at  Assumption,  111.,  Sept.  9th,  1875.  Practiced  there 
till  the  Civil  War  broke  out,  was  surgeon  throughout  the  war,  from  assistant  May  14, 
1861,  of  15th  Inf.  and  surg.  of  the  141st  and  150th  111.  reg.,  Brig.-Surgeon  to  Surgeon-in- 


70 


3Ci&aM7(iA, 


LENOX 


Dr.  Harmon  Buck  Returns  to  Buck  Hollow,  Now  Resides  at  Burlington,  Yt.  Family  Re- 
united.   Joseph  and   (Iconic.  tS'on.s  of  Lemuel.     Marriages.     Western   Romance  of   Burl, 

Holloiv  Descendant. 

Chief  of  Hospital  at  Atlanta,  Ga.,  Jan.  16,  1866,  at  close  of  war.  After  the  war  went  to 
St.  Louis  with  his  brother  Wilbur,  also  an  M.  I),  and  surg.,  who  had  been  with  him 
through  the  war  (as  noted  before)  and  established  a  drug  store  and  practice,  9  years 
from  1866  to  1875,  afterward  practiced  in  L.  I.  Reg.  in  Hempstead  and  Garden  City  9 
years,  then  in  Peoria,  111.  md.  2d,  wife  Esther  E.  Buck,  dau.  of  Andrew,  son  of  Lemuel, 
bn.  in  Buck  Hollow  Jan.  3(1,  1850,  md.  July  8.  1890,  she  died  April  7th,  1915.  Children 
by  1st  wife:  Chas.  W.,  bn.  Sept.  29,  1858,  retired  wealthy  condensed  milk  manufacturer 
of  Helatea,  111.,  and  world  traveller.  Emma  J.,  bn.  June  30,  1S60,  grad.  Jacksonville, 
(111.)  Fern.  Col.,  md.  G.  R.  Shafer,  M.  D.,  Peoria,  111.,  and  by  2d  wife  Andrew  H.,  bn. 
April  23,  190S,  grad.  Bur.  High  School  and  University  student  and  Albany  Business  Col- 
lege Feb.,  1912,  stenographer,  N.  Y.  Cen.  R.  R. 

After  marrying  2d  wife  Dr.  Buck  returned  to  Buck  Hollow  and  carried  on  the  old 
farm  of  Andrew  Buck  for  10  years,  but  has  now  retired  and  resides  at  42  Colchester  Ave., 
Burlington,  Vt.  Thus  after  several  years  the  families  again  became  reunited  by  mar- 
riage. 

A  Romance  in  the  Buck  Family  of  Buck  Hollow.  Vt..  and  the  Far  West. 

"Wait  of  years  rewarded.  Pretty  romance  culminates  in  a  wedding  in  St. 
Louis,  Mo.,  Oct.  21st,  1913.  Mrs.  Lillian  Curtiss  Noel  yesterday  noon  became  the 
bride  of  Charles  Webber  Buck,  retired  capitalist  of  New  York  and  San  Francisco, 
who  for  years  remained  silent  of  his  boyhood  love  while  making  his  fortune  in 
the  West  in  Milk  Condensing  Co.  of  Heleta,  111.,  but  never  lost  track  of  the  girl 
who  married  another.  The  wedding  was  at  the  home  of  the  bride's  mother,  Mrs. 
Martha  Curtiss,  5925  Gates  Avenue.  Only  the  family  and  old  servants  of  the 
bride  witnessed  the  ceremony.  The  Rev.  Dr.  George  R.  Dodson  of  the  Church 
of  the  Unity  officiated.  Mrs.  Buck,  dau.  of  the  late  Col.  Frank  S.  Curtiss,  at- 
torney, was  reared  and  educated  in  St.  Louis.  She  won  a  national  reputation 
as  a  whist  player  and  authority,  and  at  one  time  was  president  of  the  Na- 
tionel  Woman's  Whist  League.  Of  late  she  has  been  keenly  interested  in  social 
problems,  taking  an  active  part  in  the  St.  Louis  branch  of  the  National  Con- 
gress of  Mothers  in  the  prevention  work  for  girls. 

"The  bridegroom  is  a  son  of  Dr.  Harmon  A.  Buck,  retired  physician  and 
surgeon  veteran  of  the  late  Civil  War  and  the  west,  now  residing  in  Burling- 
ton, Vt.,  at  42  Colchester  Ave.,  a  short  distance  from  Buck  Hollow,  their  an- 
cestral home.  He  is  a  retired  capitalist  and  has  spent  the  last  eight  years  in 
travel.  Up  to  1912  he  held  the  American  record  for  motoring  abroad,  having 
covered  more  than  30,000  miles  in  Europe. 

The  marriage  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Buck  is  the  culmination  of  a  very  pretty 
romance.  The  two  families  were  intimately  associated  at  the  time  of  the  Civil 
War.  Dr.  Buck,  father  of  the  bridegroom,  being  surgeon  in  the  same  regiment 
of  which  the  father  of  the  bride  was  colonel.  Surgeon  Buck  during  the  Vicks- 
burg  campaign,  through  his  skill,  saved  the  life  of  the  man  whose  daughter  his 
son  now  marries. 

"Young  Buck  was  a  frequent  visitor  at  the  Curtiss  home  and  was  greatly 
attracted  to  the  pretty  daughter,  but  remained  silent  until  he  had  sought  his 
fortune  in  the  Far  West,  remaining  a  bachelor.  She  married  a  Noel  and  moved 
to  Mexico  where  her  husband  died  afterward. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Buck  departed  yesterday  for  New  York  to  sail  for  Europe. 
After  several  years  of  travel  around  the  world  they  probably  will  reside  in 
southern  California."     (>S7.  Louis  Globe-Democrat,  Oct.  22,  1913). 

Joseph,  bn.  Oct.  11,  1760,  son  of  Lemuel  and  Bertha,  md.  Hannah  Hard.  bn.  1763,  sis- 
ter of  Lucy,  was  at  Fairfax  with  wife,  son  and  2  daus.  in  1790,  joined  the  British  army, 
became  a  captain  and  finally  settled  in  Canada  East,  some  of  the  children  returning 
later  on,  others  settling  at  Buctouche  on  Mill  Creek,  Kent  Co.,  New  Brunswick  coast. 

George  Buck,  lot'  Fairfax,  Vt. ),  bn.  Nov.  17,  1766,  son  of  Lemuel  and  Bertha,  md. 
Lucy  Hard,  dau.  of  Zadoc  and  Chloe  (Noble)  Hard,  of  Newtown,  Ct,  bn.  1769,  had  chil- 
dren: Cassius,  Noble,  Lucy,  Cynthia,  Mariaette  and  George.  Jr..  (bn.  July,  1802),  who 
has  a  dau.  and  sons  and  Douglas  G.   (bn.  Mar.  4,  1837)   with  oldest  son,  Ralph  H.,  now 

71 


Zadoc  and  Nathan.  Twin  Sons  of  Lemuel  and  Bertha  of  New  Milford.  Families.  Buck 
Holloiv.  Vt,  Originally  and  in  Later  Times.     Near  Hyde  Park,  St.  Albans  and  Burlington. 

living  in  Fairfax,  Vt. ;  Capt.  George  (3d),  (bn.  Mar.  5,  1839)  of  Lincoln,  Neb.;  Frances 
E.,  (bn.  Mar.  17,  1841),  (Bliss)  of  Mankato,  Kan.;  Abraham,  (bn.  Oct.  30,  1843),  and 
Abner  Nicholas,  (bn.  Aug.  13,  1849),  of  Fairfax,  Vt. 

George  Buck  of  Fairfax,  Vt.,  bn.  Nov.  17,  1766,  son  of  Lemuel  and  Bertha  (Macuen) 
of  New  Milford.  Ct.,  md.  Lucy,  dau.  of  Zadoc  and  Chloe  (Noble)  Hard  of  Newtown,  Ct, 
bn.  in  1709,  and  had  6  chil.  Cassius  (md.  and  had  4  chil.);  Noble  (md.  and  had  4 
chil.)  ;  Lucy,  Cynthia,  Mariaette  and  George,  Jr.,  bn.  July,  1802,  md.  Cynthia  Nichols  of 
Fairfax,  Vt.,  had  6  chil.:  Capt.  George,  Jr.,  (or  3d)  bn.  Mar.  5,  1839,  at  Fairfax,  Vt., 
md.  Mar.  IS,  1867,  Lucelia  P.  Hunt,  bn.  Sept.  21,  1848,  she  died  Feb.  16,  1913.  at  Lincoln, 
Neb.,  thev  had  5  children:  Henry  H.,  bn.  Apl.  27,  1870,  died  at  Hot  Springs.  Ark.,  Feb.  7. 
1889;  Zadoc  M„  bn.  May  25,  1872,  md.  Feb.  27,  1895.  Jennie  D.  Hart,  bn.  May  15,  1873, 
died  Nov.  2,  1909.  children:  Harold  H.,  bn.  Dec.  12.  1895,  Helen  Margaret,  bn.  Aug.  8, 
1900,  and  Bonnie  Lucile,  bn.  Oct.  23,  1902;  George,  Jr.,  bn.  Sept  21,  1874,  of  Franklin, 
Neb.,  md.  Elizabeth  Dellman  of  Oakland,  Ca!.,  July  5,  1911;  Jas.  E.  Buck,  bn.  Mar.  25. 
1870,  at  Bloomington,  Neb.,  md.  June  21,  1905,  Hannah  E.  Proud,  bn.  Dec.  7,  1876,  at 
Harvard.  Neb.,  children:  Vera  C.  bn.  June  9,  1906,  and  Harriet  L.,  bn.  Mar.  16,  1908; 
Cora  Agnes,  bn.  Mar.  30,  1878,  md.  Oct.  30,  1900,  Otto  Fred  Wahlenberg,  bn.  Sept.  24, 
1X70,  dau.  Louise  Agnes,  bn.  Oct.  9,  1904.  Capt.  George,  Sr.,  was  in  the  Civil  War  over 
4  years,  enlisted  in  Co.  H,  2nd  Reg.  Vt.  Inft.,  May  25,  1861,  as  corporal,  discharged  July 
15,  1865,  as  Lieut,  in  command  and  since  residing  in  Lincoln,  Neb.,  1244  South  25th 
Street.  Douglas  S.,  bn.  Mar.  4,  1837  (oldest  son)  md.  Addie  Nichols  of  Fairfax  and  his 
oldest  son  Ralph  H.  now  living  there.  Frances  E.,  bn.  at  Fairfax  Mar.  17,  1841,  md. 
Albert  Bliss,  bn.  Nov.  4,  1837,  of  Freeport,  111.,  Dec.  31,  1886,  and  had  5  children:  George 
Albert,  bn.  Dec  6,  1N71;  John  Frederick,  bn.  Sept.  30,  1X73;  Frances  Isabel,  bn.  Oct.  27. 
1X70;  Mary  Louise,  bn.  Mar.  22,  1878;  and  Emma  Eloise,  bn.  Sept.  9,  1882,  died  Oct.  24, 
1911.  He  died  about  1890.  Abraham,  bn.  Oct.  30,  1843,  md.  Vienne  Noble  and  have  3 
children:  Emma,  bn.  Jan.  11,  1X17.  md.  James  Greenwood  and  have  3  children;  and 
Abner  Nichols,  bn.  Aug.  13,  1849,  died  Jan.  13,  1908,  of  Fairfax,  Vt.,  md.  Jan.  14,  1X73. 
Amanda  Pamelia  Ballard  of  Burlington,  Vt.,  bn.  Aug.  20,  1847,  died  Jan.  11.  1900,  they 
had  6  children  (all  Burlington  college  graduates).  Erne  Frances,  bn.  Aug.  24,  1874, 
(single),  St.  Albans  Bay,  Vt.;  Manctta  .Mac,  bn.  Nov.  IX,  1X70,  (single),  trained  nurse, 
Burlington,  Vt. ;  Ira  Hammond,  bn.  July  30,  1879,  farmer  of  West  Berlin,  Wash.  Co.,  Vt., 
md.  Oct.  5,  1904,  Gertrude  M.  Wheeler  of  Burlington.  Vt.,  and  has  4  children:  George 
Wheeler,  bn.  Sept.  19,  1905;  Helen  Gertrude,  bn.  Apl.  22,  1907;  Hope  Ballard,  bn.  Jan  25, 
1911;  and  Mary  Anne  Chittenden,  bn.  Apl.  30,  1913.  George  Abner,  bn.  Sept.  25,  1883,  in 
Fairfax,  Vt.,  md.  July  3,  1912.  Helena  Mary  Simonds  of  Burlington,  Vt.,  bn.  Apl.  13,  L889, 
children:  Mae  Frances,  bn.  June  12,  1914.  They  reside  18  Hiawatha  St.,  Springfield. 
Mass.,  (commercial  traveler).  Horace  Royal,  bn.  Sept.  26,  1886,  at  Fairfax,  Vt.,  md. 
Aug.  12,  1914,  Elsa  Erskine,  bn.  June.  1888,  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y..  they  live  at  248  Monroe 
St.,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  (car  conductor),  and  Henry  Ralph,  bn.  July  29,  1889,  at  Fairfax,  md. 
Dec.  14,  1911,  Marion  Harriet,  dau.  of  James  Reed  and  Myra  H.  (Thrasher)  Grey  of  Ayer 
Junction,  Mass.,  son,  Henry  Ralph,  Jr.,  bn.  Feb.  7,  1913,  at  Shrewsbury,  Mass.  He  is 
secretary  of  Int.  Corrs.  School,  Torrington,  Litchfield  Co.,  Conn. 

Zadoc  and  Nathan,  twins,  bn.  May  26.  1773,  sons  of  Lemuel  and  Bertha  of  New  Mil- 
ford, Ct.,  both  lived  in  Buck  Hollow.  Zadoc  had  no  children.  Nathan,  md.  Mary  Story 
about  1797  and  had  children:  Lucretia.  bn.  April  3,  1799;  Zadoc,  Jr.,  bn.  Mar.  26,  1800; 
Paulina,  bn.  July  24,  1804;  Jane,  bn.  Dec.  29,  1806;  Clara,  bn.  Mar.  14,  1810,  md.  Henry 
Ufford  of  Fairfax,  Vt. ;  Bethiah,  bn.  Nov.  18,  1816;  and  Mary,  bn.  Mar.  29,  1818. 

Buck  Hollow  in  its  original  state  at  first  much  of  the  land  was  wooded  with 
beech,  maple,  oak,  pine,  spruce  and  hemlock,  rough  and  hilly  with  intervales  on  the 
rivers  but  productive.  It  required  much  energy  and  perseverance  to  clear  it  for  culti- 
vation. The  country  was  very  wild  and  the  early  settlers  were  annoyed  with  wolves, 
panthers,  bears  and  Indians.  Sheep  and  cattle  had  to  be  gotten  in  and  securely  pro- 
tected at  night  and  watched  through  the  day  and  if  a  man  had  built  a  good  log  or 
block  house  and  barn  in  the  clearing  he  was  considered  "fortunately  above  board." 
Later  on  they  had  fine  meadows,  fields,  pastures,  fruit  and  sugar  orchards,  with  fine 
houses,  roads  and  mills  and  shops  and  factories  on  the  Lamoille  River,  with  boats  on 
Lake  Cbamplain  for  traffic  or  travel  and  near  by  markets  at  Hyde  Park,  St.  Albans  and 
Burlington  for  their  produce  and  thus  highly  favored  and  prospered  and  expanded  and 
so  the  young  have  gone  and  left  the  old  and  it  is  said  there  is  hardly  a  Buck  family 
living  there  now. 

72 


PUBJ. 


ASTOR.  LENOX 

I  OUNDATIONS 


The  Capture  of  Fort  Ticonderoga.     Isaac  Buck,  Jr..  with   Ca.pt.  Cooley  ami  Ethan   Allen. 
Review  of  History.     War  Records.     Isaac  and  Jonathan  with  Capt.  Canflelil.     Montgom- 
ery's Expedition  and  Invasion.     Abercrombie's  Defeat.     Reduction  of  Canada. 

With  Capt.  Cooley  and  his  Pittsford  boys,  Isaac  Buck,  Jr.,  John  Deming,  Hopkins 
Rowley,  and  Ephraim  Stephens,  joined  with  Maj.  Beach  and  his  recruits,  230  men  from 
Castleton,  all  assembled  with  Allen  under  the  guidance  of  young  Nathan  Beman,  17  years 
old,  for  the  capture  of  Ticonderoga  being  joined  by  Arnold  on  the  eve  of  the  9th  of  May 
opposite  Ticonderoga.  Nathan,  son  of  Samuel  Beman,  of  Shoreham,  Vt.,  was  bn.  Sept. 
15,  1757  or  9,  and  after  the  capture  of  Fort  Ti.  entered  Col.  Seth  Warner's  regiment. 

Capt.  Cooley  and  his  recruits  under  Allen  were  among  the  first  to  cross  the  Lake 
with  83  of  their  men  and  enter  the  covered  way  and  passage,  a  sally  port  near  the 
garrison  well.  Col.  Allen  and  Col.  Arnold  on  coming  out  in  the  square  within  the  fort 
before  the  officers'  quarters,  when  Allen  in  the  lead  surprised  the  sentinel,  whose  musket 
missed  fire,  and  calling  for  the  commanding  officer  demanded  and  took  the  surrender 
at  daylight  on  that  memorable  morning  of  May  10th,  1775,  "In  the  name  of  the  great 
Jehovah  and  Continental  Congress,"  of  Gen.  De  La  Place,  his  officers  and  49  soldiers, 
the  whole  of  the  garrison,  with  valuable  stores  of  provisions,  artillery,  ammunition  and 
boat  building  material  all  of  which  they  were  very  much  in  need  of.  (Cav.  Hist,  of 
Pittsford,  Vt.,  page  100-3). 

To  review  history,  now  let  us  go  back  a  little.  In  1754,  a  plan  for  the  union  of  the 
colonies  was  drawn  up  at  Albany,  N.  Y.  Thomas  Pitch,  Gov.  1754-5.  French  War  broke 
out.  1,000  men  raised  in  Connecticut  for  the  campaign  against  the  French  in  Canada 
from  1710  to  1777.  David  Worcester  was  the  first  Maj.-Gen.  of  the  Connecticut  troops 
in  the  Rev.  and  Brig.-Gen.  of  the  United  Colonies.  In  1758,  5,000  men  divided  into  4 
regiments  raised  in  Conn.  Gen.  Phineas  Lyman,  Nathan  Whitney,  Eliphalet  Dyer  and 
John  Reed  appointed  colonels.  $30,000  in  bills  of  credit  issued  in  1758.  In  the  10th  Co. 
of  the  2d.  under  Col.  Nathaniel  Ewing  and  Capt.  Gideon  Stoddard  and  in  the  3d  and 
4th  Conn,  regiments,  occurs  the  name  of  Bucks,  Beebe,  Bostwick  and  Northup,  some  of 
whom  were  captains,  colonels  and  generals  in  the  war  records. 

In  the  spring  of  April  2d,  1758,  Capt.  Joseph  Canfield  raised  a  company  in  New  Mil- 
ford,  Conn.,  which  served  in  the  campaign  under  Col.  David  Worcester  (afterward  Gen.  of 
New  Haven)  "to  serve  King  George  the  2d  in  a  Regiment  of  Foot  raised  by  the  colony 
of  Connecticut  for  invading  Canada  and  carrying  war  into  the  heart  of  the  enemies' 
possessions."  Undoubtedly  Isaac  and  Jonathan  Buck  were  both  in  this  Co.  at  first 
battle  of  Quebec  as  well  as  in  the  later  battle  of  Montgomery's  expedition. 

The  British  and  Colonial  troops  defeated  at  Ticonderoga  with  great  loss  July  5, 
1758,  in  Abercrombie's  defeat  of  15,000  strong  by  4,000  French  under  Montcalm.  British 
loss  2,000  in  killed  including  Lord  Howe,  brave  young  English  lieutenant,  1759,  Battle 
of  Quebec.  Sept.  13th,  Generals  Wolfe  and  Montcalm  killed.  Americans  victorious  in  1760. 
Montreal  surrendered,  reduction  of  Canada,  Sept.  8th,  1766.  William  Pitkin  Governor. 
1775.  Nov.  9th  Col.  Arnold  leads  a  detachment  of  1,000  men  through  the  Maine  wilder- 
ness, up  the  Kenebec  and  down  the  Chaudiere  Rivers  for  32  days  to  Quebec  to  join  Mont- 
gomery's expedition,  led  by  Gen.  Schuyler  and  Col.  Hinman,  with  his  Massachusetts  and 
Connecticut  troops  of  1,500  and  Col.  Warner  and  Allen's  New  York  and  Vermont  volun- 
teers, through  Lake  Champlain  from  Ticonderoga,  in  all  about  1,500  men.  Allen  cap- 
tured, Sept.  24.  Montgomery's  defeat  and  death  at  final  battle  Dec.  31st,  1775  and  6,  at 
Quebec  with  final  abandonment  of  the  siege  and  retreat  from  Canada.  The  Invasion  of 
Canada  was  a  favorite  proposition  with  the  colonists  and  that  the  Canadians  would  join 
them  as  opposed  to  the  subjection  of  the  English  rule  and  government.  New  York.  Ver- 
mont, New  Hampshire,  Connecticut  and  Massachusetts  all  agreed  to  raise  their  quota  of 
troops  for  the  expedition. 

Gen.  Schuyler  with  Richard  Montgomery  and  David  Worcester  as  Brigadier-Generals 
started  from  Ticonderoga  through  Lake  Champlain  with  3,000  men  and  with  what 
Canadian  sympathizers  and  refugees  they  could  enlist,  after  several  skirmishes  and 
battles  in  the  taking  of  the  forts  at  St.  Johns,  Chambly  and  Sorel,  and  then  Montreal 
from  Gen.  Prescott,  who  fled  before  them  on  Nov.  13th  and  the  holding  and  blockading 
of  the  rivers  at  Sorel,  finally  arrived  before  Quebec  and  commenced  operations  Dec.  5, 
1775. 

Arnold  starting  from  Newhuryport,  Mass..  the  middle  of  Sept.  sailed  to  Augusta,  Me., 
coming  through  the  Maine  wilderness  with  1,000  men  including  Daniel  Morgan  with  his 
Virginia  riflemen  sent  by  Washington,  following  Indian  trail  and  "old  Canada  road"  up 
the  Kennebec  and  down  the  Chaudiere  Rivers  for  32  days  and  not  arriving  at  Point 
Levis  on  the  St.  Lawrence  opposite  Quebec  until  Nov.  9th,  after  untold  hardships,  priva- 

73 


Arnold's  March  Through  Maine  Wilderness.  Battle  of  Quebec.  Arnold's  Gallant  Per- 
Sistency.  Gen.  Thomas  in  Command.  Arrival  of  British  Troops.  Final  Abandonment. 
Retreat  from   Montreal.     Cause  of  Defeat.     Joel  Buck.     Buried  in.  Riverside  Cemetery. 

Battle  of  Plattsburg. 

tions  and  desertions  and  having  much  trouble  to  secure  boats  to  cross  the  river,  arriv- 
ing later  on  with  less  than  800  men,  joined  Montgomery  and  the  final  battle  was  fought 
in  a  blinding  snowstorm  amidst  ice  and  cold  Dec.  31st,  1775  and  6,  in  which  Montgomery 
and  both  his  aids,  McPherson  and  Cunningham,  fell  mortally  wounded  and  Arnold 
severely  wounded  with  a  broken  leg  retires.  Morgan  next  in  command  fights  until  his 
men  are  exhausted  and  disheartened,  as  Dearborn  reduced  to  200  men  under  the  galling 
fire  of  the  fortified  regulars,  surrenders,  when  he  is  compelled  to  capitulate  by  Carleton's 
overpowering  numbers.  Arnold  succeeded  to  the  command  after  the  death  of  Mont- 
gomery and  after  a  while  was  compelled  by  the  exigencies  with  which  he  was  sur- 
rounded to  erect  batteries  and  convert  the  siege  into  a  blockade.  In  the  judicious  policy 
of  t'arleton  he  was  left  undisturbed  although  inflicting  severe  suffering  upon  the  town 
and  garrison  and  shipping  by  assaults  of  shells  and  hot  shot.  Gen.  Thomas  arrived  on 
the  1st  of  May  with  3,000  reinforcements,  but  all  their  efforts  were  defeated  by  the  pru- 
dence and  skill  of  Carleton.  Out  of  the  3,000  troops  in  1776  only  900  were  fit  for  duty 
when  Gen.  Thomas  took  command  at  Richelieu,  after  Montgomery's  death  and  the  re- 
treat, for  further  operations  as  there  were  valuable  stores  of  ammunition  and  provision 
at  Quebec  which  they  were  sadly  in  need  of  and  tried  hard  to  recover. 

Sometime  after  while  they  were  recruiting  and  rallying  more  British  troops,  1,300 
men  under  Burgoyne.  arrived  in  three  ships  from  England  in  the  spring  and  their 
French  allies  mostly  deserting  them  and  with  ravages  of  smallpox,  they  had  to  raise  the 
blockade  and  flee  to  Sorel  where  Thomas  was  stricken  and  died  of  the  prevailing  epi- 
demic and  was  succeeded  by  Gen.  Sullivan,  who  with  Gen.  Thompson  had  arrived  on  the 
19th  of  June  with  several  battalions,  but  were  forced  to  abandon  Montreal  before  and  on 
the  14th  and  15th  of  June  fall  back  across  the  river  and  soon  after  commenced  their  final 
retreat  under  Gen.  Sullivan  back  through  Lake  C'hamplain  to  Crown  Point  and  Ticon- 
deroga. 

Arnold  gradually  retreated,  falling  back  to  and  from  Montreal  in  final  abandonment 
and  final  retreat  from  Longueil  opposite  Montreal  on  May  5th,  where  Allen  was  cap- 
tured six  months  before,  to  St.  Johns  and  Lake  Champlain.  From  the  first  everything 
seemed  to  work  against  them.  Schuyler's  retirement,  Brown's  detachment  failing  to 
unite  with  Allen  and  his  consequent  early  capture  at  Montreal.  Arnold's  delays  and 
hindrances  in  procuring  boats  to  cross  the  St.  Lawrence  with  his  reinforcements  on 
time  as  planned  by  Washington  and  the  foraging  and  pillaging  consequent  to  war  of 
the  dominion  and  desecration  of  the  Catholic  churches  as  hospitals  and  places  of  refuge 
all  failed  to  enlist  the  cooperation  of  the  habitant  as  expected  and  the  pestilence  of 
smallpox  and  extreme  cold  weather  conditions  all  conspired  against  them  to  bring  on 
this  unfortunate,  untimely  and  irreparable  loss  and  crushing  defeat  at  Quebec  in  the  at- 
tainment of  the  Dominion  of  Canada  by  the  American  Colonies  never  to  be  regained. 

Joel  Buck  of  New  Milford,  son  of  John  and  Elizabeth  (Judd),  md.  July  2d,  1778,  wife 
Huldah  of  Sharon.  Conn.,  dau.  of  John  and  Eliza  Bostwick,  one  of  the  earliest  settlers 
of  Litchfield  and  New  Milford,  Ct.,  both  born  in  the  same  year  and  day,  June  4,  1758, 
and  both  died  in  the  same  year  and  day,  May  27,  1831,  in  the  73d  year  of  their  age,  and 
both  marked  by  one  double  blue  marble  slab  near  the  iron  fenced  grave  and  tablet  of 
Post  Capt.  George  Downie,  Esq.,  who  fell  Sept.  11,  1814,  in  command  on  board  the  B.  M.  S. 
Confiance,  of  the  British  navy,  in  the  attack  of  American  flotilla  and  victory  of  Com. 
Macdonough,  Sept.  11,  1814,  off  Cumberland  Head,  Bay  of  Plattsburg,  N.  Y.,  on  Lake 
Champlain,  of  which  a  centennial  celebration  was  held  Sept.  11,  1914,  and  suitable  monu- 
ment commemorating  the  event  erected  at  Plattsburg  by  State  and  National  govern- 
ments.    To 

"Macdonough  defender  of  Lake  Champlain, 

When  the  British  fleet  met  ours  but  to  go  down  in  twain. 

And  finding  it  all  so  vain,  they  never  tried  it  again." 

Their  graves  are  in  the  old  part  of  the  burying  ground,  now  Riverside  Cemetery  in 
the  city  of  Plattsburg.  They  emigrated  from  New  Milford  in  1796  to  Peru,  N.  Y.,  at 
first,  and  Plattsburg  later  on  with  family  of  four  children:  1st  Betsy,  bn.  Aug.  14th, 
1779;  2d  Salmon  Bostwick,  bn.  Aug.  2d,  17*81;  3d  Huldah,  bn.  1783,  md.  Daniel  Beckwith 
(second  wife),  son  of  Dr.  Buruch  Beckwith  from  old  Lyme,  Ct.,  and  settled  in  Beekman- 
town  in  1810.  Farmer,  West  Plattsburg,  and  later  their  dau.  Mary,  md.  Samuel  Beckwith. 
a  lawyer  of  Peru,  N.  Y.,  whose  spacious  residence  for  many  years  afterward  on  Court  St., 
Plattsburg,  is  now  converted  into  the  "Physicians'  Hospital";   4th  Ephraim,  bn.  June  6, 

74 


Ephraim  Buck,  Son  of  Joel.     Smith  Buck  Stove  Co.,  Port  Jackson.     Jacksons  anrl  Greens. 
Society  of  Friends  at  Union.     Bostwick  Buck. 

1784,  md.  Mary  Baker  of  St.  Albans,  Vt,  merchant,  (with  store  on  Margaret  St.),  built 
the  fine  home  now  39  Oak  St.,  Plattsburg.  Their  issue  was:  George  F.,  bn.  in  1815, 
student  in  Plattsburgh  Academy  Dec.  18,  1843,  lived  in  small  house  N.  W.  Cor.  Oak  and 
Cordelia  Sts.;  Ira  A.,  bn.  1817  (Thomsonian  M.  U.  in  111);  ('has.  F..  bn.  1822;  Andrew 
J.,  bn.  1824;  Mary,  died  in  infancy;  Bellini,  bn.  1827,  drowned  in  Merced  River,  Cal.,  25 
years  of  age  in  1852;  and  Henry,  bn.  in  1819,  drowned  in  Lake  Champlain,  May  9th,  1841, 
aged  21.  a  talented  young  man.  Ephraim  emigrated  west  in  1849.  Henry  J.  Hewitt  of 
Peru,  bought  the  house  of  Ephraim  Buck  which  he  changed  very  materially  in  1850.  He 
went  first  to  "Green's  Camp,"  near  Marion,  Ohio,  and  finally  to  Aurora,  111.,  with  a 
family  of  six  children,  all  boys,  where  he  lived.  Kept  hotel  and  held  office  and  died  April 
20,  1861;  5th  David,  bn.  April  21,  1785,  md.  and  lived  in  Peru.  N.  Y.  For  family  see  page 
107.  6th  Philander,  bn.  1787,  md.  Susan  Green  of  the  Union,  removed  to  Fort  Edward  and 
had  seven  children:  Chas.  George,  md.  Kate  Anderson  and  had  son.  Theodore;  Mary  Ann, 
md.  Alexander  McBride  and  had  dau.,  Josephine;  William;  Sarah,  md.  Alonzo  Hogle  and 
had  dau.,  Josie;  Joseph;  Philander,  who  md.  Susan  Harrington  formerly  of  Harrington 
Hill,  Easton,  Wash.  Co.,  N.  Y„  and  went  to  western  N.  Y.  state;  7th  Jothrum,  bn.  1787. 
was  M.  D.,  md.  and  lived  in  vicinity  of  New  York  City;  and  8th  Bellini,  bn.  1790,  was  a 
merchant  in  Troy,  md.  a  Smith  and  his  eldest  son.  Smith  Buck,  was  owner  of  a  stove  fac- 
tory in  Troy,  N.  Y.,  many  years,  whose  sons  went  west  and  became  the  head  of  the  great 
Buck  Stove  and  Range  Co.  of  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Bostwick  md.  Mary  Jackson,  bn.  May  31st,  1790,  dau.  of  Daniel  Jackson,  Jr.,  one 
of  the  first  settlers  of  Peru  and  son  of  Daniel  and  Mary  (Green)  Jackson,  "Society  of 
Friends,"  and  the  brother  of  Samuel  Jackson  of  Port  Jackson  on  the  lake  where  they  all 
first  landed.  Daniel  Jackson.  Jr.,  was  the  old  time  author  of  "Alonzo  and  Malissa,  or 
the  Art  of  Happiness,"  for  an  allegory  of  "Alphonse  in  Search  of  Learning,"  in  1815.  In 
the  raid  of  British  troops  under  Brig.-Gen.  Murray  July  31st,  1813,  Bostwick  Buck's 
house  was  pillaged  (to  amount  of  $150  and  afterward  Sept.  8,  1814,  destroyed  by  fire) 
and  he  sold  out  and  emigrated  west  in  1825  with  the  tide  then  known  as  the  "Ohio 
fever,"  1815  to  1825,  to  settle  the  Co.  from  "the  Union,"  New  Preston  and  Nine  Partners, 
at  "Green's  Camp,"  Marion  Co.,  Ohio,  as  a  Quaker  community.  Bostwick's  children 
were:  1st  Newell;  2d  Allen,  md.  and  went  to  Ypsilanti,  Mich.,  and  had  children:  Henry, 
killed  in  Civil  War;  Frank,  md.  Frances  A.  Casson  of  Detroit;  Sarah,  md.  John  Chitten- 
den; and  Helen  A.,  md.  William  Taylor  of  Detroit;  3d  Malissa;  4th  Rachel;  5th  Daniel; 
6th  Harriet;  and  7th  Irene,  who  mostly  married  Friends  there  and  settled  in  the  west 
near  them. 

Joel  Buck  and  John  Buck,  Jr.,  brothers,  son  of  John  and  Elizabeth,  son  of  Ezekiel, 
formerly  of  Weathersfield,  Ct,  devised  property  in  the  southwest  part  of  New  Milford, 
Lanesville,  probably  his  interest  in  his  brother's  property,  or  to  whom  he  sold  out  be- 
fore leaving  there  in  1796  and  joining  his  brother,  Israel,  in  Peru,  N.  Y.,  in  1798,  purchas- 
ing six  acres  of  Rueben  Arthur  on  public  road  for  $80  and  loghouse  $20  in  all  $100,  and 
proceeded  to  build  an  Inn.  Israel  living  a  mile  or  so  north  of  there  near  Peru  village. 
Israel  Buck.  bn.  May  7th,  1762,  son  of  John  and  Elizabeth,  md.  Phebe,  dau.  of  Aaron  and 
Elizabeth  (Knowles)  Benedict,  bn.  Feb.,  1762,  of  New  Milford  in  1783,  came  to  Peru. 
N.  Y.,  from  Connecticut  in  1796.  He  died  in  Peru  about  1806  and  his  widow  and  chil- 
dren moved  to  Quaker  settlement  at  Alum  Creek,  Peru  township,  Marrow  Co.,  Ohio,  in 
1809  with  the  Benedict  brothers  and  their  parents  in  fall  of  1810,  making  the  trip  to 
"Center  Village"  in  2  mos.  11  days.  She  died  there  Sept.  19,  1823,  aged  61  years  7  rnos. 
and  son,  Andrew,  died  there  Mar.  10,  1890,  aged  96  years  8  mos.  21  days,  leaving  a  town- 
ship and  town  named  after  him.  They  also  had  sons,  John  and  Levi,  in  Peru  in  1806  and 
7,  who  probably  emigrated  to  "Center  Village,"  Del.  Co.,  or  "Green's  Camp,"  Marion  Co., 
quite  near  there,  and  descendants  at  "Mt.  Gilead,"  the  Marrow  Co.  seat.  One,  John  A., 
who  is  a  surveyor  and  civil  engineer. 

When  Grandmother  Elizabeth  Benedict  died  in  1821  "she  had  102  descendants  and 
all  but  2  lived  within  16  miles  of  her."  Their  son,  Cyrus,  md.  Hannah  Baker  of  Peru  in 
1799,  she  died  in  1862.  In  1909  they  held  a  centennial  reunion  there  and  there  were 
Bucks,  Barkers,  Bankers,  Benedicts,  Earls,  Osborns,  Handleys,  Harkness,  etc.,  of  the  2d 
and  3d  generations.     Surely 

"There  has  a  kindly  feeling  grown 

Among  that  people  firm  and  high 

Like  some  strong  bulwark  upward  thrown 

To  shield,  when  foeman's  grape  reply." 

—  ("The  Hamlet,"  by  Byron  Sunderlin). 

75 


Joel  Buck  First  Innkeeper  at  Union   in   1800.     Peru  Banner  Town  of  Clinton   Co.     The 

Everetts,  Eeeses  and  Keeseville.     Old  Cemetery  at  Union  and  West  Plattsburg.    War  of 

1812,  Macdonough's  Victory.     Fire  of  1SJ/9.     Distillery.     President  Monroe's  Visit. 

Joel  Buck,  kept  the  first  inn  at  "the  Union"  in  1800,  a  Quaker  settlement  on  the 
line  of  Peru  and  Ausable,  12  miles  from  Plattsburg  on  the  old  state  road  in  a  favorable 
valley  of  unsurpassed  scenery,  beauty  and  fertility  of  this  highly  favored  section  of  the 
lake  and  banner  town  of  Clinton  Co.,  five  miles  from  the  lake,  Peru  Landing,  Ausable 
Chasm  and  Keeseville  respectively,  and  containing  two  Friends'  Meeting  Houses  founded 
by  Edward  Everett,  an  English  nobleman,  in  17S6,  Capt.  of  N.  H.  volunteers,  1776,  and 
George  Everett,  drummer  7th  N.  H.  regiment.  1776. 

Edward  Everett  died  very  suddenly  at  Quebec  while  there,  during  the  famine  of 
1810  from  cold  summer  and  blight,  after  provisions  and  British  flour  stored  in  Canada 
for  army  purposes,  as  agent  for  the  state.  The  flour  was  seized  by  the  English  officers 
under  the  embargo  laws  and  held,  and  he  died  of  exposure  to  the  intense  cold  of  the 
severe  winter  there  awaiting  the  outcome. 

Among  others  who  located  there  (at  the  Union)  in  1786  were  Daniel  Jackson,  Caleb 
Green  and  his  four  sons,  and  John  Keese  and  his  five  sons  of  Duchess  Co.,  N.  Y.,  the 
founders  of  Keeseville  in  1790,  and  John  Stanton  and  Garret  and  Gilbert  Thew,  2d  Orange 
Co.  Reg.,  1775.  in  1795.  Many  of  the  old  families  of  the  Jacksons,  Greens,  Thews, 
Everetts  and  Keese  lies  buried  in  the  old  Friends'  burying  grounds  of  the  Union  and  West 
Plattsburg. 

Edward  Everett.  American  statesman,  bn.  at  Dorcester,  Mass.,  April  11,  1794,  died 
1865,  was  a  distant  relative. 

The  first  child  born  there  (at  the  Union)  was  from  a  servant  girl  in  Stanton's  family. 
The  wife  not  being  exactly  reconciled  to  the  circumstances,  insisted  upon  being  im- 
mediately taken  to  her  home  in  Dutchess  Co.  It  being  winter  the  husband  took  her  upon 
a  handsled  and  drew  her  upon  the  Lake  to  Skeenesborough,  now  Whitehall,  thence  by 
Wood  Creek  to  Fort  Ann  and  Fort  Edward  and  so  down  the  Hudson  River  to  her  fath- 
er's home,  after  which  he  retraced  his  journey  having  been  five  weeks  in  making  it. 
Upon  his  return  he  married  the  mother  of  the  child  and  lived  with  her  many  years.  So 
much  for  transportation  and  laxity  of  the  law  even  among  the  Quakers  in  the  pioneer 
settlements  of  those  early  days.      (Gazetteer  of  N.  Y.  State,  1860,  page  236). 

Ephraim  Buck  was  a  merchant  and  banker,  had  a  store  and  mill  and  was  a 
mayor  of  the  city  at  one  time,  was  one  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  Plattsburgh  Academy, 
April  21.  1828,  and  president  of  the  village  board  in  1N35.  (Palmer's  Hist.  Plattsburg. 
page  52). 

In  the  naval  battle  of  Plattsburg,  1814,  under  Sir  George  Prevost  of  the  British 
land  force,  who  occupied  the  north  side  of  the  Saranac  River,  driving  out  inhabitants, 
many  of  whose  families  fled  to  "the  Union"  and  Gen.  Alexander  McComb,  the  land 
forces  of  the  Americans  on  the  southern  bank  successfully  withstood  the  vastly  superior 
attacks  from  Sept.  4th  to  the  11th  until  a  victory  was  gained  by  the  American  fleet  under 
Com.  Macdonough  over  the  British  Com.  Downie  Sept.  11.  1814,  when  they  were  re- 
pulsed and  finally  withdrew  never  to  try  again.  Among  the  list  of  casualties  Robert 
Buckley,  seaman,  was  wounded  on  Brig  Eagle  of  American  fleet  and  William  Buck  of 
American  land  forces  unaccounted  for.  Rufus  Bucklin.  second  lieutenant.  Capt.  Samuel 
Gordon's  Co.,  May  30,  1813,  Jan.  and  Feb..  1814.  11th  Reg.  U.  S.  Inft.  And  that  by  hot 
shot  fired  from  the  American  works  on  the  south  side  to  drive  out  the  British  entrenched 
on  the  north  side  a  number  of  (15)  buildings  were  burned,  among  them  the  court  house, 
the  only  public  building  in  the  town  and  the  dwelling  of  the  Bucks.  (Peter  S.  Palmer's 
Hist,  of  Plattsburg,  1769  to  1893.  page  54). 

On  or  about  the  4th  of  Sept.,  1814,  the  families  of  the  Baileys.  Bucks,  Platts  and 
others  being  alarmed  made  preparations  and  retired  taking  refuge  in  Peru  at  "the  Union." 

Afterward  Ephraim  Buck  lived  on  Margaret  St.,  and  kept  store  on  Bridge  St.,  firm 
(1835),  Benedict  &  Buck,  dry  goods,  boots  and  shoes.  Store  destroyed  by  the  great  fire 
of  Aug.  10th,  1849.      (Palmer's  Hist.  Plattsburg.  page  58). 

James  Kennedy's  distillery  on  Bridge  St.,  now  Merkel  &  Sons,  in  1830  advertised  to 
give  five  quarts  of  whiskey  for  a  bushel  of  rye  or  merchantable  corn  or  take  pay  in 
wood  if  they  preferred. 

President  James  Monroe  visited  Plattsburg  on  tour  of  inspection  early  in  his  ad- 
ministration. Sunday,  July  27,  1817,  after  the  raid  on  Washington,  D.  C,  Aug.  24,  1814, 
and  Battle  of  Plattsburg  Sept.  11.  1S14.  in  Madison's  reign,  and  was  met  by  military 
escort  from  the  post  and  all  the  prominent  citizens  of  the  town,  and  a  great  ovation  was 

76 


Oration  at  Old  American  and  U.  S.  Hotel.  Israel  Creen.  the  Quaker  Inn  Keeper.  IA.- 
Col.  Wm.  Langdon  Ruck.  Family  Descent.  At  Plattsburg  Barracks  1910-12.  Buried  a! 
Arlington,  Va.     Beaumont  B.  Buck,  Capt.  Kith  V.  8.  Inf.     Western  Bucks.     Henri/  Buck. 

tendered  him  at  the  old  American  hotel  near  the  steamboat  dock  on  landing  and  he 
visited  the  old  government  barracks  and  fortifications  (then  named  Port  Monroe  in  his 
honor)  and  was  entertained  by  the  mayor  at  the  then  U.  S.  hotel  kept  by  Israel  Green, 
the  Quaker  Inn  Keeper,  (brother  ot  Daniel,  1817)  on  Bridge  St.  at  the  foot  of  the  Peru 
road  now  Charlotte  St. 

William  Landon  Buck.  bn.  in  Alabama  Jan.  30,  1856,  graduated  from  U.  S.  Militar;" 
Academy  at  West  Point.  N.  Y.,  June  14,  1878,  and  promoted  in  the  army  a  2nd,  Lieut., 
13th  Inft.  His  first  garrison  duty  was  at  Atlanta,  Ga„  and  he  was  stationed  afterward 
at  various  army  posts  in  the  south  and  west,  Alaska  and  the  Philippines,  for  several 
years  and  made  a  good  record  for  bravery  and  efficiency.  Promoted  Lieut.-Col.  5th  Inft. 
U.  S.  army  Aug.  28,  1910,  reached  the  grade  of  Col.  Mar.,  1912,  while  stationed  at 
Plattsburg  barracks,  1910  to  12.  Died  May  10th,  U.  S.  Inf.  in  U.  S.  (Walter  Reed  Gen.) 
Hospital  at  Brightwood  near  Soldier's  Home,  Wash.,  D.  C,  Oct.  20,  1912.  Obsequies  at 
Port  Myer  and  buried  in  the  Arlington  Natl.  Com.,  (Southern  Division  No.  201),  Va. 

He  was  son  of  William  Amos,  son  of  Amos,  son  of  Jonathan,  Jr.,  son  of  Jonathan, 
bn.  Feb.  20.  1719,  son  of  Ebenezer,  bn.  May  20,  1689,  son  of  Ephraim,  bn.  Oct.  11,  1646,  son 
of  Roger,  bn.  1617,  son  of  William,  bn.  in  Eng.,  1585,  and  came  to  Wobin,  Mass.,  1635, 
as  claimed  by  him.  He  left  a  wife  and  2  daus.  but  no  sons.  Miss  Winona  H.  Buck, 
eldest  dau.  of  Lieut.-Col.  and  Mrs.  W.  L.  Buck,  Plattsburg  barracks,  md.  Capt.  Vincent 
M.  Elmore,  24th  Inf.,  U.  S.  army,  Nov.  28,  1911.  and  Miss  Leroy  Buck,  the  youngest  dau., 
md.  Lieut.  Oliver  A.  Dickinson,  5th  Inft.,  U.  S.  army,  on  Dec.  23,  1913,  at  the  home  of 
her  mother,  Mrs.  W.  E.   (Le  Roy)    Buck,  Wash.,  D.  C. 

Beaumont  B.  Buck,  Capt.  16th  U.  S.  Inf..  died  Mar.  14,  1909,  in  Wash.,  D.  C.  Buried 
at  Arlington  Nat.  Cem.  near  the  old  Port  Myer  in  southern  division,  lot  1680,  with  monu- 
ment, md.  Katie  Barnard,  bn.  April  12,  1870,  died  June  14,  1906,  at  Fort  McPherson,  Ga. 

Western  Bucks.  Rev.  Elijah  Buck  (Preb.).  son  of  Capt.  Ichabod  and  Lucy  (Board- 
man)  Buck,  son  of  Rev.  Daniel  Buck  (1737-1814),  was  bn.  Mar.  1st,  1799,  near  Great 
Bend,  Susquehanna  Co.,  Penn.  Md.  Aug.  24,  1831,  Mary  Ann  Butler,  youngest  dau.  of 
Nathaniel  and  Cynthia  (Taft)  Butler  of  Mexico,  Oswego  Co.,  N.  Y.  She  died  Jan.  17th, 
and  he  died  Aug.  17th,  1887,  at  Centralia,  Marion  Co.,  111.  They  had  5  sons  and  3  daus.: 
1st  Henry  Dwight,  bn.  Mar.  7,  1834,  at  Onondaga  Valley  (Onondaga  Co.),  N.  Y.,  op- 
tician and  pharmacist,  md.  Virginia  L..  youngest  dau.  of  Rev.  Carlisle  and  Sarah  Babbit 
at  Olney  (Richmond  Co.),  111.  They  had  2  sons.  Prank  Carlisle,  bn.  Jan.  30,  died  Sept.  23, 
1873,  and  Charles  Dwight  bn.  Jan.  23.  1877,  died  Oct.  18,  1882,  and  dau..  Sarah  Mary 
("Sadie  May"),  bn.  Sept.  16.  1884;  2nd  Cvnthia  Maria,  bn.  Mar.  4th,  1836,  at  Havana, 
Schuyler  Co..  N.  Y.,  md.  Jas.  W.  Stark,  Sept.  5.  1861.  at  Jonesville,  (Hillsdale  Co.),  Mich. 
She  died  at  Minneapolis,  Minn.,  Aug.  1st.  1891.  and  left  no  children;  3d  Prances  May, 
bn.  July  29,  died  Nov.  18,  1839,  at  Jonesville,  Mich.;  4th  Edward  Rawson,  bn.  Jan.  9, 
1842.  at  Jonesville,  Mich.,  md.  Sept.  13,  1S76,  Louise  M.  Deremo,  adopted  dau.  of  Deacon 
Jerry  and  Bathia  Felt,  of  Beloit,  Wis.,  at  Centralia,  111.  She  died  Sept.  3,  1894,  at  Mt. 
Vernon.  111.,  and  left  no  children.  He  now  resides  at  Beloit,  Rock  Co.,  (near  Janes- 
ville)  Wis.,  grain,  flour  and  feed  business.  424  North  State  St.;  5th  George  Nathaniel, 
bn.  Aug.  15,  1846,  at  Janesville,  Mich.,  md.  Lurella,  dau.  of  Michael  D.  and  Abby  J.  Greg- 
ory, Nov.  2,  1870,  at  Shelbyville,  111.  She  died  May  23,  1877,  leaving  one  dau.,  Edna 
lone,  bn.  May  15,  1872,  at  Mattoon,  (Coles  Co.),  III.,  where  he  resides,  a  dry  goods  and 
manufacturing  merchant;  6th  Charles,  bn.  Jan.  20,  died  April  28,  1848,  at  Jonesville, 
Mich.;  7th  Mary  Harriet,  bn.  Aug.  IS,  1849,  at  Jonesville,  Mich.,  md.  Frank  W.  Fletcher 
May  15,  1872,  at  Centralia,  111.  They  had  4  sons  and  2  daus.:  Harry  Bryant,  bn.  April 
29,  1875;  Annie  Jean,  bn.  Mar.  3d,  died  July  4th,  1879;  Frederick  Bailey,  bn.  May  22, 
1880,  all  of  Centralia,  Elizabeth  Stark,  bn.  Sept.  10,  18S2,  at  Wash..  D.  C;  Cyrus  Don, 
bn.  July  14th,  1885,  at  Centralia;  and  Robert  Buck,  bn.  Mar.  9,  1891,  at  Minneapolis, 
Minn.,  where  they  now  reside,  he  being  a  journalist;  and  8th  Charles  Butler,  bn.  Dec.  23, 
1851,  at  Jonesville,  Mich.,  remains  single,  resides  at  Mattoon,  111.,  and  was  in  company 
with  his  brother  George,  in  manufacturing  and  mercantile  business  there  in  1S97. 

Daniel  S.  Buck,  one  of  the  16th  children  of  Rev.  Daniel  Buck  (1737-1814). 

Henry  D.  and  G.  N.  Buck,  brothers,  grandsons  of  Daniel  S.  of  Centralia  and  Mattoon. 
111. 

Our  Forebears  in  the  Buck  family,  (vide  Stoddard  and  Buck).  Southington 
Genealogies,  page  34  to  37,  by  Herman  R.  Timlow.  Boston,  1861. 

Henry  Buck,  one  of  the  earliest  settlers  of  Weathersfield,  Conn.,  probably  brother 
of  Emanuel  and  son,  cousin  or  brother  of  William,  was  bn.  in  1626,  md.  Oct.  31st,  1660, 

77 


Our  Forebears  in  the  Buck  Family.     (Vide  Stoddard  and  Buck).  Weathers  field  and  Say- 
brook  Records. 

Elizabeth,  dan.  of  Josiah  Churchill  of  Weathersfield  and  Elizabeth  Foot  his  wife,  bn. 
May  15,  1642,  in  Weathersfield.  He  died  July  7th,  1712,  aged  S6  years.  Children:  1st 
Henry;  2d  Samuel,  bn.  Feb.  2d,  1664;  3d  Martha,  bn.  Oct.  15,  1667;  4th  Elizabeth,  bn. 
June  6th,  1670;  7th  Mary,  bn.  Mar.  12,  1673;  8th  Sarah,  bn.  July  25,  167S;  9th  Ruth,  bn. 
Dec.  4th,  1681;  and  10th  Mehitabel.  bn.  Jan.  4th,  16S4,  md.  Ebenezer  Alexander  of 
Weathersfield,  Oct.  10th.  1709. 

Samuel  Ruck,  son  of  Henry  and  Elizabeth  Churchill,  his  wife,  bn.  Feb.  2d,  1664,  in 
Weathersfield,  md.  Jan.  29,  1660,  Sarah,  dau.  of  Deacon  Samuel  Butler  of  Weathersfield. 
Children:  1st  Isaac,  bn.  April  12,  1693,  md.  Nov.  25,  1718,  Elizabeth,  dau.  of  James 
Wright.  Children:  Elizabeth,  bn.  Mar.  4,  1720;  Samuel,  bn.  June  20,  1722,  md.  1st  Mary- 
Andrews,  2d  Hannah  Wright;  Abigail,  bn.  May  11,  1724;  Justus,  bn.  Mar.  11,  1726;  Me- 
hitable.  bn.  Oct.  29,  1728,  md.  Ebenezer  Smith;  Hannah,  bn.  Nov.  29,  1730,  died  May  14, 
1811;  and  Marinna,  bn.  Feb.  20,  1733.  Hannah,  md.  April  22,  1755.  Lieut.  Elijah  Francis, 
bn.  Feb.  25,  1732,  son  of  Jas.  and  Abigail  (Warren)  Francis.  He  died  Aug.  18,  1812. 
Isaac  Buck  and  Jas.  Francis  lived  in  Newington  on  opposite  sides  of  the  highway  in 
1716;  2d  Dorothy,  bn.  July  29,  1695;  3d  Peletiah,  bn.  Sept.  2d,  1698,  md.  Mar.  25,  1724, 
Lydia,  dau.  of  John  Stoddard  of  Weathersfield.  Children.  Lydia,  bn.  April  22,  1725; 
Peletiah,  Jr.,  bn.  July  25,  1726.  His  wife,  Lydia  Stoddard,  died  July  29,  1727,  and  he  md. 
Zenobia  Andrews  Jan.  18,  1745,  and  had  dau.,  Hannah.  He  and  wives  Lydia  and  Jemima, 
are  buried  in  Newington,  Conn.;  4th  Sarah,  bn.  Mar.  25,  1701,  md.  Sept.  26,  1728,  Na- 
thaniel Stoddard:  5th  Elizabeth,  bn.  Aug.  13,  1703;  6th  Samuel,  bn.  July  12,  1705;  and 
Martha,  bn.  Oct.  27,  17n7. 

From  Weathersfield  and  Old  Saybrook  (Middlesex  Co.),  Ct.,  records  brought  down 
to  date. 

Samuel  Buck  of  Weathersfield.  Ct.,  son  of  Henry  and  Elizabeth  Churchill,  bn.  Feb. 
2,  1664,  md.  Jan.  29.  1690,  Sarah,  dau.  of  Dea.  Samuel  Butler  of  Weathersfield,  and  had 
chil.:  Isaac,  bn.  April  12.  1693;  Dorothy,  bn.  July  29.  1695;  Peletiah,  bn.  Sept.  2d,  1698; 
Sarah,  bn.  Mar.  25,  1701;  Elizabeth,  bn.  Aug.  13.  1703;  Samuel,  bn.  July  12,  1705;  and 
Martha,  bn.  Oct.  25,  1707. 

Isaac,  bn.  April  12,  1693,  md.  Elizabeth,  dau.  of  James  Wright  Nov.  25,  1718.  Chil- 
dren: Elizabeth,  bn.  Mar.  4,  1720;  Samuel,  bn.  June  20,  1722,  md.  1st  Mary  Andrews,  2d 
Hannah  Wright;  Abigail,  bn.  May  11.  1724;  Justus,  bn.  Mar.  11,  1726,  md.  Rosemond 
Francis  of  Saybrook;  Mehitable.  bn.  Oct.  29,  1728,  md.  Ebenezer  Smith;  Hannah,  bn.  Nov. 
29.  1730,  died  May  14,  1811,  md.  April  22,  1755,  Lieut.  Elijah  Francis,  bn.  Feb.  25,  1732, 
son  of  Jas.  and  Abigail  (Warren)  Francis.  He  died  Aug.  18,  1812;  and  Miriam,  bn.  Feb. 
20,  1733. 

Isaac  Buck  and  James  Francis  lived  in  Newington  on  opposite  sides  of  the  highway 
in  1716. 

Jttstus,  bn.  Mar.  11,  1726,  died  Sept.,  1807,  md.  in  1748,  Rosemond  Francis  of  Say- 
brook, bn.  1731,  died  Dec.  30,  1823,  and  had  children  (11):  Isaac,  bn.  July  28,  1750,  in 
Rev.  service;  Samuel,  bn.  Oct.  1st.  1752;  Jerusa,  bn.  Sept.  25,  1755;  Elizabeth,  bn.  Feb. 
5,  175S;  Hannah,  bn.  May  14,  1760;  Miranda,  bn.  Dec.  5,  1762;  Mehitable,  bn.  June  19, 
1765;  Abigail,  bn.  July  5,  1767;  William,  bn.  Jan.  22,  1770;  Justus,  Jr.,  bn.  Nov.  16,  1772; 
Rosemond,  bn.  April  11,  1775. 

Justus,  Jr.,  bn.  at  Saybrook,  Ct.,  Nov.  16,  1772,  died  Jan.  6,  1852.  md.  Lovina  Parks 
bn.  1773,  died  Jan.  31.  1864,  children  (6);  Anson,  bn.  Mar.  12,  1799;  William,  bn.  July  17. 
1801;  Abigail,  bn.  July  30,  1804,  died  Mar.  18,  1870;  John,  bn.  Sept.  31,  1807;  Rosamond, 
bn.  July  17,  1813;  and  James  Parks,  bn.  April  2,  1815,  of  Sandy  Hill,  Wash.  Co.,  N.  Y., 
died  Mar.  12.  1897,  md.  Mar.  1st,  1843,  Eliza  A.  Brush,  bn.  April  12,  1818,  died  May  13. 
1870.  They  had  S  children:  Henry,  bn.  April  28,  1844,  died  Feb.  11,  1S45;  2d  James  Or- 
ville,  bn.  Nov.  1st,  1845.  died  May  20,  1896,  md.  Feb.  22,  1877,  Mary  Meade.  She  died 
Dec.  16,  1911.  Children,  Mary  Elizabeth,  bn.  Oct.  17,  1878;  Laura  Josephine,  bn.  Sept. 
3d,  1880;  Edith  Miranda,  bn.  Dec.  12,  1882;  James  Parks,  bn.  April  14.  1887;  Stephen 
Harris,  bn.  Feb.  5,  1891;  and  Arthur  Orville,  bn.  Mar.  24,  1894;  3d  Ann  Elizabeth,  bn . 
Nov.  1st,  1845,  (twin)  md.  Isaiah  Miller  in  1S71  and  have  dau.  Carrie,  reside  in  Schenec- 
tady, N.  Y. ;  4th  Rosamond  Lovina,  bn.  July  23.  1847,  md.  William  Danvers  Sherman,  who 
died  in  1914.  Children:  James  Parks,  md.  Geneva  Wells  and  have  chil.:  Danvers  and 
Rose,  live  in  Nevada;  and  Alfred  M.,  md.  Edith  McKinney  of  Hudson  Falls,  N.  Y.,  and 
have  chil.:  Mildred,  Mary  and  Alfred;  5th  Laura  Josephine,  bn.  Sept.  27,  1850,  md.  Jan.  4, 
1870.     Solomon  Henry  Parks,  bn.  Oct.  29,  1841,  died  June  22,  1912,  of  Hudson  Falls,  N.  Y., 

78 


Bucks  and  Sti,ddards  Intermarry.     Peletiah  Buck  and  Lydia  Stoddard.     Sarah  Buck  and 

Nathaniel  Stoddard.     Amos  Hurl  and  Abigail  Stoddard.     Nathaniel  Stoddard  and  Abigail 

Buck.     Capt.  John  Stoddard.     Ancestry.     Cunt  of  Arms. 

leaving  one  dau.,  Lida  Gertrude;  6th  Caroline  Mahitable,  bn.  Mar.  IS,  1S54,  died  Mar.  1st, 
1859;  7th  Carrie  Eliza,  bn.  Aug.  23,  1856,  died  Mav  13,  1870;  and  8th  Ella  May,  bn. 
Dec.  3,  1859,  died  June  7,  1866. 

Daughters  of  James  E.  and  Mary  (Meade)  Buck;  Mary  Eliza,  bn.  Oct.  17,  1878,  md. 
Cyrus  Dean  of  Glens  Palls,  N.  Y.,  now  deceased  and  have  children,  Wyman.  Cyrus  and 
Clifford  and  Laura  Josephine,  bn.  Sept.  3,  1880,  nid.  Leslie  Hubble  of  Caldwell,  now  Lake 
George,  N.  Y.,  and  have  dau.,  Dorothy. 

Sergeant  Samuel  Buck  died  in  Weathersfield,  Apl.  23,  1709,  aged  44  years  and  2 
months. 

Peletiah.  Jr.,  and  Hannah  Hills.  Nov.  9.  1755;  dau.  Lydia,  bn.  Sept.  15,  1756. 

Samuel  Buck,  son  of  Samuel,  bn.  July  12,  1705,  in  Weathersfield,  md.  Dec.  28,  1727. 
Sarah,  dau.  of  John  House  of  Glastonbury.  Children:  1st,  Sarah,  bn.  June  3,  1729; 
2nd,  John,  bn.  July  17,  1731,  md.  Feb.  10,  1757,  Sarah  Hurlburt;  3rd,  George,  bn.  Oct.  11. 
1733;  4th,  Titus,  bn.  June  27,  1736,  md.  Oct.  1.  1760,  Caroline  Seward;  5th,  Samuel,  bn. 
June  10,  1738,  md.  Elizabeth  Fairchild,  1761.  Son  bn.  Mav  7,  1762;  6th,  Daniel,  bn.  Apl. 
23,  1742,  md.  Sarah  Salstonstall  of  New  London,  Dec.  3.  1775;  7th,  Betsy,  bn.  Nov.  30, 
1744;  Sth  Amos,  bap.,  Apl.  9,  1748;  9th,  Isaac,  bn.  Feb.  20,  1750.  Mrs.  Sarah  Buck. died 
Oct.  10,  1751,  when  Samuel  Buck,  Sr.,  md.  2nd  wife  Elizabeth  McCloud  having  issue 
William,  bn.  Nov.  21,  1752,  who  died  in  infancy  Dec  22.  1753.  He  held  the  military 
rank  of  sergeant,  resided  in  Weathersfield  where  he  died  Oct.  17,  1758,  aged  53. 

Amos  Buck,  son  of  Samuel,  bn.  Apl.  9,  1747,  in  that  part  of  Weathersfield  now  New- 
ington,  was  baptised  there  Apl.  9,  1748.  He  was  married  to  Abigail  Stoddard  Dec.  30, 
173S.  He  and  wife  admitted  to  Congregational  Church  in  Newington  July  23,  1780. 
They  had  5  children:  Dollie,  Sophia,  John.  Atwood  and  Chauncey.  He  was  in  Capt.  E. 
Wright's  3rd  Co.,  3rd  Battalion  at  West  Point,  June  1778.  in  Rev.  service  (see  page  12  1  I. 
No  record  is  found  of  his  death,  was  there  in  census  of  1790;  his  widow,  Abigail  Buck, 
died  in  Kensington,  Aug.  14,  1835,  aged  86  years. 

Nathaniel  Stoddard,  who  md.  Abigail  Buck,  bn.  Jan.  3,  1691,  dau.  of  Ezekiel  Buck  and 
Rachel  Andrews  about  1715,  was  the  son  of  John  Stoddard,  sergeant  of  Weathersfield. 
1639,  juror  in  1642  and  3.  He  died  in  1664  and  left  children:  1st,  Mary;  2nd,  John;  3rd, 
Josiah;   4th,  Mary;   Sth,  Elizabeth:   and  6th,  Nathaniel. 

Nathaniel  who  md  Abigail  Buck,  dau.  of  Ezekiel,  Jr.,  and  Sarah  Bronson  md.  Jan. 
13,  1698,  at  a  little  earlier  time.  (See  the  records  of  Weathersfield,  Ct,  pages  297  and  x, 
and  New  Eng.   Hist.   Register,  vol.   15.   N.   E.   Hist,   and   Geneal.   Society,   Boston,   1861). 

Anthony  Stoddard,  ancestor,  came  from  Eng.  about  1639.  Md.  in  Salem  and  settled 
in  Boston.  Rev.  Solomon  of  Northampton,  bn.  Oct.  4,  1643.  Capt.  John  Stoddard,  Nov. 
9,  1713,  sent  on  Canadian  mission,  son  of  Rev.  Solomon  Stoddard,  the  second  minister  of 
Northampton,  Mass.,  1714. 

The  first  of  the  Stoddard  family,  William  Stoddard,  a  Knight  of  Normandy,  France, 
same  over  to  England,  A.  D.  1066,  with  William  the  Conqueror,  who  was  his  cousin,  as 
standard  bearer  to  Viscompte  De  Pulesdon,  a  Norman  noble,  and  that  the  name  is  derived 
from  the  office  of  standard  bearer,  anciently  written  "De  La  Standard"  and  corrupted  to 
Stodard,  Stodart,  Stoddard.     Ancestry  in  office  of  heraldy,  England. 

The  coat  of  arms  of  the  ancient  family  of  Rukard  Stoddard  of  London.  Stoddard; 
3  stars  on  shield,  two  above,  one  beneath,  triangular,  surmounted  with  horse's  head,  neck, 
breast  and  forelegs  leaping  out  of  coronet  above  iron  mask  and  shield,  bearing  beneath 
the  motto,  "Festina  Tente"   (Be  in  haste,  but  not  in  a  hurry)   over  Stoddard. 

Richard  Stoddard  of  Nottingham,  Kent,  near  Ettham.  7  miles  from  London  Bridge 
had  400  acres  from  1490  to  Sir  Nicholas  Stoddard  1765.  A  noble  Norman,  "who  bore  for 
arms  three  silver  stars  on  a  sable  ground  joined  with  that  of  other  intermarried  families." 

Rev.  Anthony  Stoddard  of  Woodbury,  Ct.,  bn.  Aug.  9,  1678,  Elisha,  son  of  Anthony, 
bn.  Nov.  24,  1706. 

Nathaniel  Stoddard,  1700,  was  son  of  John,  the  settler  of  Weathersfield,  Mass..  in 
1636,  who  md.  Mary,  dau.  of  Nathaniel  Poote  in  1642.  He  md.  Eunice  Standish,  niece  of 
Capt.  Miles,  Dec.  7,  1693.  Nathaniel,  son  of  Nathaniel  and  Eunice,  bn.  Jan.  17,  1693,  md. 
Sept.  26,  1728,  Sarah,  dau.  of  Samuel  and  Sarah  (Butler)  Buck.  He  resided  in  Newing- 
ton and  died  there  Aug.  15,  1756.  She  died  Nov.  4,  1757,  in  her  56th  year.  Children: 
1st,  Melicant,  bn.  June  29,  1729,  md.  Joseph  Griswold-;  2nd,  Elizur,  bn.  Dec.  14,  1730,  md. 
Mabel  Gillett  Dec.  5.  1752.  children:  John,  bn.  Apl.  17.  1753;  Mary,  Mabel,  Elizabeth, 
Elijah,  bn.  June  IS,  1766,  and  John,  bn.  Sept.  23,  1768.     Elisha,  bn.  June  0,  1756,  son  of 

79 


Stoddard  Families.  Sarah,  Dau.  of  Phineas,  Md.  Dr.  J.  F.  Norbury,  of  N.  Y.  C.  History 
of  Bridgewater,  Mass.  Thus.  Buck.  Family.  Isaac  and  John  Probably  Descendants 
of  James.     Thos.   Buck   of  Hartford.     Family.     James   and  David  Sons   of   Thos.   Buck. 

John.  md.  Dorothy,  dau.  of  Daniel  Willard.  June  6.  1776,  children:  Chloe,  Elisha,  bn. 
Sept.  10,  1779,  Simeon  and  Allen.  Phineas,  bn.  July  7,  1797,  son  ot  Elisha  of  Mass.,  md. 
Oct.  18,  1815,  Miranda  Fair,  bn.  Oct.  20,  1798,  resided  in  Greenfield,  Ulster  Co.,  N.  Y., 
children:  Elisha,  bn.  June  2,  1823;  Perry  C,  bn.  Oct.  30,  1827;  John  F„  bn.  July  20,  1825; 
and  Henry,  bn.  Mar.  5,  1831,  died  June  19,  1S52,  and  Phineas,  Jr.,  bn.  July  20,  1847,  of 
boys  and  Mary  E.,  bn.  Oct.  29,  1819,  died  May  29,  1839,  and  Sarah,  bn.  Oct.  26,  1835,  in 
Greenfield,  md.  Oct.  26,  1856,  John  F.  Norbury.  bn.  Apl.  27,  1816,  M.  D.  of  Athens,  Greene 
Co.,  N.  Y.,  a  banker  and  broker  of  Wall  Street,  N.  Y.  City.  He  died  Jan.  13,  1895,  issue 
Panny,  only  dau.  and  child,  bn.  May  4,  1866,  died  Jan.  24,  1S82,  aged  16.  Both  buried  in 
Woodlawn  Cemetery,  233rd  St..  and  Webster  Ave.,  New  York  City. 

Elisha,  bn.  in  Greenfield,  June  2,  1823,  md.  Sept.  2,  1844,  Mary  Frear.  He  died  in 
1905,  leaving  no  sons. 

John  F..  bn.  in  Greenfield,  July  20,  1825,  md.  Oct.  18,  1805,  Eliza  A.  Piatt,  educator 
and  publisher. 

Perry  C,  bn.  in  Greenfield,  Oct.  30,  1*27,  md.  July  15.  1850.  Hannah  \V.  Southwick. 
He  died  in  Ellenville.  Ulster  Co.,  in  1904,  leaving  one  son,  Zadoc,  now  residing  in  Los 
Angeles,  Cal.,  724  Solans  Ave.,  real  estate  dealer. 

Solomon  Stoddard,  bn.  Oct.  4,  1043,  md.  Esther  (Wardham)  Mather,  was  son  of 
Anthony  and  Mary  Downing  of  Salem,  who  emigrated  to  Boston  Aug.  26,  1639. 

Stoddard  family  of  Hingham,  Mass.,  1638,  of  Weathersfield,  Ct,  1043,  and  of  New 
London  and  Groton,  Ct.,  1652:  Elisha,  son  of  Anthony,  bn.  Aug.  9,  1678.  md.  1st  wife  Pru- 
dence Wells,  2nd  Mary  Sherman;  Elisha,  son  of  Solomon,  bn.  Dec.  29,  1728,  md.  Mary 
Gurnsey  about  1752;  Elisha,  son  of  Elisha,  bn.  Nov.  24.  1706,  md.  Rebecca  Sherman  of 
Woodbury.  Ct.,  descendant  of  Roger;  Elisha,  son  of  Elisha,  Jr.,  bn.  Nov.  4,  1735,  md.  Anna 
Hunt,  May  29,  1760.  Elisha,  son  of  Elisha.  Jr..  bn.  May  1.  1765,  md.  Mary  Crane  Nov.  22, 
1791.  He  died  Feb.  3,  1833;  Nathaniel,  son  of  Elisha  and  brother  of  Phineas,  bn.  July 
14.  1799,  died  Aug.  20,  1833,  was  killed  by  a  horse. 

History  of  Bridgewater.  Mass.,  by  Edward  C.  Mitchell,  D.  D.,  page  125,  1S40. 
Thos.  Buck  was  the  eldest  son  of  Isaac  and  Frances  Buck  of  Scituate  and  settled  in 
Bridgewater  before  1712.  He  md.  Elizabeth,  dau.  of  James  Howard  in  1712  and  had 
children:  Mary.  bn.  1713;  Thomas,  1715;  Elizabeth,  1717;  John,  1721;  Mathew,  1724;  and 
Tabitha,  1728.  He  died  in  17.".."..  she  in  1760.  Mary  md.  David  Hill  in  1733.  Elizabeth 
md.  Elias  Monk  in  1737.  John  md.  Mary  Ames  in  1739.  Tabitha  md.  Thos.  Kimber  in 
1755.  Some  of  this  family  settled  in  Easton.  Mathew  md.  Elizabeth  Kimber  and  had 
children:  Isaac,  bn.  1750;  Thos.,  1752;  Hannah,  1755;  Keziah,  1757;  Joshua,  1760;  Daniel, 
1762;  Eliphalet,  1705;    Elizabeth,  1769;  and  Mathew,  1772. 

Isaac  md.  Sarah  Havward  in  1773,  and  Thos.  md.  Silence  Brett  in  1774,  at  Easton  in 
,1790. 

Isaac  and  John  Buck  were  probably  sons  of  James  Buck  at  Hingham,  Mass..  in  1638. 
Isaac  died  in  1695  and  John's  will   is  dated  1097.     There  was  also  a  Roger  Buck  at 
Wobin.  now  Cambridge,  in  1643,  who  had  sons,  John,  1644,  and  Ephraim,  1646. 

We  find  in  the  records  at  Hartford.  Ct.,  Thomas  Buck  of  Weathersfield  married 
Deborah  Hews  of  Guilford.  Ct..  Oct.  10.  1665,  who  had  a  son  Thomas. 

In  the  church  records  at  Middletown  we  find  Thomas  Buck  and  wife  Susanna  were 
admitted  to  full  communion  Nov.  15,  1702.  They  had  a  dau.  Mary,  who  was  admitted  to 
full  membership  Nov.  13,  1715.  Benjamin,  son  of  Thomas  and  Susanna  had  a  dau. 
baptised  Nov.  17,  1717.  No  church  records  of  Susanna's  death,  but  find  that  Thomas 
Buck  and  Sarah  Judd  of  Hartford,  formerly  of  Farmington,  md.  May  12,  1709,  and  had 
issue:  1st,  Sarah,  bn.  June  10,  1710;  2nd.  Thomas,  bn.  Feb.  6,  1712;  3rd,  Mary,  bn.  Nov. 
11.  1715;  4th,  Ebenezer,  bn.  Nov.  11,  1717,  md.  Deborah  Harris  Nov.  16,  1743,  of  Lebanon 
and  they  had  a  dau.  Deborah,  bn.  Oct.  18,  1744;  5th,  John,  bn.  Mar.  24,  1721,  and  died 
Apl.  17,  1722.  Thomas  Buck  must  have  been  quite  a  land  owner,  27  deeds  being  recorded 
by  him  at  Middletown. 

James   Buck,   prudential   committee.   Mar.   s.    1736.     David   Buck  of  Weathersfield,   a 

deed  of  land  to  Giles  Hall  June  15,  1734.     Thos.  Buck  and  Ann  Buck,  witnesses.     James 

and  David  were  probably  sons  of  Thos.   by  1st  wife  Susanna,  and  Ann   wife  of  David. 

There  were  a  Samuel,  Isaac  and  Jeremiah  Buck  at  Chatham.  Middlesex  Co.,  in  1790, 

heads  of  families,  and  also  Thomas  and  Isaac  at  Somers,  Tolland  Co. 

Isaac  Buck,  a  brother  of  Samuel  of  Portland  near  Middletown,  was  taken  prisoner 
by  the  British  and  died  on  prison  ship  "Old  Jersey"  at  New  York  in  1777  and  another 
Isaac  was  killed  earlier  by  the  Indians  in  the  frontier  warfare. 

80 


NOX 


Samuel,  Isaac  and  Jeremiah  Buck.  Samuel  and  Son  James  at  North  Portland.  Mills 
and  Shops.  John  M.  Buck  of  Curtisville  a?ul  N.  Stockbridge.  Anson  Buck  of  Great 
Barrington.     Family.     Horace    Blake    Hack    of    Worcester,    Mass.     Author:     "Portland, 

Ct.,  Burks." 

Samuel  Buck  may  have  been  grandson  of  Thos.  or  Henry,  was  born  17:!0  or  5,  died 
near  White  River  Junction,  Vt,  in  1785  or  90,  while  on  a  visit  at  Hartland  where  Jona- 
than resided  or  Norwich  where  Daniel  resided  in  1790.  Concerning  the  ancestors  of 
Samuel  Buck  we  are  unable  to  get  as  satisfactory  account  as  to  records  of  names,  births, 
marriages  and  deaths  as  clear  as  we  would  like,  much  is  circumstantial.  He  married 
and  had  two  children:  Amos  and  Anna.  We  find  Amos  at  Weathersfield  in  1790  with 
3  sons  and  wife  and  3  dau.  Anna  md.  a  Belden  of  Rocky  Hill,  above  Middletown,  with- 
out issue.  Esther,  dau.  of  Joseph  Buck  and  James,  son  of  James  Buck,  were  baptised 
May  1,  1709,  at  Dedham,  Mass.  Joseph  and  James  were  probably  sons  of  Ephraim.  son  of 
Roger,  who  md.  twice,  first  in  1G67,  second  in  1079,  and  died  in  Wilmington  near  Dedham 
and  it  is  probable  that  Samuel  was  a  son  of  either  Ephraim  or  his  brother  John  or  Samuel 
as  they  both  md.  and  had  issue.  Samuel  Buck,  a  descendant,  bn.  Dec.  17,  1734,  md. 
Martha  Bliss  about  1755.  Was  in  Wilmington  in  1790  with  7  other  families  settled  there 
of  Bucks. 

Samuel  Buck,  descendant  of  Emanuel  of  Newington,  md.  for  2nd  wife  Hannah 
Wright.  He  was  bn.  in  1737.  (may  have  been  son  of  Isaac  who  md.  Elizabeth  Wright), 
died  in  1831,  aged  94.  He  lived  with  son  James  in  North  Portland,  had  mills  and  shops 
across  the  Connecticut  river  from  Middletown  and  he  invented  several  household  and 
dairy  machines  and  patents.  They  had  13  children:  1st,  Peletiah.  bapt.  Apl.  3,  1703;  2nd, 
Jeremiah,  bn.  Mar.  20,  1764,  died  Sept.  8,  1834,  at  Stockbridge,  Mass.,  aged  70.  He  md. 
Polly  Butler,  bn.  1705.  She  died  Sept.  3,  1813,  aged  48  years,  issue,  sons:  Gilbert,  bn.  Oct. 
12,  1790,  md.  Abigail  Benton,  had  0  children;  Hastel.  bn.  Mar.  1,  1800,  md.  Harriet  Dunn, 
had  7  children;  Jeremiah.  Jr..  bn.  Feb.  7,  1807,  md.  1st  wife  Mariah  S.  Fairchild  and  had 
2  children,  and  2nd  wife  Sarah  A.  Laffanwell  and  had  6  children.  4  sons:  Anson,  John, 
Andrew  and  James;  3rd,  Hannah,  bn.  Aug.  30,  1767,  md.  David  Brewer  of  Tunbridge, 
Vt. ;  4th,  Isaac,  bn.  Mar.  3,  1772,  md.  and  went  to  Tunbridge,  had  3  children.  Florilla 
died  in  Hartford,  buried  in  Portland  in  1836.  Harriet  moved  to  I^awrenee.  Mass.,  and 
Isaac  md.  and  had  sons:  William,  bn.  1810,  Myron  .1.,  now  living  at  East  Bethel,  and 
George  and  two  daus.  in  East  Randolph,  Vt.;  5th,  James,  bn.  Mar.  27,  1774,  md.  Dec.  24, 
1795,  Ruth,  dau.  of  Thos.  and  Mary  (Goodrich I  Matson,  Jan.  14,  1767.  of  Glastonbury, 
bn.  Feb.  2,  1776,  died  Aug.  12,  1857.  He  died  Jan.  8,  1838,  aged  63;  6th,  Samuel  died 
young:  7th.  Polly,  bn.  Mar.  14.  1778,  md.  Joel  Ranney  and  moved  to  Ohio;  8th,  Samuel 
2nd,  bn.  May  3,  1779,  md.  Ruth  Goodrich.  He  was  ship  carpenter  in  North  East  Portland, 
children:  Florilla.  md.  Daniel  Lincoln  of  Middletown:  Nancy  joined  the  Shakers;  Isaac 
was  a  tinsmith,  died  Jan.  20,  1829;  Anson  md.  and  went  to  New  Haven,  tinsmith,  died 
1840;  Ruben  md.  Julia  Cornwall;  Amy  md.  Timothy  L.  Guss;  Edward  was  a  carpenter, 
died  south;  John,  carpenter  also,  died  in  1839;  Hannah  md.  Anson  Hale  of  Marlboro; 
Sally  and  Daniel  died  young;  9th  and  loth,  Justus  and  Esther  (twins),  bn.  Sept.  3.  1789. 
Justus  died  in  Buffalo.  N.  Y.,  Esther  married  Ezekiel  Goodrich;  11th,  Betsy  md.  Ruben 
Loveland;   12th,  Rose  and  13th,  Sally  have  no  record  of  their  marriage. 

Erastus,  son  of  James  and  Ruth  (Matson)  Buck  of  Portland,  Ct.,  md.  Eunice  Wells 
and  their  son,  Silas,  md.  Prudence  C.  Norton  and  their  dau.,  Alice  md.  D.  Edward  Pen- 
field,  of  Warren,  Worcester  Co.,  Mass. 

John  M.  Buck,  bn.  Mar.  21,  1844,  son  of  Jeremiah  and  Sarah  A.  Laffanwell  and 
grandson  of  Jeremiah  and  Polly  (Butler)  Buck  md.  Hattie,  dau.  of  Benjamin  and 
Margaret  (Herder)  Buck  in  1880.  issue:  Clarence,  bn.  Oct.  16.  1881;  Jessie,  bn.  Feb.  22, 
1884;  and  Clifford,  bn.  July  3,  1S8S.  He  was  first  a  butcher  at  Curtisville,  then  a  large 
farmer  at  North  Stockbridge  and  now,  1910,  a  hardware  and  farming  implements,  paint 
and  grain  merchant  at   Stockbridge. 

Anson  Buck,  son  of  Jeremiah  and  Sarah  A.,  bn.  Mar.  3.  1S39,  md.  Elizabeth  E. 
Parker  and  settled  early  in  Great  Barrington,  built  a  commodious  house  and  barns  and 
in  I860  established  a  "Summer  Resort"  business  running  stages  to  Stockbridge  and 
Lenox  and  surrounding  country  for  the  accommodation  of  his  guests  and  the  traveling 
public  and  so  was  one  of  the  pioneers  of  this  now  immense  business  being  carried  on  In 
that  section.  He  had  3  sons:  Chas.  A.,  Frank  A.,  and  Lewis  P.  Horace  Blake  Buck  of 
Worcester,  Mass.,  who  wrote  the  history  of  the  Samuel  Buck  family  of  Portland,  Ct.,  to 
the  year  1894  (of  which  the  foregoing  is  an  abstract),  was  the  youngest  son,  bn.  Oct.  15, 
1822,  of  a  family  of  12  ;of  James  Buck  and  grandson  of  Samuel  of  Middletown  or  Port- 
land. 

81 


First  Congregational  Church  of  Southington,  Ct.  Daniel  Buck  of  Yale — 1718.  Josiah 
Buck  Family.  Inn  and  Old  Elm.  Hanoi  Buck  Family.  Col.  John  Family.  Settlements. 
Amasa    and    Daniel    Buck,    Sons    of    Elijah.       Settlement    Near    Rochester,    New    York. 

The  first  Congregational  Society  and  Church  of  Southington  (1724)  in  the  township 
of  Farmington,  in  the  county  of  Hartford,  in  the  colony  of  Connecticut,  in  New  England, 
Dec.  23,  1728.  .Mr.  Daniel  Buck  preached  to  them  through  the  winter  of  1721  and  2. 
Mr.  Whitman,  first  pastor,  worshipped  under  the  trees.  First  Sabbath  Day  House,  1724. 
Rev.    Mr,   Curtis  and   Chapman   were   first   ordained   ministers  there. 

Daniel  Buck,  son  of  David  and  Elizabeth  Hulbert  md.  Jan.  14,  1690,  bn.  Sept.  13, 
1695,  in  Weathersfield,  graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1718,  md.  June  11,  1722,  Elizabeth 
Perkins  of  Norwich,  Ct.  He  was  not  ordained  but  preached  to  the  Southington  church 
people  the  winter  of  1721  and  2,  before  church  edifice  was  built.  Had  only  one  child, 
Elizabeth,  bn.  May  11,  1729. 

Josiah  Buck.  Jr..  of  Weathersfield  md.  in  1762,  Hannah  Deane  of  Weathersfield.  dau. 
of  Hon.  Silas  Deane  of  Groton  and  Weathersfield.  Am.  envoy  to  court  of  France.  Mar. 
1776,  sun  born  Dec.  29,  177."i,  whose  descendants  now  reside  there.  He  was  son  of  Joseph 
and   Ann   Demming  of  Boston,  his  wife,  md.   May   28,   1 7 Ml    (  Hinman's  Ct.   Set). 

Josiah  Duck.  Sr.,  md.  Mary  Towner  of  Sherman,  Ct.,  (near  New  Milford,  Ct.).  He 
died  July  15,  1813,  aged  57.  (N.  E.  Hist.  Reg.,  vol.  15,  pages  297  and'  8).  The  first 
settler  of  the  town  of  Elbridge,  Onondaga  Co.,  N.  Y.,  was  Josiah  Buck,  who  located  on 
lot  82  in  1793.  The  old  elm  tree  under  which  he  and  family  of  wife,  son  and  3  daus.,  1790, 
took  shelter  before  their  house  "the  Inn"  was  built  is  still  standing  a  little  west  of  the 
house  of  Col.  John  Munro.  Josiah  Buck  kept  the  first  Inn  in  1793.  He  emigrated  from 
New  Fairfield   (near  Sherman.  Ct.).     (N.  Y.  State  Gazetteer,  page  482). 

Daniel  Buck,  bn.  A  pi.  2:'..  1742.  son  of  Samuel  and  Sarah  House  of  Glastonbury,  md. 
Dec.  2S,  1721,  md.  Sarah  Salstonstall  of  New  London,  Dec.  3,  1775,  dau.  or  sister  of  Gov. 
Gen.  Salstonstall  of  Ct.,  1684-1724.  He  was  a  prominent  citizen  of  Canaan  or  New 
Lebanon,  Columbia  Co..  N.  Y.,  "Kings  District,"  .Dine  24.  1776,  "being  one  of  16  elected 
as  a  committee  to  prepare  a  memorial  and  choose  a  delegate  to  the  provincial  Congress 
recommending  and  asking  that  body  for  the  passage  of  a  Declaration  of  Independence." 
(N.  V.  State  Gazetteer,  page  224). 

Col.  John  Buck.  bn.  July  26,  1731,  son  of  Samuel  and  Sarah  (House)  Buck,  md.  Sarah 
Hurlbut  Feb.  10,  1757.  of  Weathersfield.  was  of  Hebron.  Ct.,  moved  first  to  Rutland  Co., 
Vt.,  and  commanded  at  Hubbardton,  Vt.  Was  ensign  before  Bennington  and  Ticonderoga 
Jan.  30,  1777.  settled  in  Hartford.  Wash.  Co.,  N.  Y.,  after  the  Revolution,  1778  to  9,  was 
there  in  census  of  1790,  had  wife,  2  daus.  and  3  sons.  Dau.  Emmie  md.  Asa  Howe,  a 
Rev.  soldier,  removed  to  Tioga,  Columbia  Co..  Pa.,  after  war.  Sons:  Daniel,  Esq..  lost 
an  arm  in  Battle  of  Bennington  under  Gen.  Stark,  afterward  Congressman.  Enoch  md. 
Betsy  Beebe  of  Hartford  in  1760,  died  in  the  army:  and  David,  many  years  sheriff  of 
Albany  Co.,  N.  Y. 

The  first  settlement  in  the  town  of  Freemont  at  Big  Creek,  Stuben  Co..  N.  Y.,  was 
made  by  Sylvester  Buck  and  Amos  Baldwin  in  1S12,  and  John  A.  Buck  in  1S13  or  14  who 
md.  Rebecca  Baldwin  Aug.  24,  1815,  and  the  first  birth  was  that  of  Chas.  E.  Buck  Nov. 
12,  1816.  Aholiab  and  Elijah  Buck  from  Chemung  Co.,  N.  Y.,  with  wife,  6  sons  and  2 
daus.,  in  1790  settled  on  lot  73,  town  of  Mentz,  Cayuga  Co.,  in  1798.  at  first  known  as 
Bucksville,  8  miles  from  Auburn,  now  Port  Byron,  N.  Y.,  1837,  on  Owasco  Lake  outlet, 
Erie  canal  and  N.  Y.  Cent.  R.  R.     (N.  Y.  State  Gaz..  page  203). 

Benjamin  Buck  md.  Mercy  Parsons,  Dec.  10,  1728,  at  Southington,  Ct.,  was  there  in 
1731. 

Ebenezer  in  1750  and  Stephen  who  md.  Anna  Johnson  Apl.  11,  1703,  at  Weathersfield, 
was  at  Southington  July  IS,  172S.  Ebenzer  Buck  moved  with  his  sons  from  New  Mil- 
ford  to  Salina,  Onondaga  Co.,  N.  Y.,  in  1801.  when  he  was  83.  He  was  son  of  Enoch  and 
Mary  Buck.  md.  Thankful,  dau.  of  Ebenezer  Baldwin  Feb.  29,  1743.  Was  at  Upton, 
Worcester  Co.,  Mass.,  in  179o  with  wife,  3  sons  and  5  daus.  Ebenezer  and  David  settled 
in  "Buck's  settlements"  near  Watkins  and  Bath,  N.  Y.,  and  had  large  families  mostly 
scattered  west.     G.  W.  Buck  a  lawyer  at  Elmira,  N.  Y.,  is  a  descendant. 

Buck  Hill,  now  Rural  Hill,  a  post  village  on  Lake  Ontario  in  Ellisburg.  Jefferson  Co., 
was  first  settled  in  1797  by  Lyman  Ellis  and  a  large  number  of  others  from  Connecticut, 
among  whom  was  Amasa,  son  of  Elijah  Buck  on  the  Ellis  tract  on  the  hill.  Daniel  Buck 
a  son  of  Elijah,  also  settled  in  Monroe  Co.,  on  Lake  Ontario  not  far  from  Rochester  at  a 
place  called  Buck's  Pond  or  Bay  near  lake  shore  in  town  of  Webster,  and  it  is  said  there 
are  many  Bucks  settled  about  Rochester  and  in  Madison  Co.,  at  Eaton  and  Morrisville 
after  1800. 

82 


Win.  and  Lieut.  Wm.  at  BucTcland,  Mass.     Nathan   Emigrated    West.     Buck   Settlement 

There.     Buck  and  Beebe.     Kino's  District.     Samuel  Buck,  son  of  Roger.     Descendants. 

Dr.  C.  F.  Buck  at  Lockport,  X.   V.     Son  of  John  H.  Jonathan.  Son   of  Jonathan   3rd  of 

New  Milford,  of  Monkton.  Vt.,  and  Later  of  Plattsburg,  N.  Y.    other  Bucks. 

William  and  Lieut.  William  Buck  were  at  Buekland  on  Classon  River  10  miles  west 
of  Greenfield,  Franklin  Co.,  Mass.,  in  177G  to  90  and  reported  at  Heath,  near  there,  in 
census  of  1790. 

Nathan  Buck  emigrated  west  from  Wilmington,  Mass.,  with  wife  and  2  sons  after 
1790.  One  son  William  Buck  was  a  farmer  at  Montezuma,  (Poweshiek  Co.  seat)  Iowa, 
afterward  moved  to  Grinnell.  Samuel  a  son,  was  a  teacher  who  died  there.  Another  son, 
William  P.,  was  a  lawyer  at  Grinnell,  la.  There  was  also  a  Buck  settlement  at  Jessup, 
Buchanan  Co.,  Pa.  Francis  Buck,  bn.  May  13,  1758,  md.  1779,  Lucreta  Thayer,  bn.  Apl.  10, 
1702.  They  were  at  Reedsborough,  Bennington  Co.,  Vt.,  in  census  of  1790,  with  3  sons 
and  1  dau.     Chester  C.  Buck  of  Plymouth,  Ind.,  is  a  grandson. 

Ezekiel  Buck,  son  of  Emanuel  and  Sarah,  bn.  June  15,  1650,  md.  Rachel  Beebe  Mar. 
18,  1G79.  Enoch,  son  of  Ezekiel  and  Rachel,  bn.  Apl.  5,  1G83,  md.  Mary,  dau.  of  Samuel 
Beebe  May  2,  1717.  Ezekiel,  son  of  Ezekiel  and  Mary,  bn.  Feb.  2,  1672,  md.  Lydia  Bron- 
son  Dec.  15,  1724,  and  settled  at  Lanesville,  "Great  Buck  Hill,"  and  Long  Meadow,  Ct. 
Their  son  John,  bn.  July  26,  1731,  md.  Elizabeth  Judd  Feb.  10,  1757,  and  resided  in  the 
homestead  and  had  children;  Joel.  Sarah,  Israel,  Lucinda,  Ephraim  and  John. 

Elijah  Bostwick.  Martin  Beebe  and  Daniel  Buck  were  among  the  first  settlers  of 
"King's  District."  Canaan.  N.  Y.,  about  1750.  and  David  Northup  at  New  Milford,  Ct., 
1775.  Samuel  Buck  and  Samuel  Buck,  Jr.,  md.  Elizabeth  Blant  Apl.  27,  1741,  were  at 
North  Sutton  in  1742  and  signed  a  petition  for  division  of  the  town  Sept.  8,  1742.  and 
Samuel  was  also  there  in  1790,  at  Sutton,  Worcester  Co.,  Mass. 

Samuel  Buck.  bn.  Feb.  0.  104::.  eldest  son  of  Roger,  son  of  William,  bn.  in  England  in 
1017,  md.  Abigail  Weyman  July  31,  1090,  and  John  their  second  son,  bn.  Sept.  3.  1644,  mil. 
Rachel  Leavens  Mar.  10,  1070.  Samuel  Buck  a  descendant,  bn.  Dec.  17,  1734,  md.  Martha 
Bliss,  bn.  Mar.  12,  1733,  about  1755,  and  their  son  Benoni  md.  Mary  Leavens  Dec.  5,  1794, 
and  their  son  John  Leavens  Buck,  bn.  Jan.  1,  1802,  md.  Mary  Ann  Hildreth  Nov.  29, 
1820,  and  their  son  John  Hildreth  Buck,  bn.  Nov.  22,  1N27,  md.  Harriet  M.  Fletcher,  bn. 
Apl.  21,  1833,  dau.  of  Champlin  Fletcher  of  Orwell,  Vt.  He  died  at  Lockport,  N.  Y.,  Oct. 
18,  1S92.  They  had  0  children.  4  of  whom  are  now  living,  Champlin  F.  Buck,  M.  ]>..  is:: 
Genesee  St.,  Lockport,  N.  Y.,  being  a  son,  and  Harriet  E.  Buck  of  14:1  High  St.,  Lock- 
port,  N.  Y.,  being  a  daughter. 

Jonathan,  son  of  Jonathan  3rd.  of  New  Milford.  Ct.,  resided  in  Monkton,  Addison 
Co.,  Vt.,  in  1790,  with  wife,  son  and  2  daus. 

Isaac  D.  Buck,  son  of  Jonathan  md.  Lecter  Marsh,  dau.  of  Judge  Robert  Marsh  of 
Hinesburgh,  Vt. 

Daniel  M.  Buck,  son  of  Isaac  D.  of  Williston.  Vt..  ( S.  E.  of  Burlington),  md.  Lucy 
Marshall,  dau.  of  Paul  Marshal]  (native  of  Hinesburgh).  tanner  and  merchant  of  Platts- 
burg, N.  Y.,  died  Sept.  10.  1805,  aged  77  years  and  Rebecca,  1st  wife  of  Paul  Marshall, 
who  died  June  19,  1828,  aged  37,  2nd  wife  Lectur  died  Feb.  16,  1845,  aged  53.  He  died 
July  23.  1840.  aged  27  and  she  md.  2nd  husband  Thos.  Griffin.  They  had  one  dau.  Esther, 
who  md.  William  Weed,  bro.  of  Hon.  Smith  M.  Weed. 

Lectur  M.,  dau.  of  Isaac  D.  and  Lectur  Buck  md.  Mary  Palmer,  sister  of  Judge  Peter 
Palmer,  all  residing  in  Plattsburg,  N.  Y.,  and  buried  there  in  old  part  Riverside  cemetery. 

Edmund  Buck  of  Arlington.  Vt.,  md.  in  1X2N,  Ann,  dau.  of  Lyman  and  Elizabeth 
(Royce)  Noble,  bn.  in  New  Milford,  Ct.,  in  1S05,  and  settled  in  Warsaw,  N.  Y.  Children 
given:  Mary,  bn.  1829,  died:  Ransom,  bn.  1831;  Mary,  bn.  1835;  Rollin,  bn.  1837;  and 
Caroline,  bn.  1843.  C.  H.  Buck,  West  Arlington,  a  descendant.  Benjamin,  Lemuel, 
Robert  and  Ruama  resided  at  Arlington,  Vt.,  with  families  in  census  of  1790. 

Albert  E.  Buck  was  an  extensive  lumberman  of  East  Arlington,  Vt.,  in  1912,  who 
had  a  son  Robert  W.,  a  student  of  forestry  at  Yale  University.  They  had  a  1,200  acre 
tract  of  woodland  in  the  Green  Mountains  at  Winhall,  Bennington  Co..  Vt. 

Wm.  Buck,  son  of  Justus  Jr.,  bn.  July  17,  1801,  d.  1879,  md.  Lucinda  Beach.  Cliil.: 
Justus  d.  1877;  Anson;  Melvina  d.  1914;  Warren;  James  H.  bn.  1S3G;  Canny;  ETalsey 
(killed  in  battle  of  Cold  Harbor)  ;  Wm.  Jr.;  Laura;  Nettie  d.  1870.  James  H.  bn.  Dec.  11, 
1836,  md.  Lydia  Clark,  Jan.,  1S03.  Child;  Hattie  bn.  May  1st.  1870,  md.  Frank  M.  Brig- 
ham,  May  21.  1890.  Chil.:  Irma  bn.  Apl.  25,  1891,  and  Rae  .lames  bn.  June  11.  1894.  Res. 
Lincoln,  Neb.  Melvina  md.  a  Church  and  left  a  son,  Geo.  now  living  in  Florida  and  Laura 
M.,  who  md.  a  Dean  of  Glens  Falls,  N.  Y. 

83 


Arlington,  Bennington  Co.,  Yt.,  Bucks. 

Lemuel,  Jr.,  son  of  Lemuel  and  Bertha  McEwen  of  New  Milford,  Ct,  bn.  Apl.  8th, 
175S,  md.  in  1778,  Phoebe  Buck,  dau.  of  Samuel  and  Phebe  Dayton,  son  of  Moses  and 
Eunic  Treat,  bn.  Dec.  14,  1759,  of  New  Milford.  Ct.,  (see  page  85  and  47).  Their  8 
children  were:  Elijah,  bn.  1779;  Bethia,  bn.  June  17,  1780;  Clara,  bn.  Aug.  13,  1784;  Sam- 
uel, bn.  July  10th,  1780;  Orville,  bn.  Oct.  19,  1794;  Zadoc,  bn.  about  1796;  Robert,  bn.  July 
23,  1799;  Azuba.  bn.  Sept.  6,  1S04. 

Zadoc,  son  of  Lemuel,  Jr.,  and  Phoebe,  bn.  in  Cambridge,  Wash.  Co.,  N.  Y..  at  Ash 
Grove.  179G,  removed  to  Arlington.  Vt.,  and  later  to  Michigan,  where  he  died.  He  md. 
Ruth  Dillon.  Apl.  14,  1819.  Their  8  children  were:  1st,  Edward,  bn.  Jan.  5.  1S20,  died 
Jan.  12.  1901;  2nd.  Lemuel,  bn.  Oct.  19,  1821,  drowned  in  Battenkill  river,  near  Arlington, 
Aug.  21.  1840;  3rd,  Elijah,  bn.  Aug.  17,  1823.  died  in  Michigan.  He  md.  a  White,  no 
children;  4th,  Thomas  Di,  bn.  Oct.  13,  1825,  also  died  in  Michigan.  He  md.  Helen  Amy, 
they  had  one  son  Fred  and  one  dau.;  5th,  William  I..,  bn.  July  3,  1827,  in  Marshall,  Mich. 
He  md.  Henrietta  Wilkinson.  Their  5  children:  Carrie,  Elijah,  Rosa.  Anna  and  Albert 
were  all  living  in  Aug.,  1915;  Gth,  Samuel,  bn.  Nov.  2,  1S29,  at  Arlington:  7th,  Sarah 
Lowe,  bn.  Sept.  27.  is::::,  died  July  1.  1S43;  8th,  Ezra  Hawley,  bn.  Jan.  26,  1836,  died 
Nov.  0,  1904. 

Edward  D.,  son  of  Zadoc  and  Ruth,  md.  Rosetta  Andrew,  Jan.  22,  1843,  at  Arlington. 
She  died  in  1850.  Their  ::  children  were:  1st,  Lemuel  A.,  bn.  Apl.  22,  184G;  2nd,  Sarah 
E.,  bn.  Oct.  27,  1848,  (nnm.l;  3rd,  Charles  E.,  bn.  Aug.  17,  1850,  died  Oct..  1904.  He  md. 
Annette  P.  Parsons,  Oct.  15,  1885. 

Lemuel  A.  I  carpenter  by  trade)  son  of  Edward  and  Rosetta,  md.  Alice  Young  at  Ar- 
lington, June  23,  1874.  Their  4  chil.  are:  1st,  Edward,  bn.  Oct.  21.  1875.  md.  Carrie 
Case.  Apl.  29,  1896,  who  died  Dec.  20,  1906.  Their  children  are:  Mildred  C,  bn.  Feb.  2, 
1901,  and  Jennie  M..  bn.  May  10.  1903.  He  md.  2nd  wife  Mabel  Sculley,  Dec.  31,  1907,  and* 
has  dau.  Alice  P.,  bn.  Feb.  28,  L910.  He  is  town  clerk;  2nd.  Frank  S..  bn.  Dec.  9,  1S77. 
md.  Ida  May  Bingham,  Apl.  25,  1899,  and  have  dau.  Coralie  May.  bn.  Jan.  16,  1901;  3rd. 
Robert  IL.  bn.  Mar.  29,  1891,  md.  Mary  A.  Wheelock,  Sept.  24,  1914:  4th,  tirace  A.,  bn. 
Nov.  30,  1S92,   (unm. ). 

Samuel,  son  of  Zadoc  and  Ruth.  md.  Mary  Cummings.  Their  5  children  were:  1st. 
Rosetta  I  died).  She  was  a  doctor  of  medicine  in  Grand  Rapids,  Mich.;  2nd,  Seraph 
(died);  3rd,  Ruth  (changed  to  Belle),  md.  a  Lovejoy  and  lives  in  Chicago;  4th,  Clara, 
lives  in  Grand  Rapids;  5th,  Lotta,  md.  and  lives  there  too. 

Ezra  Hawley,  son  of  Zadoc  and  Ruth,  md.  Alice  Woodward,  Feb.  4,  1858.  She  re- 
sides with  dau.  Julia  at  East  Arlington.  A  well  preserved  woman.  Their  7  children 
were:  1st,  William  I...  bn.  Feb.  8,  1859,  md.  Martha  Johnson  Feb.  12,  18S4.  She  died 
Feb.  12,  1890.  Their  children  were:  Louis  F.,  bn.  Mar.  29,  1885,  md.  Christina  Hanson 
Sept.  28,  1910,  no  children.  A.  Carlton,  bn.  Feb.  12,  1891  (unm.).  Mae  Irene,  bn.  Sept. 
21,  1894  (unm).  He  md.  2nd  wife  Laura  A.  Parsons  July  14.  1898.  and  lives  in  Troy, 
N.  Y.,  where  he  is  a  practicing  physician.  No  children  by  last  wife;  2nd,  Albert  E.  of 
East  Arlington,  bn.  Aug.  20,  1862,  md.  Fannie  M.  Hard,  Oct.  15.  1895.  Their  children: 
Robert  W.,  bn.  Aug.  21,  1891  i  unm.).  Hallie,  bn.  July,  1894,  died  in  infancy,  and  Maurice 
N.,  bn.  July  2.  1896,  (unm.);  3rd,  Samuel  G.,  bn.  Dec.  20,  1864,  md.  1st,  Lena  Joy,  2nd, 
Clara  Stevens,  Mar.,  ls!»9.  One  dau.  Mildred  E.,  bn.  Apl.,  1902,  lives  in  Troy;  4th.  Julia 
A.,  bn.  May  2,  1867  I  unm.)  lives  in  East  Arlington;  5th,  Sheldon  F..  bn.  Sept.  7,  1869, 
md.  Ella  Fenton,  lives  at  Arlington,  no  children;  6th,  Ruth  A.,  bn.  Mar.  30,  1872,  died 
Oct.  6,  1872;   7th,  Robert  F.,  bn.  Aug.  24.  1876,  died  Feb.  21,  1877. 

Elijah,  son  of  Lemuel,  Jr.,  and  Phebe.  bn.  1779,  md.  Betsy  Young  about  1799,  their 
children  were:  Daniel,  md.  Julia  Lapham  had  dau.  Lena,  md.  William  McDougall;  Mary; 
Margaret,  md.  W.  M.  Valentine,  had  children:  William  and  Mary;  Wesley,  md.  Edna 
Chase,  had  4  daus.;  Mary  J.,  Margaret,  Betsy  Ann,  and  Lucy,  md.  Chas.  Feathers  and 
had  son  Daniel. 

Bethia,  dau.  of  Lemuel,  Jr..  and  Phebe,  bn.  June  17,  1780.  md.  David  Hawlev,  Jan. 
17,  1798,  children:  Lemuel,  bn.  Oct.  27,  1800;  Edward,  bn.  Sept.  15.  1S05;  3d,  Fletcher,  bn. 
Nov.  22,  181 3;   4th.  David,  Jr.,  bn.  Apl.  14,  1820. 

Clara,  dau.  of  Lemuel,  Jr.,  and  Phebe,  bn.  Aug.  13,  1784,  md.  Elisha  Hawley  about 
1804.  children:  1st,  Anson,  bn.  Apl.,  1805;  2nd.  Nathan,  bn.  Jan.  23,  1809;  3rd,  Ezra,  bn. 
Sept.  12,  1813;  4th,  Hiram,  bn.  May  2,  1816;   5th.  Elisha,  bn.  July  13,  1819. 

Samuel,  son  of  Lemuel,  Jr.,  and  Phebe,  bn.  July  10,  1786,  md.  Mina  Andrews,  Mai'. 
20,  1810.  Children:  1st,  Anson,  bn.  Dec.  20.  1S10.  large  farmer  (died  May  10.  1897,  md. 
Oct.  11,  1832,  Laura  Littlefield  bn.  Mar.  4,  1910,  son  Charles  H.,  bn.  Aug.  31,  1835,  died 

84 


Mioses  and  Aaron  Sons  of  Jonathan  Buck.  Families.  Abel  Son  of  Joseph.  Family. 
Enoch   Son    of   Ezekiel.     Family.     Capt.    Wm.    Son   of    Enoch.     Family.     James    Son    of 

Enoch.     Fa  mi  til. 

June  16,  1914,  md.  1st  wife  Anna  Jane  Hovt,  bn.  June  12,  183S,  2nd,  Emily  Benedict,  bn. 
Oct.  15,  1851;  2nd,  Nelson,  bn.  July  30,  1812;  3rd,  Charles  H.,  bn.  Oct.  20,  1814;  4th 
Franklin  B„  bn.  June  21,  1816;  5th,  Auxa,  bn.  Aug.  26,  1819;  6th,  Phebe  M.,  bn.  Apl.  7. 
1822,  md.  a  Clark;  7th,  Clara  H.,  bn.  July  28,  1824;  8th,  Cynthia  Ann,  bn.  Dec.  6,  1826; 
9th,  Minerva  T.,  bn.  Mar.  7,  1833. 

Orvilla,  dau.  of  Lemuel,  Jr.,  and   Phebe,  bn.  Oct.   19,   1794    (num.). 

Robert,  son  of  Lemuel,  Jr.,  and  Phebe,  bn.  July  23,  1799,  md.  Mary  Lendsum  about 
1S20.     Children  were:   Lemuel,  died.  Elisha,  Lemuel   (2nd),  Hellen.  Margaret  and  Henry. 

Azuba.  dau.  of  Lemuel,  Jr.,  and  Phebe,  bn.  Sept.  6,  1804.  md.  Andrew  Hanaman,  Jan. 
14,  1829.  Children:  Lemuel  B.,  bn.  Mar.  22,  1831,  Orwell,  bn.  Oct.  2,  1832,  Caroline  M„  bn. 
Aug.  14,  1834,  Fletcher  0.,  bn.  Sept.  10,  1837,  Alice  C,  bn.  Oct.  6,  1843,  and  Auxa  P.,  bn. 
Dec.  31,  1S45.     This  family  lived  in  Orwell.  Vt. 

Edward  or  Edmund,  son  of  Elijah  and  Betsy  (Young)  Buck,  bn.  Sept.  15,  1805,  at 
Arlington.  Vt..  md.  in  1828,  Ann  dau.  of  Lyman  and  Elisabeth  (Roice)  Noble,  bn.  1805, 
in  New  Milford,  Conn.,  and  settled  in  Warsaw,  county  seat  of  Wyoming  Co.,  N.  Y.,  whose 
children  given  are  Mary,  bn.  1829,  (died)  ;  Ransom,  bn.  1831;  Mary,  bn.  1835;  Rollin,  bn. 
1837;  Lyman  1840;   and  Caroline,  bn.  1843. 

John,  son  of  Joseph  Buck,  bn.  1784,  pharmacist,  Chelsea,  Mass.,  twice  married,  had 
10  children,  oldest  John,  another  William  and  son,  Theodore  H.  Buck,  lumber  dealer. 
Chestnut  St..  Chelsea.  Mass.,  a  suburb  of  Boston,  are  descendants  of  Ephraim,  son  of 
Roger  of  William  of  England  and  Buck  family  in  this  country. 

From    Samuel    Orcutt's    History    of    New    Milford    and    Bridgewater,    Ct..    1703-1882. 

Buck,  Moses,  son  of  Jonathan  and  Mary  Buck  md.  Eunice  Miles  Sept.  29,  1730.  she 
died  Nov.  19,  1732,  one  son  Samuel,  bn.  Nov.  19.  1732,  md.  Phebe  Dayton,  May  12,  1750, 
she  died  Nov.  26,  1761.  He  md.  2nd  wife  Mehitable  Macoy  July  1,  17(12,  children:  Molly, 
bn.  June  5,  1758;  Phoebe,  Dec.  14,  1759;  Falley,  Oct.  26,  1767;  and  Daniel,  Aug.  14,  1769,  of 
Killingly,  Ct.,  about  1782. 

Aaron,  bn.  1720,  son  of  Jonathan  and  Mary  Buck,  md.  Abigail  Bostwick  June  24, 
1750,  and  son  Aaron,  Jr.,  bn.  1759,  md.  Charlotte  Rounds. 

Abel,  son  of  Joseph  and  Ann  (Gould)  Buck,  bn.  Sept.  23,  1736,  md.  Thankful  Northup, 
Sept.  20,  1755,  son  of  Abel,  Jr.,  bn.  1756,  and  dau.  Anna,  bn.  Nov.  9,  1760. 

Enoch  Buck,  son  of  Ezekiel  of  Weathersfield.  bn.  Apl.  5,  1083,  md.  Mary,  dau.  of 
Samuel  Beebe  of  New  Milford  May  2nd,  1717,  and  afterward  settled  on  place  he  bought 
of  Jonathan.  They  had  14  children:  Ebenezer,  bn.  Jan.  s,  171i>,  md.  Thankful,  dau.  of 
Ebenezer  Baldwin  Feb.  29,  1743,  and  removed  to  Salina,  N.  Y..  in  1801.  Ebenezer  and 
wife  Deborah  transferred  land  in  Lanesboro.  Berkshire  Co.,  Mass.,  to  Ebenezer,  Jr.,  in 
Jan.  20,  1785.  Grace,  bn.  Jan.  22,  1719,  md.  Samuel  Baldwin,  Oct.  31,  1739.  Hannah,  bn. 
Nov.  26,  1744,  md.  as  2nd  wife  Capt.  Mathew  Hawley,  Dec.  3,  1740.  Enoch,  bn.  Dec.  5, 
1747.  Gilbert,  bn.  Oct.  31,  1749,  removed  to  Salina,  1801,  and  Philander,  bn.  Feb.  29, 
1743,  md.  Esther  Bennitt  Aug.  18,  1799,  and  in  1801  removed  there  also.  Abigail,  bn.  June 
11,  1722,  md.  James  Turrill.  William,  bn.  Mar.  23,  1723.  James,  bn.  Mar.  24,  1725. 
Rachel.  Apl.  1,  1730.  Jacob,  Feb.  29,  1732.  Dorothy,  Oct.  10,  1734.  Daniel,  bn.  Feb.  28, 
1730  and  Jerusa,  Aug.  15,  1739.  He  was  at  New  Milford  in  1790  with  2  sons  and  3  daus. 
She  died  before  and  he  removed  to  Salina.  Onondaga  Co.,  N.  Y.,  in  1801,  when  he  was 
83  with  his  sons. 

Capt.  William,  son  of  Enoch  and  Mary  Buck,  md.  Deborah,  dau.  of  Eliab  Farnum  of 
Norwich  and  resided  in  New  Milford.  He  moved  to  Wyoming,  Penn..  about  1708,  where 
he  was  appointed  captain  of  militia  and  was  slain  in  the  Indian  and  Tory  massacre  at 
that  place  in  1778.  His  family  fled  on  foot  to  Connecticut  but  returned  to  their  farm 
after  the  close  of  the  Revolutionary  War.  The  Bucks  of  Pennsylvania  and  New  York 
State  are  said  to  be  largely  descended  from  this  family.  Only  two  children  are  found 
on  the  New  Milford  records:   Abiel.  bn.  July  12.  1745,  and  Mary,  bn.  Nov.  2,  1740. 

James,,  son  of  Enoch  and  Mary  md.  Elizabeth,  dau.  of  William  Sherman  Feb.  25,  1748. 
She  was  sister  to  Roger  Sherman,  bn.  July  17.  1723,  and  died  Jan.  9,  1793,  in  her  70th 
year.  He  died  Jan.  28,  1793,  aged  67  years,  issue  9  children:  Ruth,  bn.  Dec.  28,  1749, 
died  Jan.  20,  1830.  aged  SO,  unmarried;  Samuel  Beebe,  bn.  Sept.  21,  1751;  Mehitable,  bn. 
Dec.  6,  1753,  md.  Samuel  Gregory;  Josiah,  bn.  Jan.  25.  1756;  Jerusa,  bn.  Mar.  1,  175S,  md. 
Ebenezer  Sanford;  Elizabeth,  bn.  Feb.  14.  1760.  md.  John  Turrill;  Aseph,  bn.  Aid.  21. 
1762;  Salmon,  bn.  May  19,  1766;  and  Hannah,  bn.  May  15.  17HN,  md.  Jared  Turrill. 

85 


Daniel  Son  'if  Enoch.     Family.     Samuel  Beebe  Son  of  James.     Family.    Joshth.  Asepli. 
W'm.    8.,    salmon.     Families.     EzeTciel,   Abishur,    Ephraim,   John.     Families. 

Daniel,  son  of  Enoch  and  Mary  Buck,  bn.,  1736,  rail.  Ann  Denton  of  Nine  Partners 
Dec.  9,  175C.  Held  town  offices  in  New  Milford  and  removed  to  Vermont,  was  major  in 
military  service,  children:  Icahod,  bn.  Nov.  25,  1757;  Rachel,  bn.  Feb.  12,  1700;  and 
Benjamin,  bn.  Nov.  21,  1702. 

Samuel  Beebe,  son  of  James  and  Elizabeth  Buck,  md.  Hannah  Fairchild  Aug.  31, 
1775,  and  settled  in  New  Preston  Society,  a  deacon  of  the  church,  and  died  Mar.  26,  1834, 
aged  83.  She  was  born  Feb.  20,  IT.".::,  died  Sept.,  1N25,  aged  72,  had  8  children:  Thilda. 
bn.  Jan.  17.  1778,  md.  Benjamin  Stone;  Tryphena,  bn.  Apl.  10,  17711,  md.  Asahel  Baldwin, 
Jr.,  removed  to  Delaware  Co.,  N.  Y.;  Lucy,  bn.  Mar.  18.  1781,  md.  Ephraim  Sterling; 
James  Beebe.  bn.  June  13,  1784,  died  Jan.  23,  1811,  at  26;  Elizabeth,  bn.  Dec.  18.  1787.  md. 
William  Camp  in  Roxbury,  died  in  18G3;  Alma.  bn.  Dec.  18,  1787,  died  July  17,  1802; 
Electa,  bn.  July  6,  1792,  md.  Isaac  Dayton  Apl.  15,  1813;  Cyrus  Curtis,  bn.  Aug.  21,  1795, 
md.  Laura  Newton  Apl.  30,  1833,  died  Aug.  2".   1844,  aged  49. 

Josiah,  son  of  James  and  Elizabeth  md.  Mary  Towner  resides  in  Sherman.  He  died 
July  15,  1813,  aged  57.  Children:  Betsy  md.  Joel  Dutton,  died  in  Onondaga  Co.,  N.  Y., 
left  no  children;  Sally  md.  Nathan  Waldo,  reside  in  Oneida  Co.,  N.  Y.,  had  2  children; 
Philomela  md.  Jonathan,  son  of  Eli  Geddings  in  Sherman;  Chloe,  md.  William  Duncan, 
reside  in  Oneida  Co.,  had  5  children;  Mercia  mil.  Pitts  Dodge,  reside  in  Oneida  Co.,  had  10 
children;  Towner  md.  Clarissa  Fuller,  had  2  children,  died  in  Ohio;  Delia  md.  Dr.  Sedg- 
wick of  Oneida  Co.,  and  had  children. 

Aseph,  son  of  James  and  Elizabeth  md.  Phebe  Wainwright  of  Stratford,  Ct.,  Sept. 
7.  L788,  resided  in  New  Preston,  removed  to  Otsego  Co.,  N.  Y.,  about  1800.  He  died  Mar. 
10,  184S.  aged  86.  Children:  Sabra,  bn.  July  2:;.  1789,  died  unmarried;  Elijah  Sherman, 
bn.  June  14.  171)1,  md.  and  removed  to  Batavia,  X.  Y.,  had  6  children;  Rev.  Josiah  Judson, 
bn.  Mar.  3,  1794,  md.  and  was  Presbyterian  pastor  at  Jewett,  Greene  Co.,  N.  Y.,  had  S 
children:  Hariah,  bn.  Aug.  12,  1797.  unmarried;  Harriet,  bn.  Dee.  20,  1800;  and  Homer 
md.  and   lived  on  the  old  homestead  in  New   Preston  and   had  children. 

William  Sherman,  son  of  James  and  Elizabeth  Buck  md.  Barentha  York,  removed  to 
Seneca  Co..  N.  Y..  about  1815,  removed  to  Buck,  on  Ohio  river,  Switzerland  Co.,  Ind. 
He  died  Aug.  4,  1843,  at  79  years.  They  had  12  children.  Betsy  md.  a  Gazley  and  resided 
in  Cincinnati.  Hiram  was  a  lawyer  at  Rising  Sun,  cap.  Ohio  Co.,  on  Ohio  river,  Ind.; 
and  Aholiab,  a  farmer  at  Buck,  Hamilton  Co.,   111.,   in   1856. 

Salmon,  son  of  James  and  Elizabeth  md.  Urana,  dau.  of  Lyman  Beecher,  Mar.  5.  1794, 
resided  in  his  father's  homestead.  He  died  Aug.  In,  L851,  aged  S5.  She  died  Dec.  9, 
1836  at  92.  Their  sons  were:  Theodore,  bn.  Jan.  5.  1795,  and  Seymour,  bn.  June  27,  L801. 
There  was  also  a  Buck  widow  Thankful,  and  Abel  and  Anna,  twins,  bapt.  Mar.  9,  1760. 

Ezekiel,  son  of  Ezekiel  came  from  Weathersfield  to  Litchfield  and  thence  to  New 
Milford,  md.  Lydia  Brownson  Dee.  l.",.  1724.  lie  settled  at  Lancsville  and  died  May  10, 
1745,  she  died  Jan.  3,  L768,  they  had  8  children:  Abishur,  bn.  Nov.  10,  1725,  at  Litchfield; 
Experience,  bn.  June  28,  1727;  Ephraim,  bn.  Sept.  25,  1729;  John,  bn.  July  20,  1731; 
Lydia,  bn.  Apl.  27,  1733;  Sarah,  bn.  Oct.  5,  1735;  Bariah,  bn.  Oct.  25,  1738;  and  Rebecca, 
bn.  June  7,  1741,  md.  Simeon  Baldwin. 

Abishur.  son  of  Ezekiel  and  Lydia  Buck  md.  Esther  Clinton.  Sept .  25,  1750,  and  had 
children:  Joseph,  bn.  Feb.  1,  1754;  Abishur,  bn.  Mar.  29,  1757.  died  Mar.  2::.  17011,  at  3 
years;  and  Sibyl,  bn.  Oct.  9,  1760. 

Ephraim,  son  of  Ezekiel  and  Lydia  Buck  md.  1st,  Sarah  Camp,  June  23,  1758,  she 
died  July  7,  1702.  He  md.  2nd,  .Miriam  Benton.  Feb.  2.  1763.  He  md.  3rd,  Sarah  Stevens, 
Nov.  2S,  1770.  She  died  Mar.  26,  1799.  He  mil.  Ith,  Mrs.  Ann,  widow  of  James  Beers. 
Feb.  27,  1800.  He  died  On.  20,  L802,  aged  70.  Children:  Miriam,  bn.  Dec.  10,  1759;  and 
Sarah,  bn.  May  22.  L762,  md.  John  Stevens  and  died  Mar.  30,  1844,  by  1st  wife.  Ezekiel. 
bn.  Mar.  5,  1764;  Benton,  bn.  Sept.  23,  1765;  Rachel,  bn.  Feb.  25.  1767;  Ephraim.  bn.  Nov. 
14.  177:!.  dieil  Jan.  1779;  and  Polly,  bn.  Feb.  0,  1770.  by  2nd  wife,  when  the  mother  died, 
Jan.  21,  1779,  in  3rd  year. 

John,  son  of  Ezekiel  and  Lydia  Buck  md.  Elizabeth  Judd,  Feb.  16,  1757,  and  resided 
on  his  father's  homestead  until  he  sold  it  to  Lazarus  Ruggles  in  1775.  Children:  1st, 
Joel,  bn.  June  4,  1758,  md.  Huldah  Bostwick  of  Sharon.  July  2.  177N.  and  had  Betsy,  bn. 
Aug.  14,  1779;  Salmon  Bostwick,  bn.  Aug.  2,  1781;  and  Ephraim,  bn.  June  6,  1784.  md. 
Mary  Baker  of  St.  Albans,  Vt.,  (for  the  other  4  boys  see  page  74)  ;  2nd,  Sarah,  bn.  Mar 
3,  1761;  3rd  Israel,  bn.  May  7,  1762,  md.  Phebe.  dau.  of  Aaron  and  Elizabeth  (Knowls) 
Benedick  on  Feb.,  1762;    Ith.  Lueinda.  bn.  July  21,  17C7;  and  5th,  John,  bn.  Sept.  0,  177:1. 

86 


Aaron  Buck,  a  Rev.  Soldier  with  Washington,  1116-8.  Family.  Aaron  Sd  and  Family. 
Mary  Lyon.  Founder  of  Mt.  Holyoke  Seminary  a  Descendant.  Geo.  W.  and  Sarah  (In- 
galls)    Buck.     Edward    C.    and   Martha    (Roberts)    Buck.     Geo.    W„   Jr.     Families.     Col. 

John  Buck. 

Aaron  Buck,  son  of  Aaron  and  Abigail  (Bostwick)  of  New  Milford,  Ct,  bn.  in  1759, 
died  in  1840,  aged  81,  at  Killingly,  Windham  Co.,  Ct.  Was  there  on  old  farm  in  census  of 
1790,  with  wife,  3  sons  and  2  daus.  Ezra  and  Aaron,  17S9;  George,  1792.  Aaron  and 
Rubin,  1792.  Aaron,  1797,  and  John,  1798,  came  from  Canaan,  Ct.,  and  settled  in  Still- 
water, Saratoga  Co.,  N.  Y.  Mary,  wife  of  Aaron  Buck,  received  in  Congregational  Church, 
June  15,  1808,  there.  Aaron  was  a  Rev.  soldier  with  rank  of  sergeant  and  was  with 
Washington  in  crossing  the  Delaware  Christmas  night,  Der.  25,  1776,  and  Jan.  3,  1777, 
and  at  Valley  Forge  through  that  terrible  winter  of  sufferings,  177S.  Was  wounded  in 
leg  by  Hessian  bullet  in  Battle  of  Trenton,  1770,  but  was  at  Princeton,  N.  J.,  1777.  Is 
buried  in  Westfleld  cemetery,  Danielson,  Ct.  He  md.  Charlotte  Rounds  of  Killingly  about 
17X2,  children,  0:  Charlotte,  bn.  17X4;  Aaron,  bn.  1780;  Barney,  bn.  1787;  Amy,  1788; 
Rounds,  bn.  17X9;  and  Richard  Fay,  bn.  1792. 

Aaron  and  Barney  md.  the  Sprague  sisters,  a  New  England  family  of  note  (see  Int. 
Cycle,  vol.  13,  page  742).  Aaron  md.  Mercy,  dau.  of  William  Sprague,  they  had  11 
children:  1st,  Almira,  bn.  Oct.  10,  1809,  md.  Lyman  Snow  of  Ware,  Mass.,  died  in  Geneseo, 
Henry  Co..  111.;  2nd,  Clementine,  bn.  Mar.  25,  1811,  md.  John  Davis  of  Ware,  and  died 
there;  3rd,  Sarah  E.,  bn.  May  in,  1813,  md.  Andrew  Martin  of  Thompson,  Ct.,  and  is 
buried  there;  4th,  George  Washington,  bn.  Mar.  28,  1815,  md.  1st,  Sarah  Ingals;  2nd. 
Mary  Arnold.  He  died  June  10,  1879;  5th,  Dianna,  bn.  Aug.  5,  1817,  md.  Harvey  Craine. 
died  in  Geneseo,  111.;  6th,  Emily,  bn.  Oct.  Id.  1X19,  md.  for  2nd  wife  John  Davis  of  Ware, 
died  in  Geneseo.  111.;  7th.  Alexander,  bn.  Sept.  15,  1821,  was  killed  in  his  saw  mill  in 
Woodstock,  Ct..  in  1S78;  8th,  Olive,  bn.  in  Pomfret,  Ct.,  Aug.  8,  1X23,  md.  Lyman  I. yon  of 
Woodstock,  died  in  Geneseo.  111.  Their  dau.  Mary  Lyon,  1797-1S49,  joined  Congregational 
Church  in  Buckland,  Mass.,  1X22,  and  established  schools  there  and  at  Ashfield  later  and 
founded  Mt.  Holyoke  Seminary,  South  Hadley,  Mass.,  1837  (see  Int.  Cycle,  vol.  9,  page 
261  and  vol.  10,  pages  259-60);  9th  Hannah,  bn.  Feb.  26,  1826,  md.  Seneca  B.  Congdon 
and  lives  in  Lancaster,  N.  H.;  10th,  John  G,  bn.  Feb.  14,  1828,  md.  1st,  Clara  Arnold,  2nd, 
Elizabeth  Place,  died  in  Eastford,  Ct. ;  and  11th,  Philinda  W.,  bn.  Jan.  2,  1831,  md.  Henry 
Corbin  of  Union,  Ct.,  died  in  1908.  The  first  7  children  were  bn.  in  Killingly,  the  other  4 
in  Pomfret,  Ct.,  where  he  removed  in  1722. 

Geo.  Washington  and  Sarah  (Ingals)  Buck,  5  children  were:  (1)  Edward  Clinton, 
bn.  in  Pomfret,  Mar.  30,  1844;  (2)  George  W..  bn.  July  12,  1X45,  by  2nd  mar.  with  Mary 
Arnold;  (3)  Clara  W.,  bn.  May  9,  1X53,  died  1902;  (4)  Lyra  S.,  bn.  June  29,  1800;  (5) 
Frank  W.,  bn.  Apl.  21,  180G,  died  young. 

Edward  C.  was  at  Nichols  Academy  for  a  year  when  17  years  old.  At  18  he  enlisted 
and  was  in  Co.  D,  18th  Reg.  Conn.  Vol.  Inft.  during  Civil  War.  Was  chief  clerk  of  med. 
purveyors  for  several  months,  taken  prisoner  at  Battle  of  Winchester,  Va.,  in  June  1863, 
and  with  about  500  others  of  his  regiment  sent  to  I  ibby  Prison  and  Belle  Isle.  At  close 
of  war  entered  business  college  and  took  a  mercantile  course.  Engaged  in  business  in 
Danielson,  Ct.,  for  14  years.  In  L883,  located  in  Winsted,  Ct,  and  remained  until  his 
death  Jan.  23.  1905.  A  moral,  correct  and  worthy  man.  In  1868,  he  md.  Martha  Roberts 
of  New  Hartford,  Ct.  Their  children  were:  Clinton  Chester,  bn.  in  Danielson,  Ct,  Feb. 
3,  1871,  is  a  successful  druggist,  118  Main  St.,  Winsted,  Ct„  a  prominent  Odd  Fellow 
throughout  the  state  and  a  32nd  degree  Mason,  and  Frederic  Earl,  an  Episcopal  clergy- 
man, bn.  Jan.  16,  1876.     Both  are  unmarried. 

Geo.  W.,  Jr.,  was  a  soldier  in  the  Civil  War.  He  md.  Susan  Williams  of  Pomfret,  Ct. 
Their  children  were:  Herbert,  who  lives  in  California,  fruit  grower  and  shipper,  Vacaville, 
Solono  Co.,  and  Gertrude  who  lives  with  her  father  in  Milford,  Mass. 

Clara  Buck,  md.  Worthington  Arnold,  their  child,  Alice  M.,  lives  with  her  father  in 
Dudley,  Mass. 

Barney  Buck,  who  md.  Amy  Sprague  have  x  children,  as  follows:  Warren,  Hiram, 
Henry,  Caroline,  Abigail.  Barney,  Aaron  and  William.  (We  are  indebted  to  C.  C.  Buck 
of  Winsted,  Ct,  for  this  family  history). 

Col.  John  Buck,  son  of  Ezekiel  2nd  and  l.ydia  Brownson  of  New  Milford,  bn.  July 
26,  1731,  md.  Sarah  Hurlbut,  Feb.  10,  1757,  of  Wethersfield  and  settled  in  Hartford, 
Wash.  Co.,  N.  Y.,  in  1764,  and  died  1795  after  Revolution.  Had  sons:  Capt.  John,  1786, 
a  Lieut.  Col..  1792  to  1797,  resigned.  Wash.  Co.  Militia,  N.  Y.  State,  md.  about  1777,  Zariah 
Norton  of  Litchfield,  Ct,  and  resided  at  first  in  Lenox,  Mass.,  and  1777,  Bennington,  Vt, 

87 


Col.  John  Buck.     Revolutionary   Service.     Land   Bounty  Rights.     Perigreine,   Son.   also 
in  Rev.     Family,     tngalls  K.  Buck,  in  Hardware  and  Fruit  Groiving  Business. 

and  had  sons:  Perigreine,  bn.  Nov..  175* ;  Enoch,  1760,  md.  Betsy  Beebe  of  Hartford, 
was  a  carpenter  and  his  son  John  of  Lysander,  Onondaga  Co.,  md.  Abigail  Arnold  of  New 
Haven,  Ct.;  and  Moses,  bn.  17(14,  md.  Jane  Harvey  and  dans.:  Sarah,  1775,  md.  Clark 
Kidder:  Sophia,  md.  Dr.  John  M.  West,  of  Litchfield,  Ct.,  and  Abigail,  bn.  1785,  md. 
Jabez  Norton  of  Hartford,  N.  Y.,  May  19,  1835.  Buck's  estate  settled  in  1835.  John 
purchased  land  in  Hartford  of  Jabez  Norton,  50  acres,  June  (i,  1796,  and  sold  the  same  to 
Enoch,  May  19,  1835.  Enoch  was  in  Rev.  mil.  service,  and  Moses  and  John  at  Still- 
water and  John  at  Easton  and  Queensbury  with  families  in  census  of  1790  (see  pages  121, 
123  and  127).  Nicholas  Norton  was  at  Weymouth,  Mass.,  in  1639.  John,  son  of  Nicholas 
was  bn.  in  1674.  John  2nd  in  census  of  1790,  was  at  Worthington,  Mass.,  with  wife,  2 
sons  and  dau.  Jabes,  son  of  Nicholas  was  at.  Edgartown  still  earlier.  (Gen.  Norton). 
After  Revolution.  1775-1784,  Col.  John  Buck  was  settled  in  Westfield  now  Hartford,  Wash. 
Co.,  N.  Y.,  "having  land  bounty  rights  of  1,000  acres"  granted  May  2,  17G4.  (see  Gaz.  N. 
Y.  State,  page  GS4),  and  was  there  in  census  of  1790  with  wife,  3  sons  and  2  daus.  He 
died   in   1795,  and  Enoch  and  John  removed  to  Onondaga  Co.,  N.  Y.,  near  Syracuse. 

Col.  John  and  son  Perigreine  were  both  in  the  13th  N.  Y.  Reg.,  Albany  Co.,  Saratoga 
Dist,  in  1778,  of  enlisted  men  and  son  John,  ensign  was  at  Rochester,  Monroe  Co..  re- 
cruiting officer  in  Jan.,  1777,  and  settled  at  Stillwater,  Saratoga  Co.,  after  the  war  in 
17SG  and  was  there  in  census  of  1790  with  wife,  3  sons  and  2  daus.,  finally  removing  to 
Syracuse.  Perigreine  md.  at  Adams,  Mass.,  Oct.  31,  17N7,  Abigail,  dau.  of  Dr.  David  and 
Sarah  (Peck)  Brown,  bn.  at  Cumberland.  R.  I.,  July  25,  1770,  and  lived  in  Weston,  Mid- 
dlesex Co.,  Mass.  In  1800  removed  with  his  family  to  Monroe  Co.,  N.  Y.,  in  the  Genesee 
river  valley  near  Rochester.  Perigreine  died  Sept.  18.  1822,  at  Penfield,  Monroe  Co.,  and 
wife  Abigail  died  in  Hudson,  Mich.,  in  Dec.  1848.  They  bad  14  children,  7  sons  and  7 
daus.  viz.:  1st,  James,  bn.  1787,  md.  Mary  Puller,  died  Feb.  22.  1X29;  2nd,  Cyntba,  bn. 
Aug.  15,  1790,  md.  in  June.  1819,  Noah  Aldrich  Smith  of  Farmington,  Ontario  Co.,  N.  V. 
(named  from  Farmington.  Ct.),  bn.  in  Weston,  Mass.,  in  178S,  son  of  Chas.  Smith  and 
l.vdia  Aldrich  of  Gloucester,  Providence,  R.  I.  He  died  in  May.  1827,  and  she  md.  2nd  at 
Lockport,  N.  Y..  Stephen  Mott,  who  died  at  Battle  Creek.  Mich.,  in  1848.  She  died  Nov. 
13,  1852.  at  Muscatine,  Iowa,  issue:  Juliett  Frances,  bn.  July  17,  1822,  died,  1905,  md. 
Nathan  Fitch  of  Lockport,  N.  Y.  Only  child,  Harriet  Mariah,  md.  Albert  Swan,  and 
their  dau.  Harriet  Mariah,  md.  Chas.  K.  Cadle  of  Muscatine,  Iowa,  and  later  Bethany, 
Mo.;  3rd,  Electa,  bn.  1798,  md.  James  Allen,  moved  in  1822  to  Ashtabula  Co.,  Ohio;  4th, 
Addison  Noble,  bn.  in  Willianistown,  Berkshire  Co..  Mass.,  Aug.  30,  1795.  came  to  Wash. 
Co.,  N.  Y.  Removed  to  Farmington,  Ont.  Co..  N.  Y„  1815.  Died  Nov.  17.  1843,  at 
Shortsville,  Ont.  Co.,  N.  Y.,  md.  at  Manchester,  Ont.  Co..  N.  Y.,  June  21,  1818,  Sabrina 
Esther  Short  and  had  children:  Alexis  Cuyler,  bn.  in  Manchester,  June  25,  1814,  died  in 
Shortsville,  Jan.  5,  1906,  md.  Mary  A.  Mills  Sept.  25,  1844,  issue:  Cameron  Alexis,  bn. 
July  31,  1849,  and  Orrin  Chas.,  bn.  Mar.  20,  1851,  md.  Sarah  Buck,  is  a  merchant  at 
Shortsville,  N.  Y. ;  Clarrisa  Cordelia,  bn.  Mar.  19,  1S21  ;  Leonard  Mortimer  Sept.  1.  1823; 
Caroline  Eliza  Dec.  18,  1825;  Harriet  S.  Jan.  5.  1828;  Addison  Tbeophilus  June  16,  1832; 
Myron  Mason  Jan.  17,  1835,  md.  and  had  dau..  Mary,  md.  B.  F.  Horkett,  of  Webb  City, 
Mo.,  chil.:  Myron  Buck  and  Ursulia,  died  Mar.  30,  1906,  at  Clifton  Springs,  Mo.;  5th 
George,  bn.  in  1797,  at  Farmington,  N.  Y.,  died  there  May  31st.  1830,  md.  Mary  Ann 
Skinner;  6th  Sarah,  bn.  in  1800  died  May  23.  1878,  md.  Hiram  Kidder,  died  in  Hudson, 
Mich.;  7th  Perigreine,  bn.  1802,  in  Farmington.  N.  Y.,  md.  1st  Mercy  Ladd,  children; 
Lyman  Spaulding,  bn.  1822  and  Perigreine  1S24.  removed  to  Lexington,  Mo.,  where  he 
bad  large  family  of  children  by  2d  wife;  8th  Moses  Harvey,  bn.  in  Farmington.  1804, 
died  in  Delaware,  md.  brother  David's  widow  in  Edgar  Co.,  111.;  9th  Sophia,  bn.  1806  in 
Farmington,  died  April.  1867,  in  Mich.,  md.  Hesikiah  Inther;  10th  David,  bn.  in  1808  in 
Farmington,  md.  Mary  Olmstead  in  Coles  Co..  111.;  11th  Almedia.  bn.  1810,  died  in  in- 
fancy; 12th  Abigail,  bn.  Mar.  2,  1812,  died  Nov.  9,  1870,  in  Mich.,  md.  Daniel  Dean  in 
1843,  has  son  and  dau.  living  in  Mich.;  13th  Peter  Smith,  bn.  Jan.  4,  1814,  died  1894,  md. 
Eliza  Fisher  and  had  sons  Ulysses,  Marcellus  and  Winfield  Scott;  and  14th  Jane 
Louisa,  bn.  April  19,  1816,  died  Mar.,  1891,  md.  Judson  Owens  of  Mich. 

Ingalls  K.  Buck,  son  of  John,  was  one  of  a  family  of  4  and  the  brother  of  William 
U.  and  Melvin  and  cousin  of  the  late  California  Senator,  L.  W.  Buck.  He  was  bn.  in 
Truxton,  Courtland  Co.,  N.  Y  .  April  11,  1830.  md.  Sarah  E.  Councilman  in  1853,  and 
went  west  in  1S55  and  settled  in  Port  Huron,  Mich.,  for  4  years  in  hardware  business,  re- 
moved to  Iroqua.  Wis.,  in  1859  and  engaged  in  same  business  for  10  years.  In  1869  re- 
moved to  El  Dorado,  Iowa,  for  10  years.     In  1879  removed  again  toward  setting  sun  to 


Ingalls  K.  Sons.  Enoch  Hon  of  Ezekiel  of  New  Milford.  Wm..  Son  of  Enoch.  Sad 
History.  Family.  Elijah  Son  of  Wm.  Family.  Aholiab,  Son  of  Elijah.  Hon.  John  F. 
Son  of  Aholiab.      Family.     John   S.   Son    of  John  F.      Family.      Her.   Sylvester  Buck. 

Bucks  of  Susquehanna  Co..  Pa. 

new  town  Sioux  Falls,  South  Dakota,  and  from  thence  to  Vacaville,  Solano  Co.,  Cal.,  in 
1885,  where  he  was  engaged  in  orcharding  and  fruit  business  in  Vaco  valley.  He  died 
Nov.  4,  1913,  at  the  home  of  his  dau.,  Mrs.  H.  A.  Fairbank  in  Sacramento,  Cal.,  and  is 
buried  in  Eastlawn  Cem.  Mr.  Buck  was  a  prominent  mason  and  had  traveled  and 
lectured  in  its  interests,  and  was  high  priest  and  past  master  of  Vacaville  lodges  at 
time  of  his  death.  "He  was  a  good  man."  His  sons  are  Frank  Herbert  Buck,  Merced, 
Merced  Co.,  Cal.,  has  no  children;  and  Charles,  has  3  children:  sons,  Herbert  and  George, 
extensive  fruit  growers  and  shippers  at  Vacaville,  Cal.,  and  dau.  Eugenia,  who  md.  H.  A. 
Fairbank  and  have  one  child. 

Enoch,  son  of  Ezekiel,  bn.  April  5.  1683,  md.  Mary,  dau.  of  Samuel  Beebe  of  Newing- 
ton.  May  2d,  1717,  moved  to  New  Milford,  Ct.,  and  had  large  family.  Son,  William,  bn. 
in  1723,  md.  Deborah,  dau.  of  Eliab  Farnum  of  Preston,  Ct,  des.  of  Ralph  of  Andover. 
Mass.,  and  resided  in  New  Milford  in  1744.  He  moved  to  Wyoming  Valley,  north  eastern 
Pennsylvania  about  1763  and  was  appointed  captain  of  militia,  was  slain  in  Tory  and 
Indian  massacre  of  July  3d,  1778,  aged  60  years.  (Miner's  Hist,  of  Wyoming,  with  Ap- 
pendix). The  family  fled  to  Connecticut  but  went  back  after  the  war.  Some  of  the 
Bucks  of  Pennsylvania  and  New  York  states  are  of  this  family. 

His  children  were  Asahel,  Aholiab,  (Capt.  Aholiab  was  also  killed  in  battle  at 
Wyoming  with  William,  a  fifer,  the  young  son  of  14  of  Asahel. — Miner).  Deborah  and 
Elijah  a  lieutenant,  who  md.  Margaret  Foster  of  New  Milford  in  1780  and  returned  to 
Kingston  near  Wyoming  and  Wilkes-Barre,  Luzerne  Co.,  Penn.,  after  the  conflict.  He 
had  a  large  family.  His  children  were:  William  Elijah,  died  aged  75;  Aholiab,  bn. 
1792;  Margaret,  bn.  Jan.  1st,  1790,  md.  Eleazer  Owens  about  1800;  Reuben;  Thomas; 
John;  Matilda;  Asahel;  and  Abner.  He  moved  to  Chemung  Co.,  N.  Y.,  before  1790  and 
from  there  to  Bucksville,  6  miles  from  Auburn,  N.  Y.,  in  1798  where  he  died  aged  81. 
Aholiab,  bn.  1792,  md.  Annis,  dau.  of  Benjamin,  son  of  John  Drake  of  Bucksville,  Aug. 
10th.  1801,  and  moved  to  Wallis,  Peoria  Co.,  111.,  in  1835.  Their  children  were:  sons,  Ad- 
dison; Decatur;  John  Foster,  bn.  May  30,  1815;  Nelson;  and  Aaron,  who  died  while  out 
hunting,  and  dau.  Abagail  who  md.  James  Eamon  and  their  son,  James  Monroe,  had  a 
dau.  Edith,  who  md.  a  Purviance,  of  Omaha,  Neb.  Hon.  John  F.,  bn.  May  30,  1815.  md. 
Mary  McFadden  (Schryder)  of  Peoria,  111.,  bn.  in  N.  Y.  state  May  23,  1820,  on  Nov.  5, 
1839,  and  moved  to  Nebraska.  May  23,  1848,  and  was  elected  member  of  the  first  Legis- 
lature of  Cass  Co.  in  1855.  He  died  Sept.  1st,  1901,  aged  86  years,  3  mos.  She  died  Aug. 
26,  1911,  aged  90.  Had  children  bn.  in  Peoria  Co.,  111.;  Abbie  Jane,  bn.  Oct.  4,  1840,  md. 
Capt.  Andrew  Klepser;  John  Spaulding,  bn.  Jan.  2d,  1843;  Sarah  A.,  bn.  Mar.  31,  1846,  md. 
Oct.  26,  1870,  William  B.  Gates,  Capt.  Co.  A.,  3d  Ohio  Cav.  in  Civil  War,  now  of  Ottawa, 
Kans. ;  Theodore  Drake,  bn.  Jan.  19,  1849,  now  of  Wyoming;  Addie  B..  bn.  Nov.  10,  1864, 
md.  J.  D.  Cross  of  Union,  Neb. 

John  S.  Buck  of  Buck's  Canyon,  Cheney,  near  Spokane,  Wash.,  in  1881,  and  Colfax, 
Whitman  Co.,  Wash.,  1882,  md.  Huldah  A.  Wolph,  of  Lincoln,  Cass  Co.,  Neb.,  Mar.  7,  I860, 
and  she  died  Nov.  17,  1913.  They  had  six  children  all  born  in  Nebraska:  Theresa  E., 
bn.  April  26,  1867,  md.  William  Colvin  of  Colfax  in  1890;  Herbert  G.,  bn.  Oct.  10,  18C8,  of 
Buck's  Bute,  Delrio,  Douglas  Co.,  Wash.,  md.  in  1898,  Cora  Crocket  of  Spokane,  Wash.; 
Webster  E.,  bn.  Sept.  2,  1870,  formerly  of  Buckingham,  Webster  Co.,  Wash.,  now  of 
Stauffer,  Alberta,  B.  C,  md.  in  1901,  Beulah  Smith  of  Spokane,  Wash.;  Sylvester  J.,  bn. 
Dec.  12,  1871;  Mary  E.,  bn.  Dec.  12,  1873,  md.  C.  W.  Tarbet  of  Chicago  May  2d,  1895;  and 
Theodore  Wolph,  bn.  Feb.  11,  1876,  died  June  13,  1895.  in  19th  year. 

Rev.  Sylvester  J.  Buck,  Ph.  D.,  md.  Aug.  27,  1893,  Lydia  A.  Button  of  California 
and  Oregon,  children:  Huldah  M.,  bn.  July  27,  1896;  John  P.,  bn.  Aug.  22,  1898;  and  Mary 
M.,  bn.  Feb.  6,  1901,  all  born  in  Wash.  Dr.  Buck  is  now  pastor  of  the  M.  E.  Church  at 
Placerville,  Eldorado  Co.,  Cal.,  to  whom  we  are  indebted  for  his  family  history. 

The  Bucks  of  Susquehanna  Co.,  Pa.,  by  Emily  C.  Blackman,  pages  58-00,  Philadelphia, 
1873.  Incidents  related  by  J.  B.  Buck,  a  son  of  Capt.  Icabod  Buck  whose  father  was 
Rev.  Daniel  Buck  of  Connecticut,  whose  father  was  Eben  Buck  of  Ellington,  Tolland  Co., 
Conn.,  1790,  son  of  Enoch  early  of  Weathersfield  and  New  Milford  of  English  descent,  3 
or  4  bros.  or  uncles  of  the  Rev.  figured  in  the  early  history  of  Wyoming. 

Elijah  and  possibly  Asahel  was  one  of  the  first  forty  settlers  of  Kingston  and 
William  in  1774  and  Capt.  Aholiab  Buck,  one  of  the  9  captains  slain  in  the  fatal  after- 
noon of  July  3d,  1778,  by  the  Tories  and  Indians.  William,  a  son  of  Asahel,  a  fifer  of 
14  years,  was  massacred  the  same  day.     An  older  brother  of  the  four,  Eben,  had  two  sons, 

89 


Elijah  and  Ashael  First  Settlers  of  Kingston,  Pa.  Rev.  Daniel  Buck.  Family.  Capt. 
Icliabod,  Wm.,  Elijah  and  Davit]  Families.  Dai'is'  Hist,  of  Bucks  Co.,  Pa.  Nicholas 
Buck  Founder  of  Burksville.     Family.     Buck  Hotel  and  Buck  Hill  Falls.     Maine  Bucks. 

Col.  Jonathan  Buck. 

Elijah  and  William.  Elijah  mil.  Margaret  Poster  of  New  Milford  in  1780,  and  settled 
near  Athens.  Pa.,  in  Tioga  valley  on  Susquehanna  River.  Bradford  Co.,  as  early  as  1788. 
Rev.  Daniel  Buck  came  from  valley  of  the  Mohawk  near  Albany  to  Windsor.  York  Co., 
Penn.,  in   1780. 

Priest  Buck  had  17  children,  10  of  whom  were  those  of  2d  wife.  Sixteen  lived  to 
have  families.  There  were  sons,  Daniel,  Israel,  Silas  and  Hiram  of  2d  wife  and  Enoch 
and  Denton  of  1st  wife.  The  majority  of  the  family  settled  and  died  in  N.  Y.  state. 
Silas  died  in  1832  at  Great  Bend.  Susquehanna  Co.,  Pa.  Enoch  D.  died  in  1S35  at  Bucks, 
Columbiana  Co.,  Ohio.  Israel  in  Wyalusing.  Bradford  Co.,  Pa.  He  had  15  children  and 
descendants  reside  there.  Rev.  Daniel  Buck  died  in  Great  Bend  April  13,  1S14.  His 
first  wife  is  buried  in  Conn.  His  second  wife  at  Great  Bend.  Sept.  6,  1828,  and  rests 
with  her  husband  near  the  Episcopal  Church  there.  Buck  Valley,  Fulton  Co.,  descend- 
ants, south  middle  part  of  Penn.  near  Md.  line  on  Tonoloway  Co.,  a  branch  of  the  Po- 
tomac River.  Capt.  Icabod  Buck  was  bn.  in  New  Canaan,  Ct.,  he  died  in  Susquehanna 
Co.,  Penn.,  Mar.  19,  1849.  He  had  5  sons:  William  died  at  Great  Bend,  Susquehanna 
Co.;  John  B.  Benjamin  (died  young);  Elijah  living  in  Illinois  (from  N.  Y.  state);  and 
Benjamin  in  Michigan. 

William  Buck  md.  a  dau.  of  Oliver  Trowbridge  1st  at  Great  Bend  about  1804  to  8. 

Elijah  and  William  were  sons  of  Ichabod,  the  brother  of  Rev.  Daniel  Buck. 

David  Buck,  who  lived  in  1807  on  the  north  side  of  the  Susquehanna  River,  was  not 
a  near  relative. 

Hist,  of  Bucks  Co..  Pa.,  by  William  H.  Davis,  A.  M..  187fi,  page  542,  viz.:  Nicholas 
Buck,  one  of  the  founders  of  Bucksville,  Bucks  Co..  Pa.,  was  the  3d  son  of  Nicholas  of 
Springfield,  Bradford  Co.,  Pa.,  bn.  Mar.  20,  1767,  md.  Mary.  dau.  of  John  Eckles  of  Upper 
Salford,  Montgomery  Co.,  Pa.  He  died  at  Bucksville  Aug.  28,  1829.  His  widow  died 
in  1858  aged  91  leaving  95  living  descendants.  His  sons  were  Nicholas,  Jacob  C,  and 
Samuel  E.  Post  office  established  there  in  1828  and  stages  changed  horses  at  the  Bucks- 
ville Inn  between  Easton  and  Philadelphia  and  stopped  at  Buck  Hotel  at  Newton,  Bucks 
Co.,  15  miles  from  Philadelphia  on  the  way.  and  another  later  connecting  line  was  from 
Buck  Hill  Falls  above  Cresco  near  Mountain  Home,  north  side  Monroe  Co.,  Pa.,  down 
Pocono  Valley  to  Delaware  Water  Gap  to  Easton,  Northampton  Co.,  Pa.  (Davis  Hist. 
Bucks  Co.) 

Col.  Jonathan  liuck  of  Bucksport,  Hancock  Co.,  Me.,  bn.  1718  at  Haverhill,  Mass., 
and  descendants  founded  the  colony  there  in  1762  which  contains  the  "Buck  Memorial 
Library  Inc.,"  1792.  On  Maine  Central  R.  R.  He  died  Mar.  18,  1795,  and  is  buried  there. 
The  first  settlement  was  made  at  Buckstown  by  Col.  Jonathan  Buck,  Sr..  of  Haverhill, 
Mass..  who  brought  with  him  several  families  who  built  a  sawmill  and  two  dwelling 
houses  in  1764.  On  the  17th  day  of  Oct..  1775,  Falmouth  now  Portland.  Me.,  was  burned 
by  the  British  and  in  1779  they  burned  Col.  Buck's  dwelling,  saw  mill,  vessel  and  two 
barns  and  destroyed  and  plundered  much  other  property  besides  the  dwellings  of  four 
other  families  which  comprised  the  first  settlement  and  they  fled  to  the  interior  to  the 
headwaters  and  wilds  of  the  Penobscot  River  amid  much  suffering  and  privations  and 
did  not  return  until  after  the  Revolution  in  1784. 

Col.  Jonathan  Buck  of  Bucksport,  Me.,  was  son  of  Ebenezer,  son  of  Ephraim  and 
Mary,  son  of  Roger,  of  William  of  Woburn,  Mass.,  1635. 

Ebenezer  was  bn.  May  20,  16S9,  md.  and  had  a  son  Jonathan  (Col.)  bn.  Feb.  20.  1718. 
who  removed  with  his  father  to  Haverhill,  Mass.,  in  1724  where  he  md.  Lydia  Moore  of 
Newbury  Oct.  9,  1743.  Mariner  and  trading  voyages  eastward  1750.  Soldier  (Lieut.)  in 
the  French  War,  1754.  Located  on  Penobscot  at  Bucksport,  1762.  Colonel  of  the  5th 
Reg.  of  militia.  Died  Mar.  18,  1795.  She  died  Dec.  15,  1785.  They  had  6  children,  4 
boys.  Jonathan,  Jr.,  oldest  bn.  April  3,  1748,  died  Mar.  27,  1824,  md.  Hannah  Gail  Nov., 
1768,  she  died  1834.  Had  11  children,  7  boys  and  4  girls.  (Bangor,  Me.,  Hist.  Mag.,  1890. 
Vol.  6,  pages  51-6). 

On  the  outskirts  of  the  old  seaport  town  of  Bucksport  on  the  Penobscot  River,  Me., 
close  by  the  road  is  a  small  cemetery.  Within  its  enclosure  sleep  the  Bucks,  the  blue 
blooded  folk  who  first  settled  the  town  and  bequeathed  it  a  name  and  legend.  The  larg- 
est and  most  conspicuous  monument  in  the  cemetery  is  a  tall  granite  shaft  which  is  in 
plain  sight  of  the  highway.  On  one  side  is  the  inscription:  "Col.  Jonathan  Buck,  the 
founder  of  Bucksport,  A.  D.,  1762.     Born  in  Haverhill,  Mass.,  1718,  died  Mar.  18,  1795." 

90 


i-.rJt'-h'  as  TiSfiy.*-'.: V 


.  .'< 


imprint  on  Buck  Monument. 


Cemetery  of  the  Bucks.  Curious  Imprint  on  Monument.  Legend  as  Told  by  Credulous 
People  There.  Maine  as  Colony  and  State.  1  Loyal  Prohibition  state.  Hist,  of  Wood 
stock.  Paris  ami  Norway,  Me.    John  Buck  of  Buekfield.     Family.     Simeon  Buck.     Family. 

On  the  other  side  the  single  word  "Buck"  and  also  something  not  wrought  by  the  marble 
worker.  On  the  smooth  surface  of  the  pedestal  is  a  curious  outline  which  can  be  easily 
imagined  to  be  a  foot  of  normal  size,  the  people  who  say  that  it  is  a  foot  believe  in  the 
legend  which  has  oft  been  told  in  Bucksport.  The  story  is  that  Jonathan  Buck  was  a 
very  harsh  man  and  the  leading  spirit  of  his  day  and  generation.  He  was  the  highest  in 
civil  authority  and  his  word  was  law  in  the  community  in  which  he  resided.  He  was  an 
out  and  out  Puritan  and  to  him  witchcraft  was  the  incarnation  of  blasphemy.  Thus  as 
the  story  goes  when  a  certain  woman  was  accused  of  witchcraft  at  the  first  clamorings 
of  the  populace  Col.  Buck  ordered  that  she  be  imprisoned  and  later  she  was  sentenced 
to  be  executed  as  a  witch.  The  execution  day  came  and  the  woman  went  to  the  gallows 
cursing  her  judge  with  such  terrible  words  that  the  people  shuddered,  but  the  magis- 
trate stood  unmoved.  All  was  ready  and  the  hangman  was  about  to  perform  his  duty, 
when  the  woman  turned  to  Col.  Buck  and  raising  one  hand  toward  heaven,  she  said, 
"Jonathan  Buck,  listen  to  these  words,  the  last  my  tongue  shall  utter.  It  is  the  spirit 
of  the  living  God  which  bids  me  speak  to  you.  You  will  soon  die  and  over  your  grave 
they  will  erect  a  stone  that  all  may  know  the  spot  where  your  bones  lay  and  crumble 
to  dust.  Upon  the  stone  the  imprint  of  my  foot  shall  appear  and  for  all  time  after  your 
accursed  race  has  vanished  from  the  face  of  the  earth  will  the  people  from  far  and  near 
know  that  you  murdered  a  woman."  She  then  turned  to  the  executioners  and  another 
act  transpired  to  make  a  part  of  American  colonial  history.  The  witch's  curse  had 
been  almost  forgotten  until  the  monument  was  erected  to  the  founder  of  Bucksport.  It 
had  been  in  position  hardly  a  month  when  a  faint  outline  was  discovered  on  it.  It  grew 
more  and  more  distinct  until  some  curious  person  made  the  discovery  that  it  was  the 
outline  of  a  foot.  The  old  legend  was  revived.  They  say  that  the  witch's  curse  had 
been  fulfilled.  An  attempt  was  made  to  remove  the  stain  but  every  effort  only  tended 
to  make  it  plainer.     It  cannot  be  effaced.      (N.  Y.  World,  Sun.  Ed.,  Jan.  31,  1909). 

In  the  French  and  Indian  wars  Maine  was  an  exposed  frontier  for  nearly  a  century 
and  in  the  early  Acadian  and  colonial  settlements  of  1089-92  was  claimed  by  both  France 
and  England  and  from  first  settlement  of  1689,  at  Pemaquid,  the  brunt  of  these  frontier 
wars  fell  upon  Maine.  At  the  siege  of  Port  Royal.  1710,  and  Louisburg,  1757  and  8. 
nearly  the  whole  English  armament  were  of  Maine  ships  and  sailors  and  her  men  were 
well  represented  on  the  heights  of  Abraham,  1758.  So  great  was  the  draught  on  her  in 
those  French  wars  that  Massachusetts  of  which  she  was  a  part  or  province  by  charter  of 
1690,  had  at  one  time  to  send  100  men  to  garrison  her  forts,  in  1769.  and  later  she  was 
a  great  factor  in  the  Revolution,  not  lacking  in  the  defense  of  the  colonists  against  the 
mother  country  and  in  securing  our  independence.  She  stood  firm  in  the  war  of  1812, 
although  not  admitted  into  the  Union  as  a  separate  state  until  1820,  and  since  nobly  re- 
sponded for  the  Union  in  the  southern  Rebellion.  Almost  a  century  of  wars  borne  by  the 
different  colonies  had  knit  them  together  and  the  influence  of  the  Congregational  Puritan 
and  Pilgrim  churches  have  an  honored  place  in  the  march  of  political  freedom  and  the 
character  moulding  of  its  schools  and  people.  On  July  15,  1690,  the  famous  "Maine  liquor 
law"  was  passed,  "that  from  henceforth  there  shall  not  be  any  rum  or  other  strong  liquor 
sold  except  in  case  of  great  necessity"  and  Maine  has  maintained  a  strict  prohibition 
state  for  nearly  three  centuries  which  added  greatly  to  its  wealth,  progress  and  achieve- 
ments. 

History  of  Woodstock  (pages  185-7),  Paris  (page  543)  and  Norway,  Oxford  Co., 
Maine,  from  1786  to  1886  (page  476)  by  William  Buck  Lapliam.  of  Norway.  1886.  John 
Buck,  one  of  the  3  brothers  from  Newbury,  Mass.,  that  lived  in  New  Gloucester,  came  and 
first  settled  Buekfield.  Woodstock,  Me.  He  mil.  Abigail  Irish  of  Girham  and  lived  many 
years  in  Buekfield  and  finally  moved  to  the  Gore.  A  farmer.  Children:  Sarah  md.  Enoch 
Philbrick  of  Buekfield;  Abigail  md.  Abijah  Lapham;  Simeon  md.  Lois  Drew;  Esther  md. 
John  Warren,  all  of  Buekfield;  Eliza  md.  Tilden  Bartlett  of  Norway;  Annis  md.  Levi 
Turner;  Polly  md.  Luther  Turner;  and  Phoebe  md.  1st  Benjamin  Brown  of  Buekfield 
and  2d  William  R.  Hemmingway  of  Rumford. 

Simeon  Buck  lived  in  Woodstock  and  md.  Lois.  dau.  of  Stephen  Drew  of  Buekfield. 
She  died  in  Grafton  at  94.  Children:  Stephen  md.  Ruth  Cummings;  John  md.  Hannah 
Cummings;  Eliza  md.  Samuel  Mathews,  Jr..  of  Summer:  Harrison  went  early  to  Aroos- 
took Co.  and  md.  there;  Jerusa  md.  Benjamin  Brooks;  Bathshoba  md.  Nathaniel  J.  Fur- 
nam;  Elbridge  md.  Perlin,  dau.  of  John  Robinson  of  Paris;  and  Melissa  md.  George  Bary 
of  Paris. 

91 


John  Buck  of  Canton.     Family.     Original  Land  Grants  to  Abijah  Buck  and  Others  Be- 

■fore   1820.     Austin  Buck  Hon  of  Peter.     Family.     Br.  ■!.  M.  Buck  of  Biickftcld.     Hist,  of 

Norway,    Me.     .fas.   Buik    Son    of   Peter.     Family.     Judge   Geo.   H.   Buck.     Dan'l.    Buck. 

Family.     Albion  Hon  of  James.     Family.     Judge.  Bui  k. 

Stephen  Buck,  son  of  Simeon,  lived  on  the  Gore  and  then  moved  to  Greenwood.  He 
had  3  sons  and  2  daus.  Franklin  md.  Augusta  Hobbs;  Lewis  A.  died  of  small  pox  un- 
married; Cyrus  md.  Lydia  C.  Bryant. 

John  Buck  who  md.  Hannah  C'ummings  had  a  large  family  of  children.  Of  the  sons: 
Solomon  md.  and  lives  in  Canton;  John  A.  md.  Mary  Lapham;  Chas.  H.  md.  Estes  El- 
bridge;  George  md.  Sarah  W.  Farnum  and  went  to  Canada;  and  Harrison  md.  Anna 
Bragg,  Paris.  Maine. 

Original  land  grants  to  Abijah  Buck  and  others  prior  to  1820;  Moses  Buck  June  1st, 
1798.     Moses  Buck,  Jr.,  Buck  Bros,  in  Oxford;  Jas.  M.  Buck,  1834. 

Peter  Buck,  son  of  Peter,  French  Huguenots,  settled  in  Worcester,  Mass.,  md. 
Jemima  Fay  of  Farmington,  Mass.,  came  to  Paris  first  and  from  there  to  Norway,  Oct. 
17th,  1799.  Children,  sons:  James  md.  Susanna  Young  of  Norway;  Jared  md.  Sally,  dau. 
of  Thos.  Stephens  of  Paris;  Austin,  bn.  July  3,  1791,  died  1885,  md.  Sarah  Colburn  of 
Tyngsborough,  Mass.;  and  Daniel  md.  Eunice  Coy  of  Greenwood.  The  mother  died  Sept. 
10.  1839,  aged  80.  The  father,  Nov.  6,  1842,  aged  94  years.  The  French  name  of  the 
family  is  Banyott  (alias  Buck).  Others  in  Mass.:  Austin  Buck,  carriage  maker,  son  of 
Peter  md.  Sarah  Coburn  of  Tyngshoro.  Mass..  Jan.  14,  1816,  and  settled  in  South  Pass. 
Sons:  Zadoc  Spaulding.  bn.  April  16,  1818,  md.  Ellen  Haven  of  Farmingham;  John  Aus- 
tin, bn.  Sept.  17,  1820,  md.  Elizabeth  Rowley  of  N.  Y.  state  and  settled  there;  Cyrus  W., 
bn.  Aug.  14,  1824,  md.  Sarah  Smith  of  N.  H.,  and  settled  there;  Caleb  Coburn.  bn.  in 
Norway,  Oct.  19,  1834,  md.  Melinda  (Record)  Sewall;  Millet,  bn.  April  16.  1839,  married 
and  settled  in  Tyngsboro,  Mass.  The  father  died  Oct.,  1858,  and  the  mother  Mar.  23,  1864, 
in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  Another  family  Chas.  T.  Buck,  son  of  Washington  Buck  of  Sumner, 
Me.,  md.  Elizabeth,  a  widow  and  dau.  of  Elizur  Dunham  of  Paris.  Dec.  7,  1866,  and  set- 
tled in  the  Dunham  Homestead.  Children:  Chas.  L.,  bn.  July  28,  1868,  and  George  E., 
bn.  Nov.  15,  1873. 

Dr.  James  Madison  Buck  a  native  of  Buckfield,  bn.  Aug.  17,  1841,  settled  as  a 
physician  on  Paris  Hill,  1833-4,  studied  medicine  in  Washington,  D.  C,  graduated  during 
Civil  War,  came  to  Norway  in  1868  for  one  year  and  then  to  Paris  from  West  Paris.  He 
afterward  moved  to  Kansas. 

Hist,  of  Norway,  Me.,  1786-1886,  by  William  B.  Lapham:  Peter  Buck  came  from 
Worcester,  Mass.,  to  Paris,  Me.,  and  from  there  to  Norway  in  1799.  (See  above).  Jas. 
Buck,  son  of  Peter,  md.  Susanna,  dau.  of  Nathaniel  Young,  who  died  Nov.  25,  1829,  and 
he  md.  Mrs.  Jane  Crooker,  who  died  in  1852.  He  died  Jan.  22,  1871.  Sons:  Jabez,  bn. 
Dec.  6,  1807,  md.  Abbie  Goss  Marshall  of  Paris  and  settled  there;  Ira,  bn.  June  3,  1809, 
md.  Mary  Nash  of  Gardiner,  Me.,  and  left  a  family;  Henry  L.,  bn.  July  21,  1810,  died 
1893,  md.  Ruth  Ingalls  of  Harrison,  Me.,  bn.  April  4,  1823,  and  settled  there.  Their  chil- 
dren are:  Judge  George  H.  Buck  of  Redwood  City  Superior  Court,  San  Mateo  Co..  Gal., 
near  San  Francisco  since  1875;  Howard,  a  hotel  keeper  at  Boise  City,  Ada  Co.,  Idaho; 
and  a  dau.  Ruth,  who  md.  Geo.  H.  Greene  of  Bridgeton,  Me.;  and  Abijah  C.  on  home 
farm;  William  Oliver,  bn.  May  12,  1815,  went  to  Louisiana  and  settled  there;  Daniel 
Franklin,  bn.  Oct.  10,  1821,  md.  and  settled  in  Harrison;  Albion,  bn.  April  27,  1824,  md. 
Lucia  A.  Stephens;  and  Willard,  bn.  Mar.  21.  1827,  settled  Alexandria,  Douglas  Co.,  Minn. 
Jared  M.  Buck,  bro.  of  James  Buck,  md.  Sally,  dau.  of  Thos.  Stephens  of  Paris,  son 
William  P.,  bn.  Sept.  14,  1820,  and  3  daus. 

Daniel  Buck,  bro.  of  Austin,  md.  Eunice  Coy  and  settled  first  in  Greenwood,  Oxford 
Co.,  Me.,  but  finally  returned  to  Norway,  Oxford  Co.,  and  died  there  in  1863  and  his  wife 
in  1864.  Children,  sons:  Daniel  Henry  bn.  June  22,  1815,  md.  Phidelia  Bacon;  Peter 
Banyott,  bn.  Oct.  24,  1819,  md.  Sarah  Bacon  and  have  son,  Seaver  Bacon  Buck,  headmas- 
ter Berkshire  School,  Sheffield,  Mass.,  below  Great  Barrington;  James  Hill,  bn.  July  31, 
1821;  Nathan  Coy  and  Cyrus  Miller,  twins,  bn.  Jan.  24,  1825.  Cyrus  M.  md.  Lydia  A. 
Whittle. 

Albion  Buck,  son  of  James  and  Susan  (Young)  Buck  reside  on  the  old  homestead  of 
his  father  in  Norway.  He  md.  Dec.  13,  1850,  Lucia  A.,  dau.  of  Benjamin  and  Mary  Stevens. 
Children,  sons:  Walter  S.,  bn.  Oct.  10,  1853,  md.  Dec.  10,  1881,  Jennie  E.,  dau.  of  Daniel 
Holt  2d.  and  has  Oliver  C,  bn.  Mar.  24,  1883,  and  Albion,  bn.  Nov.  30,  1884,  and  Alvan, 
bn.  Feb.  4.  1856. 

Judge  Buck  of  Stockton,  San  Joaquin  Co.,  Cal.,  is  of  another  family  of  Bucksport, 
Hancock  Co.,  Me. 

92 


• 


'   NOX 
TILC  IOM3 


New  York  and  Brooklyn  Bucks.  John  Hurl,-  Organizer  of  Stock  Exchange.  Richard  /'. 
Buck,  Merchant  and  Promoter  Produce  Exchange.  Buck  Mansion  Bis  City  Residence. 
Family.  Tin'  Bouck  Family  and  Land  Patents.  Gov.  \\'m.  C.  Bouck  of  X.  Y.  State. 
Newourgh  and  Kingston.    John  M.  Bouck  of  Bouckville.    John  Bouck  of  Bouck's  Sill, 

Canada. 

New  York  and  Brooklyn  Bucks.  John  Buck  with  Ephraim  and  Bernard  Hart,  Hugh 
Smith,  Sutton  and  Hardy  and  others,  20  hankers  and  hrokers  in  all,  were  the  organizers 
on  May  17th,  1792,  of  what  is  now  called  the  New  York  Stock  Exchange. 

Abraham,  Francis  and  Leopold  Buck  resided  in  New  York  City  in  Census  of  1790. 
Richard  P.  Buck.  bn.  Jan.,  1800,  a  shipping  merchant  of  Manhattan,  son  of  Daniel, 
son  of  Jonathan,  Jr.,  of  Bucksport,  Me.,  (oldest  and  best  known)  who  had  come  to 
Brooklyn  to  live.  Mr.  Buck  was  for  many  years  a  well  known  resident  of  the  Heights. 
He  was  trustee  of  Dr.  Storrs'  Church  of  the  Pilgrims,  a  trustee  of  the  Packer  Institute 
and  identified  with  many  other  institutions  of  Brooklyn.  He  came  to  New  York  about 
1837  from  Bucksport,  Me.,  which  was  named  from  his  ancestors  about  1762,  and  em- 
barked in  business  in  which  he  was  successful  having  lines  of  vessels  running  to  many 
parts  of  the  world.  He  served  as  the  second  president  of  the  Hanover  National  Bank, 
and  was  identified  with  the  Corn  Exchange  out  of  which  the  Produce  Exchange  grew. 
He  was  the  head  of  the  firm  of  Richard  P.  Buck  &  Co.  Office  in  South  St..  No.  29,  for 
many  years.  His  residence,  the  "Buck  Mansion,"  which  is  a  four  story,  brown  stone 
front  with  a  Mansard  roof  and  an  extension  on  the  side  and  another  in  the  rear  to  and 
adjoining  the  carriage  house  and  stables,  surrounded  by  ample  grounds  and  gardens,  was 
at  No.  40  Livingston  St.,  opposite  the  grounds  of  the  Packer  Institute,  formerly  a  center 
of  social  activity.  When  he  decided  to  build  on  "the  Heights,"  he  purchased  a  large 
plot  on  Livingston  running  through  to  Schemerhorn  adjacent  to  Clinton  St.,  part  of 
which  is  occupied  by  other  houses  he  erected.  He  died  at  his  country  home  in  Bucks- 
port.  Me.,  July  11,  1884,  and  the  house  was  occupied  by  his  widow  and  dau.  until  Mrs. 
Buck's  death  and  afterward  by  her  sister.  He  md.  Charlotte,  dau.  of  Samuel  and 
Phoebe  (Peters)  Spoffard,  Sept.  3d,  1833.  She  died  Sept.  17,  1889.  The  residence,  a 
landmark  on  the  heights  for  (10  years,  was  sold  in  1909  to  give  way  to  an  eight-story 
apartment  house.      (Brooklyn  Eagle,  Sun.  Ed.,  1909). 

The  Bouck  Family.  Among  the  600  German  and  Bavarian  Palatinates  and  Dutch  fam- 
ilies who  came  over  in  1711.  first  making  their  abode  in  a  colony  at  East  and  West  Camp 
on  the  Hudson  near  Albany,  being  the  first  white  settlement  and  finally  settled  N.  Y. 
mostly  in  Schoharie  Co..  forming  seven  villages  or  partners  clusters.  (The  Pfalz-graf,  or 
count  palatine  exercised  a  much  more  extensive  jurisdiction  than  a  simple  Graf  or  count), 
acquiring  large  tracts,  through  military  service,  early  occupancy  and  easy  purchases)  were 
John  F.  Bouck's  patent  of  3,600  acres  in  town  of  Schoharie,  Albany  Co.,  granted  Mar.  19, 
1754;  William  Bouck's  patent  of  1,250  acres  on  east  side  of  the  Schoharie  Creek  and 
about  the  same  on  the  west  side  in  Fulton  Co.,  granted  May  8,  1775;  "Bouck's  falls"  a 
fine  cascade  in  a  ravine  200  feet  high  upon  its  course  lying  between.  Sons  of  William 
were  Johannes  F.  Christian  and  William.  Wilhelmus  Bouck,  was  the  first  child,  bn.  soon 
after  arrival.  Gov.  William  C.  Bouck  of  the  state  of  New  York  was  bn.  in  this  town,  Ful- 
ton, Schoharie  Co.,  Jan.  7,  1786,  was  the  15th  Gov.  1843-4,  succeeded  William  H.  Seward 
and  was  succeeded  by  Silas  Wright.  In  Mar.,  1821,  was  elected  Canal  Commissioner  anil 
held  it  several  years.  Died  here  in  April,  1859.  (Gazetteer  State  N.  Y.,  1860,  pages  601-6). 
Attorney  Bouck  went  from  Schoharie  Co.  many  years  ago  to  Oshkosh,  Wisconsin,  and 
made  fame  and  money  at  the  bar.  He  never  married  and  died  in  1907.  left  an  estate 
valued  at  nearly  $290,000,  William  C.  Bouck  of  Oshkosh.  being  the  largest  and  only 
legatee  in  the  male  line  bearing  the  name.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  William  ('.  Bouck  of  Bingham- 
ton,  N.  Y.     Dau.  Marguerite,  md.  Maurice  BoyntOD   Tick  of  Albany,  Dec.  24,  1914. 

Newburgh  was  originally  known  as  the  Palatine  parish  of  Quassaic  and  was  settled 
by  people  from  the  Palantines  in  1709.  Kingston  was  probably  the  first  settlement  on 
the  Hudson  in  1661.  incorporated  by  patent  in  1667  by  the  Dutch  and  English  settlers. 

John  Madison  Bouck  of  Bouckville,  Madison  Co.,  bn.  in  Cobleskill,  Oct.  7.  1834,  died 
Jan.  27,  1913.  He  was  educated  in  Schoharie  Academy  and  md.  in  1856.  Mary  Jane 
Palmatier  of  Binghamton,  who  died  in  1911  and  later  resided  in  Harpersville  on  the 
Susquehanna,  Broome  Co..  a  retired  veteran  D.  &  II.  R.  K.  conductor.  John  Bouck, 
apiarist,  who  settled  at  "Bouck's  Hill"  near  Morrisburg  on  the  St.  Lawrence  River  in 
Dundas  Co.,  Ontario.  Canada.  To  obtain  their  land  bounty  rights  at  close  of  Revolution 
many  of  the  early  Schoharie  settlers  in  the  British  service  had  to  remove  and  finally 
settled  in  this  part  of  Canada.  (N.  Y.  State  Gaz.,  page  602).  lie  had  the  famous  apiary, 
whose  bees  stung  and  honey  eaten  sickened  the  greedy  soldiers  who  marched  through 
Bouck's  ravine  and  robbed  the  hives  on  way  to  join  Montgomery's  army  at  Battle  of 
Quebec,  1775,  now  traversed  by  Grand  Trunk  railway.  His  descendants  still  reside  there 
and  relate  the  incident. 

93 


Boiick  White,  Author.     Post  Offices  in  D.  S.  Bearing  the  Name  of  Buck.     Bucks  of  this 

Country.     Trades  and  Professions.     Arts  and  Sciences.     Noble  and  Distinguished  Bucks. 

Dudley  Buck.  Organist  and  Composer. 

Bouck  White.  Middleburg,  Schoharie  Co.,  N.  Y.  Author  of  "Mixer"  and  other 
works,  a  "delineator  of  the  characters,  travesty."  Also  compiler  of  the  "Book  of  Daniel 
Drew."  Doubleday  Page  &  Co.,  N.  Y„  1911.  Mostly  of  Erie  R.  R.  steamboats  and  Wall  St. 
workings,  and  "Artists  of  the  Catskill  Mountains,"  is  probably  a  descendant.  Rev.  Bouck 
White  is  now  pastor  of  the  Church  of  Social  Revolution  in  N.  Y.  City  and  has  lately 
visited  the  seat  of  war  in  Europe,  1915. 

The  following  were  post  offices  in  the  United  States  in  1866  bearing  the  name  of: 
Bucksport,  Hancock  Co.,  Maine,  location,  on  Penobscot  River  mouth;  Buckfield.  Oxford 
Co.,  Maine,  location,  southwest  part;  Buck's  Harbor,  Washington,  Co.,  Maine,  location, 
Englishman's  Bay;  Buckland,  Franklin  Co.,  Mass.,  location,  west  of  Greenfield;  Buck- 
land,  Hartford  Co.,  location,  east  of  Hartford;  Bucton,  St.  Lawrence  Co.,  N.  Y.. 
location,  near  Malone;  Buckbrook,  Sullivan  Co..  N.  Y.,  location,  southwestern  part; 
Bucksville,  Bucks  Co.,  Penn.,  location,  southeastern  part;  Buckton,  Dorchester,  Co..  Md., 
location,  center  of  Co.;  Buckland,  Prince  William  Co.,  Va.,  location,  eastern  part;  Buck- 
land,  Gates  Co..  N.  C,  location,  northeast  corner;  Bucks,  Wilkes  Co.,  N.  G,  location,  north- 
west part,  near  Blue  Ridge;  Bucksville,  Horry  Co.,  S.  C. ;  location,  east  corner;  Buck, 
Summers  Co.,  West  Va..  location,  south  part  near  Hinton;  Bucks,  Columbia  Co.,  Ohio,  lo- 
cation, eastern  part,  36  miles  N.  W.  of  New  Lisbon;  Buck.  Lancaster  Co.,  Penn.,  location, 
southeast  part;  Buck,  Switzerland  Co..  Ind.,  location,  southeast  part  on  Ohio  River; 
Buck,  Hamilton  Co.,  111.,  location,  south  part;  Bucksport.  Humboldt  Co.,  Cal.,  location,  on 
Humboldt  Bay;  Buck,  Plumas  Co..  Cal.,  location,  northeast  meadow  valley,  near  Quincy; 
Buck's  Ranch,  Plumas  Co..  Cal.,  location,  north  of  Butte;  Buckland,  Bellechase  Co., 
Canada  East,  near  Quebec. 

In  this  country  the  family  have  founded  Bucksport.  Maine;  Buckstown.  Bucks  Co., 
Penn.;  Buck  Hollow,  Fairfax,  Franklin  Co..  near  St.  Albans,  Vt. ;  Bucks  Bridge,  Potsdam, 
N.  Y.;  Buck  Hollow,  Crown  Point,  N.  Y. ;  Buckland,  Prince  William  Co.,  Va. ;  Bucksville, 
South  Carolina;  Buckland  and  Buckingham,  Hartford  Co.,  Conn.;  and  Buckland,  Frank- 
lin Co.,  Mass. 

Five  of  this  name  have  graduated  at  Columbia  College;  twelve  at  Yale,  one  as  early 
as  1718;  several  at  Harvard;  two  at  Brown  University  and  at  Dartmouth  and  Princeton; 
many  of  notoriety  and  distinction,  and  now  we  find  them  emanating  from  all  the  various 
schools  and  leading  institutions  of  our  land. 

The  Bucks  being  of  Anglo-Saxon  or  English  extraction  were  mostly  merchants,  manu- 
facturers of  plows,  stoves,  carriages  and  agricultural  implements,  lumbermen,  trades- 
men,  shippers,  drovers  and  farmers,  with  a  goodly  number  of  ministers,  doctors,  lawyers, 
musicians,  artists  and  professional  men  from  the  earliest  times,  noble  names  won  by  the 
sons  of  the  hardy  pioneers  of  earlier  years  and  were  a  sturdy,  energetic,  industrious  law- 
abiding  race  of  men,  uniformly  respectable  and  successful  and  noted  for  their  sobriety, 
soundness  and  integrity. 

In  their  religion  we  find  very  many  Independents  or  Congregationalists,  it  being  the 
prevailing  religion  and  belief  of  New  England  at  that  time  and  for  which  they  left  the 
mother  country  enduring  the  hardships  and  privations  to  establish  and  perpetuate. 

In  their  dealings  with  one-another  and  with  mankind  they  believed  in  the  universal 
fatherhood  of  God  and  brotherhood  of  man,  and  practiced  as  far  as  consistent  we  believe 
in  the  Golden  Rule,  "to  do  unto  others  as  ye  would  they  should  do  unto  us."  They 
have  blazed  the  path.  They  have  showed  us  the  way  that  we  may  follow  in  their  foot- 
steps in  the  full  knowledge  that  our  pathway  is  the  smoother  because  they  have 
traveled  that  way  and  pointed  it  out  before  us.  We  find  there  are  a  few  eminent  states- 
men and  scholars  as  we  pass  along,  and  in  the  arts  and  sciences  many  have  excelled  or 
become  masters  of  their  profession  and  in  the  various  trades  and  avocations  of  life  many 
have  made  their  mark,  others  have  attained  to  distinction  and  are  worthy  examples  of 
which  upon  a  cursory  review  we  are  led  to  enumerate: 

Dudley  Buck,  organist  and  composer,  was  born  in  Hartford,  Ct,  Mar.  10,  1839, 
studied  at  Leipzig,  Dresden  and  Paris,  returning  in  18G2,  became  instructor  and  later 
president  of  the  "Metropolitan  College  of  Music,"  when  he  organized  the  "Apollo  Club" 
of  male  voices.  His  terms  of  greatest  service  have  been  at  Hartford.  Chicago,  Boston, 
New  York  and  Brooklyn  of  various  lengths  as  organist.  His  cantatas,  symphonies, 
concert  overtures  and  "compositions  are  known  and  used  world  wide  and  unsurpassed 
by  no  other  American  composer  of  sacred  music.  He  spoke  fluently  in  French,  German 
and  Italian.     His  productions  are  to  be  found  in  the  catalogue  of  his  published  works. 

94 


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App-ihued   oy   tlje    I  Minister  to 

Japan. 


Death  and  Family.  Daniel  Buck  oj  Hartford.  Hon.  Hani.  Buck,  M.  C,  and  Daril.  .1. 
Later  a  M.  a.  Died  in  Wash.,  it.  C,  in  tS.'/l.  Lefferts  Buck,  Noted  Civil  Engineer  and 
Bridge  Builder.    Dr.  Gurdon  Buck.     Noted  Surgeon  ami  Medical   Writer.     II.   II'.   Buck. 

He  had  just  returned  from  a  two  years  absence  in  Europe  when  he  died  at  the  home 
of  his  son  in  West  Orange,  N.  J.,  Oct.  0.  1909,  aged  7(>  years,  and  his  body  was  cremated. 
He  leaves  two  sons:  Dr.  E.  T.  Ilixk  of  Indianapolis,  tnd.,  and  Dudley  Buck,  Jr.,  <>(  West 
Orange,  also  a  wife  and  a  dau.  He  was  son  of  Dudley  and  Martha  Church  (Adams) 
Buck.  His  earliest  ancestor  Emanuel  Buck  arrived  after  the  foundation  of  the  Plymouth 
Colony  and  was  one  of  the  earliest  settlers  of  Weathersfield,  Conn.,  in  1647.  Dudley 
Buck,  Sr.,  was  a  prominent  shipping  merchant  and  owner  of  a  line  of  steamboats  plying 
between  Hartford  and  N.  Y.  City.  It  was  one  of  his  steamers  that  towed  the  Monitor 
from  Brooklyn  Navy  Yard  to  Hampton  Roads  before  the  battle  with  the  Merrimac. 
(Nat.   Cyl.   of   Am.   Biog.,   vol.   7.    page    134). 

Daniel  Buck  of  Hartford,  son  of  Daniel,  bn.  Apl.  23,  1742,  and  Sarah  Salstonstal  mil. 
Dec.  3,  1775,  (son  of  David,  son  of  Emanuel)  was  a  merchant  and  mil.  1st  Julia,  dan.  of 
Stephen  Mitchell  of  Weathersfield,  2nd,  Elizabeth,  dau.  of  Ezekiel  Belden  of  Weathers- 
Held. 

Winthrop  Buck,  son  of  Daniel  and  Sarah  mil.  1st,  Eunice  Parsons  of  Amherst;  2nd, 
md.  Eunice  Mosely. 

Dudley  Buck,  bn.  1789,  son  of  Daniel  and  Sarah  aid.  1st,  Sept.  2.".,  Isl'T,  Hetty,  dau.  of 
John  Hempstead  of  Hartford,  2nd,  Martha,  dau.  of  Nathaniel  Adams  of  Portsmouth, 
N.  H.,  Sept.  12.   is::7.     Dudley.  Jr..   horn   Mar.   In.    1839. 

Hon.  Daniel  Buck,  M.  C,  1795,  of  Norwich,  Vi.,  to  1th  Congress,  1795-97,  died  in 
1S17,  bn.  Apl.  23,  1742  son  of  David.  Jr.,  bn.  Sept.  13,  IC95,  and  Eunice  Treat  md.  Dec 
19,  1723.  Daniel  A.,  a  son  bn.  in  Vermont,  Jan.  16,  1789,  rep.  from  Vermont  to  the 
18th  and  20th  Congress,  died  in  Washington,  D.  ('.,  Dec.  24,  1841.  Daniel  Buck  was  ai 
Norwich,  Windsor  Co.,  Vt.,  in  1790,  with  wife,  6  sons  and  ::  dans.,  came  there  in  1785. 
Was  in  Revolutionary  service,  where  he  lost  an  arm.  Died  in  Chelsea.  Vt..  in  1817,  aged 
75  years. 

Leffert  Lefferts  Buck,  civil  engineer  and  noted  bridge  constructor.  One  of  the  great- 
est masters  of  the  art  of  the  engineer  on  the  American  continent,  the  construction  of 
whose  numerous  and  magnificent  bridges  stands  as  enduring  monuments  to  the  skill  and 
courage  of  his  inventive  genius.  Born  at  Canton.  N.  Y.,  Feb.  5,  1S37,  died  at  his  home, 
Hastings-on-Hudson,  near  New  York,  July  17,  1909,  aged  72  years  6  months.  Son  of  Lemuel 
and  Elizabeth  (Baldridge)  Buck.  Descended  from  Emanuel  Buck  who  settled  in  Weath- 
ersfield in  1647.  His  great  grandfather  Isaac  Buck  served  under  Gen.  Wolfe  ;:t  Quebec 
in  1759  and  died  in  the  American  army  a  1st  sergeant  in  ('apt.  Robert  Corchran's  Co., 
Major  Brown's  detachment,  before  that  city  Jan.  20,  1776.  His  grandfather  Isaac  Buck, 
Jr.,  although  a  mere  lad  was  with  Ethan  Allen  under  Capt.  Cooley  and  Maj.  Beach  of 
Pittsford  and  Castleton,  Vt.,  at  the  taking  of  Ticonderoga,  177.".,  and  served  in  1780-1 
in  Capt.  William  Hutchinson's  Co.,  Maj.  Ebenezer  Aliens  detachment,  and  as  ensign,  age 
25,  in  the  20th  Co.,  1st  Reg.,  6th  Brig.  Vermont  militia.  1788,  after  the  campaign  terminat- 
ing in  Burgoyne's  surrender  at  Saratoga.  Oct.  17.  1777,  and  his  father,  Lemuel,  served 
in  the  War  of  1812  and  he  also  served  in  the  16th  X.  Y.  Keg.  throughout  the  late  civil 
War,  1861-5,  coming  out  with  the  rank  of  captain.  What  a  war  record!  Can  am  one 
heat  it?     (Nat.  Cvclo.  Am.  Biog.  vol.  10,  page  115). 

Dr.  Gurdon  Buck,  bn.  in  N.  Y.  City  May  4.  1807.  Died  there  Mar.  6,  1*77.  Visiting 
and  consulting  surgeon  of  various  hospitals.  He  was  successful  in  performing  many 
difficult  operations  and  brought  into  general  use  the  treatment  of  fractures  known  as 
"Buck's  extension."  Among  these  what  is  known  as  Buck's  operation  lor  edema  of  the 
glottis  holds  a  deservedly  high  rank.  But  in  no  department  did  he  gain  more  laurels 
than  in  autoplastic  surgery.  For  35  years  contributor  to  medical  journals,  he  also  pub 
lished  an  elaborate  treatise.  "Contributions  to  Reparative  Surgery,"  New  York,   ls76. 

Albert  Henry  Buck,  bn.  New  York,  Oct.  20,   1842.     Si f  Dr.  Gurdon  and   Henriette 

E.  (Wolf)  Buck,  A.  B.,  Yale  1864,  M.  D.  Col.  I'hys.  ami  Surg.  Columbia  1867,  md.  Laura 
S.,  dau.  of  Rev.  John  S.  C.  Abbot  of  New  Haven.  Ct,  1871,  Clin.  Prof.  Dis.  of  the  Ear. 
Columbia  College  1888-19H4.  author  "Diseases  of  the  Ear,"  1876,  and  Med.  Diet.  L896,  also 
"The  Bucks  of  Weathersfield,  Ct.,  1909,"  and  in  connection  with  Dr.  Joseph  I  >.  Bryant. 
N.  Y.  City  of  "Am.  Practice  of  Surgery,"  8  vols..  1905-10,  q.  v.  111.,  pub.  by  Win  Wood  & 
Co.,  N.  Y.,  Home  Garden  City.  I..  I. 

Harold  Winthrop  Buck,  electrical  engineer,  bn.  N.  Y..  May  7.  1S7:'..  Son  of 
Albert  H.  and  Laura  S.   (Abbot)   Buck.     dad.  Yale  1894,  R  II.  R  Ed.  Colia.  Schl    Minei 

95 


Col.  Alfred  E..  Diplomat.     Hon.   ('has.   IV..  .Jurist.  Diplomatist.  Author.     Hon.   Chas.   F.. 

M.  C.    Hon.  Geo.  M.,  U.  S.  Sen.  1904.     Gertrude,  Ed.  and  Au.  Danl.  Dana.  Theological 

Writer.     Hon.  John  R.     Prof.  Carl  D.     Dr.  Thos.     Saml.  J.,  Prof,  at  Grinnrll  Col.     Dan. 

Edith  Cory.  Ins.  and  Au.  Jariah  D. 

1895.  Mel.  Charlotte  R.  Porter  of  Niagara  Falls  Jan.  15,  1902.  Invts.  and  Pats.  Chil- 
dren:  Winthrop,  Porter,  Charlotte,  Abbot  and  Guidon. 

Col.  Alfred  E.  Buck,  12th  Maine  infantry,  bn.  in  Foxcroft,  Me.,  Feb.  7,  1832.  Rep. 
from  Alabama  to  41st  Congress.  Diplomat,  ambassador  and  minister  to  Japan  from 
Atlanta,  Georgia.  Died  suddenly  of  heart  failure  there  in  Tokio  at  the  Am.  embassy  or 
legation  Dec.  4,  1902,  aged  63,  and  brought  here  and  buried  with  the  officers  and  generals 
in  the  National  Cemetery  at  Arlington,  Va.  When  President  McKinley  appointed  him, 
he  said,  "Buck,  I  am  glad  you  are  a  God-fearing  and  Church-going  man."  He  was 
greatly  beloved  by  the  missionaries  there. 

Col.  Buck  went  south  from  Maine  shortly  after  the  Civil  War  and  during  recon- 
struction days  represented  the  Mobile,  Ala.,  district  in  41st,  1869-71,  Congress.  He  sub- 
sequently went  to  Georgia  and  was  clerk  of  the  Federal  Court  of  Atlanta.  He  also 
served  as  U.  S.  marshal  for  the  district  of  Georgia  and  was  for  a  long  time  the  recognized 
head  of  government  affairs  there  for  state. 

Hon.  Chas.  W.  Buck,  jurist,  of  Louisville,  Ky.,  formerly  U.  S.  Minister  to  Peru,  S.  A., 
and  author  of  "Under  the  Sun"  or  the  "Passing  of  the  Incas"  (Sheltman  &  Co.,  Pub., 
Louisville,  Ky.,  1902.  Cloth  list  $5.00).  Born  in  Vicksburg,  Miss..  Mar.  17,  1849.  Son  of 
John  W.  and  Mary  (Bell)  Buck.  Was  En  v.  Ext.  and  Min.  Plen.  of  U.  S.  to  Peru,  S.  A., 
1885-9. 

Hon.  Chas.  F.  Buck  of  New  Orleans,  La.,  bn.  Nov.  5,  1841,  in  Durrheim,  G.  D„  of 
Baden,  Germany.     Congressman,  representative  from  Louisiana  of  54th  Congress. 

Hon.  Geo.  M.  Buck,  bn.  Skaneateles,  Onondaga  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Nov.  28,  1843.  Son  of 
Minerson  and  Hannah  (Pierce)  Buck.  Md.  Anna  Bradford  of  Kalamazoo.  Mich..  April  14. 
1889,  U.  S.  Senator  1904  from  Kalamazoo,  Mich.,  lawyer  and  writer.  Author  of  "Through 
Stress  and  Storm,"   L900. 

Gertrude  Buck,  educator,  author.  Born  in  Kalamazoo.  Mich.,  July  14,  1871.  Dau. 
of  Geo.  M.  and  Anna  (Bradford)  Buck.  Graduate  University  of  Mich.,  1894.  Contribu- 
tor on  educational  and  rhetorical  subjects  in  educational  journals,  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y. 
Has  been  a  beloved  member  of  the  English  faculty  of  Vassar  College  for  many  years.  In 
addition  to  her  constructive  work  in  creating  a  taste  for  good  literature  among  her  stu- 
dents, she  has  published  a  number  of  books  and  magazine  articles.  As  she  points  out  in 
her  new  volume  "The  Social  Criticism  of  Literature,"  literary  criticism  has  meant  any- 
thing from  an  English  teacher's  red  ink  on  a  pupil's  theme  to  anecdotes  concerning 
Johnson's  tea  and  the  love  affairs  of  Shelley. 

Daniel  Dana  Buck  of  Grafton,  New  Hampshire,  (son  of  Daniel  and  Mary,  dau.  of 
H.  S.  Dana  of  Woodstock,  Vt,  1785,  the  father  of  Jas.  D.  Dana,  Geol.  and  Min.  1813). 
Theological  writer  1791.  Author  "The  Christian  Virtues."  1805,  and  "Our  Lord's  Great 
Prophecy,"  1814.     Had  son  Milton  Dana,  prof,  and  minister  at  Geneva,  N.  Y. 

Hon.  John  Ransom  Buck,  ex-congressman.  Rep.  from  Conn,  to  47th  and  49th  Congress, 
1881-87.  State  Rep.  Hartford,  1879-81.  Born  Glastonbury,  Ct.,  Dec.  6.  1830.  Son  of  Hel- 
sey  B.  md.  Mary  A.  Keeney  of  Manchester,  Ct..  April  12,  1865.     A.  M.  Wesleyan  Univ. 

Carl  Darling  Buck,  prof,  of  Sanskrit  and  comparative  philology,  Universily  of 
Chicago  since  1S92.  Born  in  Bucksport,  Me.,  Oct.  2d,  1866.  Son  of  Edward  Buck,  grad- 
uate of  Yale,  1886-7.     Student  of  Leipzig,  Ger„  1889-92. 

Solan  Jestus   Buck,   Springfield,   111.,   1884,   author  "The   Granger   Movement,"   1S70- 

1880.  Harvard  hist,  studies,  384  pages,  Cambridge  Mass.,  1913. 

Dr.  Thomas  Buck,  University  of  111.,  Urbana,  bn.  Orland,  Hancock,  Co.,  Me.,  Dec.  25, 

1881.  Bangor  Sera.,  Maine,  1901.  Ph.  D.,  Chicago  Univ.,  1909.  Instr.  Maine,  1902-6.  Il- 
linois, 1909,  Fel.  Assoc.  Assist.  Math.  Society. 

James  M.  Buck,  author. 

Mertice  M.  C.  Buck,  author. 

Samuel  J.  Buck,  math.  prof.  Grinnell  Coll.,  Iowa,  bn.  Russia.  Herkimer  Co.,  N.  Y., 
July  4th,  1835.  Son  of  Samuel  and  Amity  (Mellington)  Buck  md.  Jane  Cory  of  Sylvania, 
Ohio.  Nov.  17,  1859.  A.  B.,  Oberlin  Coll.,  1858.  Theol.  sch.,  Oberlin,  1862.  D.  D.  Tabor 
Coll.,  in  1903. 

Edith  Cory,  dau.  Samuel  J.  and  Jane  (Cory)  Buck,  bn.  Oct.  22,  1860,  in  Sylvania, 
Ohio.  Grad.  of  Grinnell.  A.  M.  prof.,  Iowa  State  Teachers'  Coll..  Cedar  Falls,  la.  Au- 
thor, "Guide  and  Aids  in  Elementary  Instruction,"  1880;  second  ed.  revised,  1908.  William 
Parrot  &  Sons  Co.,  Waterloo,  la.,  Pubs. 

Jariah  Dewey  Buck,  physician,  bn.  in  Fredonia,  N.  Y.,  Nov.  20,  1838.  Son  of  Reuben 
and  Fanny  Buck  md.  Melissa  M.  Clough  of  Fredonia,  Oct.  3d,  1865.     Ed.  Belvidere,  111. 

96 


ihnni  A..  Pith,  and  Ed.  Philb  M..  &.u.  and  Ed.  Judson  <:..  An.  and  Prof.  Bami.  W., 
Col.  Pres.    Grace,  Art  Ins.     elms.   v..  Francis  '/'..  Daniel,  Edward  and  Cassius,  Rising 

Authors.     Willmarth    Genealogy. 

M.  D.,  Cleveland  Homo.  Coll.,  1864.  Author.  "Constructive  Psychology,"  1909,  and  various 
theosophical  works.  ("Who's  Who  in  America,"  pub.  by  A.  M.  Marquis  &  Co.,  Chicago, 
111.,  1899-1914). 

Henrv  Augustus  Buck,  bn.  in  Cincinnati.  Ohio,  Jan.  26,  1864.  Son  of  Elisha  A.  and 
Elizabeth' (Pries)  Buck.  Grad.  Harvard  Coll.,  1887.  Publisher  and  editor  of  the  "Spirit 
of  the  Times,"  Queens,  N.  Y„  1893. 

Miss  Bernice  Buck,  "In  a  Pull  House,"  1915. 

Philo  Melvin  Buck,  Jr.,  coll.  prof.,  author  and  editor,  bn.  in  Morristown,  N.  J.,  Feb. 
18,  1877.  Son  of  Rev.  Philo  Melvin  and  Caroline  (MacMillan)  Buck  of  Boston,  Mass. 
Grad.  Wesleyan  Univ.,  1897.  A.  M..  Harvard,  1900.  Md.  Altheia  Hall  of  Delaware,  Ohio, 
Aug.  27,  1902.  Eng.  instr.  in  Ohio  Wesleyan  Univ.,  1898-9.  Address,  2125  A  St.,  Lincoln, 
Neb. 

Judson  Geddings  Buck,  author,  "The  Free  Christian,"  1S40. 

Prof.  Samuel  Wells  Buck,  president  of  Lyndon  Hall  School,  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y.,  sons: 
Rev.  Josiah  Judson  Buck  of  Jewett,  Greene  Co.,  N.  Y..  bn.  in  New  Milford,  Ct.,  Mar. 
3,  1794,  son  of  Aseph  of  the  New  Milford  Colony,  bn.  April  21,  1762,  son  of  Enoch  of 
Scituate.  Plymouth  Co.,  Mass.,  bn.  Dec.  5,  1747.  Bro.  of  James,  bn.  Mar.  24,  1725.  and 
Elizabeth  Sherman  his  wife,  md.  Feb.  25.  174S,  sister  of  Roger  Sherman,  bn.  1721  at 
Newtown  near  Boston,  one  of  the  signers  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence.  Among 
the  collaterals  were  Senator  Hoar  of  Mass.  and  Evarts  of  N.  Y. 

A  dau.  of  Samuel  W.,  Miss  Grace  Buck,  is  art  teacher  at  "Glen  Eden,"  Poughkeepsie. 
N.  Y.,  where  they  reside.  Their  history:  The  Buck  Family  or  the  Buck  Book  (as  given 
me  in  detail)  starts  with  one  Richard  Le  Buck,  forester,  somewhere  in  France,  going 
later  to  England  with  William  of  Normandy  and  thus  bringing  the  family  down  with 
our  own  to  this  day  and  generation. 

Charles  Neville  Buck,  bn.  1879.  Author  of  "The  Portal  of  Dreams,"  1912  and  "The 
Call  of  the  Cumberlands,"  1913  and  "The  Battle  Cry."  a  dramatic  story  of  Kentucky 
life,  1914,  "The  Key  to  Yesterday,"  and  "The  Lighted  Match,"  1915. 

Francis  TillonBuck,  author  of  "A  Fiance  on  Trial,"  and  "A  Man  of  Two  Minds,"  pub. 
by  The  Merriam  Co.,  N.  Y.,  1896. 

Daniel  Buck,  author,  "Indian  Outbreaks."  1857  to  1904. 

Edward  Nelson  Buck,  author,  "Tonopah."  Nevada,  1910. 

Cassius  M.  Buck.  "Hist,  of  Pat.  Office,"  Wash.,  D.  C,  1890. 

George  V.  Buck,  artistic  photographer,  111::  F  St.  bet.  11th  and  12th  Streets,  N.  W., 
house  1325  13th  St.,  N.  W.,  Wash.,  D.  C.  Came  there  from  Schenectady,  N.  Y.,  of  Ger- 
man descent,  has  no  sons. 

Samuel  H.  Buck,  merchant. 

Robert  Buck,  director  Pacific  Bank  and  Pacific  Fire  Ins.  Co.,  N.  Y.  City. 

James  S.  Buck,  .educator. 

Prof.  Benj.  F.  Buck.  Fairmount  College.  Wichita.  Kansas,  prob.  son  of  Chas.  F., 
of  Waitsburg.  Walla  Walla  Co.,  Wash.,  and  Bucklin,  Ford  Co..  Kansas,  son  of  Addison 
of  Pittsford,  Vt. 

L.  G.  Buck,  prof,  of  law,  University  of  California,  lives  at  Berkeley,  prob.  son  of 
Lefferts,  son  of  Lemuel  of  Canton,  N.  Y. 

Judge  George  Buck,  son  of  Henry  L.  and  Ruth  (Ingalls)  Buck  of  Harrison,  Me.,  of 
Superior  Court,  Redwood  City,  near  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  since  1875. 

Willmarth  Genealogy.  Asa  Willmarth,  bn.  April  27.  1716,  died  Feb.  8,  1830,  (of  Eng- 
lish descent  John  Milmot,  Earl  of  Rochester  of  Oxfordshire,  Eng.,  1647-80.  See  "Wilmot 
familv"  of  New  Haven,  Ct.,  by  D.  L.  Jacobus.  1905).  .Md.  Sept.  20,  17.0.  Chine  Peck,  bn. 
Aug  10,  1741,  of  Huguenot  ancestry,  died  Oct.  22d,  1829.  of  North  Adams.  Mass..  moved  to 
Addison,  town  and  Co..  Vt.,  in  17S8,  had  sons;  Abel,  Asa,  Amos,  Ira  and  George  and  grand- 
sons: Stephen,  Henry  and  Jonathan;  and  girls:  Anna,  Lucy  and  Almira,  all  living  neai 
him  in  Willmarth  School  District  and  Neighborhood,  on  farms  in  valley  of  Lake  Cham 
plain,  under  Grand  View  Mountain,  on  or  near  main  road  to  Vergennes,  Vt.,  7  miles.  My 
maternal  grandfather.  Amos'  son  of  Asa  Willmarth,  bn.  June  2C,  1786,  at  North  Adams, 
Mass.,  died  Feb.  27.  1874.  at  East  Addison.  Vt..  md.  Dec.  31,  1806,  Anna,  dau.  of  Elijah 
and  Mercy  (Goodale)  Elmer  of  Northampton.  Mass..  md.  Aug.  6,  1778.  Dau.  of  Isaac 
and  Huldah  (Burt)  Goodale  died  Aug.  6,  177*.  bn.  Aug..  17.",::.  died  May  5.  1804.  of  Addi- 
son, Vt.,  1802,  son  of  Edward  and  Rebecca   (Wright)    Elmer,  bn.  Sept.,   1702.  died   Feb., 

97 


The   Will  in  intli    Genealogy    (Continued). 

1785,  of  Sunderland,  Vt.  at  Amherst,  Mass.,  died  Mar.  15th,  1863,  was  near  relative  of 
Silas  Wright,  bn.  at  Amherst,  May  24.  1795,  of  Weybridge,  Vt..  and  later  of  Canton,  N.  Y., 
being  a  Vt.  state  representative,  senator  and  comptroller  and  U.  S.  senator  1833-44,  and 
14th  governor  N.  Y.  state,  1844-6. 

The  Elmers  were  early  of  Andover,  Mass.,  whose  ancestors  came  from  Andover, 
Eng.,  in  1643,  and  settled  there  and  later  at  Amherst,  Mass. 

Amos  Willmarth  was  a  sergeant,  Ira  a  lieutenant  and  George  a  corporal  and  Abel  and 
Asa  privates  at  Port  Cassin  in  May  and  at  Battle  of  Plattsburg,  Sept.  11,  1814.  (See 
page  57).  Their  8  children,  all  bn.  in  Addison,  were  1st  Alma,  bn.  Oct.  19,  1808,  died 
June  13,  1847,  mil.  James  Miner,  son  of  Daniel,  a  banker  of  Monkton,  Vt.,  died  Jan.  22, 

1891,  and  had  dau.,  Helen  Amelia,  bn.  Dec.  26,  1830,  died  July  15,  1875,  md.  George  Stone 
July  4,  1850,  no  children;  2d  Mercy  (my  mother),  bn.  Nov.  25,  1813,  died  Aug.  27,  1873, 
iiid.  Dec.  1.  1836,  Helon,  son  of  Samuel  and  Mary  (Bush)  Buck,  merchant  of  Bridport, 
Vt.,  bn.  Mar.  22.  1809,  died  Oct.  24,  1891,  children:  Samuel,  Mercy  Ann,  Helon,  Jr.,  and 
Stephen,  bn.  to  them,  last  two  died  in  infancy.  (See  page  57)  3d  Dolly,  bn.  Jan.  18, 
1816,  died  Dec.  1,  1898,  md.  Mar.  26,  1835,  Cyrus,  son  of  Hiram,  son  of  Ira,  brother  of 
Ethan  Allen  of  the  Green  Mountain  Boys  and  taking  of  Fort  Ticonderoga  May  10,  1775. 
He  died  Aug.  9,  1S99.  They  had  son,  Willmarth  G.,  bn.  at  Bridport,  Vt.,  Feb.  27,  1836, 
died  Nov.  8.  1S94,  and  Jennie  A.  V.,  bn.  April  11,  1838,  died  there  single;  4th  Lucy,  bn. 
Feb.  13,  1818.  died  Mar.  20,  1905,  md.  Sept.  10,  1846,  Benj.  Sperry  Warner  died  Aug.  29, 
1855.  Amos  W„  bn.  June  29,  1847,  only  child,  died  Mar.  24,  1855.  in  infancy.  Md.  2d 
Hiram  Field  June  18,  1857,  he  died  May  30,  1893;  5th  Anna,  bn.  Nov.  22,  1821,  died  Jan. 
17,  1897,  md.  Feb.  14,  1839,  Henry  W.  Warner,  died  Sept.  28,  1859,  sons  of  Samuel  and 
Betsy  (Worcester)  Warner  of  Crown  Point,  N.  Y...  abolitionist,  son  of  Benj.,  "Rev. 
soldier  and  friend  of  the  slave,"  bn.  a  nephew  of  Col.  Seth  Warner  of  Vt.  Rev.  fame. 
Their  children:  Lucy  Ann,  bn.  June  9,  1842,  died  Mar.  2,  1878.  md.  Jan.  1,  1862,  Joseph 
B.  Murdock,  d.  Oct.  7,  1916,  chil.:  Virgil  B.,  bn.  May  13,  died  Oct.  30,  1867;  Isabelle  G.,  bn. 
Aug.  5.  1869,  died  April  15,  1881;  and  Mary  E.,  bn.  Oct.  30,  1863,  md.  Nov.  16,  1882,  Charles 
Dana  Miller  of  Newark,  Ohio,  who  died  July  24,  1898.  Children:  Myrtle,  bn.  Oct.  2,  18S4; 
Dana.  bn.  May  15,  1886;  Ruth  Bryant,  bn.  Dec.  15,  1887;  Joseph  B.,  bn.  July,  1891;  and 
Roy  Gillman,  bn.  June  24,  1893;  Julia  Ann,  bn.  April  2.  1844,  md.  Nov.  27.  1866,  Cyrus 
Botsford,  extensive  farmer  of  Vergennes.  Vt..  died  Jan.  11,  1890,  children: 
Annie    Marie,    bn.    April    10,    1868,    died    Dec,    1912,    md.    John     Harrington,    Oct.    5, 

1892,  children:  Ruth  Botsford,  bn.  Jan.  21.  1900,  and  Robert  Earl,  bn.  Oct.  14,  1904; 
Cyrus  Warner,  bn.  June  24,  INTO,  single,  on  homestead;  William  Henry,  bn.  July  12, 
1872,  md.  Kate  Elmer,  Aug.  10,  1899,  she  died  Apl.  27,  1905,  leaving  Clarence  Henry,  bn. 
Jan.  8,  1903,  and  Helen  Catherine,  bn.  Apl.  25,  1905,  and  Samuel  Booth,  bn.  Feb.  20,  1877, 
corporation  lawyer,  Buffalo,  N.  Y.;  Alma,  bn.  Mar.  30,  184G,  died  Dec.  21.  1878,  md.  July 
22,  1870,  William  W.  Cram,  Jr.,  died  Mar.  17.  1891,  children:  Anna  Almira.  bn.  June  22, 
1871,  md.  Nov.  27.  L90G,  John  M.  Galvin  of  Worcester,  Mass.,  William  Henry,  bn.  Aug.  6. 
1877,  died  May  30,  1893,  and  Seth,  bn.  Sept.  .">.  1854,  died  Apl.  21,  1856,  in  infancy,  md. 
2nd  Harris  Stafford  of  Essex,  N.  Y..  he  died  May  16,  1889;  6th,  Amos,  Jr.,  only  son,  bn.  May 
26,  1824,  died  July  27,  L891,  md.  Nov.  12.  L870,  Mary.  bn.  May  4,  1834,  dau.  of  Theron 
Bush  and  Mary  (Humphrey)  Smith,  large  farmer  of  Orwell  and  banker  of  Brandon,  Vt., 
she  died  Dec.  9,  1911,  they  had  2  sons:  Amos  Bush,  bn.  Apl.  1,  1S73,  single,  on  old 
homestead,  and  Klnier  Humphrey,  bn.  Sept.  22,  1874,  educator,  md.  Aug.  14,  1901,  Stella 
Humphrey  of  Victor.  N.  Y.,  dau.  of  Esther  Angeline,  bn.  Apl.  IS,  1903,  and  all  now  living 
in  Cleveland.  Ohio;  7th,  Julia  Maria,  bn.  Apl.  30,  1826,  died  Dec.  9,  1904,  md.  Dec.  31, 
1845,  George,  son  of  Myron  Smith  of  East  Middlebury,  Vt.,  architect  and  builder,  built 
"Willmarth  and  Buck  mansions"  and  several  fine  churches  and  public  buildings,  died 
Jan.  15,  1X70,  children:  Clinton  G„  bn.  Mar.  6,  1846,  mil.  Feb.  25,  18GS.  Alice  M.  While 
of  Middlebury,  Vt.  He  was  supervising  architect  and  inspector  of  construction  of  U.  S. 
Gov.  work  at  War  and  Navy  Bldg.,  Wash.,  D.  ('.,  for  several  years,  until  his  death  Aug. 
2,  1905.  Children:  Chas.  Lynn,  bn.  Aim.  8,  1869,  died  June  1,  1875,  in  infancy;  Clifton 
U..  bn.  July  16,  1S78,  md.  June  11.  1902.  Fannie  Eiker  of  Wash.,  D.  C,  son  Robert  Clinton, 
bn.  July  27.  1905;  Delmar  White,  bn.  Mar.  10,  1874,  md.  Helen  May  Davis  of  San  Francisco, 
Feb.  ".,  1906;  Helena  Mercy,  bn.  Jan.  4,  1872,  md.  June  22,  1895,  Prof.  Chas.  Jesse  Bullock 
of  Wash..  D.  C,  and  had  dau.  Grace  Helen,  bn.  Sept.  4,  1903;  Harold  B.,  bn.  Mar.  16,  1S82, 
md.  Oct.  17,  1906,  Elizabeth  Webb  Robinson  of  Wash.,  D.  C;  and  Leon  Neal,  bn.  Apl.  2, 
1889;  Julia  Etta,  bn.  Sept.  28,  1848,  md.  Belden  Shedrick  Oct.  19,  1870,  children:  Edith 
Mabel,   bn.   Nov.   17,    1SSG;    Smith    Chas.,   bn.   Oct.    7,    1X7:',.    md.    Mar.    6,    1895,   Faith   E. 

98 


Hist,  of  Sutton.  Mass.     our   Forebears   in    Waters   Family,     Saml.    Waters.     Nathaniel 

Waters.     Capt.  Reuben,  and  Col.  Jason  Waters.     Samuel  Buck  and  Samuel,  Jr.  there  in 

il'/.i-ui).     Waters'  Emit/ration  tu  Virginia.     Later  at   Woburn  and  Hingham.     Geo.  Buck 

Family.     Hist,  and  Fam.     Reg.  of  Shrewsbury,  Mass. 

Huntley  of  Chicago,  111.;  Etta  Elmere,  bn.  Dec.  7,  1895,  and  Howard  Smith,  twins.  He 
died  Mar.  4,  1898;  Helena  Faith,  bn.  Apl.  21,  1897;  Howard  Huntley,  bn.  May  6,  1S98; 
and  Elmer  B.,  bn.  Oct.  3,  1864,  md.  Sept.  7,  18S7.  Hattie  Congdon  of  Wallingford.  Vt, 
dau.  Laura  Ella,  bn.  Oct.  is.  1888;  8th.  Huldah  Fidelia,  bn.  Feb.  2S,  1831,  died  Mar.  23, 
190S,  md.  George,  son  of  Wheeler  French  Sept.  12,  1S52,  wealthy  farmer,  West  Addison, 
Vt„  died  Aug.  2,  19015,  leaving  no  children. 

History  of  Sutton,  Mass.,  from  1704  to  1S76,  by  Hon.  H.  A.  Tracy  and  William  A. 
Benedict,  A.  M.  Pages  738  to  743,  Worcester,  Mass.,  1S7S.  Our  Forebears  in  the  Waters 
Family.  Elizabeth  Waters,  bn.  Nov.  1G,  1732.  Wife  of  Isaac  Buck,  bn.  about  1735  and 
md.  Feb.  10,  1758,  2nd  dau.  of  Samuel  Waters,  Baptist  elder  and  famous  hoe  maker  of 
Sutton  and  Rachel  Holman  of  Newbury  his  wife  md.  Nov.  13.  1729. 

Samuel  Waters  was  son  of  Richard  Waters  and  Martha  Read,  md.  Mar.  3,  1697,  at 
Salem,  Mass.  Richard  was  son  of  John  Waters  and  Sarah  Tomkins  md.  June  1,  1663. 
John  was  son  of  Richard  Waters  and  Rejoice  Plaise  md.  June  21,  1G36.  She  was  dau. 
of  William  Plaise,  gunsmith  of  Salem;  they  were  Congregationalists  and  of  the  first 
settlers  of  Salem. 

Nathaniel  Waters,  fisherman  and  mariner,  son  of  John  and  Sarah  Waters,  married 
Elizabeth,  dau.  of  John  and  Elizabeth  King,  Dec.  12,  1699,  and  had  a  dau.  Elizabeth  who 
md.  Isaac  Cook,  cordwainer,  June  17,  1726. 

John  Waters,  son  of  Richard  and  Joice  or  Rejoice  Plaise  had  a  dau.  Elizabeth, 
baptized  Dec.  26,  1642,  and  died  a  spinster  (  unmarried  I   Apl.  12,  1662. 

Capt.  Ruben  Waters  was  a  merchant  and  Col.  Jason  Waters  was  a  tavern  keeper  at 
Sutton  Center.  Samuel  Buck  and  Samuel  Buck,  Jr.,  who  md.  Elizabeth  Plant,  Apl.  27, 
1741,  were  at  North  Sutton  in  1742  and  signed  a  petition  for  division  of  town  Sept.  8,  1742. 
(Savage's  Gen.  Diet.,  4th  vol.,  pages  433-6).  Samuel  also  was  In  census  of  1790  with 
wife  and  dau. 

There  were  two  of  the  Waters'  name  in  Woburn  about  1675.  Joseph  and  Samuel 
descendants  of  Lawrence  Waters,  the  latter  had  a  large  family. 

Gen.  Elijah  Waters  was  at  Hingham.  Suffolk  Co.,  in  1790  with  wife,  2  sons  and  3 
daus.  From  Hotten's  English  Emigrants,  "Muster,"  pages  101,  187.  253.  272  and  459.  we 
have  of  Waters  transported  or  living  in  Virginia,  Fell.  16,  1623,  viz.:  Edward,  age  40,  in 
"the  Patience."  1608;  Grace,  age  21,  in  "the  Diana,"  1618;  William  and  Margaret  born  in 
Virginia,  pages  187-253;  Jo.,  age  29.  in  transport;  Ed.  Walker,  muster  from  Gravesend, 
London,  page  101;  Thomas,  had  100  acres  by  patent  at  Warosquoiacke  (Indian)  planta- 
tion, near  Hog  Island,  Virginia  (above  James  City  Island);  Mary,  15  acres  in  parish 
register.  Hired  servant  and  9  negroes  St.  Michael's  Parish,  Barbadoes.  page  459. 
Trade  was  brisk  and  tickets  were  granted  to  emigrants  from  the  Barbadoes  to  New 
England,  Virginia,  and  other  ports  in  1678  and  9,  and  Lawrence  and  family  may  have 
reshipped  to  Woburn  before. 

George  Buck,  bn.  1707.  died  Aug.  1777,  and  wife  Grace,  bn.  1710,  died  at  Worthing- 
ton,  Feb.  7,  1793.  Family  came  from  Northampton  to  Chesterfield,  Mass..  in  1700,  was 
first  permanent  settler  there.  Had  married  son  Mathew  Buck  and  wife  there  in  1778, 
and  Daniel  with  wife,  3  sons  and  3  daus..  and  Isaac  with  wife,  6  sons  and  2  daus.,  with 
whom  he  lived,  there  in  1790.  Also  Thomas  and  wife.  5  sons  and  3  daus.,  nearby,  only 
5  miles  distant  in  adjoining  town  of  Worthington,  Hampshire  Co.,  Mass.,  in  1790. 
Samuel  was  undoubtedly  at  Concord  and  Lexington  Apl.  19,  1775,  at  commencement  of 
Rev.  as  they  resided  near  there  at  Wilmington  and  was  subscriber  to  "Boston  Port  Bill 
Relief"  June  1,  1774. 

"By  the  rude  bridge  that  arched  the  flood 
Their  flag  to  April's  breeze  unfurled 
Here  once  the  embattered  farmers  stood 
And  fired  the  shot  heard  round  the  world." — Com  ant.  Apl.,  1774. 

History  and  Family  Register  of  Shrewsbury  (Worcester  Co.,  Mass.,).  Province  of 
Mass.  Bay,  New  Eng..  from  its  settlement  in  1717  to  1829,  by  Andrew  H.  Ward  of  Boston, 
1847.  Family  Register,  page  242.  John  Bush,  born  July  8,  1699,  (son  of  Abiel,  who 
married  Grace  Berrett.  both  of  Marlboro,  June  27,  1688),  was  on  house  lot  No.  38  of 
Abiah  Bush,  61  acres,  of  Shrewsbury,  Mass.,  Dec.  18,  1717  or  18,  and  in  1729.  Wife 
Mary  Temple  of  Marlboro  md.  Apl.  24,  1723.  He  died  July  14,  1757,  aged  58  years. 
Jonathan,  2nd  son  of  John,  born  May  23,  1729,  md.  Hepzibah,  dau.  of  Dea.  Cyprian  Keyes 

99 


78835J 


Our  Forebears  in  Hush   Fam.     Saml.  Buck  of  Bridport,  17..  .1/'/.  Mary  Bush  of  Becket, 

Muss..   I  inn.  of  Stephen.     Hotten's  Eng.   Emigrants.     Bush   Families.     Stephen  Bush   of 

Westfield.     17.   Buslis.     Bush   Smith,  Banker.     William   Oscar  Bush  Mil.  a  Greeley. 

Mar.  24,  1750.  Col.  Jotham,  2nd  son  of  .Totham.  bn.  Apl.  8,  1757,  ml  Mary,  dan.  of  John 
Taylor  of  Northboro  June  2X,  17X1,  and  died  in  1837,  aged  80  years,  Levi,  brother  of 
Col.  Jotham,  went  to  New  York  State,  (on  the  Hudson,  the  Rye  branch  in  Westchester 
Co.,  probably),  had  a  family  and  afterward  lived  in  Worcester,  Mass.  He  was  born 
Mar.   26.    1763. 

From  Genealogical  Dictionary  by  James  Savage,  Boston,  1SG0,  vol.  1,  page  317,  we 
have:  Zechariah  Bush  md.  Mercy  Loomis  (born  Nov.  2,  171S)  June  21,  1741,  at  Weathers- 
field,  Mass.  Capt.  Zechariah  2nd.  bn.  Oct.  25,  1742,  at  Westfield,  removed  to  Martins- 
burgh,  Lewis  Co.,  N.  Y.,  about  1802.  Joseph  of  Newtown  (Newton,  Mass.,  probably  son 
of  John),  by  wife  Hannah,  was  father  of  Zechariah.  bn.  Sept.  2(3,  1090.  John  of  Cam- 
bridge, 1652,  by  his  wife  Elizabeth  was  the  father  of  Joseph,  bn.  Aug.  16,  1054.  Polly  or 
Mary  Bush,  bn.  at  Becket,  Mass..  Aug.  28,  17":'.,  wife  of  Samuel  Buck  of  Bridport,  Vt., 
was  the  dau.  of  Stephen  Bush,  bn.  Aug.  3,  174s,  who  was  probably  brother  of  Capt. 
Zechariah,  bn.  Oct.  25,  1742,  of  Westfield,  Hampshire  Co.,  in  1790.  son  of  Zechariah  and 
Mercy  (Loomis)  Bush.  There  was  also  a  Jonathan  at  Springfield  in  1678,  and  Enfield 
in  16S5  and  1790,  at  first  census,  who  had  children  in  both  towns.  Also  a  Samuel  at 
Suffield  in  1697,  and  Springfield  in  1G86,  and  Westfield,  by  wife  Mary,  who  Aug.  2,  1687, 
had  Ebenezer.  bn.  9  days  before  being  baptized,  and  by  2nd  wife,  Abigail,  bn.  June  12, 
1705,  (and  he  had  7th  of  May,  17::::  I,  other  children  also,  who  probably  were  the  Merietta. 
Ohio,  branch,  which  was  settled  in  17XX  to  98  in  the  Muskingum  valley,  as  a  province  of 
Connecticut,  by  emigrants  among  whom  were  the  Bushes. 

Prom  Hotten's  English  Emigrants,  1600  to  1700,  we  have  of  Hushes  as  follows: 
John,  age  22,  from  port  of  London  in  ship  Alexander,  2nd  of  May,  1635.  Also  John, 
age  17,  in  transport,  4th  July,  1635,  and  living  at  Elizabeth  City  in  Virginia  in  1624. 
(Pages  71,  101,  1SS,  257,  and  27:'.).  Susan,  20,  in  -'The  George,"  1617,  (page  249). 
Walter,  ship  "White  Fox"  of  London,  Mar.  26,  1679  (page  4:'.::».  ami  Widow,  hired 
sen  ant   (  page  442). 

Stephen  Bush  was  born  Aug,  ::.  1748,  at  Westfield.  Mass.,  md.  Caroline  Messenger, 
bn.  Oct.  19.  1754,  tavern  keeper's  dau.  of  Becket,  Mass.,  in  1771,  and  had  children: 
Stephen  born  Dec.  23,  1771;  Mary  bn.  Aug.  2x.  177::;  Esther,  bn.  Apl.  15,  1779:  Caroline, 
bn.  Aug.  2i:,  17N2:  Nathan,  bn.  Apl.  25,  ITM;  and  Eli,  bn.  Aug.  22,  17S6.  She  died  in 
17x:i.  and  he  md.  for  2nd  wife  the  widow  Hall  (Obedience  Pixley),  bn.  Aug.  4,  1755,  and 
had  son  William,  bn.  Mar.  7,  1791,  and  dau.  Charlotte,  bn.  July  24,  1794.  He  moved  to 
Orwell,  Vt.,  after  his  first  wife  died  in  1790  and  he  died  there  Dec.  25,  1817:  aged  74. 
He  had  a  brother  Ebenezer,  who  lived  in  Shoreham,  Vt.,  and  was  killed  at  West 
Haven,  Vt.,  by  a  falling  tree,  in  a  sleigh  on  way  to  visit  friends  in  Mass.,  during  a  wind 
storm.  He  had  a  son  Ebenezer,  a  wagon  maker  and  justice  there  and  another  son 
Charles  and  dau.  Agnes. 

Stephen,  son  of  Stephen,  born  in  Becket,  Mass.,  Dec.  23,  1771,  md.  in  1797,  Abigail 
Nichols,  bn.  July  6,  1772,  died  .May  1,  1831,  was  of  Scottish  descent.  He  was  a  carpenter 
and  was  at  Fort  Cassin,  constructing  fleet  and  in  Battle  of  Plattsburgh  in  May  and 
June,  1814,  under  Alex  Partis,  Suptd.  Dis.  June  1st,  and  David  a  private  in  12th  Inft. 
dis.,  at  Champlain  Aug.  11,  1X14,  under  Lieut.  Col.  Forsyth.  He  died  Oct.  28,  1S51,  aged 
79.  They  had  12  children:  Aurelia,  Stephen  N.,  Caroline,  Abigail.  Lucinda,  Henry, 
Hiram,  Horace,  Hiland,  Pixley,  Mary  and  Esther.  Mary  (or  Molly  or  Polly  as  she  was 
called),  dau.  of  Stephen  and  Caroline,  born  at  Becket,  Mass.,  Aug.  28,  1773.  md.  Oct.  28, 
1790,  Samuel  Buck,  bn.  Oct.  29,  1767,  in  New  Milford,  Ct.,  and  resided  in  Bridport,  Vt. 
(My  grandfather). 

Nathan  lived  in  Orwell.  Vt..  until  1X22.  moved  to  Lawrence,  St.  Lawrence  Co.,  N.  Y., 
and  from  there  to  Wisconsin  and  died  in  Goshen,  Vt.,  aged  90  years,  manufactured  chairs, 
brooms  and  ax-helves.  Had  one  son  William,  and  several  daus.  Esther  md.  Theron 
Smith,  their  son  Theron  Bush  Smith  md.  1st  wife  Mary  Humphrey,  extensive  farmer  of 
Orwell  and  banker  of  Brandon,  Vt..  (from  whence  this  record  of  the  family).  Caroline 
md.  Homer  Smith  and  lived  near  "Slab  City,"  Leeds  Co.,  Canada  West.  William  md. 
Amelia  Spencer,  lived  in  Orwell,  had  3  sons  and  3  daus.  Sons  were:  Albert,  William, 
Oscar  and  Jabez,  and  he  afterward  eloped  with  Phila  Porter  to  Rochester,  N.  Y.  One  son 
William  Oscar  of  Clymer,  N.  Y.,  md.  Margaret  W.,  dau.  of  Zacceus  and  Mary  Greeley, 
then  of  West  Haven,  Vt„  a  young  sister  of  Horace  Greeley  of  New  York,  their  children 
were:    Eugene,    Arthur   and    Evangeline.      (Greeley   Genealogy,    Boston,    1905,    by    G.    H. 

100 


Q-z 


Of  BucK   Pi  intin     ' 

Randolph.  Vt. 


Vermont  Hicks.     William  nml  Fnmihi.     Samuel,  Son  of  Samuel  of  Sutton.  Muss.    Jona- 
than.    Walter.     Family. 

Greeley  of  East  Boston,  pages  329  and  674.  Pub.  by  Prank  Wood,  352  Wash.  St.). 
Charlotte  md.  James  Hull  of  Orwell,  died  aged  79,  offspring  2  sons  of  which  R.  S.  Hull. 
real  estate  dealer  of  Denver.  Colo.,  in  lssl,  is  one  and  4  dans.,  one  of  whom  mil.  a 
Brewer,  another  a  Sanford  and  another  a  Sampson,  noted  sheep  breeders  and  raisers  of 
Orwell,  Vt.,  then  residing  there. 

Bucks  of  Marshfield  and  Newport,   Vt. 

William  Buck  (probably  son  of  Isaac  of  Tunbridge,  bn.  .Mar.  3,  1772,  a  Rev.  soldier, 
son  of  Isaac  of  Williamstown,  Orange  Co.,  Vt.,  in  census  of  1790,  (see  page  81)  who  was 
killed  in  battle  of  Plattsburgh  Sept.  11.  1814)  was  bn.  at  Tunbridge,  Orange  Co.,  Vt.,  in 
1810,  md.  Mary  Jane  Dow  in  1865,  and  resided  in  Marshfield,  Wash.  Co.,  near  Montpelier. 
He  died  in  Virginia  in  1S65.  Was  a  soldier  in  the  Civil  War.  They  had  9  children,  first 
.-)  bn.  in  Marshfield:  1st  Chas  M.,  bn.  July  1."..  In  11,  md.  on.  15,  1807,  Tamah  Sbirlaw  of 
Troy,  Vt.,  lives  in  Newport  Center,  Orleans  Co.,  Vt.  She  died  Feb.  20,  1880,  children: 
William  H.,  bn.  Feb.  14,  1S75.  md.  Helen  Sweet  Dec.  24,  1914.  and  have  dau.  Aline  T„  bn. 
Mar.  20,  1909;  Martha  J.,  bn.  Apl.  20,  1878,  md.  John  Page  Jan.  1,  1900.  (have  no  children)  ; 
Chas,  M.  md.  for  2nd  wife  Flora  Russell  of  Newport  and  they  have  dau.  Helen  M..  bn. 
Feb.  11.  1908;  2nd  Almira,  bn.  in  1st::,  md.  Feb.  2.  1862,  Elisha  Brickett  of  Derby  Center, 
Vt.:  3rd  William  H..  bn.  in  1844,  died  in  1876,  md.  in  1862  at  [rasburg,  Vt.,  Mary  Ordway 
of  Troy,  Vt.  (no  descendants  given);  4th  George  W..  bn.  in  Cabot,  Vt.,  Sept.  26,  1845,  md. 
Oct.  15,  1*74.  Margaret  Wing  of  Troy,  Vt.,  she  died  Jan.  26,  1915,  children:  George  Hol- 
lister,  bn.  Jan.  31,  1S7S,  md.  in  1900,  Cora  Jennie  Bronson  bn.  Mar.  15,  isso.  and  live  in 
Charleston,  Vt.,  and  have  7  children:  Mary  Jane,  bn.  Sept.  13,  1901,  Lily  Myrtle,  bn.  Dec. 
25,  1902,  Madeline  Josey,  bn.  Jan.  25,  1905,  Majory  Myra,  bn.  Aug.  23,  190S,  Georgia 
Anna,  bn.  Dec.  23,  1912,  Lester  Edson,  bn.  Mar.  s.  1913,  and  Katherine  Jessie,  bn.  Aug. 
2x,  L914;  Grace  I.,  bn.  Mar.  19,  lssn,  md.  Rush  Patrick  of  [rasburg,  Vt.,  and  have  7  chil- 
dren: Archibald,  bn.  Jan.  31,  18S2  (single),  Margaret,  Im.  Mar.  8,  lssl,  md.  1st  William 
Newton,  2nd  Albert  Benson  of  59  Rose  St.,  Rosindale,  Mass.,  Daniel,  bn.  Aug.  ::.  1888, 
md.  Annie  Sanville.  live  in  Irashurg.  Vt.,  Mary  Jane,  bn.  July  12,  1S92.  died  Dec.  1,  1S98. 
Westey,  bn.  July  12.  1894,  I  single)  and  Vera,  bn.  Sept.  20,  isOS,  died  Oct.  25,  191."..  in 
maidenhood;  5th  Jane,  bn.  in  1847,  died  in  1895,  md.  in  1865,  John  Connel  of  Lowell, 
Mass.;  6th  Sarah,  bn.  in  1S49,  died  in  1892,  md.  Nov.  7,  1878,  Joseph  Wing  of  Troy,  Vt; 
7th  John  Q.,  bn.  at  Cabot.  Vt.,  in  1851,  md.  July  25,  1881,  Jane  Fifield  of  Troy,  and  now 
reside  at  2:1  Middle  St.,  Newport,  Vt.,  children:  Morris  C,  bn.  in  Topeka,  Kans..  in  1883, 
(single)  of  Newport,  Vt.,  custom  house  officer,  formerly  of  Derby  Line  near  Newport, 
transferred  to  Island  Pond,  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  Essex  Co..  Vt.,  Leona  M.,  bn.  in  New- 
port, in  1SS4,  md.  July  5,  1906,  H.  A.  Schoolcraft  of  Coventry ,  Vt,  and  have  children: 
Rita  A„  bn.  Jan.  26,  1907,  Vic  Beryl,  bn.  Mar.  22,  1908,  Alida  E.,  bn.  Sept.  4,  1909,  all  bn. 
in  Newport,  Vt,  now  live  at  68  Holyoke  St.,  Springfield,  Mass.  Clessie  H„  bn.  at  New- 
port in  1892,  md.  Dec.  28,  1914,  R.  E.  Lyford  at  Derby  Center  and  have  son  Wallace  E.. 
bn.  Aug.  16,  1915,  at  Newport  where  they  reside:  sib  Martha,  bn.  in  Newport,  Vt..  in 
1853,  died  in  1863;  9th  Homer  11..  bn.  in  Newport,  Feb.  7.  1856,  md.  Nov.  7.  1878,  Etosetta 
M.  Wing  of  Troy,  Vt,  (double  wedding  of  Homer  and  Sarah)  live  a!  Newport  Center  and 
have  8  children:  1st  Clarence  Homer,  bn.  Jan.  3.  1879.  md.  in  1902.  Matilda  Labounty  of 
Newport,  children:  Arthur  H.,  bn.  in  1903  and  Hazel  M,  bn.  L908;  2nd  Herman  Arthur, 
bn.  Feb.  11,  1881,  md.  in  1902  (sister)  Rilla  Labounty  or  Newport,  children:  Velina  G., 
bn.  in  1903,'  Helen  M.,  bn.  in  1905,  Harold  A.,  died  in  infancy.  Henry,  bn.  l'.HO.  Stella,  bn. 
in  1912,  and  Gladys  bn.  in  1915;  3rd  Alice  Mae,  bn.  June  20.  1886,  md.  in  1903.  William 
Drew  of  Newport  children:  Myrtle  L.,  bn.  1904,  Dora  M..  bn,  1906,  and  Arline.  bn.  in 
1913;  4th  Ralph  Morton,  bn.  Aug.  26,  1SS9  (single);  5th  Earle  Hush.  bn.  Apl.  17.  1892 
(single);  6th  Claude  Rodney,  bn.  July  31,  1896;  7th  Carroll  Edgar,  bn.  Nov.  8,  1898;  8th 
Madge  Esther,  bn.  Aug.  24,  1900. 

Samuel  Buck,  son  of  Samuel  of  Sutton.  Mass.,  md.  Elizabeth  Blant,  Apl.  27.  1711. 
was  there  at  North  Sutton  in  1742   (see  page  99)   with  wife  and  dau.  in  census  of   1790. 

Jonathan,  probably  son  of  Samuel,  Sr.,  resided  in  Oxford,  Worcester  Co.,  near  Sutton 
in  170.2,  was  one  of  the  first  settlers  of  that   town. 

Walter  Buck  (probably  son  of  Jonathan,  who  removed  to  Addison  Co.,  Vt,.  with 
wife,  son  and  2  daus.  was  there  in  census  of  1790),  was  bn.  June  30,  1790,  died  Nov.  20, 
1874.'  Farmer  and  machinist.  Brookfield,  Vt.,  md.  Dec.  31,  1811,  Jerusa  Darling  of 
Berlin,  Vt,  bn.  1794,  died  in  May.  is.'.o.  n  children,  all  bn.  in  Berlin,  Vt.:  1st,  l.avina.  bn. 
Jan.  1,'  1813,  md.  Ora  Perkins  and  died  soon  after;   2nd.  Permella,  bn.  Nov.   17,   1814,  md. 

101 


Vermont  Burks.     Killingly,  Ct.     Bucks. 

Alex  Freeman  and  had  2  children  I  now  all  dead):  :',rd,  Elizabeth  D.,  bn.  Mar.  25,  1817, 
died  Oct.  24,  1901,  mil.  David  W.  Reed,  Dec.  25,  1854,  had  no  children,  (adopted  dau.  now 
Mrs.  Minnie  Goodwin  of  Omro,  Wis.):  1th,  Emily,  bn.  Dec.  13,  IMS,  died  single  (in 
1903  at  Brother  Lovens,  Waupaca,  Wis.);  5th,  Asseneth  D.,  bn.  1820,  nid.  Jan.  1,  184G, 
Rev.  Andrns  A.  Reed,  son  Azro  died  at  19  years,  (adopted  Carrie,  who  md.  1st,  a  Root, 
2nd,  a  Carey,  and  have  dau.  Nellie  and  2  sons:  DeWitt  and  Henry.  Nellie  md.  Z.  L. 
Jewell  of  Chicago  and  have  one  dan.):  6th,  Walter  J.,  bn.  Jan.  IS,  1823,  died  Mar.  24, 
1854.  meat  and  provision  dealer.  Montpelier.  Vt.,  md.  July  4,  1848,  Sophia  H.  Smith  of 
Brookfield,  Vt..  bn.  Oct.  6,  1S24,  died  Aug.  5,  1891,  children:  Herbert  D.,  bn.  Jan.  29,  and 
died  July  22,  1S50.  Walter  S.  S.,  bn.  June  5,  1854.  in  Wash.  Co..  Vt.,  (since  1875  in  print- 
ing and  publishing  business,  was  editor  and  proprietor  of  "The  Riverside"  newspaper, 
W'.lls  River,  Vt.,  two  years  later  local  editor  of  the  "Northfield  News,"  and  published 
"Duck's  Monthly,"  and  the  "Vermont  Monthly,"  several  years,  now  of  the  "Buck 
Printing  Co.,"  Book  &  Job  Printers  and  Stationery,  with  his  son-in-law  Edward  C.  Buck 
at  Randolph,  Vt.),  md.  Oct.  2,  1N7S,  Elmma  E.  Perry,  bn.  Mar.  20,  1859,  of  Williamstown, 
Vt.,  children:  Harold  W.  ('.,  bn.  at  Wells  River.  Vt..  Nov.  11.  1879.  died  an  infant  Mar. 
15,  1SS0;  Emogene  S..  bn.  June  10.  1881,  md.  Edward  C.  Buck,  Aug.  9,  1899  (of  another 
branch),  and  has  dau.  Iris  C,  bn.  May  12,  1890;  Alice  M.,  bn.  May  IS,  1889;  and  Dorothy 
M.,  bn.  May  22.  1896,  all  bn.  in  Randolph,  Vt.:  7th.  John,  bn.  Jan.  4,  1824,  died  May  24, 
1911.  nid.  Jan.  is.  is:,:;,  Sarah  K.  Sayburn  of  Won  ester,  Mass.,  she  died  Nov.  24,  1911. 
He  was  foreman  in  woolen  Mill,  Ludlow,  Vt.,  children  (all  bn.  there);  Walter  M.,  bn. 
Oct.  9,  1854,  died  July  9.  1863;  Florence  E.,  bn.  June  10,  1S5G;  Nellie  G..  bn.  Feb.  14, 
1858,  nid.  J.  Rolla  Barney,  a  glover  of  Springfield,  Vt..  and  have  2  children:  Jessie  M.. 
bn.  Dec.  10,  1887,  md.  Emery  F.  West,  machinist  of  Chelsea,  Mass.,  and  have  dau.  Eleanor 
M..  Im  .May  20,  1911;  and  Harold  It.,  bn.  Jan.  22.  1S94;  Jessie  A.,  bn.  Nov.  4,  1863,  md. 
Chas.  B.  Clark,  druggist,  Worcester,  Mass.,  and  have  son  John  B.;  8th,  William  L.,  bn. 
Sept.  7,  1826,  died  June  15,  1S9S.  He  was  a  carpenter  and  builder  of  Brookfield,  nid. 
Oct.  15,  1821,  Lois  Gaylord,  bn.  Oct.  15,  1821,  died  Dec.  9,  1902,  children:  Dwigbt  L.,  bn. 
June  17.  1850,  md.  Emma  J.  Mills  Aug.  2.",.  1874,  wheelright  of  Fast  Roxbury,  Vt..  chil- 
dren: Lillian  S.,  bn.  Nov.  12.  Is;.".,  md.  Howard  A.  Edison,  June.  1906,  of  Washington, 
I).  C,  son  Ralph,  bn.  Dec.  11,  1909;  Arthur  W.,  bn.  Sept.  22,  1855,  died  Jan.  5,  1861; 
Clara  M.,  bn.  Aug.  29.  1857,  nid.  1st.  Alpheus  G.  llibbard  of  East  Brookfield,  Vt.,  Aug.  29, 
1875,  (adopted  child  Florence  E.,  bn.  Mar.  1900);  2nd  m.  Levi  D.  Carr  of  Williamstown, 
Vt.,  June  2:;.  1914;  Nellie  A.,  bn.  Aug.  s,  1859,  md.  Heber  J.  Thwing  Sept.  21.  1S82.  He 
was  in  the  granite  and  hardware  business  at  Barre  and  Northfield.  Vt.,  died  Dec.  9,  1915, 
children:  Bessie  E.,  bn.  Jan.  2)',.  iss.",,  md.  Leon  C.  Smith  June  23,  1905,  merchant,  North- 
field,  Vt.,  and  now  stuck  farmer,  Barre,  Vt.,  have  2  children:  Wendell  T.,  bn.  July  3, 
190S;  Thelma  E.,  bn.  Sept.  7,  1909;  and  Gordon  T..  bn.  Feb.  14.  1913;    Emma  I...  bn.  May 

19.  1862,  died  Mar.  ::.  1911.  md.  Richard  E.  Churchill  in  Nov.,  1S89,  and  had  5  children: 
Leland  T.,  bn.  Sept.  28,  1891,  md.  and  has  :!  children:  Zylphia  ('..  bn.  July  24,  1893;  Mil- 
dred VI.,  bn.  May  21.  1895;  Richard  W„  bn.  May  21.  1S97;  and  Winston  H.,  bn.  Aug.  11, 
1899;  Celia  M..  bn.  Apl.  14.  1878,  md.  Alexander  Beaton  in  Aug.,  1903,  granite  manu- 
facturer, South  Ryegate,  Vt..  1  child,  Barbara  A.,  bn.  July  29.  1909;  Lawrence  D..  bn.  Apl. 
29,  issu,  (single),  now  of  New  Smyrna,  Fla.,  and  Carrol  IL,  bn.  Mar.  1.",,  died  Oct.  9, 
1897;   9th  Loren  E.,  bn.  July  21.  1833.  a  skilled  machinist,  died  in  Waupaca,  Wis.,  Sept. 

20.  1915.  He  enlisted  in  Co.  117.  Wis.  Inft.  and  served  to  end  of  Civil  War.  Married 
Taner  11.  Brown  of  San  Prairie,  Wis.,  in  1875,  children:  Emily  md.  George  Lincoln,  and 
Agie  md.  Clinton  Lincoln  (both  these  girls  died  several  years  ago).  A.  L.  Buck  of 
Tenney.  Minn.,  md.  Cella  Christianson,  of  Newligh,  Neb.  Lillian  A.  Barry  of  St.  Louis, 
Chas.,  who  lives  on  the  old  homestead  at  Brookfield.  Orange  Co.,  Vt.  Walter  of  Oakland, 
Cal.     Arthur  of  Goldbeach,  Oregon.     Genevive  nid.  a  Cary. 

Buck  family  of  Killingly.  Windham  Co.,  Ct.,  probably  children  of  David  of  Killingly, 
grandson  of  David  of  Emanuel  of  Weathersfield,  who  had  large  family  in  census  of 
1790.  Children:  1st,  Margaret,  bn.  Feb.  5,  1701;  2nd,  Parley,  bn.  Dec.  2,  17G3,  (was  at 
Hanover,  Grafton  Co.,  N.  H„  in  1790,  a  single  man):  3rd,  Tamer,  bn.  Jan.  9.  1765;  4th, 
Tenney,  bn.  Feb.  28,  1  767;  5th,  Reuben,  bn.  Jan.  9.  1769,  (was  at  Hanover.  N.  H.,  in  1790) 
single  man  and  noted  checker  player,  scholar  and  arithmetician,  died  Feb.  28,  1817,  aged 
,9:  6th,  Walter,  bn.  Dec-.  22.  1771.  of  Waterford,  Vt..  (wealthy  man,  helped  the  Fair- 
banks to  establish  their  scale  business  at  St.  Johnsbury,  near  by  on  Connecticut  river), 
md.  Martha  Green  Feb.  2(J,  179.".,  lately  of  Dalton,  Mass.;  7th,  Elizabeth,  bn.  Aug.  18,  1775, 

102 


Walter  Buck  Family  of  Dalton,  Mass..  later  of  Waterford.  Vt.,  and  Descendants  o)  Charles- 
ton, Vt.     Walter  Buck  Family. 

died  May  29,  1S16,  aged  78;  8th,  William,  bn.  Nov.  2,  1779,  mil.  Mai-.  16,  1siil',  Charlotte 
Seymour,  bn.  Aug.  10,  1786;  ami  9th,  Lyman,  bn.  Oct.  8,  1766,  of  Haverhill,  N.  II..  who 
had  a  son  Lyman,  Jr.,  who  md.  Lucia  Wallace  Kasson  Dec.  21,  1  xr>S.  He  died  Feb  •"■. 
1883. 

Walter  Buck's  family,  probably  of  Dalton,  Berkshire  Co.,  Mass..  and  later  of  Water- 
ford,  Vt„  were  Lucy,  bn.  Nov.  S,  179.").  Charles,  bn.  May  8,  1797.  md.  Feb.  II.  1819, 
Hannah  Caswell.  William,  bn.  Doc  S,  179s.  md.  1st.  Mar.  15,  1S21,  Betsy  Baker,  children: 
Miron  P.,  bn.  Apl.  4,  1826,  in  Waterford,  Vt,  died  in  Charleston,  Vt,  Mar.  3,  1899,  md. 
Mary  I..  Leavett,  bn.  in  Barton,  Vt.,  died  Apl.  15,  1890,  md.  Sept.  27.  1840,  2nd  wife 
Amanda  Fletcher,  bn.  July  2:',,  1813.  Wilson,  bn.  Feb.  9,  ism,  md.  1st,  June  2."..  1825, 
I.orana  Smith  of  Charleston,  Vt.,  their  son  Cyrus  died  Feb.  is.  I860;  md.  2nd  wife  Anna 
Caswell  in  1852  of  Isle  La  Motte.  Vt..  bn.  in  1814,  she  died  in  1895.  He  died  Sept.  17. 
1875,  in  75th  year.  Walter,  bn.  June  29,  1835,  died  Aug.  29,  1882.  farmer,  Charleston,  md. 
Jan.  1st.  18G9,  Lizzie  Bly,  bn.  Aug.  28,  1845,  and  had  sons:  1st,  John  B..  bn.  Nov.  4,  1869, 
md.  Dec.  25,  1S92,  Lizzie  A.  Crandall.  bn.  Oct.  23,  1871,  children:  Beatrice  L„  bn.  Jan.  11, 
1896,  and  Aris  A„  bn.  Nov.  26,  1899,  died  in  infancy;  2nd,  Eugene  \\\.  bn.  Apl.  17.  1872, 
md.  Sept.  27,  1894,  Clara  E.  Allard,  bn.  Feb.  1.  1875;  3rd,  1  eon  G-.,  bn.  May  4,  1875,  md. 
Jan.  26,  1898,  Lizzie  B.  Campbell,  bn.  June  28,  1876,  children:  Vanessa  M..  bn.  Jan.  26, 
1899,  died  Feb.  8.  1908,  and  Ivan  W„  bn.  Oct.  24,  1901.  who  all  reside  in  East  Charleston, 
Vt.  Horace,  bn.  Feb.  22,  1803,  md.  Apl.  27,  1S25,  Polly  Caswell,  their  dan.  Amanda,  bn. 
1845  md.  Frank  C.  Albee  of  Littleton,  N.  H.  He  died  in  May,  1914.  leaving  only  son  bn. 
Jan.,  1885.  Hannah,  bn.  Sept.  21,  1805.  Homer,  bn.  Sept.  21.  1807  (bachelor).  Louisa, 
bn.  Aug.  25,  1808,  md.  Dec.  22.  1831,  John  Caswell    (no  children).     Walter,  Jr.,  bn.  Oct. 

19,  1S10.  md.  Martha  Hill  of  Waterford,  Vt.     Had  son  Tl as  and  dan.  Amanda   (single. 

an  educated  musician  I.  He  was  hotel  keeper  at  Gorham,  N.  H.  David,  bn.  July  14, 
1S15,  who  died  In  infancy. 

Chas.  Buck,  bn.  May  8,  179."..  and  Hannah  (Caswell)  had  sons:  Austin.  Lafayette 
( former  hotel  proprietor  of  United  States  and  St.  James  of  Boston  and  large  summer 
resort,  the  •'Memphremagog  Lake  House"  Newport,  Vt).  Oscar  and  Walter,  Mary  Ann 
and  Fidelia. 

Walter  3rd's  children  are:  Jemima,  Caroline,  Thomas,  bn.  June  28,  1846,  md.  Mary 
M.  Dunlap,  Aug.  27,  1876,  and  has  one  son  Malcolm  Fletcher,  bn.  July  11,  1889. 

William  Buck.  bn.  Dec.  8,  1798,  had  children:  Silas,  Hiram,  Horace,  Mary  and 
Emily  of  1st  marriage,  and  William  Henry,  druggist,  Wells  River.  Vt.,  Amanda,  bn.  Aug. 
5,  1848,  md.  C.  M.  Wallace,  Feb.  7.  1867,  issue  9  children:  Mary  A..  Mabel  L,  Winfred  E„ 
Edwin  C.  William  H.,  Blanch  A..  George  B.,  Laura  A..  Eva  B.,  and  George,  bn.  1851,  died 
July  30,  1S62,  of  2nd  marriage. 

Wilson  Buck  bn.  Feb  9.  1801,  had  children:  Myron  md.  Mary  Folsom,  1862,  Erastus 
of  West  Charleston,  Vt.  bn.  Apl.  6,  is:: I,  Capt.  Co.  I.  3rd  Vt.  Vol.,  Civil  War,  fatally 
wounded  in  Battle  of  Wilderness  May  ."..  died  May  22,  lxr,4,  at  Georgetown,  Va.  His 
wife  Martha  Pinney  died  Sept.  6,  1x92.  aged  58%  years,  who  has  sons:  William  M.  Buck, 
bn  1856,  hotel  proprietor,  Canaan,  Vt..  and  has  son  Irvin.  Cyrus  died  young.  Walter, 
out,  in  Washington.  Martha  M..  bn.  1833,  md.  J.  T.  Appleby  and  has  dans.:  Julia,  bn. 
Feb  1X04  md.  Frank  B.  Davis,  and  Cora  M.,  bn.  July.  1868,  who  md.  Harry  A.  Piper  of 
East  Charleston,  Vt„  and  son  Carrol  J.,  bn.  Nov.,  1860,  md.  a  Hudson.  She  died  Apl.  18, 
1900  and  he  died  Feb.  15.  1900,  aged  73  years.  6  months.  (The  Applebys  are  of  English 
descent  Appleby  being  the  capital  of  Westmoreland  Co.,  Eng.  Edgar  F.  and  Francis 
S  Appleby  are  noted  international  billard-players  and  college  university  graduates  of 
1916).  Mira  L„  bn.  1853,  md.  William  Nelson  in  1873.  of.  Canada,  bn.  1854  (no  children). 
Madaiine  died  voung.  Apl.  18,  1840.  aged  12  years. 

Walter  E.,  son  of  Wilson,  bn.  in  1858,  md.  Ruth  fruiter,  bn.  in  Charleston  in  1876,  in 
1892,  children:  Gladys,  bn.  In  Montana  in  L893.  Kail  in  1896.  Elfreda  in  1899. 
Eugena  in  1900.     Now  live  in  Sunnyside,  Wash,  state. 

Myron  F  Buck,  oldest  son  of  Wilson,  bn.  Apl.  1.  1826,  died  in  Charleston,  Vt.,  Mar. 
3  1899'  md  Mary  L.  Leavitt  of  Barton.  Vt..  in  is)::,  children:  Freeman  VV..  bn.  Oct.  11, 
1844  (single)  of  Calbertson,  Montana.  Edward  II..  merchant  of  West  Charleston,  Vt., 
bn  Mar  1  1857,  md.  Blanche  Marvin  of  Sheldon.  Vt.,  bn.  in  Charleston  Oct.  20.  1875,  is- 
sue Ester  L,  bn.  Nov.  17,  1904,  and  Arlene  Blanche,  bn.  May  17.  1907.  Wilson,  bn.  in 
1859  in  Charleston,  Vt„  md.  Oct.  31.  1891,  E.  Mary  Stumpf.  bn.  June  22.  1859,  in  South- 
field',  Mass.,  lives  in  Santa  Barbara,  Cal.     Myron  c..  bn.  Mar.  17.  1863,  md.  Vira  Clough  of 

103 


Win.  Buck  of  Killingly,  Vt..  Hanover,  N.  H..  and  Pih-p  Township,  Ph.     Descendants.    Ly- 
man Buck  of  Haverhill,  N.  H. 

New  Hampshire,  and  have  dau.  Emma,  bn.  in  1896,  live  in  New  York  City,  169  Lincoln 
Ave.  Mary  E.,  bn.  1867,  md.  N.  J.  Stumpf  of  Connecticut  in  1877.  Erastus  2nd,  bn.  in 
Charleston,  Vt.,  Aug.  18,  1863,  son  of  Miron  and  Mary  (Folsom)  Buck,  md.  in  1888,  Effa 
Louisa  Marvin,  bn.  in  Fairfield,  Vt.,  Jan.  22,  1868,  children:  Ralph  Maurice,  bn.  in  Fair- 
field, Mar.  S,  1889,  md.  in  Nov.,  1913,  Marion  Thompson.  Percy  Erastus,  bn.  in  Charles- 
ton. Vt..  Aug.  13.  1890,  now  M.  D.  at  Glover,  Vt.  Ruth  Madeline,  bn.  Dec.  27,  1901,  in 
Newport.  Vt.  Delos  M.,  bn.  Oct.  13.  1S92,  in  New  York  City.  md.  June  23,  1915,  Beatrice 
Bigelow.  bn.  in  Newport,  Vt.,  June  15,  1894,  now  associated  with  his  father  in  "Buck 
real  estate  business"  at  Richford,  Franklin  Co.,  Vt..  in  1915. 

William  Buck  of  Killingly,  Ct„  bn.  Nov.  8.  1779.  md.  Mar.  1G,  1S02,  Charlotte,  dau. 
of  David  Seymour,  bn.  Aug.  10,  1786,  in  Berkshire  Co..  Mass..  of  Binghamton,  N.  Y., 
first  located  at  Hanover,  N.  H.  Was  sent  by  Pres.  John  Wheelock  of  Dartmouth 
College  to  sell  large  grant  of  land  of  about  44,000  acres  in  Pennsylvania,  mostly  received 
by  college  from  King  George  3rd  of  England,  at  the  hands  of  John  Wentworth,  Royal 
Governor  of  New  Hampshire,  by  Church  of  England  and  charter  of  1769,  named  in 
honor  of  Lord  Dartmouth  one  of  its  chief  benefactors.  William  received  farm  for 
services  in  Pike  township,  Pa.,  and  settled  there  and  9  children  were  bn.  to  them:  1st, 
Matilda,  bn.  July  9.  lsoi.  md.  Apl.  1.  is:,.".,  Simeon  Bruck  of  Pike  Co.,  Pa.;  2nd,  Lyman, 
bn.  Feb.  27,  ism;,  md.  Mary  Waltman  of  York,  Pa.,  Apl.  1,  1S35;  3rd.  1  ydia.  bn.  Oct.  27, 
1807,  mil.  Sept.  21.  1Xl>::.  Simeon  Brink  of  Bradford  Co..  Pa:  4th.  Mehitable,  bn.  July  20, 
1810,  md.  E.  W.  Todd,  Feb.  10,  1845,  of  Milledgeville.  Carroll  Co.,  111.;  5th.  William,  bn. 
July  6,  1813;  6th  Martha  T.,  bn.  Jan.  23,  1817,  died  Sept.  26,  1888;  7th.  Samuel,  bn.  July 
2::.  1820.  md.  Feb.  22.  1844,  Martha  Makinson  of  Bradford  Co.;  8th.  Perley  Hanford.  bn. 
June  19.  1S23,  md.  Elizabeth  Northrup.  Mar.  13.  1849,  died  Oct.  22,  1907;  and  9th,  Frances 
P.,  bn.  May  24.  1825,  mil.  May  16.  1855.  Alfred  Cheeseman  of  Milledgeville,  111. 

Parley  H.  Buck.  bn.  June  19.  1823,  in  Le  Raysville,  Bradford  Co.,  Pa.,  md.  Mar.  13. 
1849,  Elizabeth  Northrup  of  Sharon.  Ct.,  and  had  0  children:  1st,  Charlotte  E.,  bn.  June 
"•.  1850,  md.  Martin  I'rentis;  2nd.  George  W..  bn.  July  20.  is:,:'.  ln,i.  phebe  Black,  children: 
Fred  William,  bn.  Towanda.  Pa.;  3rd,  Frances  B.,  bn.  Dec.  4,  1853,  md.  William  Davies, 
son  Robert  md.  in  Pa.,  and  went,  to  Duluth,  Minn.:  tth,  Samuel  W..  bn.  June  9.  1855, 
md.  Amelia  Glum,  son  Perley  and  dau.  Agnes,  bn.  in  Towanda.  Bradford  Co.,  Pa.,  went 
to  Schenectady,  N.  Y.;   5th,  Rev.  Walter  Perley   (Methodist),  bn.  Jan.  13.  1S58,  md.  June 

25,  1888,  Frank  Landon.  bn.  in  Herrick,  Susquehanna  Co.,  Pa.,  children:  George  Landon, 
bn.  Mai:  7.  L891,  in  Mystic,  Ct.,  Samuel  Harold,  bn.  Apl.  26,  1X9::.  in  Providence,  R.  I.; 
Walter  Francis,  bn.  July  is,  1896,  in  Provincetown,  Mass.;  Willis  Lafferty.  bn.  June  17, 
1898,  in  Taunton,  Mass.;  and  Seymour  De  Witt,  bn.  Oct.  23,  1904,  in  Rockville,  Conn.; 
6th,  Carrie  I  ouise,  bn.  July  22.   L859,  md.  Leslie  Codding,  Jr. 

1  yman  Muck.  bn.  Oct.  8,  1766.  of  Haverhill,  N.  H.,  had  a  son  Lyman.  Jr.,  who  md. 
Lucia  Wallace  Kasson.  Dec.  21.  1858.  He  died  Feb.  5,  18S3.  Children:  Jennie  Eliza,  bn. 
Jan.  1,  18G0,  died  Aug.  6,  1861.  Ida  May.  bn.  Oct.  12.  1861,  md.  Melbourne  Stimpson 
Williams.  July  15,  1897  of  North  Haverhill.  Nellie  Idella.  bn.  May  2.  1863,  md.  Samuel 
Powers  Carbee,  M.  D„  Sept.  30,  1885,  of  Haverhill.  He  died  Jan.  31.  1900.  Hiram  Harry, 
bn.  Oct.  22.  1  s < ; 7 .  of  Haverhill,  unmarried.  Jennie  Ethel,  bn.  July  13.  1X74,  md.  l^eonard 
Wilcox  Willaid.  June  21,  1913,  of  Oxford.  X.  II..  and  have  one  child,  Lucia  Wallace,  bn. 
Nov.  3.  1914.  Mattie  Carbee,  bn.  July  7,  1875,  md.  John  Hosford,  Sept.  2,  1896,  of  Boston. 
Mass.,  and  have  children :   Harold  Buck,  bn.  Apl.  7,  1898,  and  Marcia  Louise,  bn.  Sept. 

26,  1902. 

From  Recent  Publications  hn  Lewis  Historical  Publishing  Co.,  X.  Y..  199S  to  1914  we  have: 

"New  England  Families.  Genealogical  and  Memorial."  Four  vols.,  compiled  by 
William  Richard  Cutter.  A.  M..  1913.  Bucks,  pages  229-30.  William  of  Cambridge. 
Mass.  Roger,  son  of  William  Ephraim,  son  of  Roger,  bn.  July  26,  1646.  Ehenezer,  son  of 
Ephraim,  bn.  Woburn.  May  20,  1689.  Col.  Jonathan,  son  of  Ebenezer,  bn.  Mar.  18.  1795. 
Jonathan,  son  of  Col.  Jonathan,  bn.  in  Haverhill,  Apl.  2.  174S,  died  at  Bucksfield,  Me., 
Mar.  27.  1S24,  md.  Hannah  Gale  Nov.,  17GX  or  9.  served  in  Revolution,  children:  Rev. 
Benjamin,  bn.  1768.  John,  bn.  Oct.  27.  1771.  Ruth,  hn.  Aug.  9.  1775.  Lydia,  bn.  Oct.  2.".. 
1777.  Hannah,  bn.  June,  1780.  Amos,  bn.  Oct..  17*2.  Joseph,  bn.  May,  1785  (had  10 
children).  Jas„  bn.  Apl.  29.  17x7.  Nancy,  bn.  Dec,  17S9.  David,  bn.  May,  1792.  Moses, 
bn.  July,  1794. 

(See  also  Conn.,  4  vols.,  pages  691-2.  Bucks  same  as  that  of  New  England). 
John,  son  of  Jonathan,   bn.   Oct.   27,   1771,  at  Bucksfield,   Me.,  died  Nov.   25,   1835,   md. 

104 


Connecticut.    Massachusetts. 

Elizabeth  Bartlett  of  Newburyport,  Mass.,  Dec.  28,  IV'1 1,  she  died  May   12,  1850,  children 
bn.   at   Bucksfield:    Eliza,   1796.     Edward,   1805.     Hannah    ('..    1809,   died   Feb.    26,    1880. 
Joseph  W.,  1811.     Chas.,  1813.     Nancy  E.  Brien,  1815,  md.  J.  Gorham  Lowell.     John,  bn 
June  9,  1816,  md.  Feb.  25,   1827,   Abba   Matilda,  dau.  ol'  Jacob  and  Ada  Morse  of  New- 
fane.  Vt. 

Orlando  Jacob,  son  of  John.  bn.  Dec.  30,  1852,  md.  Jan.  21,  1880,  Lillian  Louise,  dau. 
of  Nelson  E.  and  Caroline  ('.    Brewer  ol  Cleveland,  Ohio,   bn.    Dec.   20,    L856,   children 
Hazel,  bn.  Dec.  25,  1880,  md.  Davis  Swing  of  Bloomington,  111.     Nelson  Le  Roy,  bn.   Dec. 

2,  1882,  md.  .Mar.  13,  1909,   Rena  Alice  Hooper  of  Chicago.     Ellsworth  Brewer,  bn.  July 

3,  1S92.      (Picture  of  O.  J.  Buck  of  Maine  i. 

Page  1691-2,  Samuel,  son  Epbraini,  bn.  in  Woburn,  Nov.  L3,  LG82,  md.  I  Tux.  Hannah 
Farmer,  Woburn.  children:  Hannah,  bn.  Feb.  1,  1710.  Samuel,  bn.  May  7.  1711.  Sarah, 
bn.  Apl.  16,  1716.  Zebediah,  bn.  Auk.  29,  1719.  Samuel,  son  of  Samuel,  bn.  Woburn. 
May  7,  1711,  died  in  Killingly,  Ct.,  Dec,  L7G5,  children:  1st.  Zeriah,  md.  Apl.  ::.  1754, 
Giles  Roberts;  2nd,  David,  md.  1st,  June  22,  1756,  Anna  Russell,  children:  David,  died 
young,  Jonathan,  Aaron,  Mrs.  Josiah  Dean,  Mrs.  Benjamin  Cutter;  2nd  wife's  children: 
David,  Eliza  md.  Henry  Adams. 

Aaron,  bn.  about  1754.  md.  Ann.  dau.  of  Asa  Lawrence  of  Killingly,  children: 
Lucy,  md.  Calvin  Lefnngwell.  Rosamond,  md.  Calvin  Boyden.  Mary.  md.  Caleb  Howe. 
Erastus  Elisha,  bn.  about  1790.  Augustus,  bn.  about  1800,  md.  Feb.  15.  1827.  Lucy 
Knowlton,  dau.  of  Simeon  Brooks.  George,  bn.  Oct.  13,  1*10.  Edwin  Augustus,  son 
of  Augustus,  banker,  lumber  and  grain  dealer  and  merchant,  bn.  in  Ashford,  Ct.,  Feb. 
11,  1832,  md.  May  9,  1855,  Delia  A.  dau.  of  Geo.  and  Laura  (Ashley)  I  incoln  of  Ashford, 
bn.  Nov.  27,  1831,  children:  George  Edwin  of  Palmer,  Mass.  Liny  M.  Charlotte  K. 
md.  Dr.  T.  R.  Parker  of  Willimantic,  now  New  Haven.  Caroline  Lama  md.  Allen  1 1 
Lincoln  of  New  Haven.  William  A.  (member  of  E.  A.  Buck  &  Co.,  with  George  K.. 
hardware,  etc.),  md.  Mary  .1.  Phillips  of  Willimantic.  Bertie  I...  died  young.  Ella 
Delia  md.  Arthur  I.  Bill  of  Willimantic.  George  E.,  son  of  Edwin  A„  bn.  at  Westford, 
July  2,  1857,  md.  Kate  Sturtevant,  children:  Catherine  L.  Helen  E.  Edwin  A.  Marjory 
L.     George  Edwin,  Jr.     Dorothy. 

(See  Mass.  4  vols.,  pages  2744-5  for  same.  Also  Conn..  1  vols.,  pages  691  and  2), 
("Worcester  and  Middlesex  Counties,  Mass.";  4  vols.  Bucks,  pages  898-9).  Editorial 
supervision  of  Ellery  Bicknell  Crane,  1907. 

Ephraim,  son  of  Ephraim,  bn.  Woburn,  Oct.  11.  1702,  md.  1st,  July  26,  L726,  Abigail 
Peirce;  2nd.  May  9,  1828,  Mary  Wood  of  Reading.  .Mass..  children;  1st.  Samuel,  bn.  Feb 
15,  1729,  md.  Mar.  25,  1746,  Mary  Killam;  2nd.  Ephraim,  bn.  Feb.  13,  1831,  md.  Sept.  30, 
1756,  Hannah  Killam:  3rd.  Mary,  bn.  July  28,  1736;  lib.  Abigail,  bn.  Apl.  19,  1738;  5th, 
Asa,  bn.  Feb.  20,  1741,  md.  Oct.  9,  1706,  Joanna  Cornell;  6th,  Nathan,  bn.  Feb.  16,  1711. 
7th,  Esther,  bn.  Sept.  13,  1751. 

Nathan  Buck,  son  of  Ephraim,  bn.  at  Wilmington,  Mass.,  Feb.  16,  1744,  died  Mar.  9, 
1830,  aged  86,  md.  Elizabeth  Thompson  of  Wilmington.  Dee.  31.  17!»o,  she  died  Oct,  27. 
1836,  aged  73.  Soldier  in  Rev.  Capt.  Timothy  Walker's  Co.,  Col.  Green's  Reg.,  on  the 
Lexington  Alarm,  Apl.  19,  1775,  and  later  1777.  Children:  Nathan,  bn.  Oct  17,  1793. 
Jonathan,  bn  Oct.  7,  1795.  Benjamin,  bn.  Oct.  10,  1797.  Rhoda,  bn.  Apl.  L9,  L800.  Mary, 
bn.  Aug.  2,  1804.     James,  bn.  Aug.  11.  1807. 

Nathan  Buck,  son  of  Nathan,  far r,  bn.  at   Wilmington,   Mass.,  Oct.   17,  17'.i3,  died 

May  10,  1S84,  aged  96,  md.  1st.  Abigail,  dau.  ol  Abigail  and  Richard  Clark,  died  June  22, 
1843,  aged  40;  md.  2nd,  Ann  (Nancy)  died  Nov.  I.  I  Ml.  aged  l";  md.  3rd,  Charlotte  Cald 
well  of  Woburn.  Children:  1st,  Abigail,  bn.  Nov.  22,  IS12.  md.  Sept.  26,  1X37.  John 
Brooks  Tay:  2nd,  Nathan  Otis,  died  Aug.  1.  1822,  aged  7  months,  7  days:  3rd,  Nathan 
Edwin,  bn.  July  27,  1823,  md.  Dec.  25.  1853,  Elvira  B.  Bowles;  4th,  Otis  Clark,  bn,  Dec 
ix.  ix25;  5th,  Susan  Carter,  bn.  Apl.  •"..  Ix2x,  md.  Jan..  ix;,7.  Horace,  Sheldon;  6th,  Emily 
Maiiah,   bn.  June  27,   1835,   md.   June    12.   1860,   .lames  Skitton 

Otis  Clark  Buck,  son  of  Nathan,  bn.  at  Wilmington,  Dec.  L8,  1X2."..  bonis  and  shoes 
and  butcher,  md.  1st,  Esther  Gowing,  bn.  at  Amherst,  N.  II,.  md.  2nd.  Caroline  It.  Howard 
of  North  Reading,  died  Apl.  21.  1902.  Children:  1st  wile,  inlt  dau.,  bn.  July.  1  s . .  l:  :  2nd, 
Esther  Elizabeth,  bn.  July  18,  L853,  md.  Edward  M.  Nichols.  Children  of  2nd  wile: 
Arthur  Otis,  bn.  Jan.  10,  1858.  Caroline  Frances,  bn.  Apl.  30,  I860.  Alma  Quimby,  bn. 
Feb.  19,  1802.  William  Clark,  bn.  Feb,  23,  1x61.  Emily  Muiiah,  bn,  Apl.  6.  L866.  Helen 
Howard,  bn.  May  23,  1868.     Florence  A.,  bn.  Apl.  26.  1871  (all  bn,  in   Wilmington), 

William  Clark  Buck  I  of  which  is  a  picture),  md.  Aug,  23.  1886,  Sallie  I'.,  dau.  id' 
Isaac  and   Mar.  J.    (Cutts)    Flint    of   North    Ridding,   bn.    Apl,   21.    1866.     Children:      1st 

I  or, 


New  Hampshire,     ('rut nil  and  Western  New  York. 

Marion  P.,  bn.  Oct.  21,  1888;  junior  Mt.  Holyoke  College;  2nd,  Malcolm  R.,  bn.  May  1,  1S90, 
freshman  Amherst  College;  3rd,  Lawrence  H.,  bn.  June  27,  1892;  4th.  Edith  A„  bn.  Apl. 
20,  1S95:  5th,  Robert  L..  bn.  Apl.  24,  1S9S;  6th,  Richard  C,  bn.  Mar.  5,  1902,  resided  in 
Reading,  Mass.,  since  1SS6,  been  in  employ  of  J.  M.  Forbes  &  Co.  of  Boston,  25  years. 

New  Hampshire,  4  vols.,  compiled  by  Ezra  S.  Stearns.  Buck  Ancestry,  pages  1S0G 
to  S. 

William  of  Cambridge.  Roger,  son  of  William.  Ephraim,  son  of  Roger.  Ebenezer. 
son  of  Ephraim.  Ebenezer  son  of  Ebenezer,  md.  Mary,  bn.  in  1742,  died  Aug.  7,  1827, 
aged  87.  Children:  Ezra.  Elijah,  Amos,  Anna,  Henry.  Chas.,  Gates,  Mary,  Ruth,  Susanna, 
Ebenezer.  Moses.  Mehitable.  George  W. 

Amos,  son  of  Ebenezer  and  Mary,  bn.  Nov.  1G,  17C9,  in  Westboro,  Mass.,  died  July  8, 
1S59. 

Page  G73.  Capt.  Amos  of  Hampstead,  N.  H..  son  of  Amos.  bn.  Mar.  24,  180S,  md. 
Mary  Jane  Ela.  dau.  of  William  and  Mary  (Morse)  Ela,  bn.  in  Londonderry,  Sept.  29, 
1813,  md.  Dec.  1,  1836,  of  Derry.  N.  H.,  died  July  8,  1859,  at  the  home  of  his  son.  William. 
Ela  (educator  and  picture  of)  bn.  Apl.  8.  1838,  at  Hampstead,  who  md.  1st,  Helen  M. 
Putnam  Dec.  29,  1864,  one  child  William  P.,  bn.  Oct.  2,  1865,  resides  in  Denver,  Colo.,  md. 
2nd,  July  16.  1872,  Harriet  Ann,  dan.  of  Daniel  Kendrick  Mack  of  Manchester,  N.  H.. 
bn.  Oct.  27,  1848,  children:  1st,  George  Kendrick,  bn.  Sept.  9,  1S74,  graduate  of  Williams 
College.  189G;  2nd.  Walter  French,  bn.  .Ian.  :!,  1S76,  graduate  N.  H.  State  College,  1S97; 
3rd,  Winthrop,  bn.  Jan.  19,  1878,  graduate  of  Dartmouth,  1900;  1th,  Arthur  Ela.  bn.  Jan. 
28,  1880,  graduate  of  Dartmouth,  1901;  5th,  Edward  Morris,  bn.  Nov.  4,  18S2.  died  July 
12.   iss:);   6th.  Helen  Isabella,  bn.  Oct.  29,  1883,  graduate  of  Mt.  Holyoke  College.  1905. 

Central  and  Western  N.  Y.,  3  vols,  each  (of  Bucks  the  same  in  each).  Pages  509-13 
and  1419-20.  compiled  by  William  R.  Cutter,  A.  M. 

Lieut.  Jonathan  Buck  at  Hartland.  Windsor  Co.,  Vt.  Jonathan  William,  bn.  about 
1775.  of  Herkimer  Co.,  N.  Y.  Edward,  son  of  Jonathan  W.,  bn.  Vermont,  July  9,  1S09, 
came  to  Herkimer  Co.  and  located  at  Richland,  Oswego  Co.,  N.  Y.,  md.  1st  a  Hungerford, 
2nd,  Lydia  Weed.  Children:  George,  bn.  Sept.,  1833.  Maryetta,  bn.  Dec.  11,  1834. 
Children  by  2nd  wife:  Jonathan  W..  bn.  in  Richland,  June  9,  1839.  Esther  M.,  bn.  Nov. 
3,  1841.  Henrietta,  bn.  Aug.  11.  is  13.  Minerva,  bn.  June  7,  1845.  Frederick  J.,  bn. 
Dec.  17,  1847.  Chas.  F.  bn.  Dec.  8,  1849.  Martha,  bn.  Oct.  25,  1852.  Henry  M„  bn.  Aug. 
8,  1855.  Frank  B.,  bn.  June  8,  1859.  Albert  H.,  bn„  1861.  Delia.  A„  bn.  Apl..  1863. 
Jonathan  \V.,  farmer  in  1S7."..  came  to  Mexico,  Oswego  Co.,  N.  Y.,  md.  Aug.,  1S60,  Julia, 
dau.  of  Stephen  and  Lural  ( South  worth )  Gardner.  Children:  Minnie,  bn.  June  21, 
1861.  William  I...  bn.  Mar.  13,  18G3.  Edward  and  Matie  died  in  infancy.  Jessie,  bn. 
Dec.  7,  18G9.  Herbert  S„  bn.  Dec.  15,  1871.  Grace  F.,  bn.  Feb.  17.  1N74.  Ray  Edward, 
bn.  Mar.  3,  1876.  Bert  Gardner,  bn.  June  7,  1S79.  Leverett,  bn.  Oct.  27,  1881.  Rollin 
died  in  infancy.  Lee  Nicholas,  bn.  .Inly  15,  1884.  Mary  I...  bn.  Sept.  29,  1887.  William 
L.,  farmer  and  dairyman,  Mexico,  N.  Y.,  1883,  md.  Nov.  21,  18N3,  Nancy,  dau.  of  Alonzo 
and  Louisa  (Hall)  Cray.  bn.  in  Mexico,  Dec.  7,  1863,  only  child,  Glen  Alonzo,  bn.  Sept. 
19,  1.SS6,  in  business  with  his  father, 

Ray  Edward,  md.  Apl.  26,  1902,  Florence,  dau.  of  Francis  P.  Mattie,  children:  Car- 
men Gertrude  and  John  Francis. 

David,  son  of  Emanuel  and  Mary  (Kirby)  Buck.  bn.  Apl.  3,  1667,  at  Weathersfteld 
died  Sept.  20,  1728,  md.  Jan.  14,  1690,  Elizabeth,  dau.  of  Daniel  and  Elizabeth  (Jornan) 
Hulbert,  bn.  in  1666,  died  Mar.  25,  1735,  children:  Elizabeth,  bn.  Feb.  16,  1691.  Ann,  bn. 
Apl.  25,  1693.  Daniel,  bn.  Sept.  13,  1695.  David,  bn.  Nov.  13,  1698,  md.  Mary,  dau.  of 
John  and  Anna  Bishop  of  Guilford,  Ct.  Mary,  bn.  Sept.  9,  1700.  Josiah,  bn.  Jan.  16. 
1703.  Joseph,  bn.  Apl.  5,  1705.  John,  bn.  Jan.  is,  1707.  Eunice,  bn.  Dec.  19,  1709. 
Mabel,  bn.  June  5,  1712. 

Josiah,  son  of  David  and  Elizabeth  died  Feb.  S,  1793,  md.  May  28,  1731,  Ann.  dau.  of 
Chas.  Deming  of  Boston,  bn.  1711,  died  Nov.  9,  1772,  children:  Ann,  bn.  Feb.  25,  1732. 
Mary,  bn.  Oct.  31,  1733.  Elizabeth,  bn.  Apl.  7,  1735.  Prudence,  bn.  Dec.  15,  1737.  Josiah, 
bn.  Apl.  23,  1742.     Daniel,  bn.  June  13,  1744.     Mabel,  bn.  Mar.  12,  1748. 

Daniel,  son  of  Josiah  and  Ann,  bn.  June  13,  1744,  died  Jan.  6,  1808,  md.  Dec.  3, 
1775.  Sarah,  dau.  of  Gen.  Gurdon  Saltonstall  of  Boston.  Their  son,  Col.  Nathaniel 
Saltonstall  of  Haverhill,  Mass.,  md.  Elizabeth  Ward.  Their  son  Gurdon  was  bn.  in 
1666,  graduate  of  Harvard  1684,  minister  New  London,  Ct.,  1691,  governor  of  Connecticut. 
1708  to  1724,  md.  Jerusha  Richards.  Their  youngest  dau.  Sarah,  bn.  June  17.  1754. 
died  Nov.   19,   1828,   md.   Daniel   Buck,   children:    Ann,   bn.   Nov.   28,   1776,    died   young. 

106 


Vermont.     Northern  New  York.     Pennsylvania.     Cumbria  Co.,  and  Junita  Valley. 

Gurclon,  bn.  Dec.  3,  1777,  md.  1st,  Julia  Mitchell,  2nd,  Elizabeth  Selden,  who  died  Mar., 
1887,  aged  100  years.  Chas.  bn.  Nov.  21,  1782,  md.  Sophrina.  Smith  Winthrop,  bn.  Dec. 
9,  1784.  Ann,  died  young.  Dudley,  bn.  June  25,  1789,  md.  1st,  Hetty  G.  Hempsted,  2nd, 
Martha  Adams. 

Winthrop,  son  of  Daniel  and  Sarah  died  Aug.  19,  1862,  a  farmer  ot  Weathersfleld, 
md.  1st.  Jan.  29,  1S12,  Eunice,  dau.  of  Gideon  Parsons  of  Amherst,  she  died  Aug.  5.  1812, 
md.  2nd,  Dec,  28,  1S14,  Eunice,  dau.  of  Dr.  Aimer  Mosely  of  Weathersfleld,  of  English 
descent,  children:  1st,  Martha,  bn.  Nov.  2G,  1S15;  2nd,  Winthrop,  bn.  Dec.  16.  1816,  died 
July  28,  1900,  md.  Charlotte  Woodhower;  3rd,  Eunice,  bn.  Dec.  21,  1819,  died  Mar.  12, 
1897;  4th,  Mariah,  bn.  Jan.  30,  1831.  died  Dec.  8,  1894;  5th,  Robert,  bn.  Mar.  8,  1823,  died 
Aug.  16,  1881,  md.  1st  Lucina  M.  Emerson  of  Hastings.  Minn.;  2nd,  Helen  Frances  Jones; 
6th.  Roswell  R..  bn.  Oct.  21,  1826,  died  in  Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  Sept.  10,  1904,  md.  Nov.  8,  1866.  at 
Buffalo,  Maria  Catherine,  dau.  of  Josiah  and  Delia  (Marsh)  Barnes,  died  May  5,  1905; 
7th.  Kate  Mosely,  bn.  Feb.  1,  Is:::;,  died  Dec  31,  1907. 

Henry  Boardman  Buck,  son  of  Henry,  son  of  David,  son  of  Daniel,  md.  Nov.  30, 
1875.  Theresa,  dau.  of  George  Robinson.  He  occupies  the  old  homestead  at  Weathers- 
fleld built  by  Josiah  Buck  in  1775.  Children:  Henry  Robinson,  John  Saltonstall.  Chas. 
Howe. 

Vermont,  2  vols.,  pages  405  and  02S-9.  Compiled  by  Hon.  Hiram  Carleton  of  Mont- 
pelier,  1903. 

James  Hopkins  Buck,  farmer,  Moretown,  Vt.,  bn.  in  Northfield,  Wash..  Vt.  Sept. 
2,  1865.  John  Buck,  grandfather  of  James  H.  Buck,  was  bn.  in  Connecticut  in  17S2.  re- 
moved to  Berlin,  Wash.  Co.,  until  1S2G,  located  in  Northfield,  VI.,  md.  Chloe  Allen,  bn,  in 
Gill,  Mass.,  1781,  children:  Chloe,  bn.  in  1810.  Eliza,  bn.  in  1812.  Bradley,  bn.  in  1X14. 
Amanda,  bn.  in  1S19.     Harriet,  bn.  in  1823. 

Bradley  Buck.  bn.  in  Berlin,  June  17,  1814,  farmer,  died  Mar.  19,  1895,  md.  Mar.  5, 
1S56,  Polly,  dau.  of  James  and  Philura  (Walcott)  Hopkins,  bn,  Jan.  17,  1828,  children: 
Isadore  Amelia,  bn.  June  10,  1857.  Willis  Herbert,  bn.  Aug.  12,  1858.  Carrie  Eliza,  bn. 
Feb.  28,  1860.     Arthur  Eugene,  bn.  Oct.  23,  1861.     James  Hopkins,  bn.  Sept.  2,  1865. 

James  Hopkins,  son  of  Bradley  and  Polly  Buck.  In  spring  of  1897  sold  his  farm  in 
Northfield  and  removed  to  Berlin  and  resided  until  Apl.,  1903,  thence  in  Moretown,  md. 
1st,  Clara  A.,  dau.  of  Richard  and  W'ealthy  Silsby,  she  died  in  1S97.  md.  2nd,  Mary  Helen 
Moore,  bn.  July  23,  1862,  dau.  of  James  A.  and  Martha  Melvina  (Hadley)  Moore,  a 
descendant  of  Robert  Cushman  of  Plymouth,  Mass.  Colony,  1620;  1  child,  Arthur  Donald 
Buck,  bn.  July  24.  1901. 

Arthur  Eugene  Buck,  2nd  son  of  Bradley  and  Polly  was  bn.  in  Northfield,  Oct.  23, 
1861,  large  farmer,  selectman  1899-1900,  md.  Nov.  24,  1891,  Minnie,  dau.  of  John  and 
Sarah  Scott  of  Berlin,  Vt.,  she  died  Oct.  24,  1897,  md.  2nd,  Apl.  15,  1903,  Mary  E.,  dau.  of 
James  and  Mary  Reed  of  Barton,  Vt. 

Northern  New  York,  3  vols.,  pages  1105-9.  Buck  Ancestry.  Compiled  under  super- 
vision of  Wiliam  Richard  Cutter,  A.  M..  1910.  From  Emanuel  of  Weathersfleld  to  Isaac 
of  New  Milford,  Ct.,  and  Potsdam,  N.  Y..  Lemuel  of  Canton,  N.  Y..  and  picture  of  Leffert 
and  Lefferts  Buck  his  son. 

Penn.,  Camhria  Co.,  3  vols.,  compiled  in  1907.  Bucks,  page  302.  Picture  of  Anicetus 
W.  Buck,  banker,  Ebensburgh,  bn.  Mar.  15,  1858,  in  Carrol  township,  Camhria  Co.,  son 
of  John  Buck,  grandson  of  Joseph,  bn.  Dec.  11,  1823,  whose  father  emigrated  from 
Germany  and  settled  in  Pennsylvania. 

John  Buck  md.  Regina,  dau.  of  Peter  Sherry,  bn.  1804,  children:  Celestine  A. 
Michael  J„  Sylvester  A.,  Peter  M.,  James  P.,  Anicetus  W.,  Mary  E.,  Ambrose  C,  Edward 
J.,  Anna  M.,  Vincent  J..  Lambert  M. 

Penn.,  Junita  Valley,  3  vols.  Bucks,  1128-31.  Isaac  Scott  Buck,  bn.  in  Warriors 
Mark,  Huntington  Co.,  Aug.  22,  1852,  son  of  Isaac  anil  l.ydia  (Krider)  Buck.  He  died 
in   1902  and  she  in  1865. 

David  Buck,  bn.  Oct.  in,  is:;:;,  son  of  John  and  Catherine  (  Longnecker )  Buck,  md. 
Christina  Beck,  she  died  1S92,  2nd  in  order  of  family  bn.  about  1818,  md.  1st.  l.ydia 
Krider,  she  died  in  1865,  md.  2nd  wife,  Hannah  Elder  and  have  0  children:  Mary  md. 
Martin  Beck,  dau.  Jane  died  at  16.  Diller  md.  Lydia  Goodman.  Isaac  Scott.  Anna  md. 
John  Bell.     Sarah   Sabina  md.  John  Dougherty  of  Altoona,  Pa. 

Isaac  Scott  md.  in  1SS0,  Lily  Waite,  and  had  s  children:  Edith  md.  Rev.  Frank- 
Fisher  of  Petersburg  and  have  son  Frank,  Jr.  George  md.  Verna  Conrad  and  has  dau. 
Wilfred  Irma.  Alma  md.  Ernest  Nearbrooke  and  has  2  children:  Scott  and  George. 
Hazel,  Walter,  Donald  and  Isaac,  twins,  last  died  in  infancy. 

107 


Family  Appendix  and  Register. 

David  Buck,  son  of  Joel  and  Hulda  (Bostwick)  Buck,  bn.  in  New  Milford.  Ct.,  Apl. 
21,  1785,  died  Feb.  11,  1S52,  md.  in  181G,  Phoebe  Maxfield,  bn.  in  New  Milford,  Feb.  24. 
1797,  died  Feb.  12.  1854.  They  lived  in  Peru,  N.  Y.  Issue.  S  children,  viz.:  Mary.  bn. 
Aug.  0.  1817,  md.  John  Taber;  Edward  M.,  bn.  Jan.  11,  1820,  died  Nov.  8,  1S93,  lived  in 
Upper  Jay.  Essex  Co.,  N.  Y. :  Sarah,  bn.  Aug.  6,  1821,  md.  Edward  Cochran;  Nathan,  bn. 
Apl.  8,  1823,  single,  died  in  Civil  War;  William,  bn.  Sept.  18,  1824,  lived  and  died  in 
Upper  Jay,  md.  Emily  Rivers,  has  2  sons,  Sylvester  md.  Alrnira  Beede  of  Kenne  Valley 
and  Wellington  J.  of  Newman,  near  Lake  Placid,  and  3  daus.,  Florence,  Etta  and  Emma; 
Marian,  bn.  Jan.  IS,  1S27,  died  Sept.  4,  1S98,  md.  Henry  Baker;  2nd.  David  Hallock;  Joel, 
bn.  Aug.  11,  1829,  md.  Clara  Baker.  Nov.  25,  1850.  He  died  Mar.  21,  1898;  and  Samuel, 
bn.  Jan.  23.  1x30,  died  Feb.  13,  1857.  single. 

Edward  M.  Buck  md.  in  1842,  Martha  J.  White,  bn.  June  27,  ISIS,  died  May  G,  1903, 
issue  9  children:  Melissa,  bn.  Dec.  25,  1S43,  died  Sept.  11,  1862;  Louisa,  bn.  Jan.  28, 
1845;  Belina,  bn.  Nov.  30,  1846.  died  Oct.  22,  1S47;  Henry,  bn.  Aug.  16,  died  Sept.  10, 
ls)s:  Elvira,  bn.  Nov.  11.  1S49.  died  Sept.  6,  L8G8;  Martha  J.,  bn.  Feb.  3,  lSf.3;  Frances 
M.,  bn.  Aug.  3,  1885;  Henriette,  bn.  Jan.  24,  1860,  died  Sept.  25,  1878;  and  Edward  L., 
bn.  Sept.  3,  1862,  died  May  7.  L863,  in  infancy. 

Joel  Buck,  bn.  Aug.  11,  1829,  md.  Clara  Baker,  Nov.  25,  1850,  and  had  sons:  Chas.  H.. 
William  Josephus,  Melvin  and  George  W.  and  daus.:  Nellie,  Lillie  and  Phebe.  George  W.. 
bn.  Mar.  24,  1852,  md.  Nov.  7,  1S90.  Henrietta  Bullis,  bn.  Nov.  7.  1857,  at  Schuyler  Falls, 
near  Peru,  they  have  one  son  Kenneth,  bn.  May  30,  1895,  graduate  of  Plattsburgh  High 
School,  1915.  George  W.  is  a  carpenter  now  living  at  102  Brinkerhoff  St.,  Plattsburgh, 
N.  Y.  Chas.  H.  md.  Sarah  Ormsbee,  lives  at  Lake  Placid  and  had  dau.  Ellene.  Chas.  H. 
md.  for  his  second  wife.  Edith  Mary.  dau.  of  Chas.  Russell,  a  lawyer  in  Boston,  Mass. 
William  Josephus  md.  Ella  White,  no  children. 

Melvin  md.  Celia  Gumlaw,  no  children.  Lillian  md.  Bert  Thew.  Phebe  md.  Allen 
Deloss  and  have  1  boy  and  Nellie  md.  William  Gabbott. 

Buck.  Alfred  E.,  bn.  Foxcroft,  Me.,  Feb.  7,  1832.  Waterville  College  1859.  principal 
Lewiston  High  School,  ('apt.  13th  Me.  Vols.  1861,  Lieut-Col.  91st  U.  S.  Colored  Troops 
Oct.,  1864,  Bvt.-Colonel  Apl..  1865.  Mustered  out  June,  1866.  Ala.  Const.  Conv.  1867.  Clk. 
Circuit  Ct.  Mobile  Co.  1SC.7-68.  Pres.  Elr.  186S.  Repr.  Ala.  41st  Congress  (Rep.)  1869-71. 
Clerk  U.  S.  Circ.  and  List.  Cts.  N.  D.,  Ga.  U.  S.  Marshal  N.  D.,  Ga.      (See  page  95). 

Buck,  Charles  W.,  bn.  Vicksburg,  Miss.,  Mar.  17.  1849.     Georgetown  College,  Ky.  1869. 
Univ.  Law  School.  Lexington,  1870.     Removed  to  St.  Louis  1870  and  to  Granville,    M 
Lawyer  Vicksburg  1871  and  Louisville,  Ky.,  1874.     Removed  to  Woodford  Co.,  Ky.,  1878. 
County  Judge  1879-83.     Minister  to  Peru,  S.  A.,  Apl.  2d,  1885  to  Mar.,  1889. 

Buck,  Daniel  (father  of  Daniel  A.  A.  Buck),  early  settler.  Vt.  lawyer.  Speaker  Yt. 
H.  Reps.  1793-94.     Repr.  Vt.  4th  Congress  1795-97.     Died  1817. 

Buck,  Uaniel  Azro  Ashley,  bn.  Vt.  Jan.  16,  1789.  Middlebury  College  1807.  Mil. 
Acad.  West  Point  ISOS.  2d.  Lt.  Engrs.  Feb.  23,  1808.  Resigned  Aug.  31,  1811.  Raised  co. 
vol.  rangers  1813.  ('apt.  31st  U.  S.  Infy.  Apl.  30,  1813.  Disbanded  June  15,  1815.  Adm. 
bar  1813.  Lawyer  Chelsea.  Vt.,  1811-13  and  1815-1835.  Vt.  Legis.  181C-23,  1825-27,  1829-31, 
1833-36.  Speaker,  1820-23,  1S2.V2T.  and  1829.  State's  Atty.,  Orange  Co.,  six  years.  Pres. 
Elr.  1820.  Repr.  Vt.  18th  Congress  1823-1825  and  20th  Congress  1S27-1S29.  Clerk  Indian 
Bureau  1835-39  and  in  Treasury  Dept.  1840-41.  Trustee  Univ.  Vt.  1829-35.  Died  in  Wash., 
D.  C,  Dec.  24,  1841. 

Buck,  John  R.,  bn.  Glastonbury,  Conn.,  Dec.  6.  1836.  Wilbraham  Acad.  Mass.  Wes- 
leyan  Univ.  1  year.  Adm.  bar  1862.  Lawyer,  Hartford,  Asst.  Clk.  Conn.  H.  Repr.  1864. 
Clerk  1S65.  Clerk  Senate  1S66.  Pres.  Hartford  Com.  Council  1868.  City  Atty.  1871,  1873. 
Treasurer  Hartford  Co.,  18G3-1881.  State  Senator  1880,  1881.  Repr.  Conn.  47th  Congress 
(Rep.)  1881-1883.  Defeated  for  48th  Congress.  Repr.  49th  Congress  1885-1887.  Defeated 
for  50th  Congress. 

Buck,  Norman,  bn.  Lancaster.  N.  Y.,  Apl.  13.  1S83.  Lawrence  Univ.  Wis.  1859.  Al- 
bany Law  School,  1860.  Lawyer  Winona,  Minn.,  1860.  Served  in  7th  Minn.  vols.  1862-65. 
Capt.  Mar.  3d,  1865.  Mustered  out  Aug..  1865.  Judge  of  Probate  1865-71.  Pros.  Atty. 
1873.     U.  S.  Dist.  Atty.,  Idaho,  1878.     Justice  Supreme  Ct.  Idaho  Terr.  Jan.  27,  1880-1888. 

O.  O.  Buck,  Newman  or  Meadow  Grove  Madison  Co.,  Neb. 

W.  O.  Buck,  cashier  of  Centl.  Natl.  Bank,  Tulsa,  Okl.  Descendant  of  Lyman  Buck  of 
Lake  City,  Minn. 

108 


George  Washington.  Ancestry.  John.  Son  of  Lawrence.  "Washington  A  Remote  An- 
cestor. Col.  John  Washington  of  Cave  Castle,  East  Riding.  Augustine  and  Marriages. 
Mt.  Vernon.  The  Fun (mrs.  Vernons  unit  Bucks.  Washington's  Love  Affair.  Mar- 
riage.     Adopted  Family.      Arlington   Mansion.      Lafayette  and   Franklin,  Distinguished 

Visitors. 

The  ancestry  of  George  Washington  ran  be  traced  no  further  back  with  certainty 
than  his  great  grandfather  John  Washington  who  settled  in  Virginia  about  1G57,  al- 
though he  is  undoubtedly  connected  with  the  Washingtons  of  Northumberland  and  Dur- 
ham, England.,  and  perchance  back  to  a  scion  or  stock  of  Odin  or  Wodin  as  some 
genealogists  have  traced  it,  may  have  been  of  Scandanavian  or  Morse  Vicking  stock. 
Many  sovereign  families  of  northern  Germany  including  our  own  Saxon  princes  traced 
their  descent  to  Odin  or  Wodin,  the  Scandanavian  hero  of  a  Germanic  tribe  between 
the  Elbe  and  the  Oder. 

His  remote  ancestor  was  John  Washington,  a  Royalist  of  Little  Brington,  knighted 
as  Sir  John  by  King  James  in  1G22.  who  emigrated  from  England  about  lf;.r>7  with  his 
brother  Lawrence.  They  are  believed  to  have  been  sons  of  Lawrence  Washington,  at  one 
time  fellow  of  Brasenose  College,  Oxford,  in  1631,  proctor  of  Oxford  University  and 
afterward  rector  of  Burleigh,  a  Royalist  himself,  the  son  of  Lawrence  Washington  of 
Sulgrave,  Northamptonshire,  and  descended  from  John  Washington  of  Whitfield,  Lanca- 
shire. 

Col.  John  Washington,  first  married  in  England,  came  from  "Cave  Castle"  on  the 
Humber  East  Riding,  Yorkshire,  witli  wile  and  two  children  in  1G59,  but  the  three  died 
soon  after  arriving,  when  he  md.  Aim  Pope  of  Pope's  Landing,  Westmoreland,  and  had 
3  children  Lawrence,  Augustine  ami  Mildred.  Augustine  married  twice.  By  the  first 
marriage  Apl.  20.  1715,  with  Jane,  dan.  of  Caleb  Butler  of  Westmoreland  who  died  in 
172S,  there  were  four  children  of  whom  only  Lawrence  survived  to  manhood.  He  md. 
Annie  eldest  dau.  of  Lord  William  Fairfax  of  "Belvoir,"  in  July,  1743,  and  the  second 
dau.  Sarah  was  md.  to  Mai.  John  Carlisle  of  Bilhaven  near  Alexandria,  Va.  By  the 
second  marriage  with  Mary,  "the  rose  of  Epping  Forest"  dau.  of  Joseph,  son  of  Col. 
William  Ball  and  2nd  wife  Mary  Johnson,  there  were  six  children:  George,  Betty, 
Samuel,  John,  Charles  and  Mildred. 

The  father  died  when  George,  born  at  Bridge  Creek,  Westmoreland  Co.,  Va.,  Feb.  22, 
1732,  was  but  12  years  old  and  Mary  Johnson,  the  mother  of  Mary  Ball,  afterward 
md.  Capt.  Richard  Hewes  of  Westmoreland,  and  after  that  about  174S,  he  was  at  Mount 
Vernon  with  his  half  brother  Lawrence  who  was  his  guardian.  Lawrence  inherited  the 
estate,  now  known  as  Mount  Vernon  and  for  George  built  the  mansion  in  174::.  His 
father's  usual  residence  which  lie  inherited  was  nearly  opposite  Fredericksburgh,  on 
the  northern  neck  between  the   Potomac  and  Rappahanock. 

Lawrence  was  the  son-in-law  of  his  neighbor,  Lord  William  Fairfax  at  Mount  Vernon. 
Lord  Fairfax  and  his  son  Sir  Thos.  Fairfax,  knighted  by  King  Chas.  in  1G40,  of  York- 
shire, distinguished  themselves  in  the  campaigns  in  the  north  of  England  with  Crom- 
well. Lord  Fairfax  died  in  1G32,  and  Sir  Thos.  succeeded  to  his  father's  title  in  1G48. 
Second  Lord  Fairfax  died  in  1671.  Lord  William  Fairfax  with  whom  Lawrence  had 
served  in  English  and  Spanish  war  at  Carthagenia.  Spain,  and  had  made  the  acquaint- 
ance of  Admiral  Edward  Vernon,  son  of  Lord  James  Vernon,  who  md.  Mary,  dau.  of 
Sir  John  Buck  of  Lincolnshire  in  1635,  of  Sudbury  Hall,  Gl 54  acres  in  Derby,  England, 
from  whom  Mount  Vernon  was  named.  Another  descendant,  Harry  F.  Vernon,  had 
744S  acres  in  Worcester,  England,  in  1873.  On  the  death  of  his  half  brother  Lawrence, 
George  was  made  executor,  under  the  will  and  residuary  heir  of  Mount  Vernon. 

George  William,  son  of  William  Fairfax,  born  in  1724.  md.  Sarah,  dau.  of  Col. 
Wilson  Carey  of  Celys  on  James  River  in  174S.  It  is  said  that  George  proposed  to  the 
charming  Miss  Mary  Carey,  sister  of  Mrs.  George  Fairfax,  in  coming  down  the  staircase 
in  the  Blue  Room  of  the  Carlisle  House  built  in  1753.  in  Alexandria  where  he  was  a 
frequent  visitor  and  being  refused,  there  met  his  first  defeat  as  she  was  already 
engaged  to  Lawrence. 

He  md.  in  1759,  Mrs.  John  Park  Custis,  a  rich  widow  with  two  children:  Park  and 
Nellie  Custis.  Park  md.  Mary  Lee  Fitzhugh  and  their  dau.  Mary  md.  Capt.  Robert  E. 
Lee  of  the  Arlington  mansion  and  Confederate  fame. 

Washington  settled  at  Mount  Vernon  and  often  entertained  Lafayette,  the  dis- 
tinguished French  general  in  the  American  cause,  as  well  as  Franklin,  and  many  other 
celebrities  of  those  perilous  and  eventful  times.  lie  was  made  commander  of  the 
Virginia  forces,  aide-de-camp  to  Braddock  in  Indian  campaign,  1755.  At  an  early  age 
chosen  to  Colonial  Congress  in  1774.  Finally  General  i  commander-in-chief )  of  the 
Colonial  Army,  1775,  and  first  president  of  the  United  States  of  America,  Apl.  30,  1789 

109 


Childless  But  "Father  of  his  Country."  Buck  and  Butler  Family  Connection.  Thos.  Buck 
Mil.  a  Hews.  I'u i>t.  Hews  Md.  Mary,  Widow  of  Joseph  Ball.  Washington  Often  Stopped 
at  Buck's  Tavern   on   Way  to  Phila.     Hens.  Balls  and  Butlers.     Butler  vs.   Walter.     Rt. 

Hon.  .lames   Vernon. 

to  97.  He  died  childless  at  Mount  Vernon  Dec.  14,  1799,  but  not  fatherless  as  he  was 
surely  the  Father  of  his  country. 

In  1019,  many  arrived  and  continued  to  come  into  the  Virginia  colony.  That  nearly 
1.' M id  prisons  were  of  "same  mind."  "Separatists"  as  they  were  called,  being  unanimous 
for  freedom  of  church  and  colony  which  afterward,  1G73,  led  to  the  "Bacon  or  Great 
Rebellion,"  and  the  burning  of  Jamestown  in  1676,  lor  in  1G43.  laws  were  passed  com- 
pelling conformity  to  the  English  Church  and  "the  Independents."  as  they  styled  them- 
selves were  fined  and  imprisoned  and  finally  emigrated  to  Maryland  and  New  England. 
In  1649,  the  colony  of  Virginia  was  increased  by  the  arrival  of  300  Royalists,  fugatives, 
and  in  1052  to  57,  at  which  time  the  Washingtons  came,  trade  was  established  and 
under  certain  provisions,  was  finally  rendered  brisk  with  England,  Holland,  and  New 
England  colonies. 

Capt.  Augustine  Washington,  grandson  of  Col.  John  Washington,  the  first  who 
emigrated  to  Virginia,  was  a  sea-faring  man  plowing  the  Atlantic  seas,  for  several  years 
bringing  over  emigrants  from  England  and  carrying  back  iron  ore  and  other  com- 
modities. Lawrence  the  son  served  under  the  command  of  Admiral  Vernon  of  the 
British  navy  in  the  siege  against  Carthagenia  in  the  Spanish  war  for  which  they  re- 
ceived a  patent  of  5,1 acres  in  Virginia  in  1074,   from  Gov.   Lord  Culpepper  and   "in 

payment  for  their  mutual  venture  in  bringing  into  the  province,  according  to  an  act  of 
the  General  Assembly,  100  emigrants  from  England  as  settlers."  This  was  the  original 
Mount  Vernon  tract. 

Samuel  Buck,  bn.  Feb.  2.  1004,  son  of  Henry,  bn.  in  1626,  and  Elizabeth,  dan.  of 
Josiah  Churchill  and  Elizabeth  Foot  his  wife  md.  Jan.  29,  1090,  Sarah,  dau.  of  Dea. 
Samuel  Butler  of  Weathersfield,  Ct.  Jane,  dau.  of  Caleb  Butler,  the  first  wife  of 
Augustine,  the  father  of  George  Washington,  it  is  said  was  a  very  near  relative. 

Caleb  Butler,  a  New  England  author,  1776-1854,  a  descendant.  This  large  family 
of  Butlers  were  of  English  distinction  of  which  Samuel  "the  poet,"  1012  to  1GS0,  author 
of  "Hudibras,"  and  Joseph,  an  eminent  English  theologian,  1092-1752,  in  his  "Analogy 
of  Religion,"  are  best  known.  Samuel,  William,  Caleb,  James  Thomas,  and  Zebulon, 
five  brothers,  descendants  and  among  them  William,  in  particular,  patriot  soldiers  and 
officers  in  the  Revolutionary  service. 

Thomas  Buck,  son  of  Thomas,  born  about  1618,  who  shipped  to  Virginia  in  1G35,  md. 
Deborah  Hews  of  Guilford,  Ct.,  Oct.  10,  1665.  She  was  also  said  to  be  a  near  relative  of 
Capt.  Richard  Hews,  who  md.  Mary,  the  widow  of  Joseph  Ball.  Washington  often 
stopped  at  Buck's  tavern,  notably  Sept.  3.  1774,  midway  between  Galena,  Kent  Co.,  Md., 
and  New  Castle,  Del.,  on  way  back  and  forth  to  Phila.,  (Cont.  Congress),  151  miles  (as 
seen  by  his  diary),  where  descendants  of  Thomas  resided.  Joseph  Hews,  1730-1799, 
was  one  of  the  signers  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence,  and  George  Hews,  R.  T.,  1731- 
1S40,  was  one  of  the  Boston  tea  party.  There  is  also  a  Bucktown  near  the  Chesapeake 
in  Dorchester  Co.,  Md. 

John  Ball  of  Chessington  near  Woodstock,  England,  was  an  English  Puritan  Devine, 
15S5-1640. 

The  ancient  family  of  Butler  of  Durham,  England.  James  eldest  son  of  Edmund 
Butler  in  1328,  in  time  of  Edward  3rd.  James  Butler,  12th,  Earl  and  first  Duke  of 
Ormande  was  born  at  London,  Oct.  19,  1010.  He  was  grandson  of  Walter,  Earl  of 
Ormande  and  eldest  sou  of  Thomas  Viscount  Thules  and  Elizabeth  Poyntz.  His  pedigree 
extends  back  to  Henry  2nd's  expedition  to  Ireland  when  Theobald  Walter  received 
in  addition  to  large  estates,  the  hereditary  butlership  of  Ireland  and  the  prisage  of 
wines,  which  formed  an  important  part  of  the  vast  wealth  which  the  family  always 
possessed.  Hence  the  name  Butler  from  Walter.  The  title  of  "Ormande"  appears  to 
have  been  granted  to  James,  the  "noble  earl."  who  by  the  female  side  was  a  great  grand- 
son of  Edward  1st.  He  received  the  commission  of  Lieut.  Gen.  in  1G42,  and  was  made 
Knight  of  the  Garter,  Sept.,  1649.  by  Chas.  2nd,  and  Lord  High  Steward  of  England,  Mar. 
30,  1661.  He  died  July  21,  1688,  and  is  buried  in  Westminster  Abbey.  Sir  Thomas 
Butler  was  created  a  peer  in  1321.  by  King  Edward  2nd.  Hon.  Fitz  Walter  Butler  being 
the  21st  Baron,  descendant  as  Lord  Donboyne  of  Knoppogue  Castle  near  Quin,  County 
Clare,  Ireland,  1750. 

Of  the  ancient  family  of  Vernon,  Right  Hon.  James  Vernon,  of  Hanbury  in  Staf- 
fordshire, England,  Secretary  of  State  from  1697  to  1700,  md.  Mary,  dau.  of  Sir  John 

110 


Marries  Mary,  Dau.  of  Sir  John  Dink.  Malcolm  Vernon  of  House  of  Duke  of  Chitise. 
Mary  of  Guise  Wife  of  James  5th.  Dau.  Mary  Queen  of  Scots.  Sir  George  and  Dorothy 
Vernon.  Bucks  of  Scotland.  Jonathan  Great-Grandson  of  Aldobrand  who  Md.  Bertha. 
Dun.  nf  Johann  Faust.     Romance  of  "The  Antiquary"  Founded  on  Facts.     Lord  Edward 

Geraldi  n. 
Buck  of  Lincolnshire  in  1G35.  He  is  best  remembered  by  3  vols,  of  "Letters,  to  the 
Duke  of  Shrewsbury,"  pub.  in  1841.  Edward,  their  second  son,  born  in  Westminster  on 
Nov.  12,  l(iS4,  was  an  English  Admiral  from  1717  to  1757.  and  died  suddenly  at  Nacton, 
Oct.  30,  1757,  and  is  buried  in  church  there.  In  the  love  of  ancestry  Malcolm  Francois 
d'Lorraine  Vernon,  whose  mother  was  of  the  princely  house  of  the  Duke  of  Guise,  1508- 
1675,  (who  defeated  Chas.  the  Bald,  1508,  and  won  the  battle  of  Calais  of  the  English. 
155S),  a  Flemish  frontier  family,  half  French,  half  German,  purports  to  be  cousin 
German  of  the  English  Dorothy  Vernon,  dau.  of  Sir  Geo.  Vernon,  Lord  of  Haddon  Hall 
(6154  acres),  who  md.  the  son  of  the  Duke  of  Rutland  Castle  (in  all  26,973  acres  in 
1873),  thus  uniting  one  of  the  oldest  and  largest  estates  in  all  England. 

Mary  of  Guise  was  the  wife  of  the  Scottish  King,  James  5th,  and  the  daughter  was 
Mary,  Queen  of  Scots,  bn.  at  Linlithgow  Castle,  Dec.  7,  1542,  and  of  Stirling  and  Holy- 
rood   Highland  Castle  near  Edinburgh  and   Loch-leven,  Castle  Kinsors,   south   Scotland. 

Jonathan,  son  of  Alden  Buck,  an  antiquary,  KJCO-1757,  of  Scottish-English  extraction, 
his  home  Dalkeith,  near  Abbotsford,  Scotland,  great-grandson  of  Aldobrand  Buck,  1612, 
of  Saxon.  Norman  and  Celtic  descent,  who  md.  Bertha,  the  wealthy  dau.  and  heiress 
of  Johann  Faust,  goldsmith  and  with  Guttenburg,  the  first  printer  of  Nuremberg,  I  156, 
of  which  there  is  a  fine  romance  as  being  won  on  a  troth  vow  or  wager  by  his  skill  and 
favor  as  a  typist  and  hand  pressman  acquired  in  Germany  in  149:1  as  a  journeyman  on 
her  father's  press,  excelling  all  others  at  Mainz,  1455-62. 

In  a  Romance  "of  the  Antiquary,"  or  the  lost  heir  by  Scott,  about  as  follows: 
Jonathan  Olden  Buck,  Lord  of  Monkbarns,  Gothic  Abbey  between  Edinburgh  and  Queens- 
bury,  1745  to  1S04,  one  of  a  family  that  had  been  established  for  several  generations  in 
the  vicinity  of  the  thriving  seaport  town  of  Fairport  or  Buckhaven,  north  of  Edinburgh, 
formerly  of  Middleham  Castle,  North  Riding,  Yorkshire,  England,  but  now  of  Arbroath 
in  Forfairshire  a  seaport  and  linen  manufacturing  town  and  station  on  Caledonian 
railway  17  miles  northeast  of  Dundee,  Scotland,  of  20,000  inhabitants  in  1872.  He  lived 
with  his  sister  Griselda  and  his  niece  Mary  Mclntyre  and  nephew  Capt.  Hector  Mclntyre 
near  his  friend  Sir  Thomas  Arthur  Wardour,  son  of  Sir  Anthony.  Baronet,  son  of  Richard 
and  Sibyl  Laith,  the  first  Norman  Baronet,  1150,  of  a  noble  Pictish  family  of  Lochwin- 
norh  Castle,  10  miles  southwest  of  Glasgow  on  southwestern  railway,  and  his  dau. 
Isabel  Wardour  and  Miss  Eveline  Neville,  a  cousin-German,  dau.  of  Geraldin  Neville  of 
Nevillesburgh  in  south  Yorkshire,  England. 

Lord  Edward  Geralden,  eldest  son  of  the  first  Earl  and  the  dowager  Countess 
Joscelind  of  Glenallen,  Glammis  Castle,  in  Forfairshire,  Annandale,  Scotland,  marries  his 
cousin  Miss  Neville,  sister  of  the  Major  Neville  of  the  King's  service  and  dau.  of  the 
former  Earl  of  Glenallen  of  whom  Mr.  Alden  Buck  had  been  a  suitor  and  who  died  soon 
after  leaving  a  son  William  Lovel,  alias  Major  Level  (Neville).  Hon.  William  Geralden, 
second  son  of  the  former  Earl  of  Glenallen,  a  distinguished  officer,  adventurer  and  lost 
heir  returns  and  finally  marries  Miss  Isabel  Wardour,  dau.  of  Sir  Arthur,  the  baronet 
of  Lochwinnoch  Castle,  to  whom  Major  Mclntyre  has  been  an  admirer  and  rival,  fights 
a  duel  with  Lovel,  Mclntyre  being  wounded,  but  recovers  to  forgive  his  friend  and  seek 
another  suit.  Capt.  Reginald  Wardour  of  Edinburgh.  Sir  Arthur's  son  and  Miss  Mary 
Mclntyre  niece  of  Alden  Buck  are  about  to  be  married.  Thus  the  tale  of  true  love, 
though  it  had  not  run  smoothly  ends  in  happiness  for  the  lost  heir  of  Glenallen.  Hon. 
William  Geraldin,  a  descendant  of  Aymer  de  Geraldin,  who  sat  in  parliament  at  Perth, 
in  the  reign  of  Alexander  2nd.  and  said  to  be  anciently  descended  from  the  Marmor  of 
Clochnaben  since  the  battle  of  Harlaw,  24th  July,  1411,  who  first  met  Miss  Wardour  in 
south  Yorkshire,  north  of  England,  while  visiting  her  aunt  Mrs.  Wolmot,  Middleham 
Castle,  North  Riding,  and  was  romantic  enough  to  follow  her  to  Scotland,  luckily  led  not 
only  to  find  his  own  at  Annandale,  but  to  unite  with  it  the  (lower  of  Lochwinnoch  Castle. 

Alden  Buck,  the  antiquarian,  was  devoted  to  the  accumulation  of  rare  books  and 
study  of  old  coins  and  medals  and  indeed  every  kind  of  Roman  relics  which  there  abound 
of  which  he  had  a  wide  field.  A  connoisseur  and  collector  and  whimsical  virtuoso  (one 
who  wishes  and  will  know  everything)  and  is  sarcastic,  irritable  and  from  early  disap- 
pointment in  love  a  misogynist  (woman  hater)  but  humorous,  kind  hearted,  and  faith- 
ful to  his  friends.  A  border  worthy  connected  with  the  house  of  Buccleuch.  among 
others  the  countess  of  Dalkeith,  wife  of  the  heir  apparent  to  the  Dukedom  of  Buccleuch 

111 


.1 /</<»  Buck  The  Antiquarian.  The  House  of  Buccleuch.  Jacobite  History.  Early  of 
Buchan.  Norman  Unions  and  Flemings.  Buckhaven.  Bucksburn  and  Lower  Bucks- 
burn.     From   Buck  came  Buchel,  Buchan  and  Buchanan.     Noted.  Scottish  Descendants. 

(6,081  acres)  with  whom  he  was  on  friendly  terms.  The  Duke  of  Buccleuch  had  3,541 
acres  valued  at  t'2S.296  at  Mid  Lothian  in  vicinity  of  Edinburgh  in  1872.  His  father 
went  to  Scotland,  with  his  father's  family,  about  the  time  of  the  great  plague  and  fire 
in  London,  1GG5  or  6,  when  English  blood  spread  over  that  part  of  Scotland  adjoining. 
Becoming  a  so-called  protestant  Jacobite  (Unitarian  in  belief)  but  not  a  partisan  of 
the  Duke  of  York  or  James  the  2nd  in  1085,  or  of  the  Jacobites,  as  they  were  called,  in 
the  sympathy  and  uprising  in  Scotland  in  1715,  in  favor  of  James  the  Pretender  or  of 
Chas.  Edward  the  young  Cavalier,  or  "Bonnie  Prince  Charley"  as  he  was  called,  in  1745. 
He  was  more  interested  and  absorbed  in  his  work.  Subjection  of  Ireland,  1691.  and 
Union  of  Scotland  and  England,  in  1707.  and  the  Alliance  of  France  and  England  in  1716, 
with  the  death  of  James  the  2nd  in  1701,  Louis  14th  in  1715,  and  Chas.  12th  in  1719,  a 
combination  of  circumstances,  all  tended  to  render  the  scheme  abortive.  Jacobite  riots 
and  partisan  songs  in  the  first  year  of  George  1st  reign,  1714.  lasted  at  Oxford  till  1754, 
of  a  certain  vague  Jacobitism  in  the  rebellions  of  1715  and  1745  in  following  the  banners 
of  the  Stewarts  to  the  reverses  and  misfortunes  which  their  loyalty  and  consistancy 
brought  upon  them.  .Many  eminent  men  like  Dryden  and  Burns  were  Jacobites. 
Buckie  harbour,  railway  junction,  north  sea  port,  fisheries  and  glen,  is  on  the  northeast 
shore  of  Banffshire,  Scotland.  75  miles  by  Great  Northern  Railway,  13  miles  east  of 
Elgin  by  rail  near  entrance  to  Moray  Firth,  pop.  in,  1900-6540,  above  Buckhaven.  Early 
of  Buchan,  ("Early"  is  a  word  expressive  of  an  Earl's  possessions)  now  Aberdeen, 
in  12th  century,  and  Moray,  now  Inverness,  was  occupied  by  foreign  settlers  in  1160, 
amongst  whom,  besides  Norman  barons,  were  Flemings,  a  race  fitted  to  civilize  a  new 
country  by  their  industry.  It  is  that,  settlement  that  the  permanent  subjection  of 
Moray  to  the  Scottish  Kings  and  perhaps  the  peculiar  dialect  and  character  of  the 
inhabitants  of  that  part  of  Scotland  were  due.  It  is  supposed  his  grandfather's  family 
landed  at  Buckhaven,  seaport  on  coast  of  Fife,  on  Firth  of  Fourth,  17  miles  north  of 
Edinburgh,  and  gave  it  the  name  with  population  in  1X91  of  4,000,  and  also  spread  to 
Bucksburn,  Glenallen.  near  Queensbury.  hctwei.n  l-'irth  of  Fourth  and  Fife  and  Lower 
Bucksburn  on  the  Dee  in  Aberdeenshire,  Scotland. 

Buchall  Etive,  .';::45  feet,  the  highest  peak  in  the  Grampians  in  Argyllshire,  a  country 
on  the  west  coast  of  Scotland,  between  Buckee  and  Cullen  in  Aberdeen  and  Moray,  as 
well  as  the  Ayr  rising  in  Glenbuck  and  emptying  into  the  Clyde  all  seem  to  indicate  it, 
also  Buchlyvie   (village)   20  miles  Stirling  on  River  Forth,  Bridge  of  Allen. 

From  Buck  came  Buchel,  Buchan,  and  Buchanan,  notable  names  and  sections  in 
Scotland. 

Dr.  William  Buchan,  bn.  1729,  at  Ankram,  Roxburghshire  (Percy  Street,  Oxfordroad ). 
died  Feb.  25,  1805.  Author  of  "Domestic  Medicine"  in  1771.  a  valuable  work  of  20  edi- 
tions in  all  languages. 

Elizabeth  Buchan,  1738-1791,  leader  Scotch  sect  of  Enthusiasts,  or  Fanatic  Dis- 
senters, her  father  being  Lord  of  the  Highlands. 

Peter  Buchan,  a  descendant,   1790-1854,  author  and  collector  of  Scotch   ballads. 

Of  Buchanans.  George.  1506-1582,  Scottish  historian  and  poet.  Claudius,  Scottish 
divine  and  writer,  1766-1815.  Robert,  1841 .  Scottish  poet.  Barbara  Lovel,  dau.  of  Lord 
Lovel  of  Allan  Dale,  Scotland  and  Wales,  md.  the  Duke  or  Lord  of  Buchan.  David 
Stewart  Erskine  Buchan,  Lord  and  Earl  of  Cardross,  founder  of  the  Scotch  "Society  of 
Antiquaries"  and  writer.  1742-1829. 

"Of  all  the  warriors  of  Buccleuch,  Earl  Walter  and  the  Lord  of  Buchan.  a  braver 
ne'er  to  battle  rode." 

Lucy  Ashton  of  Bucklaw,  Avondale,  Lanark,  Scotland,  probably  md.  Hugh  Buck  of 
Mobray,  Leicestershire,  England,  and  John  Ashton  a  fellow  of  Oxford  College,  1395-142S, 
England.  Lollard  and  follower  of  Wickliffe  in  the  struggle  for  social  and  political 
liberty  against  the  Roman  clergy,  her  father  or  brother  at  Dumbuck  ford  and  castle  on 
the  Clyde  12  miles  below  Glasgow,  at  time  of  Reformation,  where  they  afterward  resided. 

It  is  said  Sir  Thomas  Buck  of  Fairford,  8  miles  east  of  Cirencester,  East  Gloucester- 
shire, England,  md.  Jannette,  dau.  of  Lord  Hart  of  Glen  Eden  now  Edinburgh.  Emma 
(Lyon)  Hart,  the  noted  Lady  Hamilton,  was  a  sister,  1789.  James  (McDonald)  Hart. 
Am.  painter,  bn.  in  Scot,  in  1828,  was  a  son,  also  Wm.,  a  bro.  of  James,  Am.  landscape- 
painter,  1823. 

112 


Sir   Thomas   BoilCft.     Hadrian's    Wall   and   Roman    Occupation.     Hist.    Ruins.    Relics    ami 
Treasures  of  Alden  Buck  and  sir  Arthur  Wardour.     Traditional  Records  Of  h<a.  Amasa 

Buck  of  Bath,  .v.  H. 

Thomas,  son  of  Sir  Thomas  Buck,  md.  Grace  Montjoy,  the  dau.  of  an  Irish  nobleman, 
des.  of  Blount  E.  Montjoy  of  Newport  in  1634,  (of  Chas.  1st)  Barons  of  Montjoy,  and  had 
sons,  Hugh,  John  and  Samuel,  who  emigrated  to  America, 

Hugh  Buck  md.  Eliza  Albiston  in  1805  and  lived  in  or  near  Philadelphia,  Pa.  Samuel 
Buck  lost  his  wife  while  crossing  the  ocean  leaving  two  little  girls  who  were  brought  up 
in  John  Buck's  family,  who  lived  and  died  in  Payette  Co.,  Ohio,  and  that  Miss  Harriet 
L.  Buck  of  Grinell,  Iowa,  is  a  descendant,  as  also  the  Bucks  of  the  Buck  Motor  Co.,  of 
Flint,  Genesee  Co.,  Mich.,  spelling  the  name  with  an  additional  i. 

Sir  Thos.  Bouch  built  the  famous  Tay  Bridge  at  Dundee,  Scot.,  in  1876,  the  longest 
iron  bridge  in  Great  Britain,  over  two  miles  long,  which  was  partly  blown  down  with  a 
train  load  of  people  one  dreadful  night  in  the  winter  of  1S80. 

Dundee  on  the  Tay  and  Aberdeen  and  Buehan  Ness  or  Butte,  are  all  above  Bnck- 
haven  on  the  east  coast  of  Scol.  and  Buchlyvie  (village)  in  and  near  Stirling  and  Castle 
on  River  Forth,  Scot.  Highlands.  In  its  earliest  history  Hadrian's  wall  16  feet  high  and 
8  ft.  thick  with  stations,  castles,  camps,  roads  and  fortifications  extending  in  various 
directions  across  the  country.  In  A.  D.  184  Roman  roads  were  made,  and  wall  completed 
in  210  A.  D.,  and  guarded  by  the  5th,  6th,  9th,  11th  and  20th  Roman  Legions  and  ex- 
tended from  sea  to  sea  across  the  south  of  Scot,  and  north  of  Eng.,  73  miles  from  river 
Eden  in  Cumberland  to  the  Tyne  in  Northumberland,  between  Sal  way.  Firth  and  walls 
ending  on  the  Tyne,  commenced  in  120  A.  D.  against  the  Scots  and  Picts  and  so  it  has 
been  since  young  Macalpines  and  MacFergus  ignored  dead  lines  and  long  before.  Also 
earthern  ramparts  of  Antonius  reign,  under  Agricola  in  79  A.  D.,  and  strengthened  and 
walled  by  Severius,  in  north  of  Scotland  140  A.  D„  between  the  Firth  of  Fourth  and  the 
Clyde,  dug  a  deep  trench  12  to  14  feet  wide  and  built  a  high  wall  with  a  fort  every  two 
miles  across  the  isthmus  36  miles  to  repel  the  Caledonians  or  Highlanders  during  the 
occupancy  of  the  5  Roman  Legions,  50,000  men  encamped  for  about  300  years. 

All  this  country  between  or  about  these  walls  being  in  the  scope  of  Roman  oc- 
cupancy which  remained  throughout  the  whole  Roman  dominion  until  they  were  finally 
withdrawn  by  Honorius,  438  A.  D.  Massive  fragments  of  the  walls,  its  stations,  castles, 
roads  and  protecting  camps,  (the  Roman  soldiers  always  lived  in  camps)  with  the  founda- 
tion of  a  bridge  over  the  north  Tyne  may  still  be  seen  and  easily  reached  by  the  Halt- 
whistle  station  on  the  railway  between  Newcastle-upon-Tyne  and  Carlisle,  and  the  great 
masses  of  brick  and  concrete  to  be  found  everywhere  betoken  true  Roman  occupation. 

Scotland  in  the  number  and  extent  of  its  military  relics  has  no  peer  and  it  is  doubt- 
ful if  any  other  spot  on  earth  can  show  or  even  approach  the  number  and  variety  of  the 
ancient  castles  that  parallel  and  mark  its  history.  It  cannot  be  doubted  but  what  Alden 
Buck,  the  antiquarian,  had  a  wide  field  for  his  operations  and  with  the  aid  of  the  re- 
cluse, Edie  Ochiltree,  and  occult  scientist  Herman  Deusterville  with  his  divining  rod, 
and  Sir  Arthur,  his  neighbor  and  friend,  whom  he  had  fallen  in  with,  found  considerable 
buried  treasure  amid  the  ruins  of  St.  Ruth's  priory,  or  old  Abbey  of  Arbroath,  Forfar, 
of  1272,  on  east  coast  of  Scot,  as  they  say.  and  his  disultory  and  rambling  habits  enabled 
him  to  gather  and  classify  a  valuable  historical  collection  for  his  friends  and  successors 
of  the  third  generation  of  this  early  Eng.-Scottish  line  and  the  later  Col.  Thos.  P.  Ochil- 
tree, noted  mesmerist,  and  Wm.  Deutsch  made  famous  in  breaking  the  Faro  Bank  at 
Monte  Carlo. 

The  traditional  record  of  this  branch  of  the  family  given  me,  says  Jas.  S.  Buck  by 
my  grandfather,  Dea.  Amasa  Buck  of  Bath,  Grafton  Co.,  N.  H..  is  as  follows:  That  his 
great-great-grandfather  came  to  this  country  from  Scotland  about  1630  or  35  and  settled 
in  Woburn.  or  Farmingham,  Mass.,  two  of  whose  descendants  settled  in  Maine,  two  in 
Mass.  and  three  in  Conn.  Of  the  last  named,  one  called  Ebenezer  lived  in  Somers  or 
Willoughby,  one  in  Killingly  and  one  in  New  Haven  or  Weathersfield,  the  names  of  the 
last  mentioned  he  had  forgotten.  (See  Hist,  of  Farmingham,  page  199).  That  his  great- 
grandfather's name  was  Isaac,  that  his  father's  name  was  Thomas,  and  that  the  great- 
grandfather was  the  3d  in  descent  from  the  original  immigrant.  (See  "Buck  Family 
Manuscript,"  by  Jas.  Smith  Buck,  M.  D..  latter  part,  page  33,  in  National  Library.  Wash.. 
D.  C,  "Before  I  end  my  life,  a  statement  for  other  men  to  read,  especially  of  this  line.") 
When  the  final  struggle  came  between  the  armies  of  France  and  England  for  the 
supremacy  of  Quebec,  "the  Gibraltar  of  America,"  finally  Canada  was  won  from  the 
French  by  Wolfe's  victory  over  Montcalm  on  the  plains  of  Abraham  at  Quebec.  Sept.  13, 
1759,  where  both  gallant  generals  were  mortally  wounded  and  died  within  a  few  hours 

113 


The  Founding  of  a  Republic.     Final  Struggle  between  the  Armies  of  France  and  England. 

Quota  of  Troops.     Armament.     First  Battle  of  Quebec.     Honor  to  Wolfe  the  Conqueror. 

Second  Battle.     Battle  of  Stillwater.     Sgt.  Isaac  and  Corp.  Jonathan. 

of  eacli  other,   when  Wolfe  exclaimed,  "We've  won.  they  flee.     The  battle's  ours,  thank 
God."  "but  the  paths  of  glory  lead  but  to  the  grave,"  as  he  expired. 

The  French  had  the  genius  of  Montcalm  and  2.000  regulars  and  Canadian  recruits, 
soldiers  as  brave  as  ever  drew  sword,  but  behind  Wolfe  and  his  stout  English  hearts, 
was  a  new  people,  rich  in  supplies,  trained  in  warfare  and  ready  to  tight  for  their  homes 
and  their  firesides.  South  Carolina,  the  records  show,  furnished  1.250  men  for  the  war. 
Virginia  2.000.  Pennsylvania  2,70o.  New  Jersey  1,000.  New  York  2, (ISO.  New  Hampshire 
and  Rhode  Island  1.000  each.  Connecticut  5,000.  Massachusetts  7,000.  This  comprised 
the  available  strength  of  the  united  colonies  at  that  time. 

It  was  not  merely  the  army,  it  was  that  a  nation  had  arrived  and  grown  too  great 
in  numbers,  in  extent  of  territory,  in  strength  of  character,  bound  and  protected  by  law 
and  order,  to  be  overwhelmed  by  any  power  that  France  could  possibly  produce.  The 
strength  of  Quebec  was  well  known  and  a  powerful  armament  was  assembled  at  Lewis- 
burg  above  for  its  attack.  Twenty-two  ships  of  the  line  and  an  equal  number  of  smaller 
vessels  containing  8,000  men  and  a  vast  amount  of  stores  and  ammunition  reached  the 
Isle  of  Orleans,  opposite  Quebec,  the  26th  of  June,  1759.  and  the  lower  town  was  destroyed 
by  the  batteries  erected  at  Point  Levi  and  the  citadel  afterward  stormed  and  taken  after 
several  desperate  assaults.  Sept.  13th  to  17th,  1750.  This  memorable  battle  fought  in 
1759  is  commemorated  by  a  monument  on  the  plains  of  Abraham  on  which  the  names  of 
both  generals  are  carved.  There  is  also  a  famous  monument  in  Westminster  Abbey, 
Eng.,  in  honor  of  Wolfe,  the  conqueror  of  Quebec. 

Afterwards  this  same  spirit  manifested  itself  and  was  displayed  in  the  American 
Revolution  in  one  grand  and  successful  effort  to  cast  aside  the  yoke  of  monarchy  and 
assert  their  liberty,  independence  and  self-government  as  American  citizens  in  the  birth 
of  a  nation.  It  was  also  a  favorite  project  of  the  colonists  at  the  commencement  of  the 
Revolution  to  take  Quebec  and  thus  conquer  and  regain  Canada  while  the  French  re- 
mained the  unwilling  subjects  of  the  British  crown,  but  the  undertaking  proved  futile 
and  disastrous  for  many  reasons  as  before  related. 

Jonas  Fay,  bn.  in  Mass.,  1737.  died  1818.  A  surgeon  under  Ethan  Allen  at  the  sur- 
render of  Ticonderoga,  1775.  David  Worcester,  bn.  in  Conn,  in  1710  died  in  1777.  was 
Col.  3rd  Conn.  Reg.  in  1755.  and  Brig.-Gen.  in  the  north  from  1758  to  1760  in  Continental 
Army,  succeeded  Gen.  .Montgomery  I  when  killed)  at  Quebec  and  succeeded  pro  tern  by 
Daniel  Morgan  (1736-1802)  next  in  rank  and  command.  Major  Arnold  being  wounded 
with  a  broken  leg  and  disabled.  Daniel  Morgan  afterward  under  Gen.  Gates  lead  the 
charge  at  Stillwater  with  his  sharpshooters  that  brought  down  Gen.  Frazer  and  won  the 
battle,  Oct.  7.  1777.  that  ended  Burgoyne's  campaign.  Seth  Warner  as  Col.  of  Vermont 
forces  participated  in  Montgomery's  expedition  to  Canada. 

Col.  Seth  Warner,  bn.  1743,  of  Woodbury,  now  Roxbury.  Conn.,  md.  Hester  Hurd  of 
Roxbury  in  1767.  He  returned  from  Quebec  and  died  Dec.  26,  1784.  Col.  Allen  was  cap- 
tured near  Montreal  after  crossing  the  river  at  St.  Johns  by  overwhelming  numbers  from 
not  being  supported  by  Major  Brown's  detachment  as  was  planned.  Sergeant  Isaac  Buck, 
witli  Wolfe  in  1759,  and  his  brother  Jonathan,  a  corporal  in  Capt.  Cochran's  Co.,  Major 
Brown's  Det.  died  before  Quebec,  Jan.,  1776.  Eleazer  Osweld,  son  of  Richard,  bn.  Eng. 
1755,  was  under  Arnold,  served  as  Captain  at  Ticonderoga  and  also  at  Quebec,  1775, 
where  he  assumed  command  and  distinguished  himself  in  charge,  Arnold  having  been 
wounded.  He  was  Arnold's  secretary  and  in  1777  was  promoted  to  Lieut.-Col.  in  Lamb's 
Artillery  Reg.  (survivors  of  the  siege  of  Quebec,  1775-6).  He  died  in  1795.  Col.  James 
Easton,  bn.  in  Conn,  was  a  Col.  in  the  Revolutionary  War,  raising  a  regiment  by  his  own 
exertions  and  spending  his  entire  fortune  in  the  service.  He  was  one  of  the  leaders  in  the 
capture  of  Ticonderoga  and  brought  the  news  of  the  victory  to  the  provincial  Congress. 
He  was  also  with  Montgomery  in  the  invasion  of  Canada,  and  in  1776  he  received  the 
thanks  of  Congress.  Marinus  Willet,  bn.  1740.  died  1830,  a  lieutenant  in  Delancey's  regi- 
ment in  the  French  wars  with  Montgomery  and  Allen  was  with  Bradstreet's  British  Ex- 
pedition against  Fort  Frontenac  and  was  present  at  the  Siege  of  Quebec  under  Wolfe  in 
1759  with  the  rank  of  major. 

In  1758  Col.  Bradstreet  with  3,350  men  crossed  from  Oswego,  first  to  Buck's  Island 
(now  Duck)  and  captured  some  armed  vessels  and  thence  to  the  other  side  of  the  Lake 
(Ontario)  and  reduced  Fort  Frontenac  (now  Kingston,  Ontario,  Canada)  and  after  se- 
curing the  military  stores  and  ships  returned  and  Fort  Ontario  (at  Oswego.  N.  Y„)  was 
rebuilt  and  greatly  enlarged. 

114 


War  of  IS12.    Lemuel.  Joel,   Ephraim,    U'm..  suinl,  and  Other  Bucks   in    War  of   1812. 

Vergennes,  Fort  Cassin,  Basin  Harbor,  Ticonderoga.     Abercrombie's  Defeat.     Rebuilt  hi/ 

Amherst.     Captured   by  Allen.     Fori   Frederick 

The  fleet  with  which  Macdonough  captured  the  British  squadron  in  the  War  of  L812 
was  built  and  fitted  out  at  Vergennes,  Vt.,  a  city  on  Otter  Creek,  21  miles  south  of 
Burlington,  Vt.  It  has  an  excellent  harbor  (Basin  Harbor)  on  Lake  Champlain  for  the 
largest  vessels.  Vergennes  was  an  important  naval  depot  during  the  War  of  1812  and 
an  U.  S.  Arsenal  is  still  maintained  there.  During  the  war  177  tons  of  cannon  shot  were 
cast  there  by  the  government  for  use  at  that  time.  Here  the  Palls  afford  an  abundant 
water  power  for  mills  and  shops  and  it  was  here  and  at  Fort  Cassin,  Basin  Harbor,  on 
Otter  Creek  at  its  mouth,  was  fitted  out  the  squadron  commanded  by  the  gallant  Mac- 
donough, who  met  the  British  fleet  off  Cumberland  Head.  Plattsburg  Bay,  N.  Y.,  on  the 
11th  of  Sept.,  1814,  and  made  it  his. 

Lemuel,  Joel.  Ephraim,  William  and  several  other  Bucks,  as  volunteers,  were  in  the 
War  of  1812-14.  My  grandfather,  Amos  Willmarth,  was  a  sergeant  and  Samuel  Buck  a 
private,  being  at  the  time  stationed  at  Fort  Cassin,  Basin  Harbor,  and  entrance  to  Otter 
Creek  and  Vergennes,  guarding  the  entrance  to  the  city  and  some  unfinished  batteaux 
(boats)  and  a  part  of  the  fleet  that  had  lain  there  since  the  Proclamation  and  call  of 
Gov.  Chittenden  of  Vt.,  under  ('apt.  Thornton  of  the  artillery  and  Lieut.  Cassin  of  the 
navy  under  Gen.  Strong  of  Vergennes  of  the  Vt.  volunteer  troops.  May  14,  1S14.  of  the 
time  of  the  attack  and  repulse  there  of  ('apt.  Martin  Pringle  with  his  British  naval  force 
of  5  sloops  and  13  galleys.  May  9th,  1814,  on  Lake  Champlain. 

Fort  Cassin  was  named  after  Lieut.  Stephen  Cassin,  who  first  won  distinction  in  the 
war  with  Tripoli  (1801  to  5)  in  1803,  in  which  he  served  with  Macdonough  and  Capt. 
Somers  under  Preble,  and  was  later  in  command  of  the  Ticonderoga  in  the  Battle  of 
Plattsburg  Bay  under  Macdonough. 

The  city  of  Vergennes,  on  the  Rutland  R.  R.,  in  a  rich  agricultural  region  with  a  pop. 
of  1,483  in  1910,  is  one  of  the  oldest  and  smallest  cities  in  the  U.  S.  with  a  main  street 
and  open  country  market  day  like  cities  of  old. 

Ticonderoga  is  a  flourishing  manufacturing  village  95  miles  north  of  Albany  at  the 
outlet  of  Lake  George  into  Lake  Champlain,  with  abundant  water  power  for  its  immense 
international  paper  and  pulp  mills  and  American  graphite  works.  This  place  is  chiefly 
remarkable  for  the  prominent  place  its  fortifications  (now  being  restored)  have  held  in 
our  American  history. 

The  fortress  of  Ticonderoga  was  built  by  the  French  in  1755.  It  was  a  place  of 
great  strength  with  its  walls  and  ramparts,  redoubts  and  line  of  breastworks  to  the 
landward  9  feet  high  and  broad.  The  French  under  Montcalm,  Gov.  of  Canada,  assembled 
9,000  men  and  landed  at  Port  Marshall  under  its  protection  in  May,  1757,  for  the  re- 
duction of  Fort  William  Henry  at  the  head  of  Lake  George,  Aug.  3d,  1757. 

The  English  under  Abercrombie  assaulted  it  unsuccessfully  July  Sth,  175s  (Aber- 
crombie's  defeat.  15.000  strong  by  4,000  French  under  Montcalm.  British  loss.  2,000).  It 
was  taken  however,  by  the  British  under  Amherst,  July  26,  1759,  when  the  French, 
mostly  withdrawn  for  the  defense  of  Quebec,  evacuated  and  exploded  a  portion  of  their 
works  which  was  at  once  rebuilt  by  Amherst  at  a  vast  expenditure 

The  Americans  under  Ethan  Allen  surprised  and  captured  it  May  10th,  1775,  (In 
the  name  of  the  great  Jehovah  and  Continental  Congress)  with  all  its  valuable  stores 
and  an  armament  of  174  cannon,  ammunition  and  boat  building  supplies,  but  was  again 
evacuated  by  St.  Cair.  who  was  then  in  command  under  Gates,  on  the  approach  of  tin- 
British  under  Gen.  Burgoyne,  being  cannonaded  from  Mount  Defiance,  a  high  vantage, 
July  6th,  1777.  Gen.  Lincoln  made  a  vain  attempt  to  recover  it  Sept.  13.  1777.  but  al- 
though be  recaptured  Mt.  Defiance,  released  100  Am.  prisoners  and  took  293  of  the  Eng- 
lish, failed  to  recover  the  Fort  itself.  However,  soon  after  the  surrender  of  Burgoyne  at 
Saratoga  (Oct.  17,  1777)  the  garrison  destroyed  their  cannon  and  withdrew  into  Canada. 
The  English  occupied  it  again  for  some  time  in  1780  under  Gen.  Haldiman.  when  it  was 
again  abandoned.  Gen.  George  Washington  with  Gov.  George  Clinton  visited  Forts  Ti- 
conderoga and  Crown  Point  in  1783-4  on  a  tour  of  inspection. 

The  old  importance  of  its  commanding  position  on  a  high  promontory  overlooking 
the  approach  to  Lake  George,  "the  gate  of  the  country,"  is  still  attested  by  the  extent 
and  magnitude  of  its  ruins. 

Fort  Frederick  (named  in  honor  of  Frederick  the  Great,  or  Frederick  Augustus, 
some  say  Frederick  Maurepas,  French  Secretary  of  State  when  Fort  was  built)  was  built 
in  1731  by  the  French  on  Crown  Point.  N.  Y.,  the  smaller  fort  on  a  headland  at  the  nar- 
rowest part  of  the  lake  with  a  windmill  at  Chimney  Point  and  a  small  log  or  block  fort 

115 


Fort  Amherst.     Fortifications,  once  Strongest   Fortress   in  North    America.     Samuel  De 

Champlain.     Battle  of  Algonquins  ami  Iroquois.     Commemoration  "I  Discovery  of  Fake 

Champlain.     Building  Fort  Ticonderoga. 

around  which  a  few  families  settled  in  1730  on  the  opposite  shore.  This  fortress  (now 
in  ruins )  was  a  star  work,  being  in  the  form  of  a  pentagon  with  bastions  at  the  angles 
and  surrounded  by  a  ditch  walled  in  by  stone.  This  post  secured  the  command  of  Lake 
Champlain  and  guarded  the  passage  to  Canada.  The  fort,  greatly  enlarged  by  the  French 
in  1742,  consisted  of  a  wall  of  limestone,  high  and  thick,  enclosing  stone  barracks,  a 
church  or  chapel  and  a  tall,  bomb  proof  round  tower,  magazine  and  sally  port  with 
drawbridge,  the  armament  consisting  of  62  cannon.  In  the  enclosure  was  a  keep  or 
donjon,  a  well  and  barbican  or  oven  (where  it  is  said  they  could  flay  and  barbecue  an  ox  I . 
It  was  strengthened  in  August.  1755,  by  Gen.  Baron  Dieskau  and  held  in  spite  of  the 
hostile  English  expeditions  against  it  in  1755  and  6  until  evacuated  in  1759.  when  it  was 
surrendered  to  Gen.  Amherst,  and  as  it  was  considered  a  great  strategic  point,  he  at 
once  extended  the  lines  and  built  a  much  larger  and  more  formidable  fort  in  1759  and 
60  embracing  7  acres,  at  an  expenditure  of  about  two  million  pounds  sterling,  at  which 
time  he  assembled  15.000  troops  there.  It  is  nearly  a  regular  pentagon  with  5  massive 
stone  barracks  and  extensive  esplanade,  the  rampart's  largest  curtain  being  90,  and  the 
shortest  70  yards,  they  are  about  25  feet  thick  and  nearly  the  same  in  height,  and  re- 
verted with  masonry  throughout.  The  whole  circuit  was  853  yards  and  the  broad  ditch 
and  moat  surrounded  the  works  and  is  blasted  out  of  solid  rock.  There  are  two  demilunes 
or  revelins  and  some  small  detached  outworks  (redoubts).  An  arched  underground  pas- 
sage led  from  the  interior  to  the  lake  (sally  port)  and  a  well  90  feet  deep  and  8  feet  in 
diameter  is  sunk  in  one  of  the  bastions.  It  was  considered  at  the  time  it  was  con- 
structed, although  never  fully  completed,  to  be  the  strongest  fortress  in  North  America. 
It  was  held  by  the  British  until  May  10,  1775,  when  it  was  surrendered  to  Col.  Seth 
Warner  on  the  same  day  that  Allen  took  Ticonderoga.  A  sergeant  and  12  privates  com- 
posed the  whole  of  the  garrison.  Repulsed  Dec.  31,  1775,  and  finally  vacated  May  1st. 
1776,  it  again  fell  into  the  hands  of  the  British  in  1777  when  it  was  soon  after  evacuated. 
In  1773  the  barracks  took  fire  and  the  magazine  exploded  partly  demolishing  the  old 
French  Fort  Frederick. 

The  three  Colonial  Peace  Commissioners,  Benj.  Franklin.  Samuel  Chase  and  Charles 
Carrol  of  Carrolton,  with  John  Jarrol.  a  Jesuit  priest,  visited  the  fortifications  at  Ti- 
conderoga and  Crown  Point,  April  24.  17711,  in  their  mission  to  Canada,  and  by  "Etats 
Generaux."  the  State's  General  Lafayette,  in  1824,  as  he  passed  through  Lake  Champlain. 
It  was  here  in  Bulwagga  Bay  near  Fort  Crown  Point  that  the  first  battle  took  place 
between  Samuel  de  Champlain,  the  discoverer  of  Lake  Champlain.  July  1th,  1609,  with 
his  band  of  Algonquins  and  the  Iroquois,  or  the  5  nations,  the  first  blood  shed  by  fire-arms 
on  the  borders  of  the  U.  S„  July  30th,  1609.  In  commemoration  of  Champlain's  exploit  a 
Tercentenary  Celebration  was  held  July  4  to  10.  1909,  and  a  suitable  monument  erected 
in  1912  in  honor  of  the  explorer  by  the  action  of  the  state  governments  of  New  York  and 
Vermont  jointly,  on  the  site  of  the  present  U.  S.  lighthouse  and  an  old  commanding  re- 
doubt, and  the  French  people  have  contributed  a  bronze  bust  "La  France."  by  Auguste 
Rodin,  the  greatest  of  the  French  sculptors,  to  commemorate  the  event  and  in  an  inter- 
state memorial  lighthouse  to  Champlain  seek  to  preserve  and  perpetuate  the  crumbling 
ruins  of  old  Fort  Frederick  and  the  still  imposing  pile  of  Fort  Amherst,  being  donated 
as  Battlefield  Park:  a  custodian  has  been  appointed  to  maintain  the  fortifications  and 
entertain    interested    visitors. 

During  its  early  French  occupancy  the  shores  were  much  more  thickly  settled  than 
now.  A  town  of  1.500  inhabitants  being  near  the  fort  with  gardens,  vineyards,  stores 
and  paved  streets,  traces  and  relics  of  which  now  exist.  It  was  considered  "the  door  of 
the  country"  and  was  a  trading  station  for  the  pelfries  of  the  Indians,  and  it  was  the  in- 
tention of  the  French  to  make  this  the  real  capital  of  the  new  province  extending  from 
the  Conn.  River  to  Lake  Ontario  and  the  St.  Lawrence  River,  Lake  Champlain  and  the 
borders  of  Canada. 

In  1755  Gen.  Dieskau  returned  from  Lake  George  to  Lake  Champlain  after  their  de- 
feat by  Lyman  and  Johnson  and  in  the  fall  of  1755  began  building  a  fort  at  the  location 
of  what  is  now  called  the  "Grenadier  Battery,"  entirely  overlooking  and  commanding  the 
passage  of  the  lake.  The  following  spring  in  1756  the  French  under  Marquis  de  Lot- 
biniere.  the  military  engineer,  while  Montcalm  was  engaged  in  the  capture  of  Fort  Wm. 
Henry  (1756  and  7)  began  building  Fort  Carillon  (French  word  meaning  "of  Chimes." 
from  distant  waterfalls  of  "Ticonderoga."  the  Indian  name  by  which  it  is  now  generally 
known)   and  pushed  the  work  with  all  dispatch  to  prevent  the  English  from  entering 

116 


The  King's  Highway.  Capture  by  imherst  and  Allen.  Port  Marshall  ship  Yard.  Dis- 
tinguished visitors.  An  imposing  Pageant.  Maj.  Israel  Putnam  and  Maj.  Robert  Rogers 
Forays  a  Mass  of  Ruins.    Restoration,     invasion  of  Canada.     Lieut.  Isaac  Buck.    Ensign 

Jonathan   Buck. 

Canada  employing  over  two  thousand  men  on  the  work  all  through  the  summer  and  fall. 
Early  in  the  spring  of  that  year  they  built  a  saw  mill  at  the  lower  falls  on  the  outlet  of 
Lake  George  and  fortified  "Mill  Heights"  (Mount  Defiance,  above  Port  Marshall)  to  pro- 
tect it.  They  also  built  the  "King's  Highway"  between  the  lakes.  At  this  mill  from  the 
giant  trees  of  the  primeval  forest  they  cut  the  timber  for  the  bridges  on  the  Kind's 
highway  and  their  military  roads  and  for  the  batteaux  they  built  as  well  as  for  the 
fortress  barrack  floors  and  furnishings.  All  was  bustle  and  activity  in  and  around  Ti- 
conderoga  and  every  nerve  was  strained  to  push  Fort  Carillon  to  completion.  An  en- 
trenchment was  thrown  up  July  7th,  1758.  by  Montcalm's  chief  engineer,  Dupont  Le 
Roy,  against  Abercrombie,  half  a  mile  in  advance  of  the  Fort,  with  a  parapet  8  to  10 
feet  wide  and  abattis  100  yards  in  width  reaching  across  the  headland  cutting  off  the 
mainland  as  an  outer  defence.  The  works  were  restored  and  greatly  enlarged  and 
strengthened  by  the  British  after  the  evacuation  and  explosion  or  bastion  by  the  French 
on  its  capture  by  Amherst  July  26,  1759. 

It  was  in  the  summer  of  1775  after  its  capture  by  Allen  that  a  large  number  of  flat 
bottomed  boats  were  built  at  Port  Marshall  ship  yard  (Montcalm's  Landing,  1757)  be- 
side Fort  Ticonderoga  under  protection  of  Mt.  Defiance  and  the  Fort  to  carry  Gen. 
Schuyler's  army  through  Lake  Champlain  to  cooperate  with  Gen.  Montgomery's  army 
in  the  invasion  of  Canada. 

In  April,  1776,  that  distinguished  visitor  Benjamin  Franklin,  came  through  Lake 
George  down  over  the  "Grand  Portage"  (Upper  Falls),  the  old  military  road  from  the 
landing  on  Lake  George  to  the  landing  at  the  outlet  on  Lake  Champlain.  His  batteau, 
drawn  by  six  yoke  of  oxen,  being  transported  over  the  carry;  his  party  and  boatmen 
following  on  foot,  an  imposing  pageant. 

Settlements  were  begun  in  this  town  by  the  French  soon  after  the  commencement  of 
the  fortress  in  1755  but  they  were  broken  up  by  bodies  of  rangers  from  the  vicinity  of 
Fort  William  Henry,  who  often  carried  their  petty  warfare  up  to  the  very  walls  of  the 
fortress.  Among  the  partisan  officers  distinguished  in  this  warfare  were  Maj.  Robert 
Rogers  and  Maj.  Israel  Putnam.  The  former  named  officer  conducted  no  less  than  25 
parties  to  the  invasion  of  this  region  against  the  French  and  Indians  and  the  latter  was 
the  adventurous  hero  of  many  daring  escapades  of  the  French,  Indian  and  Revolutionary 
wars  from  1718  to  1790.  It  changed  hands  several  times  after  this  and  was  finally  dis- 
mantled and  became  a  mass  of  ruins  until  recently  portions  of  it  have  been  restored  and 
protected  by  the  Pell  family,  owning  and  residing  on  the  extensive  grounds. 

After  the  capture  of  Ticonderoga  and  while  the  fighting  was  going  on  in  Mass.  and 
elsewhere  an  expedition  was  organized  under  the  command  of  Gen.  Schuyler  for  the 
invasion  of  Canada,  but  Schuyler  falling  sick  by  the  way,  the  command  devolved  on 
Richard  Montgomery,  a  young  Irishman  who  had  md.  the  dau.  of  Robert  Livingston  of 
Livingston  Manor  near  Albany,  N.  Y. 

After  passing  through  Lake  Champlain  this  officer  captured  St.  Johns  and  Chambly, 
both  on  the  Sorel  River  and  then  made  himself  master  of  Montreal,  but  on  making  an 
assault  on  Quebec,  Dec.  31st.  1775,  in  entering  the  fortified  part  of  the  city  he  was  re- 
pulsed losing  his  own  life,  while  Benedict  Arnold,  another  brave  and  undaunted  leader, 
who  had  joined  him,  was  severely  wounded. 

Sometime  afterward  Gen.  Thomas  arrived  and  took  command  and  in  reorganizing  he 
found  only  900  men  fit  for  service  out  of  2,000,  from  the  fierce  attack,  rigors  of  the 
climate  and  ravages  of  smallpox,  of  which  pestilence  he  was  soon  stricken  and  died. 
In  the  ranking  of  the  men  by  Col.  Hinman  and  Warner  for  further  action  or  to  hold  what 
they  had  already  won,  Isaac  Buck  was  appointed  lieutenant,  being  promoted  from  1st 
sergeant,  and  Jonathan  Buck  appointed  ensign,  promoted  from  corporal,  offices  which 
they  had  not  long  to  fill  for  in  bivouac  or  hovering  round  camp,  having  retired  for  the  ter- 
rible winter,  both  died  a  few  days  afterward  of  the  prevaling  epidemic,  Jonathan  on  the 
16th  and  Isaac  on  the  20th  of  Jan.,  1776,  within  4  days  of  each  other. 

A  few  months  after  before  they  could  recover  and  make  a  new  attempt  to  detour,  the 
British  army  in  Canada  was  reenforced  with  fresh  troops  by  the  arrival  of  Burgoyne  with 
1,300  men  from  Eng.  and  the  Americans  that  had  made  such  a  gallant  fight,  as  well  as 
those  recruits  under  Gen.  Sullivan  arriving  later,  were  obliged  to  abandon  all  designs  in 
that  quarter  and  slowly  retreating  to  Montreal  were  finally  driven  from  Canada.  Mont- 
gomery's loss  was  a  sad  blow,  for  now  all  hopes  were  shattered  of  ever  regaining  the 
dominion. 

117 


Church  of  England.     Charter.     Firs/  Sermon  l>ii  Her.  Richard  Buck.     First  Christening. 

Marriage    of    Pocahontas.     Tobacco    as    Money.     Women    for    the    Colonists.     House    of 

Burgesses  First   Legislative  Body   in   America.     Her.   Richard   Biiel-.     Son   Arrives. 

The  Episcopal  Church  in  America  before  the  Revolution  was  a  part  of  the  Church 
of  England.  During  colonial  times  the  settlement  of  Jamestown  commenced  May  13th, 
1607.  Its  charter  required,  "that  the  true  word  and  service  of  God,  should  be  preached, 
planted  and  used  according  to  the  rules  and  doctrine  of  the  Church  of  England  not  only 
in  the  colonies,  but  also  as  far  as  possible,  among  the  savages  around  them." 

Rev.  Robert  Hunt  labored  in  his  vocation  with  piety  and  zeal  to  the  end  of  his  life. 
He  was  succeeded  by  Rev.  Richard  Buck,  it  is  said,  June  10th,  1610,  who  preached  the 
first  sermon  under  a  thatched  bark  and  sod  roof  in  the  rudely  constructed  little  log 
church  at  Jamestown,  ever  preached  in  a  church  in  North  America.  Rev.  Mr.  Cashaw  is 
also  mentioned  as  writing  a  prayer  for  the  use  of  the  settlers  at  the  time  of  the  famine 
that  was  later  printed  in  their  laws.  After  him  Rev.  Alexander  Whittaker  acquired  by 
his  devoted  exertions  the  title  of  "the  Apostle  of  Virginia."  Under  his  instrumentality 
Pocahontas  was  converted  and  baptized  and  it  is  said,  being  "dean  of  the  church."  mar- 
ried Pocahontas  to  John  Rolfe  in  April,  1613,  the  first  wedding  between  an  Englishman 
and  an  Indian  girl. 

Tobacco  was  soon  introduced  into  England  by  Capt.  John  Smith,  and  being  in  great 
demand  at  4  shillings,  6  pence,  or  about  75  cents  per  pound,  slaves  were  brought  in  and 
it  was  largely  raised  and  turned  into  money. 

As  the  colony  began  now  to  thrive  the  next  ship  brought  over  a  cargo  of  young 
women  and  the  men  who  wanted  wives  and  had  sent  over  word  they  would  pay  100  or 
150  pounds  of  tobacco  for  their  passage,  rushed  down  to  the  wharf  and  wooed  them  so 
eagerly  that  like  the  sabine  women  of  Rome  they  loved  their  husbands  ever  after  and 
there  were  many  happy  homes  in  Virginia. 

The  colonists  occupied  more  and  more  land,  settling  generally  near  a  stream  so  that 
vessels  could  come  and  land  at  their  docks,  and  tobacco  being  planted  as  was  corn  and 
cotton  their  lands  were  called  plantations,  a  name  still  in  use  particularly  in  the  south 
for  any  large  farm,  a  ranch  usually  meaning  a  range  in  the  west. 

As  the  colony  began  further  to  flourish  the  planters  in  1619  had  eleven  settlements 
or  boroughs  and  chose  two  men  from  each  borough  to  sit  in  a  house  of  Burgesses  at 
Jamestown  to  help  to  make  a  set  of  laws  for  their  government  called  "the  Great  Charter." 
It  is  said  this  House  was  opened  by  prayer  by  the  Rev.  Richard  Buck  and  was  the  first 
legislative  body  ever  assembled  in  American  history.  As  the  first  colonists  of  Virginia 
were  all  members  of  the  Church  of  England,  land  provision  was  made  for  ministerial 
support  and  a  setting  apart  of  a  portion  of  land  for  a  glebe  in  each  borough  or  precinct. 
Tithes  were  subsequently  introduced.  None  but  ministers  who  had  received  Episcopal 
ordination  could  legally  officiate  in  the  colony  and  the  utmost  care  was  enjoined  to  be 
taken  by  those  in  authority  in  this  direction. 

There  were  only  three  ministers  in  the  colony  and  only  one  of  these  had  authority 
from  the  Bishop  to  preach.  The  Church  of  England  was  established  as  the  church  of  the 
colony  and  the  ministers  were  to  receive  the  value  of  two  hundred  pounds  a  year  to  be 
paid  in  tobacco  (about  $150  I  under  the  great  charter  of  Sir  Geo.  Yeardly,  as  governor,  in 
1620  to  1622,  after  Sir  Thos.  Dale  and  Capt.  Argall  in  1618. 

Rev.  Richard  Buck  and  family,  wife  and  4  children,  Benamy.  Grecian,  Mary  and 
Peleg,  were  living  in  Virginia,  Feb.  16,  1623,  and  such  glebe  and  ecclesiastical  land  of  100 
acres  was  assigned  him  by  the  corporation  of  James  Cittie  adjoining  the  mouth  of  the 
Chickahominy  River  and  granted  by  patent  and  order  of  court  in  1626.  Virginia  was 
made  a  royal  province  in  1624.  He  died  about  this  time  in  1624,  but  his  family  continued 
to  live  there  many  years  later,  as  they  had  a  large  plantation  besides  of  750  acres,  all 
planted,  with  the  cattle  belonging  to  the  children  and  probably  another  son  older  left 
behind  in  Eng.,  perhaps  for  education,  a  Richard  age  24.  who  after  shipped  in  "the  Ex- 
pedition" to  the  Barabadoes  Nov.  25,  1635,  and  undoubtedly  reshipped  to  them  there  in 
the  first  emigration  from  there  to  Virginia  where  he  and  the  others  must  have  married, 
as  nearly  100  young  women  were  sent  out  from  England  in  1619  and  24  for  the  colonists 
to  marry  and  make  them  homes  and  so  settled  there  and  after  a  time  their  descendants 
emigrated  both  southward  and  westward  as  we  find  many  families  of  Bucks  in  Virginia 
and  North  Carolina,  Maryland  and  elsewhere  in  census  of  1790. 

Six  months  after  Capt.  Smith's  departure  in  1609,  Sir  Thomas  Gates,  with  Capt. 
Newport  ( vice-admiral )  Somers  and  Richard  Buck  arrived  from  the  West  Indies,  on  the 
241  h  of  May,  1610.  He  had  suffered  shipwreck  at  the  Bermudas.  (Somers  or  Summer 
Isles  named  in  honor  of  Sir  George  Somers  (admiral)   who  suffered  shipwreck  there  in 

118 


!    NOX 

IONS 


iclo  of  Capitol,  Washing!    n    D  < 


3^  I 

—    -                               * 

The  marriage  of  Pocahontas' 

Suffering  of  Colon//.  Relief.  Rev.  Richard  Buck.  Coronation  of  Powhatan.  Capt. 
Smith's  Lifr  Spared.  Pocahontas.  Conversion  and  Marriage.  Death.  Distinguished 
Descendants.    John    Randolph    of    Roanoke.     Rev.    Unban]    Buoke    »/    Argecroft    "Sail. 

Jamestown. 

1609)  but  had  reconstructed  two  small  vessels  there  and  finally  reached  Jamestown  just 
in  time  to  succor  the  distress  and  check  the  abandonment  of  the  colony.  And  in  the 
meeting  of  Lord  Delaware  in  the  ship  "George"  or  "Royal  George"  Capt.  S.  Argall.  Mas- 
ter, with  royal  ensign  of  the  cross  of  St.  George  flying  at  masthead,  bringing  supplies 
and  ammunition  (with  presents  for  the  Indians)  coming  up  the  Chesapeake,  the  next 
to  arrive,  (after  they  had  intercepted  and  held  in  check  the  famished  colonists)  at  the 
mouth  of  the  James  River,  50  miles  from  Jamestown,  as  they  were  in  despair  of  relief 
and  about  to  depart  for  Newfoundland  (discovered  by  Cabot  in  1497)  in  hopes  of  get- 
ting a  fishing  vessel  back  to  England.  Many  of  them  had  died  of  whom  was  Rev.  Robert 
Hunt,  now  succeeded  by  Rev.  Richard  Buck  on  June  10,  1610.  Besides  food  supplies, 
they  brought  presents,  one  of  which  was  a  gold  embroidered  coat  and  a  crown  and  after  a 
few  days  the  ceremony  of  coronation  of  Powhatan,  the  sachem  and  chieftain  of  over  20 
tribes  of  8,000  Aborigines,  red  men  or  "Indians"  as  they  were  afterward  called,  was  per- 
formed. 

Soon  after  when  Capt.  Smith  was  taken  prisoner  in  a  skirmish  at  the  chief's  capital 
on  the  site  now  occupied  by  Richmond,  and  about  to  be  killed,  Powhatan  spared  his 
life  through  the  entreaties  of  his  youngest  dau.,  Pocohontas,  and  he  was  allowed  to  re- 
turn to  Jamestown  with  assurances  of  friendship. 

Pocahontas  was  converted  through  the  instrumentality  of  a  young  English  gentle- 
man, John  Rolfe,  then  apparently  a  widower,  and  the  exertions  of  Rev.  Hunt  and  Whit- 
taker  and  on  baptism  she  received  the  christian  name  of  "Rebecca,"  the  first  chris- 
tian convert  in  Virginia.  Afterward  Rolfe  wooed  and  won  her  and  obtained  her  consent 
to  marriage  which  was  solemnized  in  the  little  rude  church  in  Jamestown,  April  1st, 
1613,  Alex.  Whittaker,  the  dean  of  the  church  assisted  by  Rev.  Richard  Buck,  the  rector 
of  the  parish,  (the  dean  is  subordinate  to  the  bishop,  and  the  rector  subordinate  to  the 
dean,  a  deanery  being  divided  into  parishes),  officiating,  with  the  governor  Sir  Thomas 
Dale  and  his  family,  officers  and  attendants,  and  the  Indian  King  Powhatan,  her  lather, 
with  his  chiefs,  household  and  attendants  (as  immortalized  by  painting  of  Henry  Brueck- 
ner,  engraved  and  published  by  John  C.  McRae,  copyrighted,  1855).  A  royal  wedding  in- 
deed, which  afterward  proved  a  bond  of  union  and  blessing  to  the  English  colonists. 
Afterward  she  was  taken  to  England  by  Capt.  Argall  in  1616  and  introduced  into  and 
entertained  and  intermingled  with  royalty  where  she  created  quite  a  sensation.  On  her 
return  when  embarking  off  Gravesend  with  her  husband,  she  was  stricken  with  smallpox 
and  died  in  Feb.,  1617,  at  about  22,  (being  born  in  1595),  leaving  a  son  Thomas  Rolfe,  who 
was  afterward  educated  in  London,  came  to  America,  became  a  gentleman  of  distinction 
and  possessed  an  ample  fortune,  married  and  afterward  had  a  dau.  who  mil.  a  Boiling, 
whose  dau.  Jane  md.  Richard  Randolph,  the  father  of  John  of  Roanoke.  American  states 
man  and  orator,  1773-1833,  and  first  signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence,  and  the 
head  of  several  other  distinguished  families  of  Virginia. 

Rev.  Richard  Bucke  of  Argecroft  Hall  near  Manchester,  Eng.,  married  a  Langley 
and  title  and  inherited  an  estate  at  about  colonial  times  and  probably  is  the  same  that 
came  to  America.  There  were  also  Richard  Bucks  of  the  Landed  Gentry  in  Cambridge, 
Kent,  Gloucester  and  Hampshire,  besides  Sir  Charles  in  Essex,  who  may  have  been  re 
lated. 

Richard  Buck,  24,  embarked  the  20th  of  Nov.,  1635,  in  expedition,  Peter  Blacklee, 
master,  for  Barabadoes,  having  taken  oath  of  allegiance  and  conformity  to  Church  of 
England,  Grecyon,  Benomy  8,  Peleg  4,  Mary  13,  and  the  cattle  belonging  to  Buck's  chil- 
dren were  living  in  Virginia,  Feb.  16,  1G23,  undoubtedly  the  family  of  Rev.  Richard  Buck, 
who  died  in  1624  leaving  the  Virginia  family.  He  came  over  in  1609  and  had  Glebe  ami 
other  lands,  as  granted  and  planted  100  acres  by  Church  of  England  and  750  by  patent  in 
1626  and  was  undoubtedly  of  the  English  family,  and  Richard  Buck  coming  later,  a  son 
of  same  name  and  family. 

In  1678  and  9,  tickets  were  granted  to  emigrants  from  the  Barbadoes  to  New  Eng- 
land and  Virginia  and  a  brisk  trade  sprang  up  and  they  prospered.  J.  C.  Hotten's 
Original  Lists  of  Emigrants.  1600  to  1700,  London,  1874,  page  270.  The  corporation  of 
James  Cittie  (City  I  adjoining  the  mouth  of  the  Chickahominy  River,  there  are  300  acres 
of  land  laid  out  for  the  company  and  for  the  governor  planted,  in  which  are  some  small 
parcels  granted  by  Sir  Thomas  Dale  and  Sir  Samuel  Argall,  planted.  Mr.  Richard  Bucke 
750  acres  planted,  the  Grabe  (Glebe)  land  100  acres.     By  patent  (pending  and  granted) 

119 


First  City  and  Capital  of  New   World.     RvAns.     ('apt.   Saml.  Buck  of  Bennington,  Vt. 

Kami..  Jr.     Emigrates   West.     Saml.  J.  Prof,  of  Grinnell  Colt.  1,0  Years.     Dan.  Edith  C. 

Prof.  Iowa  State  Teachers'   Coll.  20  Years.    Author. 

1626.  In  the  Island  of  James  Cittie  are  many  parcels  of  land  granted  to  the  inhabitants 
by  patent  and  order  of  court.  Among  which  are  Thomas  Gates,  John  Rolfe,  Capt.  Wm. 
Powell,  etc.  in  the  territory  of  Tappahanna,  over  against  James  Cittie,  Pa. 

Jamestown  or  James  City,  as  it  was  called,  the  first  city  and  capital  of  the  New 
World,  on  the  James  River,  50  miles  from  its  sea  harbor  entrance  then  including  all  the 
hind  from  Maine  to  Georgia  in  the  province  of  Virginia  on  the  east  coast  of  America.  It 
was  burned  to  the  ground  in  the  Bacon  rebellion  of  1676.  All  that  is  left  now  is  the 
ruined  ivy  clad  tower  of  the  old  church  with  perchance  a  few  gravestones  standing  or 
an  island  in  the  river  side  which  used  to  be  a  part  of  the  mainland  and  must  soon  dis- 
appear as  the  waters  and  the  elements  are  fast  crumbling  and  washing  it  away. 

Rev.  Richard  Buck  and  perhaps  some  of  his  family  were  undoubtedly  buried  there 
and  their  dust  will  probably  go  out  to  be  intermingled  in  the  ocean  with  the  millions 

"Who  rest  on  its  bosom  forever,  asleep  beyond  all  hopes  and  fears, 

And  yet  their  living  forms  we  mark,  despite  the  lengthening  years. 

So  the  loud  roaring  billows  toss  and  play  while  thou  art  rolling  in  thy  briny  bed. 

No  more  to  see  the  cheering  light  of  day,  till  the  last  trumpet  wakes  the  sleeping 
dead." 

However, 

"They  never  quite  leave  us,  our  friends  who  have  passed 
Through  the  shadow  of  death,  to  the  heavenly  sunlight  above, 
A  thousand  sweet  memories  are  holding  them  fast 
To  the  places  they  blessed  with  their  presence  and  love." 

Capt.  Samuel  Buck  of  Bennington.  Vt.,  bn.  Mar.  22,  1717.  died  July  26,  1833,  son  of 
George  Buck,  bn.  1707,  died  Aug.,  1777,  and  wife  Grace,  bn.  1710,  died  at  Worthington, 
Hampshire  Co.,  Mass..  Fell.  7,  1793,  md.  Feb.  14,  1771,  Susanna  Palmer,  bn.  Mar.  22,  1752, 
died  Mar.  6,  1835,  probably  of  Palmer,  Hampden  Co.,  Mass.,  and  had  10  daus.:  1st,  Sally, 
bn.  in  Massachusetts,  June  25,  1772,  md.  Jothrum  Carpenter,  farmer  and  inn  keeper  of 
Russia,  Herkimer  Co.,  N.  Y.,  1794-97,  she  died  at  Strykersville,  Wyoming  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Nov. 
18,  1855;  2nd  Mary,  bn.  July  6.  1775,  md.  Dec.  6,  1798,  Barney  Leanord  of  Herkimer  Co., 
and  had  son:  Delos  of  Smyrna,  Chenango  Co..  N.  Y. ;  3rd,  Susan,  bn.  Jan.  15,  1778,  in 
Worthington,  md.  Jonathan  Millington  of  Herkimer  Co.,  from  Vermont,  1794;  4th,  Lucy, 
bn.  Oct.  25.  1779,  md.  Robert,  son  of  Ira  Hazard  of  Nelson,  of  Madison  Co.,  N.  Y.,  and  had 
8  children;  5th.  Laura,  bn.  1783,  md.  Ebenezer  Clark  of  Berkshire  Co.,  Mass.,  and  located 
at  Eaton,  Madison  Co..  N.  V.;  6th,  infant  dau.,  still  born,  Aug.  17,  1785;  7th  and  8th, 
Cynthia  and  Lyndia,  twins,  bn.  June  21.  ITss.  Lyndia  died  in  18  days,  Cynthia  died  Oct. 
21,  1855,  aged  H7.  mil.  Leonard,  son  of  Eric  Richardson,  bn.  Aug.  23,  1777,  in  Keene,  N.  H., 
settled  in  Nelson,  N.  Y..  in  L790  and  died  Aug.  9,  1832,  aged  65.  Their  dau.  Julia,  bn. 
Feb.  7,  1812,  md.  Alpha,  son  of  Samuel  Brown,  a  dairyman  of  Mecca,  Ohio;  9th,  Polly,  bn. 
Jan.  3,  1791,  at  Bennington,  Vt..  md.  1st,  Capt.  Noel  Gerauld  (French  sea  captain);  2nd. 
Ephraim  Rice  and  lived  in  Greensville.  Trumbull  Co.,  Ohio;  10th,  Ann  or  Anna,  bn.  about 
1793,  md.  William  Buck,  farmer,  Montezuma,  Poweshiek  Co.,  Iowa,  son  of  Nathan  of 
Wilmington,  Mass.,  and  had  sons:  Samuel  a  teacher  at  Grinnell.  la.,  deceased,  and 
William  F.,  a  lawyer  of  Superior,  Neb.;  and  11th,  son  Samuel.  Jr.,  bn.  June  19.  1796, 
died  Mar.  13,  1X76,  who  md.  Apl.  4,  1824,  Amity,  dau.  of  Nathan  and  Amity  Millington, 
bn.  Apl.  8.  1S04,  died  in  Mecca,  Ohio,  Mar.  20.  1891,  moved  first  to  Russia,  N.  Y.,  a 
dairyman,  and  finally  to  Mecca.  Trumbull  Co..  Ohio,  issue  2  sons:  Samuel  Jay,  bn.  July 
4,  1835,  in  Russia  and  Nathan  M.,  bn.  Dec.  13,  1837,  in  Mecca,  Ohio,  died  about  1S65,  mil. 
Hattie  M.  Smith,  had  3  daus..  all  dead,  no  sons,  all  bn.  in  Russia,  N.  Y.  Rachel,  bn. 
Nov.  25,  1S24,  md.  .lames  Brown,  died  Dee.  25.  L893,  no  children.  Amity,  bn.  July  24, 
1826,  md.  Minor  Secor  Mar.  7,  1855,  died  July  16,  1915.  and  Mary,  bn.  Aug.  20,  1828,  md. 
Amanzer  Barber  Oct.  13,  1849,  died  in  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

Samuel  J.,  Prof,  of  Math.,  Grinnell  College,  40  years  of  which  he  was  a  graduate  and 
member  of  Phi  Beta  Kappa  and  A.  B.,  1858,  Oberlin  A.  M.,  1S62,  and  Tabor  D.  D.,  1903, 
md.  Jane  Cory  of  Sylvania,  Ohio,  college  classmate  at  Grinnell,  Nov.  17,  1859.  children: 
Edith  Cory,  bn.  Oct.  22,  1860,  grad.  Grinnell,  A.  M.,  and  Phi  Beta  Kappa.  Prof.  Iowa 
State  Teachers'  College,  Cedar  Falls,  20  years,  author,  "Aids  and  Methods  in  Elementary 
Instruction,"  1880,  revised  ed.  1908.  D.  A.  R.;  Dr.  Samuel  Cory.  bn.  Sept.  1,  1866,  grad. 
Grinnell.  Phi  Beta  Kappa  and  Rush  Med.  College,  traveled  abroad,  md.  Olive  Belle,  dau. 
of  Joseph  Trigg  of  Rockford,  Iowa,  Oct.  19,  1893  and  have  2  dans.:   Edith  Margaret,  bn. 

120 


This  ruined  Tower  is  all  that  is  left  of  the 
original  settlement.  It  is  but  an  unsteady 
mass  of  brick  and  mortar,  yet  is  a  shrine 
for  every  patript. 


The  A.P.V.A.  chapel  which  has  been 
joined  recently  to  the  old  church  tower. 
an  Association  for  the  Preservation  of 
Virginia  Antiquities. 


^po 

1 

ST-  .'•' 

1 

p^  ^ 

6ot 

"73  tu^/£_ 

Capt.  Saml.  hi  Rev.   Under   Washington.     Southern   Bucks.     Tin-   Roll   Call.     The    Long 

Roll. 

June  3,  1895.  and  Miriam  Josephine,  bn.  Sept.  14.  1902.  and  Irving  Jay.  bn.  Aug.  21,  1869, 
nul.  Phoebe  Michall  of  Buffalo.  N.  Y.,  June  27,  1895.  Issue:  Ruth  Virginia,  bn.  Nov.  26, 
1902,  and  Irving  Jay,  Jr..  bn.  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  Aug.  2."..  1896,  where  they  now  reside,  the 
father  being  an  accountant  and  this  son  being  the  only  descent  in  the  male  line  of  this 
family.  Edith  Margaret,  graduate  of  Grinnell  College,  June,  1916,  awarded  Phi  Beta 
Kappa  key. 

Capt.  Samuel  Buck  was  at  Bennington,  Vt.,  in  census  of  1790  with  wife  and  5  dans. 
and  David  a  brother  was  at  Chatham,  Barnstable  Co.,  Mass..  with  wife  and  son.  He 
was  under  Gen.  Washington  at  first  as  private  from  Massachusetts,  under  Capt.  Joseph 
Thompson  and  Col.  John  Nixon  at  Battle  of  Harlem  Plains,  Sept.  10,  1770.  and  later 
retreat  of  the  "American  Fabius"  to  Harlem  Heights,  see  "Redpath's  History,"  and 
afterwards  under  Col.  Jabez  Hatch,  enlistment  1781,  from  Massachusetts  as  captain  by 
promotion  (Mass.  Soldiers  and  Sailors,  vol.  2,  page  750)  and  pension  granted,  1818, 
when  he  was  71,  from  the  Depart,  of  the  Int.  Bureau  of  Pensions,  O.  W.  &  N.  Div.  T.  R. 
W..  No.  23.  143 — Inv.  Rev.  war,  from  which  application  was  made  by  Edith  Cory  Buck  and 
on  which  she  was  received  into  membership  of  the  D.  A.  R.  and  registered  in  Lineage 
Book  of  the  National  Society.  Wash.,  D.  C. 

Of  the  southern  Bucks.  James  Buck  of  Pitt  Co..  N.  ('..  mil.  about  1776,  Penelope 
Newman,  bn.  Apl.  3,  1761,  of  Huguenot  ancestry  (of  1562)  and  resided  near  Greenville  on 
Tar  River  during  Revolution,  probably  a  decendant  of  the  Rev.  Richard  Buck  of 
Virginia,  1607,  as  Virginia  colonists  settled  in  N.  C,  1053  to  00.  and  Bucksport  and 
Bucksville  are  near  together  in  Horry  Co.,  S.  C,  in  the  valley  between  the  Pedee  and 
Waccamaw  rivers  not  far  from  Georgetown  and  Atlantic  seaboard,  and  previous  to 
1729,  the  Carolinas  constituted  one  province.  James,  James,  Jr.,  John,  Benjamin. 
William  and  Apollis  were  all  at  Newburn,  Pitt  Co.,  (now  Craven)  with  families  in 
census  of  1790.  James  and  Penelope  Buck  had  9  children,  6  sons:  John,  Cornelius, 
Morgan,  Humphrey,  Wiley,  Hunter  and  James  and  3  dans.,  one  md.  a  Little  and  settled 
near  home,  one  a  Baldwin  and  settled  in  Mobile,  Ala.,  and  had  two  sons,  Henry, 
Mobile  &  Ohio  R.  R.  official,  and  Marshall,  prominent  Mississippi  steamboat  captain  be- 
fore Civil  War.  the  other  md.  Naboth  Nelson,  also  of  Alabama.  Of  the  sons,  John  the 
eldest  md.  a  Smith,  remained  and  left  a  family  in  Pitt  Co.  Cornelius  md.  Nancy  Cherry 
and  settled  in  Tennessee,  having  a  large  family.  Morgan  was  a  sea-faring  man,  rose 
from  cabin  boy  to  ocean  sea  captain,  was  twice  md.  and  left  2  sons:  John  D.  and  Morgan 
Evans,  by  2nd  wife  the  widow  Evans.  He  died  at  his  home  in  Carthage,  Ala. 
Humphrey,  bn.  Apl.  10.  1793,  md.  Nancy  Monroe  Perry,  Mar.  10,  1S25,  of  the  illustrious 
Perry  family  of  South  Carolina,  being  a  1st  cousin  of  Gov.  B.  P.  Perry,  bn.  in  Greenville. 
Dist.,  Apl.  4,  1802,  and  had  large  family,  the  eldest  James  Quinn.  bn.  in  Carthage,  Ala., 
July  11,  1S20,  and  died  at  home  in  Lake  Co.,  Miss.,  Mar.  23,  1909,  leaving  a  son  James 
T.  Buck  now  ed.  and  prop,  of  the  "Chillicothe  Ind.,"  Texas,  1911.  Wiley  unaccounted 
for.  Hunter,  md.  1st  in  N.  C,  Francis  Randolph  May  and  made  Lexington,  Miss.,  their 
home.  2nd,  to  Mrs.  Bird  during  Civil  War.  James  the  youngest,  bn.  in  N.  C,  md.  Ann 
Buck  and  settled  at  Pine  Bluff,  Ark.,  where  his  children  and  grandchildren  now  reside. 

Rev.  Martin  W.  Buck   (Baptist)   of  Burlington.  N.  C,  resided  in  New  Jersey. 

New  York  in  the  Revolution  as  Colony  and  State.  These  records  were  discovered, 
arranged  and  classified,  1895-1898,  by  Jas.  A.  Roberts,  State  Comptroller.  Second  Ed., 
Albany,   N.   Y.,   189S.     Enlisted    men   of   the   line,    1775-1784: 

Isaac  Buck,  "General  Arnold's  Regiment,"  .Major  Brown's  Detachment,  as  handed 
to  the  Provincial  Congress  of  New  York  by  Ethan  Allen  and  Seth  Warner,  .Inly  1.  L775, 
"Historic   Band"   were  at   Ticonderoga,   July    1.    1775,   and   list   were   at  Quebec,   1770. 

John  Buck  and  Perigreen  Buck.  Col.  John  McCrea  i  enlisted  men),  13th  Reg. 
Albany  Co.  Militia.  (Col.  John  McCrea  was  brother  of  Jane  McCrea  who  was  massacred 
by  the  Indians  at  Fort  Edward,  July  27,   1777  1. 

Amos  Buck,  10th  Reg.  Albany  Co.  Militia,  Col.  John   lilair  and  Col.  Van   Vorst. 

Zadoc  Buck,  Col.  William  Humphrey,  5th  Reg.  (enlisted  men),  Dutchess  Co.  Militia, 
also  entitled   to'  Land   Bounty   Rights   of   200   acres    (or   more).     Act  passed   23rd    May, 
17S2. 
—  Israel  Buck.  Col.  Morris  Graham,  6th  Reg.   Dutchess  Co.  Militia. 

Andres  Buck.  5th  Reg.  Dutchess  Co.  Militia.  Land  Bounty  Rights.  Major  Brinton 
Paine. 

Israel  Buck  and  Israel  Buck,  Jr..  Col.  Morris  Graham.  5th  Reg.  Dutchess  Co.  Militia. 

121 


New  York  Soldiers.     A  Record  of  the  Achievements  of  Our  People  in  the  Founding  of  a 
Nation.     The  Last  Roll  Coll  Vermont  Soldiers.    At  Ticonderoga.  Quebec  and  Bennington. 

Isaac  Buck. 

Enoch  Buck,  Col.  Philip  Van  Cortland,  2nd  Reg.  Enlisted  men  of  "The  line." 
U.  S.  service  under  Gen.  Washington. 

Daniel  Buck,  16th  Reg.,  and  Joshua  Buc,  17th  Reg.  Albany  Co.  Militia.  Land 
Bounty  Rights. 

Jacobus  Buck,  Jr.,  Col.  Levi  Pawling,  3rd  Reg.  Ulster  Co.  Militia. 

William  Buck  and  William  Buck,  Jr.,  Lawrence,  Christian  and  Nicholas  Bouck,  loth 
Reg.   Albany   Co.   Militia,   Lieut.    David   Becker.     Land    Bounty   Rights. 

Surgeon  Henry  Buck,  "The  Levies,"  (Weissenfels),  Col.  Frederick  Weissenfels. 
Surgeon  Henry  Buck,  "The  Levies,"  "Dubois."  Col.  Lewis  Dubois,  Lieut.  Brinton  Paine. 

Conrad  Buck,  also  in  service,  by  old  Military  Manuscripts.  Descendants,  Conrad 
and  Bernard  Buck.  Father  and  son  50  years  old,  inventors  and  manufacturers  of 
smokeless  powder  at  Corning,  N.  Y.,  were  blown  up  by  an  explosion  while  mixing,  June 
10,  1910.  Another  son  survives  to  whom  the  secret  of  mixing  was  being  divulged. 
Conrad  and  Bernard  Bucke.  were  undoubtedly  descended  from  the  ancient  German, 
Lippe-Buckeberg  of  Schamburg-Lippe,  and  named  from  its  ancient  rulers.  (For  history 
see  Enc.  Brit.,  9th  ed.,  14th  vol.  page  683). 

Zadoc  Buck  of  Amenia,  Dutchess  Co.,  N.  Y.,  was  in  the  Dutchess  Co.  Militia  under 
Col.  William  Humphrey,  5th  Reg.  1775-S4.  He  had  wife,  2  sons,  and  dau.  living  in 
Amenia  in  1790.  Ezra  the  eldest  son,  had  a  son  William,  living  in  1SS7  in  the  Sharon 
valley,  Connecticut.  George  and  Elisha  Buck,  Revolutionary  soldiers  are  buried  in 
"Buckland    Burying-ground,"    at    East   Hartford,    now    Manchester,    Hartford    Co.,    Conn. 

Vermont  and  New  Hampshire   Land   Grants.     (X.   E.   Hist,  and  Gen.   Reg.,  vol.  3). 

Grantees: 

Jothum   Buck,  Addison.  Addison  Co.,  Vt.,  grant  recorded  Jan.,  1753. 

Aaron  Buck,  Danby,  Rutland  Co..  Vt..  grant    recorded  Aug.  27,  1761. 

William   Buck,  Hardwick,  Caledonia  Co.,  Vt.,  grant  recorded  Aug.  28,  1761. 

Isaac  Buck.  Brunswick,  Essex  Co.,   Vt..  grant  recorded  Oct.  13,   1761. 

Thomas  and  Ebenezer  Buck,  Brumley  i  now  Pownal)  Bennington  Co.,  Vt,  grant 
recorded  Oct.  13,  1761. 

Jonathan,  Jonathan,  Jr..  and  Lciis  Buck,  New  Haven,  Addison  Co.,  Vt„  grant 
recorded  Nov.  2,  1761. 

Jonathan  Buck,  Salisbury,   Addison   Co..   Vt.,   -rant    recorded  Nov.  3,   1761. 

Moses  Buck,   Cornwall,   Addison   Co.,   Vt.,  grant  recorded   Nov.   3,   1761. 

Lydol  Buck,  Smithfield  (now  Smithville)  Hillsboro  Co.,  N.  Y.,  grant  recorded  Aug. 
18,  1763. 

Lydol,  Jr.,  Buck,  now  Marlborough.  Cheshire  Co.  (near  Keene),  N.  H.,  grant  recorded 
Apl.  16,  1764.     (N.  H.  Town  Charters,  vol.  3.  page  IIS). 

Vermont  Revolutionary  Rolls,  1775  to  1783.  (No.  2919).  By  authority  of  the  Legis- 
lature. John  E.  Goodrich,  Auditor,  Rutland.  1904.  (200).  Capt.  William  Hutchinson's 
Company.  Page  320:  A  pay  roll  of  ('apt.  William  Hutchinson's  Co.  in  Maj.  Kbenezer 
Allen's  Detachment,  in  the  service  of  the  State  of  Vermont,  1780-1781. 

(Commencement  of  pay.)      (Time  of  service).     (Pay  per  mo.  $9 — Total). 
Isaac  Buck,  Jr.  Feb.  19  Served  9  mos..  11  days  $84.30 

Page  6G5.  Capt.  Robert  Cochran's  Company.  A  muster  roll  of  Capt.  Robert 
Cochran's  Company  and  Major  Brown's  Detachment.  Now  in  the  service  of  the  United 
Colonies.     Dated  at  Camp  near  Quebec,  10th  day  of  Feb.,  1770. 

First  Sergeant  Isaac  Buck,  St.,  enlisted  26th  Nov.,  1775.     Died  20th  Jan.,  177G. 

Corporal  Jonathan  Buck,  enlisted  2Gth  Nov.   1775.     Died  lGth  Jan.,  1776. 

These  names  are  also  on  Revolutionary  War  Rolls,  page  832,  of  the  "Enlisted  men 
of  the  line"  under  Col.  Ethan  Allen,  Seth  Warner  and  Major  Brown,  "Green  Mountain 
Boys,"  being  a  part  of  that  historic  band,  both  at  Ticonderoga  and  Quebec,  as  rendered 
to  the  Provincial  Congress,  July  4,  1775. 

Isaac  Buck,  Sr.,  and  his  brother  Jonathan  were  stricken  with  smallpox,  in  the 
army  after  passing  through  the  disastrous  battle  of  Dec.  31,  1775,  under  Brown  and  died 
of  exposure  in  camp  before  Quebec  within  4  days  of  each  other  and  were  left  buried  in 
the  trenches  on  the  field  of  battle  beneath  the  battlements. 

Isaac  Buck,  Jr.,  bn.  May  23,  17G3,  mi  Sarah  or  Sally  Hall,  bn.  Feb.  6,  1763,  about 
1784-1785,  and  located  in  Addison,  Vt.,  in  1790,  settled  at  "Buck's  Bridge,"  Potsdam,  St. 
Lawrence  Co.,  N.  Y.,  in  1807,  and  died  there  in  Canton  in   1841,  and  is  buried  in  Buck's 

122 


Bennington  Bucks  in  1790.  A  Daughter  of  the  Revolution,  in  the  Establishment  of  the 
Original    IS   States.     Capt.  Enos  Stone.    John  Buck,   Ensign.     Win.   Buck   of   Pittsford. 

Boston  Port  Bill. 

Bridge  Cemetery.  He  was  with  Ethan  Allen  at  taking  of  Ticonderoga,  1775,  although 
a  mere  lad  (see  page  73).  His  commission  signed  by  Thomas  Chittenden,  Esquire, 
Governor  of  Vermont,  making  Isaac  Buck,  age  25.  gentleman,  an  ensign  in  the  20th 
company,  1st  Regiment  of  the  0th  Brigade,  of  the  Militia  of  the  State  of  Vermont,  Sept.. 
17SS.  He  was  very  proud  of  his  commission  as  ensign  signed  by  Gov.  Chittenden  of 
Vermont,  and  had  it  framed  and  hung  in  his  library  and  thus  preserved  it  has  come 
down   to  his  posterity. 

Daniel,  John  and  William  Buck  were  in  Capt.  John  Stark's  Co.,  and  afterward  with 
Col.  Warner  and  Gen.  John  Stark's  N.  H.  troops  at  the  battle  of  Bennington,  Vt.,   Aim. 

16.  1777,  under  the  "Roman  Stark,"  who  said,  "See  them,  there  they  are,  the  Red  Coats 
and  they  are  ours  before  night  or  Molly  Stark  is  left  a  widow,"  and  thus  infused,  Col. 
or  Count  Baum,  the  British  commander,  met  his  defeat. 

Several  of  their  descendants.  Samuel,  Benjamin,  Abel,  Lemuel,  Robert,  Ruama  and 
Francis  Bucks,  all  appear  to  have  been  permanently  settled  in  this  town  or  county  of 
Bennington.  Vt.,  with  families,  as  early  as  the  first  census  of  1790. 

J.  H.  Buck  of  Westfield,  Vt,  great  grandson  of  Sergeant  Isaac  Buck.  Rev.  soldier 
7  years,  who  removed  from  Bridgewater  to  Chesterfield,  Mass.,  also  Otis  II.  Buck,  West 
Chesterfield,  Mass. 

"Sound  the  tocsin,  beat  the  drums.     The  bugles  call,  we  see  them  come! 
Sound  the  clarion,  fill  the  fife.     To  all  the  sensual  world,  proclaim  the  strife; 
One  crowded  hour  of  glorious  fame,  Is  worth  an  age,  to  gain  a  name." 

Lineage  Book.  National  Society  of  the  Daughters  of  the  American  Revolution. 
Vol.  21,  page  204,  1897.  Louise  Pearsons  Dolliver,  Wash.,  D.  C.  Mrs.  Carrie  Parke 
Sauber,  born  in  Scribe,  New  York.  Wife  of  J.  S.  Sauber.  Descendant  of  Isaac  Buck, 
Isaac  Buck,  Jr..  and  Manasseh  Sawyer,  dan.  of  William  Jones,  and  Emily  G.  Buck,  his 
wife.  Granddaughter  of  Orrin  Buck  and  Betsy  Sawyer,  his  wife.  Great-granddaughter 
of  Isaac  Buck,  Jr.,  and  Sarah  Hall,  his  wife.  Manasseh  Sawyer  and  Beulah  Howe,  his 
wife.  Great-great-granddaughter  of  Isaac  Buck  and  Elizabeth  Waters,  his  wife.  Isaac 
Buck.  (1729-76).  served  in  Robert  Cochran's  company  and  Major  Brown's  detachment  be- 
fore Quebec,  where  he  died.  Isaac  Buck.  Jr..  (1763-1841)  was  placed  on  the  pension  roll  of 
St.  Lawrence  Co.,  N.  Y..  1832,  for  service  of  private  in  the  Connecticut  Militia. 
Manasseh  Sawyer  (1759-1842)  served  in  the  coast  rangers,  and  in  1818,  received  a 
pension.     He   was  born   in   Leominster,   Mass.     Died   in   Potsdam,    N.    Y. 

New  Eng.  Hist.  Register,  vol.  15,  general  notes,  pages  297  and  S.  In  the  establish- 
ment of  the  original  13  states.  Capt.  Enos  Stone  of  Lenox,  Berkshire  Co.,  Mass.,  and 
afterward  of  Rochester,  Monroe  Co.,  N.  Y.,  during  1777,  and  served  in  the  Northern 
Army,  at  Ticonderoga,  was  taken  prisoner  and  carried  to  Quebec. 

"Received  of  Capt.  Enos  Stone.  Twenty  Dollars,  for  to  recruit  with.  Lenox.  Jan.  11, 
1777.     John  Buck,  Ensign." 

"Received  of  Capt.  Enos  Stone  twenty-seven  dollars  as  bounty  to  pay  to  those  who 
shall  engage  during  the  war  or  three  years.     As  wit  my  hand.     Ensign  John   Buck. 
Jan.  30,  1777,  before  Bennington  and  Ticonderoga." 

Wm.   Buck  was  in  Capt.  John   Stark's  Co.   in   the  battalion   commanded  by   Samuel 
Fletcher,  1781,  at  Arlington,  134  days  service  ending  Nov.   14,  1781.       See   Index,  page 
S57,  N.  E.  Reg..  15th  vol.,  page  579,  for  Wm.  and  other  Bucks  in  the  Revolutionary  serv-' 
ice. 

Boston  besieged  by  Americans  under  Washington.  1775-6.     Evacuated  by  British  Mar. 

17,  1776. 

Boston  Port  Bit].     Subscribers.     (Port  closed  by  Act  of  Eng.  Parliament,  June  1st.  1774 1. 

To  aid  Boston  and  support  war,  June  1st,  1774.  Contributed. 

Josiah  Buck  &  Sons  List   230-15  Amt.   1-2 

Titus  Buck  "       35-10  "      3-7V2 

Isaac  Buck  "       27-10 

Samuel  Buck  "       30-15  "      2-8V2 

Jesse  Buck  "       19-10  "      1-8 

(E,  means  eatables  or  provisions.  W.  means  wheat,  for  the  army  commissary).  These 
Bucks  lived  mostly  in  Wilmington  and   Haverhill  near  Boston. 

Col.  Hinman  with  a  Conn,  regiment  ranked  Allen  and  Arnold  at  Ticonderoga  and 
Major  Brown  at  Montreal,  Sept.  25,  1775,  after  Allen  was  taken  prisoner  (the  24th)  in 
Montgomery's  Expedition  to  Canada,  by  the  British  Gen.  Robert  Prescott,  and  wras  kept 

123 


Sums. 

pd 

E. 

W. 

" 

E. 

W. 

" 

E. 

w. 

Ranking  of  Officers.     Ethan  Allen  Prisoner.     Cruel  Treatment.     Taken  to  England.     Re- 
turn.    Alter    Life.     Family.     Monument.      Weathersfield     Soldieis    in    Revolution.     Col- 
lege Graduates.     Wm.  J.  Rink's  Account  of  Buck  Family  of  Bucks  Co.,  Pa. 

in  a  dungeon  there  for  a  while  then  placed  on  shipboard  in  "the  Gaspee,"  transferred 
and  taken  to  England  in  the  "Adamant"  where  he  was  confined  in  "Pendennit  Castle" 
until  1778  when  he  was  returned  in  the  "Solebay"  to  Halifax,  thence  in  the  "Mercury"  to 
New  York.  Suffering  intense  privations  and  cruelties  in  irons  and  prison  ships  at  times 
by  cruel  masters,  he  was  finally  kept  several  months  on  parole  during  1777  on  Staten 
Island,  then  held  by  the  British,  until  exchanged  for  Lieut. -Col.  Campbell  on  the  3d  of 
May.  177S.  .then  returning  with  Gen.  Gates  via  Valley  Forge  and  Fishkill  to  his  old  home 
in  Bennington.  Vt,  being  appointed  in  the  meantime  Gov.-Gen.  of  the  State  of  Vermont. 

Before  the  end  of  the  war  Gen.  Allen  removed  to  Arlington  but  finally  settled  on 
the  Winooski  or  Onion  River  near  Burlington,  Vt.,  where  he  and  his  brothers  had  pur- 
chased large  tracts  of  land.  He  was  twice  md.  his  second  wife  md.  in  1784,  Mrs.  Fanny 
Buchanan  of  Westminster.  Vt.,  and  children  of  both  marriages  survived  him.  He  died 
of  apoplexy  at  Burlington,  Vt..  in  1789.  aged  52,  and  a  beautiful  "Monument  Tower" 
has  been  erected  there  in  Green  Mount  Cemetery  to  his  memory. 

Weathersfield  soldiers  in  the  Revolution:  Amos  Buck  in  Capt.  E.  Wright's  3d  Co., 
3d  battalion  at  West  Point.  June,  177S. 

Daniel  Buck  in  Lexington  Alarm  Co..  1775. 

David  Buck  in  Lexington  Alarm  Co.,  1775,  and  in  Hommer's  Military  Co.  on  board 
sloop  "Anne"  bound  to  New  York,  Aug..  1776. 

Jesse  Buck  in  Capt.  Chester  Wells'  Co.,  Col.  I'.elden's  reg.,  Wolcott's  brig.,  at  Peeks- 
kill,  N.  Y.,  March  to  June,  1777. 

Isaac  Buck  appointed  lieut.  and  Jonathan  Buck  appointed  ensign  2d  Co.,  Conn.  reg. 
vols.,  Jan.,  177(5,  at  Quebec  and  died  soon  after  of  smallpox.  Jonathan  on  Jan.  the  16th 
and  Isaac  on  Jan.  20th,  1776. 

Weathersfield  college  graduates:  Daniel  Buck,  bn.  Sept.  13,  1695,  oldest  son  of 
David  and  Elizabeth   (Ilurlhut)   Buck,  grad.  at  Yale  in  171S. 

David  Buck,  eldest  son  of  Gurdon  Buck,  grad.  at  Yale  in  1823. 

Edward  Buck,  a  brother,  grad.  at  Yale  in  1835. 

Albert  H.  Buck,  Francis  D.  Buck,  sons,  descendants  of  Gurdon,  grad.  at  Yale  in  1S64 
and  1S69. 

Walter  Buck,  son  of  Edward,  grad.  at  Yale  in  1870. 

Harold  W.,  son  of  Albert  H.,  grad.  at  Yale  in  1894. 

George  S.  Buck,  son  of  Roswell  R..  grad.  at  Yale  in  1896. 

Henry  R.  Buck.  Charles  H.  Buck,  brothers,  sons  of  Henry  of  Weathersfield.  grad.  at 
Yale  in  1896  and  1898. 

Winthrop  Buck,  son  of  Winthrop.  grad.  at  Yale  in  1900. 

Stewart  M.  Buck,  son  of  David   (of  Yale),  grad.  at  Williams  in  1864. 

Henry  Hall  Buck,  son  of  David,  grad.  at  Harvard  in  1875. 

Howard  M.  Buck,  son  of  David,  grad.  at  Harvard  in  1S78. 

Biology,  eugenics  or  heredity.  The  ancient  Greeks  and  Romans  were  the  best  speci- 
mens of  humanity.  The  princes  of  England  were  nearly  all  strong  and  vigorous,  while 
those  of  France  were  mostly  weak  and  dissolute  or  irresolute. 

The  life  of  today  is  not  wholly  ours,  we  must  account  for  it  to  those  who  shall  come 
after  us.  There  are  no  scientific  problems  of  greater  human  interest  than  those  of 
"Heredity,"  that  is  to  say,  the  genetic  relation  between  successive  generations  and  in 
relation  to  its  forebears  in  determining  character,  and  no  topic  in  all  biology  has  re- 
ceived so  much  attention  in  recent  times  both  from  investigators  and  intelligent  per- 
sons everywhere. 

Wm.  J.  Buck,  writing  in  1893,  giving  an  account  of  the  Buck  family  of  Bucks  Co., 
Pa.,  states  the  following  which  is  found  in  ('has.  B.  Davenport's  book,  page  243  on 
Heredity  in  Relation  to  "Eugenics"  (will  born  and  mated)  as  pub.  by  Henry  Holt  &  Co., 
N.  Y.  City,  1911.  (See  the  works  of  Darwin  and  Huxley  on  "Natural  Selection"  and 
evolution  in  "Survival  of  the  Fittest  and  most  Vigorous.")  "Bucks,"  "Quickness  and 
activity  in  movement,  fast  walkers.  One  could  seize  with  his  right  hand  the  toe  of 
his  left  boot  and  whilst  so  holding  it  and  standing  erect  jump  with  his  right  foot 
backwards  and  forwards  over  his  left  leg.  Fluency  in  conversation  and  aptness 
for  acquiring  languages."  Which  we  find  is  certainly  characteristic  of  the  families  at 
large  as  being  mostly  of  retentive  memory  and  easy  and  interesting  speech  and  we  re- 
gard it  not  only  as  a  waste  of  time  but  tiresome  for  any  one  at  the  present  day  to  walk 
or  ride  or  work  slow. 

124 


Austin  Buck.     Family. 


Helon  Buck.     Family.     Buck  Families 
of  the  U.  S.     Heads  of  Families. 


nt  Large.     First  Census 


My  uncle  Austin  liuck  and  his  sons  after  him  could  not  only  perform  the  feat  de- 
scribed above  but  he  could  "cut  the  pigeon  wing"  in  dancing  and  kick  the  highest  ceiling 
overhead,  was  a  fine  horseman  and  with  his  "silver  spurs"  could  mount  the  most  spirited 
animal  and  speed  away  to  beat  the  band,  thus  personifying  his  English  proclivities  and 
inheritance.  My  father  (Helon  Buck)  often  cited  my  notice  when  a  mere  lad  to  the 
Roman  nose,  high  broad  forehead  and  shoulders  of  his  father  (Samuel  Buck),  in  his  lasl 
days  as  a  most  distinguishing  feature  which  we  all  had  and  my  sons  have  and  which  with 
other  like  characteristics  have  existed  for  over  five  generations  or  longer  for  that  matter 
in  our  family. 

By  good,  wise  and  judicious  intermarriages  with  other  families,  not  only  in  Flanders, 
France  and  England,  but  as  well  in  this  country  under  the  New  England  standard  of 
morality,  Christianity  and  religion  we  find  a  long  line  of  ministers  and  divines  in  several 
of  the  English  families  and  many  statesmen,  authors,  writers  and  professional  men  in 
the  various  families  in  this  country  even  down  to  the  present  time  and  without  boasting 
we  know  of  no  cases  of  imbecility,  weakness  or  illiteracy  among  them,  but  as  an  in- 
dustrious, intelligent  and  worthy  people. 

There  can  be  no  doubt  that  to  be  well  born,  to  come  of  a  good  family,  is  a  wonderful 
advantage.  We  see  at  a  glance  the  superiority  of  one  person  over  another,  just  as  we 
see  more  perfect  specimens  of  their  kind  all  through  the  realm  of  animal  as  well  as 
vegetable  life.  That  these  points  of  superiority  are,  in  mankind,  mental  as  well  as 
physical,  adds  greatly  to  the  value  of  the  argument  of  heredity.  This  ascendency  is  in 
most  cases  directly  traceable  to  the  parents  or  ancestors.  To  be  born  of  good  parents 
who  are  healthy,  upright,  intelligent  and  cultured  is  a  great  blessing.  It  gives  one  a 
natural  bent  toward  honor,  gentility  and  all  the  virtues  and  refinements  of  life.  And  an 
equal  if  not  a  greater  blessing  is  to  be  reared  amid  good  surroundings,  environments  and 
influences.  What  we  see  and  hear  in  the  daily  life  around  us  in  morality,  virtue,  no- 
bility and  religion  makes  without  doubt  the  most  profound  impressions  in  the  moulding 
of  our  characters  and  after  life. 


HEADS  OF  FAMILIES. 


FIRST  CENSUS  OF  THE  U.  S.  TAKEN  IN  1790. 
STATE  OF  MAINE 


Name 
Buck 


Page  No. 
on  List 


Tow  11 


o 
O 


Abijah    12 

Asa    60 

Benjamin     32 

Daniel     32 

Ebenezer    32 

John    12 

John,  Jr 12 

Jonathan    32 

Jonathan,  Jr 32 

Moses    1" 

Nathaniel     12 

Peter     22 

Abraham  Bucks  .  .  13 

Walter  S 


Bucktown-plantation    .  .Cumberland 

Freyburgh   York    

Buck's  No.  1  Hancock   .  . . 

No.  1  Bucks   Hancock   ... 

Township  No.  1  Bucks . Hancock  ... 

Bucktown    Cumberland 

Bucktown    Cumberland 

No.  1  Bucks   Hancock  ... 

No.  1  Bucks   Hancock  .  . . 

Butterfield-plantation   .  .Cumberland 

Bucktown     Cumberland 

Plantation  No.  4   Cumberland 

Cape  Elizabeth    Cumberland 

Buckfield    Oxford    


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125 


STATE  OF  NEW  HAMPSHIRE 


Name 
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Page  No. 
on  List 


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Amasa    . 
Andrew 
Elijah 
Eliza   ... 
Mary   .  .  . 
Moses    .  . 
Peletiah 
Parley     . 
Reuben   . 
Thomas 
Thomas 


29  Bartlett    

81  Portsmouth 

12  Chesterfield 

79  Portsmouth   . 

81  Portsmouth    . 

61  Chestertown 

34  Lebanon 
32  I  lanover 
32  Hanover 

29  Bartlett    

35  Lyme    


.Grafton 

.Rockingham 

.Cheshire     .  . . 

.Rockingham 

.Rockingham 

.Rockingham 

.Grafton 

.Grafton 

.Graft  on 

.Grafton 

.Grafton 


STATE   OF  VERMONT 


Abel     20 

Benjamin     15 

Benjamin     63 

Daniel     62 

Francis     lit 

George    24 

Gould    24 

Isaac  11 

Isaac   35 

Jonathan    13 

Jonathan    CO 

Joseph     24 

Lemuel    15 

Robert     15 

Ruama    15 

Samuel    11 

Samuel    16 

George  Back   60 

Daniel  Brick 60 

Daniel  Bates 18 


Sandgate    Bennington    .  .  . 

Arlington     Bennington     .  . 

Reading    Windsor 

Norwich     Windsor   

Rcedsborough     Bennington    .  .  . 

Fairfax    Chittenden. 

now  Franklin 
Fairfax     Chittenden, 

now  Franklin 

Addison    Addison    

Williamstown     Orange    

Monkton     Addison    

Hartland    Windsor   

Fairfax     Chittenden     .  .  . 

Arlington     Bennington. 

Arlington     Bennington, 

Arlington     Bennington, 

Bridport     Addison    

Bennington     Bennington    ... 

Hartland    Windsor   

Hartland    Windsor   

Pownal      Bennington   .  .  . 


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STATE  OF  MASSACHUSETTS 


Asa    .... 

Asahel  . 
Benjamin 
Benjamin 
Daniel     . 


159  Wilmington     Middlesex 

27  Lanesborough     Berkshire 

14  Eastham     BarnstaMt- 

44  Easton    Bristol     .  .  . 

106  Chesterfield     Hampshire 


2 

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STATE   OF  MASSACHUSETTS.— (CONTINUED) 


Name 
Buck 


Page  No. 
on  List 


Town 


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David    14 

Ebenezer    27 

Ebenezer    241 

Ebenezer,  Jr 27 

Eliphet   75 

Ephraim     159 

Ephraim,   Jr 159 

Uennah     74 

Isaac     106 

Isaac  175 

Isaac     236 

John    21 

Mary   159 

Matbew    106 

Molly    159 

Nathan    159 

Reuben   159 

Samuel   32 

Samuel     159 

Samuel   239 

Simeon  152 

Thomas    44 

Thomas     133 

William    114 

Lieut.  Wm 114 


Chatham    Barnstable 

Lanesborough     Berkshire 

Upton    Worcester 

Lanesborough     Berkshire 

Haverhill   Essex    .... 

Wilmington     Middlesex 

Wilmington     Middlesex 

Haverhill   Essex    .... 

Chesterfield  Hampshire 

Pembroke    Plymouth  . 

Sterling    Worcester 

Yarmouth    Barnstable 

Wilmington     Middlesex 

Chesterfield     Hampshire 

Wilmington  Middlesex 

Wilmington  Middlesex    . 

Wilmington  Middlesex    , 

Pittsfield    Berkshire     . 

Wilmington     Middlesex 

Sutton     Worcester    . 

Reading    Middlesex    , 

Easton    Bristol 

Worthington   Hampshire 

Heath      Hampshire 

Heath    Hampshire 


1 

1 

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Good 

Nathaniel 


..     Boston  town   Suffolk 


(Illegible)    1 


STATE  OF  NEW  YORK 


Buck 

Abraham    126 

Andries     75 

Elijah    105 

Francis     124 

Israel    73 

John    26 

John    191 

John,    (Col.)    194 

John    51 

Lediel    70 

Leopold     135 

Martin    75 

Moses    51 

Zadoc    73 


New  York  City Northward     .  . . 

Beekmantown     Dutchess    

Montgomery,  now 
Chemung     Chemung    .  . . 

Montgomery 

New  York  City   Ward     

Amenia     Dutchess    : .  . .  . 

Easton    Albany    

Queensbury      Washington     .  . 

Washington,  now 
Westfield  now  Hartford.     Warren    .... 

SHllwater     Albany    

Livingston   Columbia   

New  York  City Westmoreland 

Beekmantown Dutchess    

Stillwater    Albany    

Amenia    Dutchess    


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127 


STATE  OF  NEW  YORK 


Name 
Buck 


Page  No. 
on  List 


Town 


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Charles     42 

Christian    45 

Cornelius   45 

David    44 

Johannes    44 

Johannes    45 

Lawrence 45 

Nicholas     45 

Peter  44 

Thomas    45 

William    45 

William.   Jr 45 

Henry   Bouch    102 

Battes  Buch    34 

John    Bock    27 


( Bouck     Family 
Schoharie). 

Schenectady    South  of  the 

Mohawk   .... 

Schoharie    Albany    

Schoharie    Albany    

Schoharie    Albany    

Schoharie     Albany    

Schoharie    Albany    

Schoharie    Albany    

Schoharie    Albany    

Schoharie    Albany    

Schoharie    Albany    

Schoharie    Albany    

Schoharie     Albany    

Oanajoharie     Montgomery    .. 

Rensselaerville     Albany    

Half  Moon Albany    


of     Albany     Co.,     now 


2  .  2 

1  3  1 

1  2  3 

2  2  5 
4  1  3 
4  .  5 
1  .  3 
1  1  3 

1  .  2 

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STATE  OF  CONNECTICUT 


Buck 

Aaron    144 

Aim.  r    19 

Amos     54 

Aseph    71 

Benton    71 

Daniel      19 

Daniel     53 

Daniel     144 

Daniel     152 

David    144 

David    144 

David    152 

Deboriah    34 

Eben    134 

Eliphalet    45 

Enoch      71 

Ephraim     71 

Ezekiel   71 

George    37 

Isaac     41 

Isaac     79 

Isaac   136 

Israel    71 

James    71 


Killingly    Windham 

New   Fairfield    Fairfield  .. 

Weathersfield    Hartford 

New  Milford   Litchfield   . 

New  Milford   Litchfield 

Fairfield   Fairfield   . 

Weathersfield     Hartford 

Killingly    Windham 

Windham  Windham 

Killingly    Windham 

Killingly    Windham 

Hebron      Tolland 

Berlin     >..  .Hartford   . 

Ellington    Tolland     . 

Granby   Hartford 

New  Milford   Litchfield 

New  Milford   Litchfield 

New  Milford   Litchfield 

East  Hartford    Hartford 

Farmington     Hartford 

Chatham    Middlesex 

Somers   Tolland  . . 

New  Milford   Litchfield 

New  Milford   Litchfield 


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128 


STATE  OF  CONNECTICUT.— (CONTINUED) 


Name 
Buck 


Page  No. 
on  List 


Town 


O 


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John    53 

Jonathan    144 

Josiah     19 

Josiah,    Jr 53 

Judah    143 

Ruben   144 

Samuel    53 

Samuel    79 

Samuel    144 

Samuel.  Jr 144 

Samuel  Bebee  ....   71 

Thomas    136 

(Widow)    53 

William    43 

Wm.,   Jr 135 


Chatham     Middlesex 

Wealhersfield    Hartford 

Killingly    Windham 

New    Fairfield    Fairfield  . 

Weathersfield      Hartford 

Hartford     Hartford 

Killingly     Windham 

Weathersfield    Hartford    . 

Chatham    Middlesex 

Killingly    Windham  . 

Killingly    Windham  . 

New    Milford    1  itchfield   . 

Somers   Tolland     .  . 

Hartford    Hartford     . 

Glastonbury    Hartford     . 

Hebron     Tolland     .. 


2 

2 

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5 

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4 

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STATE   OF   MARY  LA  Nil 


Benjamin Baltimore     

James    Baltimore     Co.  and  Town 

John    Baltimore     not 

John    Baltimore    separated 

Joshua    Baltimore    

Mary    Hartford     

Robert  Bucken Frederick    

John  Bucker Queen  Ann    .  .  . 

Richard  Buckers.  .    ..  Frederick     

STATE   OF  PENNSYLVANIA 


Barney    241 

Benjamin     194 

Catherine     201) 

Christian    93 

Christiana   200 

Christopher     179 

David    20 

Frederick     91 

George    79 

George 200 

George    233 

Henry   152 

Henry   188 


Phila   Porter    South  Dist.  and  South  Side 

Union    Street 

Bristol    Philadelphia  .  . 

Northern  Liberties  ...'.Philadelphia   .. 

Remainder   of    Dauphin   

Northern  Liberties  ....Philadelphia   .. 

Towamensink     Northampton 

Bedford    

Remainder  of    Dauphin     

Hopewell,  Newton,  Cumberland     .  . 

Tyburn    and   West 

Pensboro     , 

Northern  Liberties  ....Philadelphia   .. 

Biddies    Alley    Phila.   Pedlar.. 

Remainder   of    Miffin     

Towns  not  numbered  ..Northumberland 


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129 


STATE  OF  PENNSYLVANIA.— (CONTINUED) 


Name 
Buck 


Page  No. 
on    List 


Town 


•Sfe 


■Otr, 


w 

a 

o 

13   O 

2     W 

Oh 

a>  is 

*  55 

a>  J3 

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inclu 
Fami 

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— 

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Jacob     45 

John    25 

John    91 

John    101' 

Jonathan    24 

Joseph  16 

Joseph     25 

Leonard    58 

Lewis    205 

Michel     17(1 

Michel     175 

Michel,   Jr 175 

Nicholas 58 

Thomas   .  .  - 21 

(Widow)    58 

William    25 

William    93 

William    133 

William    148 

William    S 148 

William    152 

Balzer  Bock    44 

William  Bock 45 

Phillips  Beck   .    .  .133 


Not  returned  by  Town-  Bucks    

ships   

Bedford    

Remainder   of    Dauphin     

Northumberland 

Bedford    

Alleghany   Co portion  taken  from 

Washington 

Bedford    

Bucks    

.  Philadelphia     . 


Northern  Liberties 

Chestnut    Hill    Northampton 

Lynn     . Northampton 

Lynn     Northampton 

Bucks    

Bedford    

Bucks    1 

Bedford    1 

Remainder   of    Dauphin    1 

Elizabethtown    Lancaster    ....         1 

Luzerne   1 

Luzerne    1 

Remainder    of    Mifflin   1 

Windsor     Berks    1 

Windsor     Berks 1 

Earl     Lancaster    ....         1 


George,  Robert  and  Chas.  Beck  were  later  residents  of  Chicago,  111.,  in  1913. 
taxi-cab  business. 


Robert  in 


STATE  OF  VIRGINIA 
Town    (not  given)    County 

Hampshire   Co (list  of  Michel 

West  Virginia    Cresup  Gent.)        2         .  .  .  . 

Shenandoah    Co (list  of  Alex  Hite)  5  .  .13 

Shenandoah   Co ( list  of  Samuel 

Porter)    ....  8  white  souls  and  chil- 

dren. 1  dwelling  and  8  other  buildings 

Shenandoah    Co (list  of  Alex  Hite)  8         ...       11 

Shenandoah    Co ( list  of  Samuel 

Porter)     8         ldwelling  6 

Greenbriar  Co Name  taken  from  Co.  tax  list. 

Hampshire    (list  of  Michel 

West  Virginia   Cresup)     ....         G 

Frederick    Co (list  of  Isaac 

Lane)    5         .  .  .        13 

Hampshire    (list  of  Michel 

West  Virginia   Cresup    4 

130 


Anthony    26 

Charles   63 

Charles 106 

John    63 

John,  Esq 10(5 

Charles 109 

Robert    26 

Thomas    19 

William    26 


STATE  OF  NORTH  CAROLINA 


Name 
Buck 


Page  No. 
on  List 


Town 


-     a 


■■O   W) 

th   C 

O   £ 

ales 
inc 
ilie 

0) 

« 

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CD  'r;  G 
t*   "    CO 


Apollos    148 

Benjamin 148 

Caleb    149 

Charles     171 

Daniel     172 

Edward     126 

Francis     126 

Isaac,  Sr 126 

Isaac,  Jr 126 

James    148 

James,  Jr 148 

John    63 

John    148 

Stephen    11 

William    126 

William    148 


Newbern    Pitt    

Newbern    Pitt    

Newbern    Wayne    . 

Salisbury     Rowan    . 

Salisbury     Rowan    . 

Newbern    Beaufort 

Newbern    Beaufort 

Newbern     Beaufort 

Newbern    Beaufort 

Newbern    Pitt    .... 

Newbern    Pitt    .... 

Halifax     Halifax  . 

Newbern    Pitt    .... 

Edenton   Bartic   .  . 

Newbern     Beaufort 

Newbern     Pitt    .... 


STATE  OF  SOUTH   CAROLINA 
Town  and  County  Same 


Nichol  G 13 

Buck    35 

Buche.  Agnes  ....  13 
Buche,  John  ....  13 
James   


Beaufort  Dist Beaufort     

Charlestown   Dist St.  Bartholomes 

Parish 

Beaufort  Dist 

Beaufort   Dist 

Bucksville   Horry    


STATE  OF  VERMONT 


Bush 

Ebenezcr    34     Thetford     ., Orange    .. 

Joseph     40     Orwell     Rutland    . 

Moses      50     Halifax     Windham 

Samuel     15     Whiting    Addison    . 

Sarah    14     Shoreham    Addison    . 

Stephen    40     Orwell     Rutland    . 

Timothy     62     Norwich     Windsor  . 

William     44     Sudbury    Rutland    . 


STATE  OF  MASSACHUSETTS 


Aaron    129 

Aaron,  Jr 129 

Abial     143 

Amos     129 

Asahel     35 

Benjamin     36 


Westfleld    Hampshire 

Westfleld    Hampshire 

Groton    Middlesex 

Westfleld    Hampshire 

Sheffield     Berkshire 

Stoekbridge     Berkshire 


6 
10 


1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

9 

4 

2 

5 

1 

2 

6 

O 

3 

6 

6 

3 

3 

1 

2 

1 

131 


STATE   OF   MASSACHUSETTS.— (CONTINUED) 


Name 
Bush 


Page  No. 
on  List 


Town 


3 
o 
O 


CO   kfl 

1-1  a 

a 

CO 

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Benjamin   54 

Benjamin     234 

Caleb     34 

Caleb     34 

Daniel     35 

Daniel,   Jr 35 

David    32 

David,  Jr 32 

Gideon    37 

Jabez  240 

Jared     129 

Jesse     240 

John    103 

Jonathan    214 

Joseph     216 

Joseph     183 

Jotham   214 

Levi     214 

Micah    214 

Obadiah      35 

Oliver      126 

Samuel    35 

Lieut.  Silas   129 

Solomon     126 

Uriah    115 

William    18 

William    54 

Zachariah    129 

Capt.  Zachariah, 

Jr 129 

Zadoc    129 

Aaron     40 

Aaron    62 

Amaziah     124 

David    16 

Eli    39 

Elisha     79 

George    79 

Henry     129 

Joel    71 

John    144 

Jonathan    39 

Jonathan    79 

Joseph    15 

Joshua    39 


Somerset    Bristol    .  .  . 

Shrewsbury    Worcester 

Sandsfield    Berkshire 

Sandsfleld    Berkshire 

Sheffield   Berkshire 

Sheffield    Berkshire 

Pittsfleld    Berkshire 

Pittsfleld    Berkshire 

Tyringham    Berkshire 

Templeton   Worcester 

Westfield    Hampshire 

Templeton   Worcester 

Bernardstown    Hampshire 

Bolton     Worcester 

Brookfield    Worcester 

Boston    Suffolk    ... 

Boylston     Worcester 

Boylston    Worcester 

Bolton     Worcester 

Sheffield     Berkshire 

Springfield     Hampshire 

Sheffield   Berkshire 

Westfield    Hampshire 

Ware     Hampshire 

Leyden    Hampshire 

Provincetown    Barnstable 

Somerset    Bristol    .  .  . 

Westfield    Hampshire 

Westfield    Hampshire 

Westfield    Hampshire 


STATE  OF  CONNECTICUT 


Enfield    Hartford     ... 

Litchfield     Litchfield   .  .  . 

New  London New   London 

Greenwich   Fairfield 

Enfield    Hartford 

Chatham    Middlesex    . . . 

Chatham    Middlesex    . . . 

New  London   New   London 

New  Milford Litchfield   

Killingly Windham 

Enfield    Hartford    

Chatham    Middlesex    . . . 

Greenwich    Fairfield 

Enfield    Hartford    


1 

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1 

2 

2 

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2 

2 

6 

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2 

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2 

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4 

2 

5 

7 

1 

2 

4 

1 

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132 


STATE  OP  CONNECTICUT.— (CONTINUED) 


Name 
Bush 


Page  No. 
on  List 


Town 


O 


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CD 

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t-   c 

fc     O  £ 

I*    3 

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Lindie     101 

Moses    51 

Moses      79 

Rufus    40 

Samuel    16 

Slamuel     25 

Stephen    148 

William    15 


Milford     New  Haven 

Suffield    Hartford    . 

Chatham    Middlesex 

Enfield    Hartford 

Greenwich   Fairfield 

Norwalk  and  Stamford. Fairfield 

Plainfield    Windham 

Greenwich   Fairfield  . 


STATE  OF  VERMONT 


Waters 

Abel     

Amos 
Oliver   . .  . 
Samuel   . . 
Sylvanus 
Timothy   . 


26  Milton     Chittenden 

27  Waterbury     Chittenden 

16  Bennington    Bennington 

42  Pittsford    Rutland    .  .  . 

67  Windsor  Windsor  .  .  . 

61  Hartland    Windsor     .  . 


STATE  OF  MASSACHUSETTS 


Abel     

. .  .    217 

Abel     

217 

Amos     

239 

207 

239 

Benjamin 

33 

Daniel     

....184 

Ebenezer    .... 

.  .  ..184 

Ebenezer    .... 

239 

Ebenezer    .... 

239 

Elijah,  Jr.   ... 

201 

Gen.  Elijah   .  . 

201 

Esther     

96 

Israel    

217 

John    

. . . .137 

John    

.199 

John    

239 

John    

245 

Joseph     

...   95 

..  .192 

Josiah     

...192 

Judah    

.. .239 

...   70 

Mary   

.   96 

Mary   

.  .137 

Nathan   

...   80 

Carlton     Worcester 

Carlton     Worcester 

Sutton     Worcester 

Stoughton    Suffolk    .  . 

Sutton    Worcester 

Richmond    Berkshire 

Boston    Suffolk    .  . 

Boston    Suffolk    .. 

Sutton     Worcester 

Sutton     Worcester 

Hingham    Worcester 

Hingham    Worcester 

Salem    Essex    .  .  . 

Carlton   Worcester 

Carlisle     Middlesex 

Dorchester    Suffolk    .  . 

Sutton     Worcester 

Worcester    Worcester 

Sutton    Worcester 

Salem    Essex    .  .  . 

Boston     Suffolk    ... 

Boston    Suffolk    ... 

Sutton    Worcester 

Dan  vers   Essex 

Salem    Essex 

Charlestown    Middlesex 

Lynnfield     Essex    . . . . 


1 

2 

4 

1 

9 

4 

2 

1 

2 

1 

6 

1 

1 

1 

o 

4 

1 

2 

2 

1 

2 

4 

2 

5 

4 

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2 

3 

1 

1 

2 

3 

4 

2 

2 

2 

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2 

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1 

2 

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3 

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6 

•y 

5 

l 
l 

6 

2 

2 

2 

t; 

1 

3 

2 

3 

5 

5 

•) 

1 
1 

1 
3 

133 


STATE  OF  MASSACHUSETTS.— (CONTINUED) 


Name 
Waters 


Page  No. 
on  List 


Oliver    . 

Peter  . . 

Samuel 

Samuel 

Simeon 

Stephen 

Thomas 

Widow 

William 


.119 
.136 


Town 


a 

3 

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upwards     includi 
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Northfield    Hampshire 

Cambridge    Middlesex 


.226  Leominster    Worcester 

.  239  SUtton    Worcester 

.  217  Charlton    Worcester 

.  239  Sutton    Worcester 

.  236  Spencer    Worcester 

.207  Stoughton    Suffolk 

.206  Roxbury     Suffolk    ... 


1 

3 

4 

1 

1 

7 

1 

1 

3 

3 

1 

3 

1 

2 

2 

1 

4 

2 

2 

1 

STATE  OF  CONNECTICUT 


Ann     145 

Benjamin     47 

Benjamin,  Jr 47 

Bevil    55 

David    43 

Elisha    26 

Gideon      43 

Jacob    25 

Jacob     148 

Jacob,   Jr 14S 

John    26 

John    67 

John.   Sr 149 

Joseph     47 

Lydia    ...113 

Richard    96 

Robert    21 

Samuel      122 

Sarah    97 

Temperance     91 

Thomas    46 

William    47 


Lebanon     Windham 

Hartford     Hartford 

Hartford     Hartford 

Windsor  Hartford 

Glastonbury    Hartford 

Norwalk  and  Stamford.  Fairfield 

Glastonbury    Hartford 

Norwalk  and  Stamford. Fairfield 

Plainfield   Windham 

Plainfield   Windham 

Norwalk  and  Stamford. Fairfield     . 

Litchfield   Litchfield   . 

Pom  fret    Windham  . 

Hartford    Hartford    . 

New  London New  London 

Derby    New  Haven 

Norwalk  and  Stamford. Fairfield     .  . 

New  London New  London 

Guilford   New  Haven 

Branf ord    New  Haven 

Hartford    Hartford    .  . 

Hartford    Hartford 


3 

3 

3 

1 

3 

1 

1 

2 

1 

2 

2 

1 

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1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

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1 

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2 

9 

4 

4 

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2 

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1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

4 

2 

1 

2 

1 

2 

1 

2 

1 

5 

1 

1 

1 

2 

STATE  OF  VERMONT 


Stoddard 

Samuel   12 

Daniel     56 

Jacob 47 

John    42 

John    57 

Jonathan    36 

Jonathan    47 

Jonathan,  Jr 47 

Joshua    57 

Joshua,  Jr 57 


Middlebury    Addison    . 

Westminster    Windham 

Brattleboro    Windham 

Pawlet    Rutland    . 

Westminster Windham 

Benson    Rutland    . 

Brattleboro    Windham 

Brattleboro    Windham 

Westminster   Windham 

Westminster   Wrindham 


1 

1 

3 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

3 

2 

1 

1 

2 

1 

6 

2 

1 

3 

1 

1 

3 

o 

2 

3 

1 

134 


STATE   OP  VERMONT.— (CONTINUED) 


Name 
Stoddard 


Page  No. 
on  List 


Town 


a 

3 
o 
V 


CD    M 

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rt 

to 

les  o 
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Josiah     54 

Phineas    60 

Samuel    40 

Simeon   66 

Stodder,  James    .  .  15 

Stodder,   Reuben.  .  20 

Stodder,  Stephen.  .  18 


Rockingham    Windham  .  . 

Hartford    Windsor     .  . 

Middletown  Rutland    .  . . 

Windsor   Windsor   .  .  . 

Arlington     Bennington 

Rupert    Bennington 

Manchester    Bennington 


STATE  OP  NEW  YORK 


Burr    194 

Elijah    188 

Moses    49 

Orange    106 

Stephen    67 

Stodder,     Ashbel .  .   66 
Stodder,  Seth 65 


Westfleld    Washington 

Granville    Washington 

Stephentown     Albany    

Chemung   Montgomery 

Kinderhook    Columbia   .  . . 

Hudson     Columbia   .  .  . 

Hillsdale    Columbia   . . . 


1 

l 

3 

2 

i 

1 

1 

i 

2 

5 

i 

Q 

2 

5 

l 

1 

2 

l 

:: 

2 

STATE  OP  CONNECTICUT 


Elisha 

Elisha     

Elisha     

120 

56 

79 

New  London   New  London  .  . 

Bethlehem   Litchfield   

1 
1 
3 

2 
1 

O 

1 

4 

STATE  OP  MASSACHUSETTS 

Elijah    

Elijah   

1 

2 

3 

2 

3 

• 

STATE  OP  MASSACHUSETTS 


Vial 

Allen   

Benjamin   .  .  . 
Constant     .  .  . 

John    

Nathaniel  .  .  . 
Nathaniel,  2d 

Ruth     

Thomas    .... 


54  Rehoboth   Bristol 

52  Rehoboth   Bristol 

51  Rehoboth   Bristol 

52  Rehoboth   Bristol 

52  Rehoboth   Bristol 

52  Rehoboth    Bristol 

52  Rehoboth   Bristol 

52  Rehoboth   Bristol 


135 


STATE  OF  RHODE  ISLAND 


Name 
Vial 


Page  No. 
on  List 


Town 


u 


«J  60 

CO 

r-l    a 

a 

les  of 

ncludi 

lies 

i. 
- 

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2  m 

o 

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0? 

te  Ma 
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Fami 

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0)  £5 

h 

e  Whi 
upwa 
is  of 

J3 

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e  W 
udin 
lilie 

y     <a 

<u 

-r 

Fre 
incl 
Fan 

t-. 

- 

fe  o  ft 

fe 

S 

<i 

Viol 

John    32  Johnston    Providence 

John    35  Providence    Providence 

John    36  Providence    Providence 

Josiah     10  Barrington    Bristol    .  .  . 

Nathaniel 22  Newport  Newport  .  . 

Samuel   19  Newport  Newport   .  . 

Sylvester    10  Barrington    Bristol    ... 


STATE  OF  VERMONT 

Vial 
Samuel  &  Nathan. 

2 

4 

5 

STATE  OF  NEW  YORK 

Vial 
Philip    

56    Wellsburgh    Clinton  

4 

1 

2 

STATE   OF   MARYLAND 

Vile 

85     (overseer   for   D.   Cran- 

1 

2 

1 

(Note.     No  Vials  in  any  other  state  in  census  of  1790). 

Amos  Buck  of  Salem,  Wash.  Co.,  N.  Y.,  private  in  Rev.  service,  enlisted  men  of  the 
line,  in  Col.  John  Blair  and  Col.  Van  Vorst  16  Reg.  Albany  Co.  Militia,  1775-84,  mil. 
Catherine  I^ahee  and  had  family  of  11  children,  viz.:  Solomon,  Harry  or  Henry,  Katie, 
Polly,  Sarah,  Theodorus,  Freeman.  Caroline.  Elijah.  William  and  Dumas. 

Edward  G.  Buck,  son  of  Jehiel,  hotel  and  liveryman,  Fort  Edward,  N.  Y.,  1853,  md. 
1st  wife  Sarah  Jane  Wells,  2nd,  Eliza  Dewey  and  have  son  Edward  J.,  who  lives  in  East 
Greenwich,  N.  Y.,  with  Aunt  Katherine. 

James  P.  Buck,  1815-1897,  son  of  Justus,  who  lived  in  Sandy  Hill,  N.  Y.,  had  3  dans., 
one  md.  Isaiah  Miller  of  Schenectady,  N.  Y.,  and  another  S.  H.  Parks  of  Wall  St.,  Hud- 
son Falls  (formerly  Bakers  Falls),  N.  Y.,  and  the  other  William  D.  Sherman  (now 
deceased).     Son  Arthur  O. 

There  were  60  families  of  Bushes  in  New  York  State  in  1790. 

Of  Conn.  Bucks:  John,  Abijah,  Eben  and  Amasa.  John  Buck  md.  in  1780,  Betty 
Kent  (whose  parents  emigrated  from  Kent  Co.,  England,  about  1750),  of  Somers,  Tol- 
land Co.,  Conn.  He  died  (killed  in  a  barn  raising  in  1S12)  at  50  years.  She  died  in 
1861  at  98.  His  son  James  T.  Buck.  1m.  1805,  md.  Caroline  Stillson  of  Chautaqua  Co., 
N.  Y.,  in  182S  and  had  13  children,  10  of  whom  grew  to  man  and  womanhood.  Giles  P. 
Buck,  2nd  child  and  son,  bn.  July  16,  1831  (a  printer),  md.  Lydia  A.  Hall  of  Westfield, 
N.  Y.,  Dec.  16,  1856,  and  had  8  children,  3  sons  and  5  daus.:   Lydia  W.  md.  Rev.  A,  C. 


136 


Relative  to  First  Census  of  U.  S.   Taken  in   1790.    PUgrim    Fathers.     Puritans. 

Covey  of  Milan.  Dutchess  Co.,  N.  Y.;  Emma  A.  md.  David  D.  Eaton  of  Port  Jarvis,  N.  Y., 
Gen.  Sec.  Y.  M.  C.  A.  there  and  a  son.  printer  in  Erie,  Pa. 

Thomas  Buck  of  Hebron,  Tolland  Co.,  Conn.,  had  sons:  Samuel,  bn.  May  21,  1750; 
John  bn.  Apl.  13,  1752;  Daniel  bn.  Nov.  9,  1753.  Thomas  Jr.,  and  wife  Jane,  1756,  Enoch 
bn.  Mar.  15,  1759.  and  David  bn.  May  3,  1761.  David  Buck,  M.  D.,  son  of  David  Seelye 
and  Susan  (Marsh)  Buck,  md.  Susan,  granddaughter  of  Solomon  Hill,  Rev.  soldier. 
David  Seelye  Buck,  bn.  Nov.,  1783,  d.  in  Bath,  Steuben  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Apl.  25,  1842,  aged  58 
years  and  6  mos. 

Of  Chicago  Bucks:  Miss  Hellen,  dau.  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Frank  R.  Buck,  280::  Wash. 
Boulevard  (Oak  Park),  Chicago,  111.,  a  noted  contralto  singer.  "Abide  with  Me,"  one 
of  her  selections. 

Worthington,  Hampshire  Co.,  Mass.  Town  records  of  Bucks  from  H.  S.  Cole,  town 
clerk,  1898:  Thomas  Buck  of  Worthington,  son  of  Thomas,  of  Scituate,  Mass.,  who  died 
about  180S,  at  85  years  of  age,  came  from  Bridgewater  near  Boston,  md.  Silence  Brett 
and  had  children.  0  sons  and  3  daus.,  viz.:Cyrus,  bn.  June  29,  1775;  Alvin,  Sept.  5,  1778; 
Thomas.  Feb.  10,  17S0;  Martin,  July  9,  17S2;  Metilda,  June  15,  1785;  Miriam,  Feb.  1, 
1788;  Amity,  June  21,  179(1;  Roswell,  Oct.  6,  1792;  and  Relief,  Feb.  5,  1790.  The  oldest 
son  Cyrus,  md.  Silence  Howard  in  Mar.,  1797,  and  had  9  sons  and  5  daus.,  the  4th  child 
being  Melzar  Buck  of  La  Porte,  Ind.,  who  died  in  1887,  at  about  84  years.  Rev.  William 
S.  Buck.  Prob.  of  Holley,  Oakland  Co.  near  Detroit,  Mich.,  being  a  son.  Thomas  Buck 
had  brothers:  Daniel,  Isaac  and  Joshua,  and  sisters:  Hannah  who  md.  Mathew  Burton 
and  Mrs.  Judge  Harrington  of  Vermont.  Thomas  was  at  Worthington,  Hampshire  Co., 
Mass.,  with  wife,  5  sons  and  3  daus.  in  census  of  1790.  John,  Samuel  and  Moses,  sons 
of  John  at  Worthington,  Mass.,  and  Grace,  1771,  and  Elizabeth,  dau.  of  John  and  Eliza- 
beth Buck,  bn.  Mar.  21.  1774.  Thomas  Buck  of  Worthington,  Mass.,  removed  with  his 
family  to  Wyoming  Co.,  N.  Y.,  in  1821,  and  became  a  prominent  man  there.  Melzar  1!. 
Buck,  sergeant  (enlisted  Apl.  1.  1813)  in  Capt.  ('has.  Follet's  Co.,  May  30,  1831,  11th 
Reg.  30th  Inft.  U.  S.  A.  and  Elias  Buck,  blacksmith,  under  Alex  Parris,  supt.  of  U.  S. 
artificers,  May  and  June,  1814,  discharged  June  1st,  were  in  war  of  1812-14,  at  Platts- 
burgh,  N.  Y.,  (from  abstract  of  payrolls).  Daniel  Buck's  sons:  Dayton  and  Bailey  and 
dau.  Mary  a  philanthropist,  of  North  Capitol  Ave.   Lansing,  Mich. 

Vermont  Volunteer  Militia  in  May  and  for  Plattsburgh,  Sept.  6,  1814.  On  call  of 
Gov.  Thomas  Chittenden,  under  Maj.  Gen.  Samuel  Strong  of  Vergennes,  in  Capt.  William 
Pickett's  Co.,  of  Addison,  Vt.,  viz.:  of  Willmarths — Ira,  Lieutenant;  Amos,  Sergeant; 
George,  Corporal;  and  Abel  and  Asa,  privates.  All  brothers  and  sons  of  Asa,  Sr.,  of 
East  Addison,  and  with  Capt.  Othanil  Jewett's  Co.,  of  Burlington,  at  Fort  Cassin  in  May 
8  and  9,  when  attacked,  for  protection  of  shipping  and  at  Plattsburgh,  N.  Y..  battle, 
Sept.  11  and  12,  1814.  Vermont  Volunteers  were  returned  on  the  12th  after  battle  and 
on  the  13th  the  N.  Y.  State  Militia  were  disbanded  by  Gen.  McComb.  Discharge  was 
verbal,  and  rolls  were  lost  amid  orders  countermanding  the  march  of  thousands  who 
were  flocking  to  the  frontier  in  the  call  for  2,500  from  Vermont,  600  of  which  'had 
arrived  and  under  Gen.  Strong  did  good  service.  (George  Willmarth,  F-kcj.,  justice). 
Also  David  Willmarth  of  Eaton,  N.  Y.,  private  in  Capt.  Lynd's  Co.  29  Inft.,  discharged 
July  8,  1814,  and  Henry  Willmarth  of  Hartford,  private  in  artillery  under  command  of 
Capt.  S.  Brooke,  June  3D,  1  s  1 4,  in  abstracts  of  payrolls.  Burlington,  Vt..  records. 
Capt.  Brookes'  corps  of  veteran  artillery  was  engaged  at  Fort  Brown  during  Battle  of 
Plattsburgh  in  covering  the  passage  of  the  upper  bridge.  On  landing  at  Salmon 
River,  south  of  Plattsburgh,  the  Vermont  volunteers  soon  fell  in  and  united  witli  the 
N.  Y.  militia,  but  later  encountered  a.  detachment  of  the  British  who  had  crossed  the 
ford  2  miles  above  the  upper  bridge  of  the  village,  however,  with  the  help  of  the 
artillery  and  a  field  piece,  with  Gen.  Wright's  brigade,  they  were  soon  repulsed,  and  in 
being  separated,  and  hearing  of  naval  defeat,  3  Lieuts.  and  27  men  of  the  British  were 
taken  and  the  captain  and  the  rest  of  the  00  killed  in  their  hasty  retreat  in  recrossing 
the  Saranac  river  to  regain  the  north  side  to  flee  for  Canada.  (Palmer's  Hist,  of  Lake 
Champlain.  pages  205-6). 

We  owe  it  to  the  Pilgrim  Fathers  and  the  Mayflower  Compact  that  in  the  early 
history  of  this  Republic  the  sturdy  conscientious  English  Puritans  settled  in  New  Eng- 
land and  it  is  to  their  sound  principles  of  morality,  justice  and  right  and  their  deep  and 
abiding  religious  influence  promoting  respect  for  law  and  order  throughout  the  land  as 
well  as  their  tenacious  struggle  for  individual  liberty  and  through  their  schools,  their 
church  and  their  ballot,  for  they  voted  and  fought  as  they  prayed,  that  we  owe  more  than 
to  all  other  influences  combined  the  best  features  of  the  constitutional  government  under 
which  this  nation  has  developed  to  its  present  prosperous  condition. 

137 


A*.  /:.  Institutions.     Bucks  of  Mass.  ami  Conn.     Anglo-Norman  Period  of  England.     Nor- 
man French.     Anglo-Saxon.     Latin.  Greek  and  Classical  Languages. 

These  were  the  pioneer  families,  industries,  churches,  schools  and  kindred  insti- 
tutions of  New  England  springing  up  spontaneously  with  the  march  of  civilization  and 
spread  of  enlightenment  through  the  primeval  solitudes  subjugating  and  redeeming  the 
howling  wilderness  of  barbaric  savages  and  contending  armies  and  standing  as  sentinels 
and  bulwarks  with  their  towering  church  spires  pointing  heavenward,  as  beacon  lights 
and  monitors  in  the  struggle  to  gain  their  independence.  And  finally  achieving  and 
dotting  all  over  its  green  valleys  and  verdant  hillsides  its  lovely  villages  and  populous 
cities  those  historical  landmarks  of  a  period  of  enlightened  mental  and  religious 
Christian  advancement  unparalleled  in  the  history  of  the  world. 

Among  the  great  mass  of  the  descendants  of  these  early  family  settlers  of  New 
England,  were  the  kindred  families  of  the  Bucks  of  Woburn  and  Hingham,  Mass.,  and 
Weathersfield  and  New  Milford,  Ct.,  mostly  Independents  or  Congregationalists  in  the 
church  of  freedom  and  unity  combined  and  of  broad  and  unbiased  and  tolerant  and 
progressive  ideas.  Rocked  and  nurtured  in  the  cradle  of  liberty  they  have  always  been 
in  touch  with  our  country  and  consistent  with  the  institutions  of  our  land  who  finally 
became  scattered  all  over  the  East  and  the  great  West,  but  maintaining  substantially 
the  same  views  of  morality,  church  order  and  religious  faith  and  piety  for  which  their 
venerated  ancestry  sacrificed  home  and  country  and  life  to  maintain  and  perpetuate. 

During  the  Anglo-Norman  period  of  England,  at  court  and  in  the  castles  of  kings 
and  princes  and  the  great  nobles  where  the  pomp  and  state  of  court  was  emulated,  the 
Norman-French  was  the  only  language  used.  In  courts  of  law  tht  pleadings  and  judg- 
ments were  delivered  in  the  same  tongue.  In  short,  French  was  the  language  of  honor, 
of  chivalry  and  even  of  justice,  while  the  far  more  manly  and  expressive  Anglo-Saxon 
was  abandoned  to  the  use  of  the  lower  classes,  rustics  and  yeomanry  who  knew  no 
other.  Still,  however,  the  necessary  intercourse  between  the  two  elements,  the  lords 
of  the  soil  and  the  subjugated  peasantry  by  whom  that  soil  was  cultivated,  occasioned 
the  gradual  formation  of  a  dialect  amalgamated  from  the  French  and  the  Anglo-Saxon 
in  which  they  could  render  themselves  mutually  intelligible  to  each  other  and  from 
this  necessity  arose  by  degrees  the  structure  of  our  present  English  language  in  which 
the  speech  of  the  Norman  victors  and  the  vanquished  Saxons  have  been  so  happily 
blended  together,  and  which  has  since  been  so  richly  improved,  by  importations  from 
the  Latin  and  Greek  and  classical  languages  and  from  those  spoken  by  the  southern 
nations  of  Europe  in  the  spread  of  the  English  language,  which  has  thus  become  the 
richest,  most  veritable,  virile,  copious  and  powerful  of  all  the  languages  now  to  be  found 
among  mankind.  The  men  who  conceived  and  made  this  nation  were  Englishmen  and 
consequently  they  spoke  the  only  language  they  knew  anything  about,  the  language  of 
their  ancestors,  the  English  language,  when  they  came  to  America  and  became  a 
separate  people. 

The  original  Anglo-Saxon  was  a  polyglot  mixture  and  for  a  long  period  old  time 
pedants  of  England  depended  largely  on  Latin  and  French,  but  as  the  generations 
passed  English  became  improved  and  polished.  Grammarians,  lexicographers  and  others 
did  much  for  it  in  various  ways.  The  old  English  of  Shakespear's  time  was  a  crude 
language  in  comparison  with  English  as  it  is  now  used,  but  this  fact  does  not  make 
the  language  less  English.  We  may  add  as  many  words  to  the  old  tongue  as  we  wish 
but  the  lingual  structure  remains  and  whether  we  realize  it  or  not  it  is  well  that  the 
millions  of  intelligent  people  inhabiting  British  possessions  and  the  United  States 
speak  and  write  one  language.  By  this  means  racial  and  national  dividing  lines  in 
various  matters  disappear.  The  same  progressive  civilization  is  extended  over  vast 
areas.  Thinkers  in  different  countries,  when  united  by  a  common  language,  have  a 
wider  range  as  teachers  and  leaders.  The  population  of  the  United  States  is  com- 
posed of  people  from  many  nations.  Numerous  racial  and  linguistic  differences  are  here 
assimilated.  New  blood  is  being  constantly  infused  into  a  new  and  powerful  nation, 
and  while  the  language  we  use  here  is  an  adopted  one  yet  it  is  ours.  English  in  a  sense 
has  outgrown  its  old  environment  and  is  expanding  as  a  world  language.  It  is  being 
taught  in  the  schools  of  the  world,  and  some  day  in  the  future  it  will  probably  be  the 
language  of  a  great  republican  confederation  composed  of  different  countries,  all  in- 
fluenced by  similar  ideals  of  civilization  and  enlightenment.  The  great  Dr.  Dollinger. 
Ger.  theolog.,  1799-1890.  said  of  this  language  that,  "to  it  is  assigned  in  the  coming  age 
the  intellectual  supremacy  that  in  ancient  times  belonged  to  the  Greeks  and  afterward 

138 


Old  English.  A  World  Language.  From  Greeks  and  Romans.  Extent.  General  History 
of    World.     Trojan     War.     Cause.     Result.     Achean    Kings.     Latin    and    Trojan    Powei 

United.     Antenor  Founds  Peduka. 

to  the  Romans,"  and  it  is  now  spoken  and  understood  to  some  extent  in  nearly  all  the 
colonies,  capitals  and  civilized  and  enlightened  nations  of  the  world  to  which  ii  has 
spread.  In  1700,  English  was  the  language  of  9.000,000  people  and  England  and  Am. Mica. 
about  the  only  English  speaking  people.  Today  it  is  the  language  of  175,000,000,  and 
by  the  end  of  the  century,  it  will  be  the  language  of  S00, 000,000,  American  and 
European  people  alone.  How  a  language  grows!  A  language  like  the  human  beings 
who  speak  it,  grows  from  year  to  year.  New  inventions,  new  discoveries  and  new  ideas 
demand  new  words  to  correspond  and  fit  them.  The  English  language  produces  nearly 
5,000  words  every  year.  In  the  year  1615  a  complete  English  dictionary  was  published. 
It  contained  5, (US  words  and  would  not  be  reckoned  very  complete  today.  Johnson's 
dictionary  was  published  in  1755  and  contained  50,000  words.  The  first  edition  of 
Webster's  dictionary  was  issued  in  1830  and  contained  50,000  words,  but  in  L894  tin; 
Standard  dictionary  had  grown  to  318,000  words.  The  next  edition  it  is  said  will  con- 
tain 450,000  words.  The  Merriarn-Webster's  New  International  dictionary,  has  now  a 
vocabulary  of  over  400,0011  words  and  the  New  Standard  dictionary  defines  450,000  terms 
or  words  of  the  English   language. 

General  History  of  the  World,  by  Victor  M.  Durury,  Paris.  1S4S.  Translated  from 
the  French,  12  vols..  3rd  and  4th  Grecian,  Roman.  French. 

The  Trojan  War.  which  for  the  first  time  brought  Creece  into  immediate  conflict 
with  Asia,  is  if  considered  in  its  general  features  an  historical  fact.  Troy  was  the 
capital  of  a  powerful  kingdom  in  the  northwest  of  Asia  Minor  and  the  last  relic  of 
Pelasgic  or  Hellenic  power.  The  Iliad  and  the  Odessey  relate  with  incomparable  charm 
these  old  legends  in  which  the  popular  imagination  delights  to  dwell  and  yet  the  story 
of  the  downfall  is  sad  to  relate.  The  hostility  of  race  was  increased  by  a  deadly  injury. 
Paris,  one  of  the  sons  of  King  Priam,  was  smitten  by  the  beauty  of  Helen,  wile  of 
Menelaus,  King  of  Sparta,  who  had  shown  him  hospitality.  He  carried  her  off  and  thus 
enraged  all  Greece  which  took  the  part  of  the  outraged  husband.  An  immense  fleet  led 
by  his  brother  Agamemnon,  King  of  Mycenae,  landed  a  numerous  army  on  the  shores 
of  the  Troad.  No  decisive  engagement,  turned  mostly  into  a  blockade,  took  place  for 
10  years.  Troy  defended  by  Hector  the  son  of  Priam  seemed  likely  to  maintain  a 
prolonged  resistance  even  after  her  chieftain  had  fallen  under  the  blows  of  Achilles. 
The  Greeks,  then  called  the  Achaeans,  employed  stratagem.  Pretending  to  withdraw. 
they  left  behind  as  an  offering  to  the  Gods  a  mammoth  wooden  horse  which  the  Trojans 
carried  inside  their  walls.  The  bravest  of  the  Greeks  were  hidden  in  its  flanks  and 
coming  out  opened  the  gates  and  laid  Ilium  waste.  Thus  Troy  fell.  "Fuit  Ilium'' 
(Troy  once  stood,  Troy  is  no  more).  Hecuba,  wife  of  Priam,  and  her  daughters  were 
carried  off  into  captivity  and  slavery.  Aeneas  fled  from  the  city  amid  the  uproar  and 
commotion,  leading  his  little  son  and  carrying  his  aged  father,  his  wife  being  separated 
and  lost  in  the  confusion.  Priam  was  slain  at  the  foot  of  the  Altar.  Cassandria  fell 
a  prize  to  Agamemnon  and  afterward  bore  him  twin  sons,  Idas  and  Lynceus.  Helen  was 
recovered  by  Menelaus  after  having  married  Deiphobus  the  brother  of  Paris  upon  his 
death,  whom  she  betrayed  into  his  hands  as  a  penitent  reconciliation.  Those  of  the 
Achean  princes  who  had  not  already  fallen  like  Ajax,  Achilles  and  Patroclus,  set  out 
for  their  own  country.  Some  of  these  perished  on  the  way.  Some,  like  Ulysses,  were 
long  held  back  by  contrary  winds,  who  finally  reached  his  home  in  safety,  to  the  relief 
of  his  faithful  wife  Penelope.  Still  others  like  Agamemnon  found  their  throne  and 
marriage  bed  occupied  by  usurpers,  whose  victims  they  became.  Many  others  like 
Diomedes  and  Idomeneus,  although  having  taken  no  part,  were  forced  to  seek  a  new 
home  in  distant  regions.  On  account  of  the  troublous  times  many  families  emigrated 
in  the  SO  years  following  the  capture  of  Troy,  for  domestic  troubles  unthroned  the 
ancient  royal  family  and  caused  the  power  to  fall  into  new  hands.  Aeneas  and  his 
little  son  Assurius  wandered  to  Latium,  formed  an  alliance  with  I.atinus  and  married 
his  daughter  assuming  the  sovereignty,  and  thus  were  in  Trojan  and  Latin  powers 
united  in  one  nation.  Antenor  drifted  to  Italy  and  founded  a  city.  Peduka.  Roman 
colonies  of  the  sicumbrian  cohort  were  planted  in  Franconia  and  established  in 
Austrasia,  "reliquiae  Trojanorum"  (relics  of  the  Trojan  race)  240  B.  C,  afterwards 
called  Burgundians  and  Franks  and  Pharamond  had  become  their  first  ruler,  this  was 
about  263.     They  are  first  mentioned  by  writers  in   241   when  Aurelian.  the  legionary 

139 


The  Fnniks.  Pharamond.  Franconia  and  Bv.rgv.ndia.  Geneva  and  Vienna.  Frankish 
Chiefs   urn!   Kings.     Reign    of   Vagooert.     Liderick    he   Buck.     Royal   Blood.     Marriage. 

Government  of  Flanders. 

tribune,  encountered  them.  Probus  transported  a  colony  to  the  Baltic  sea  in  277  where 
were  Hellenic,  or  Mysean,  settlements  that  had  been  the  allies  of  Troy. 

In  13  B.  C,  Germanicus,  Caesar's  general,  leads  the  Romans  into  Germany  and  in 
the  third  century  before  Christ  the  Germanic  tribes  had  formed  on  the  right  bank 
of  the  Rhine  two  confederations:  on  the  south,  that  of  the  Suevic  tribes,  who  called 
themselves  the  Alemanni,  or  the  Men;  on  the  north,  that  of  the  Salic,  the  Sicumbria, 
the  Bructeri,  the  Cherusi  and  the  Catti  who  took  the  name  of  Franks,  or  the  Braves. 
The  Nervii.  a  pastoral  people  had  settled  in  Belgium.  A  little  later  others  crossed  the 
Rhine,  devastated  Belgium  and  established  themselves  on  the  banks  of  the  Meuse,  which 
they  had  ravaged,  and  founded  a  kingdom  in  413  A.  D.  Several  of  the  Frankish  chiefs 
rose  to  high  positions  in  the  empire  in  trying  to  arrest  the  invasion  of  other  tribes  of 
406  A.  D.,  Vandals,  Alani.  and  Suevi.  In  this,  they  wished  to  obtain  their  share  of  the 
provinces  which  the  Roman  emperor  himself  was  abandoning  and  their  tribes  advanced 
into  the  interior  of  the  country,  each  one  under  his  own  chieftain,  feudal  lord  or  king. 
At  that  time  ihere  were  Frankish  kings  at  several  places.  Of  these  kings,  Clodian. 
chief  of  the  Salian  Franks,  the  reputed  successor  of  Pharamond  in  lis  of  the  country 
of  Tongres  or  Limburg  in  Franconia,  has  been  well  authenticated  and  other  barbarian 
dominations  established  were  those  of  the  Burgundians  and  the  Suevi. 

The  Burgundian  kingdom,  established  in  113  A.  I)..  in  the  valleys  of  the  Saone  and 
Rhone  with  Geneva  and  Vienna  as  capitals,  had  8  kings  of  little  distinction.  Clovis 
rendered  it  tributary  in  500  A.  I>.  and  his  sons  conquered  it  in  534.  So  we  have  the 
first  appearance  of  the  Franks  about  211  A.  D.,  and  Pharamond  first  ruler  of  the  Franks 
in  263  succeeded  by  Clodian  in  44s  in  Franconia,  and  Merovig,  "King  of  the  first  race," 
of  the  "Merovingian  Dynasty"  who  resisted  the  Huns  in  451  A.  D.,  and  Childerick,  son 
ot  Merovig.  in  459  and  in  favor  and  subject  tn  t he  Romans  (whose  tomb  was  discovered 
at  Tourney  in  1633),  succeeded  by  Clovis  and  his  Christian  wife  Clothilde,  daughter  of 
a  Burgundian  king,  herself  an  orthodox  Christian,  she  soon  converted  them  all  with 
the  happiest    results  and  be  became  the  real  founder  of  the  Monarchy  in  4S1   A.  D. 

Clovis,  founder  of  Fiance.  496  A.  I).,  gained  the  country  north  of  the  river  Loire  ami 
called  it  Franconia.  Free-men  or  France.  He  made  his  capital  on  a  little  island  in  the 
Seine,  where  there  had  already  been  ;i  settlement,  that  is  now  the  heart  of  Paris,  on 
which  now  stands  the  Cathedral  of  Notre  Dame.  Paris  the  beautiful  city  on  the  Seine 
will  ever  remain  the  capital  of  France.  Then  came  the  troublous  time  of  Cotharie  1st, 
son  of  Clovis,  and  Clotharie  2nd,  sole  King  of  the  Franks,  of  which  bloody  strifes  were 
going  on.  Clotharie  2nd,  died  in  028  and  was  succeeded  by  his  son  Dagobert  1st,  as 
King  of  Austrasia. 

The  reign  of  Dagobert  was  the  most  brilliant  of  the  Merovingian  line  and  gave  to 
the  Franks  preponderance  in  western  Europe.  His  successors  were  to  erect  the  real 
Frankish  Empire  in  which  all  the  Germanic  invasion  is  summed  up.  In  the  west  along 
the  Rhine  extended  the  confederation  of  the  Franks  formed  as  early  as  the  middle  of  the 
third  century.  In  621  he  divided  his  kingdom  into  several  provinces  and  for  repelling 
the  attacks  of  the  Goths  and  for  having  killed  the  tyrant  Phynart  according  to  old 
chronologies  (Grotius'  "Annales  et  Historia  de  Rebus  Belgicis,"  Amstd.,  1557),  he 
gave  to  Liderick,  only  son  of  Saluret,  Prince  of  Dijon,  a  man  of  innumerable  virtues, 
and  of  Madame  Eringarde,  dau.  of  Gerarde,  Lord  of  Rouisillion,  who,  says  Lambert, 
Canon  of  St.  Omer:  "Videns  Flanderian  vacuam  et  incultum  ac  memorosum  occupavit 
earn"  (Seeing  Flanders  empty  and  untitled  and  covered  with  groves  he  seized  it)  and 
bestowed  upon  him  the  government  and  fief  of  Flanders  and  was  given  his  daughter 
Richalda,  the  -Merovingian  Princess,  sister  of  Dagobert,  in  marriage. 

Liderick's  mother  was  Madame  Eringarde,  the  dau.  of  Signour  de  Rusillon,  herself 
a  princess  of  royal  blood  of  Bertram,  Count  of  Rousillon.  and  one  of  whose  descendants 
In  rami-  tlie  wife  of  Chas.  Mattel,  Emperor  of  France,  son  of  Pepin  Heristal,  first  mayor, 
and  then  Duke  of  Austrasia,  a  valiant  man  who  utterly  defeated  300,000  Saracens  at 
Tours,  732  A.  D.,  and  drove  them  from  the  country,  of  which  there  is  a  fine  romance 
as  serving  and  saving  Christianity  and  the  German  supremacy  at  the  same  time  and 
now  considered  one  of  the  decisive  battles  of  the  world's  history. 

Liderick  le  Buc  governed  Flanders  wisely  to  his  death  in  640.  His  castle  ITsle  or 
Lille,  was  afterward  capital  of  Flanders.  In  this  castle  Liderick's  descendants  and  suc- 
cessors as  rangers,  foresters  and  counts  of  Flanders,  resided  for  several  centuries,  ac- 
cording to  Angilbert.     Tradition  represents  him  as  a  valiant  prince  "Decori  decus  addit 

140 


Castle  L'Isle  or  Lille.  Charlemagne.  Baldwin  9th  Count  of  Flanders.  Des.  of  Charle- 
magne. Baldwin  1st  Bras  Be  Fur.  Reign  of  founts  Baldwin.  Successors.  Fust  In- 
surance  Co.   at   Bruges.     Count    Philip.     M    Flanders.      The    Counts    of    Flanders.     Model 

Knighthood. 
avito."  (He  adds  honor  to  ancestral  honors).  Saint  Angilbert  was  secretary  and  friend 
of  Charlemagne,  whose  dau.  Bertha  he  married  in  800  A.  I).  He  also  assisted  at  his  coro- 
nation in  Rome  by  Pope  Leo  3d  which  united  church  and  state,  and  although  intolerant 
at  first,  finally  led  to  vital  contests  between  popes  and  emperors  for  the  sovereignty  of 
Europe. 

Abbot  called  him  the  Homer  of  his  age.     He  died  in  814. 

Einhard  or  Eginhard  was  his  French  secretary  and  biographer,  771-844,  and  wrote 
"Annales  Pranconium"  from  741  to  829.  He  married  Emma,  second  dau.  of  Charlemagne. 
Albon  or  Abbot  of  Pleuiy.  was  a  French  monk  and  savant,  945-1004.  Pepin  the  short 
was  son  of  Chas.  Martel  and  successor  of  Childerick,  Charlemagne  or  Charles  the  Great, 
King  of  the  Franks,  768  A.  D.,  son  of  Pepin,  whom  he  succeeded.  Charlemagne  was  bn. 
in  742  A.  D.  In  early  life  he  md.  a  princess,  Hildegarda,  of  the  Franks,  then  a  dau.  of 
Desiderius.  the  Lombard  King,  and  during  his  reign  he  espoused  5  wives  from  as  many 
rulers  to  strengthen  their  allegiance  and  consolidate  the  imperial  power,  all  of  whom 
he  put  away  or  divorced  apparently  viewing  the  marriage  tie  with  contempt.  He  died  and 
was  buried  at  Aix-la-Chapelle  Jan.  28,  814. 

Baldwin,  9th  count  of  Flanders,  a  descendant  of  Charlemagne,  was  the  founder  of  the 
Latin  Empire  bestowed  on  him  in  the  crusade  of  1204. 

Liderick  le  Buc  2d  died  in  836.  His  son,  Ingleron  had  a  son,  Audacier,  or  Baldwin 
1st.  "Bras  de  Fur"  (of  the  Iron  Arm)  who  md.  Judith,  dau.  of  Chas.  the  Bald,  King  of 
France  and  Emperor  of  the  Romans  and  widow  of  Ethelwauf,  King  of  England  in  864. 
He  died  in  879.  In  862  the  King  of  France  as  suzerain  changed  the  title  of  the  head  of 
the  family  from  forester  or  ranger  to  warden  or  Count.  The  first  recipient  of  the  honor 
was  Baldwin  1st  "Iron  Arm,"  837-789,  who  was  likewise  invested  with  the  maritime  re- 
gion of  northeast  France,  Arotis,  in  864,  as  a  hereditary  fief  from  his  father-in-law  on  con- 
dition that  he  defend  it  against  the  Normans.  Baldwin  2d  the  Bald,  their  son,  md. 
Aelfthryth,  dau.  of  King  Alfred  of  England,  and  did  much  good  for  his  country.  He  died 
in  918  and  his  eldest  son,  Arnulf,  succeeded  him  in  a  troublous  reign  with  the  Normans 
on  one  side  and  Otho,  1st  Emperor  of  Germany,  on  the  other  side  of  him.  Then  his  son, 
Baldwin  3d,  by  Adelia,  dau.  of  the  Count  of  Vermandois,  who  died  in  961,  and  Arnulf. 
succeeded  him  again  until  his  death  in  989.  At  this  time  St.  Adelaide,  bn.  about  933  died 
999.  Queen  of  Italy  and  Empress  of  Germany,  dau.  of  Rudolph  2d  of  Burgundy,  was  md. 
to  Lothare,  2d  son  of  Hugo,  King  of  Italy.  After  Lothare's  death  she  md.  Otho  the  Great, 
bn.  at  Etruria.  now  Terento,  Italy,  5  miles  from  Vilerbo  and  5  from  the  Tiber,  who 
crowned  her  Empress  of  the  west  in  962.  She  exercised  much  Christian  influence  in  Ger- 
many and  also  over  her  son.  who  succeeded  her.  and  a  grandson  in  his  minority.  She 
was  called  the  "Mother  of  Kingdoms  "  Then  his  son  Baldwin  4th,  the  comely  Beard, 
successfully  ruled  until  1096.  Robert  2d.  Duke  of  Normandy,  espoused  the  cause  of  Bald- 
win 4th,  of  Flanders,  against  his  sons.  Henry  1st  and  2d  of  Fran.ce.  Then  Baldwin  5th, 
the  Pious,  of  Lille,  who  md.  Adelia,  dau.  of  Count  Robert  of  Normandy.  France,  1036-67, 
an  active,  ambitious  man.  whose  eldest  dau.,  Matilda,  shared  the  English  throne  through 
her  marriage  with  Wm.  the  Conqueror,  and  son  Baldwin  of  Mons  in  Dutch  Bergen,  in 
possession  of  Hainault  in  right  of  his  wife  Richelde.  the  widow  of  the  Count,  and  his  son 
"Robert  the  Fresian."  ruled  over  the  courtship  of  Holland  and  Friesland  in  right  of  the 
countess  Gertrude  where  "The  descendant  of  a  hundred  earls  has  wayward  longings  for 
the  goose-girl  Gretchen."  His  other  dau.  Judith  md.  Tostig.  brother  of  Harold  2d.  King 
of  England,  and  on  his  death  in  1067  Baldwin  of  Mons  succeeded  to  the  courtship  of 
Flanders,  and  then  was  succeeded  by  Robert,  his  eldest  brother's  short  reign.  Count 
Robert  was  an  able  and  valiant  prince  and  has  the  honor  of  having  established  at  Bruges 
the  first  "insurance  company,"  and  his  son  and  successor.  Robert  2d.  became  famous  in 
the  first  crusade  and  acquired  the  title  of  the  "Lance  and  Sword  of  Christendom." 

Baldwin  7th  became  Count  on  Robert's  death,  and  after  him  in  1384,  Count  Philip, 
the  Bold,  the  greatest  law  giver  of  Flanders,  "wrote  a  Latin  treatise  upon  the  39  articles 
of  the  usages  of  war,"  printed  at  Liege,  1384. 

Baldwin  9th  was  the  founder  of  the  Latin  Empire  of  the  East. 

The  counts  of  Flanders  for  the  centuries  from  the  9th  to  the  12th  in  the  five  suc- 
cessive generations  of  Baldwin  9th.  descendant  of  Liderick  le  Buc.  who  became  Baldwin 
1st,  Emperor  of  Constantinople,  9th  of  May,  1204,  and  who  was  succeeded  by  Baldwin 
1st,  King  of  Jerusalem,  youngest  brother  of  Godfrey,  upon  his  death  in  1100,  in  the  oc- 
cupancy of  the  thrones  of  the  East  from  the  first  crusade  were  models  of  Knighthood. 

141 


Baldwin  2nd  Institutes  Order  of  Templars.    Ally  of  Greek  Emperor  Manuel.     Saladin  Re- 
takes Jerusalem.     Last  of  Knights.     Flanders  Divided.     House  of  Burgundy.     CUas.  1st 
of  Spain.     Godfrey  of  Bouillon.     Jerusalem  Delivered. 

Baldwin  2d.  King  of  Jerusalem,  in  the  taking  of  Tyre  by  the  aid  of  the  Venetian 
fleet  in  1124  instituted  the  "order  of  the  Templars,"  and  the  reign  of  Baldwin  3d,  King  of 
Jerusalem,  was  a  personification  of  honor,  justice,  devotion  and  love.  They  endeavored 
to  improve  both  the  external  and  internal  defences  of  the  kingdom  and  the  industry  and 
commerce  of  the  country  and  their  authority  and  influence  was  so  great  that  even  the 
Saracens  followed  under  the  "Banner  of  the  Cross."  By  his  marriage  with  Theodora, 
the  dau.  of  the  Greek  Emperor  Manuel,  he  gained  a  faithful  ally  and  greatly  strengthened 
the  cause,  but  with  his  death  the  Christian  power  of  the  east  began  to  decline  and  with 
Baldwin  5th  son-in-law  of  Prince  Robert  of  France,  dying  young,  a  year  after  whose 
untimely  death  Jerusalem  was  retaken  by  the  powerful  Saladin  in  11S7,  and 
Baldwin  2d,  Emperor  of  Constantinople,  was  forced  to  give  up  that  capital  July  15th, 
1261,  and  flee  to  Italy  for  safety  and  in  13S5  the  male  line  of  the  Counts  of  Flanders  ex- 
pired on  the  marriage  of  Marguerite,  sister  of  Count  Philip  and  the  dau.  of  Louis  2d, 
count  of  Flanders,  to  Philip,  or  Chas.  the  Bold,  Duke  of  Burgundy,  and  on  his  death  in 
1477  by  the  marriage  of  his  daughter  and  rich  heiress.  Mary,  to  the  Archduke  Maximilian 
of  Austria,  the  last  of  the  Knights  to  the  House  of  Hapsburg,  and  subsequently  in  17H4 
Flanders  was  consequently  pieced  out  by  treaties,  subdivisions  and  alliances  to  France, 
Austria  and  Belgium. 

In  the  14th  century  the  House  of  Burgundy  was  deemed  the  richest  in  the  world 
and  its  magnificence  on  great  occasions  rivalled  all  that  had  been  dreamt  in  fable  and 
they  were  all  strong  men  in  comparison  with  their  cousins,  the  French  and  English 
princes,  who  were  mostly  dissolute  and  irresolute. 

After  the  death  of  Emperor  Maximilian  in  1519  the  throne  of  Germany  descended  to 
Charles  the  1st  of  Spain,  thus  making  him  the  greatest  potentate  of  Europe  since  not 
only  Spain  and  Germany,  but  the  Netherlands,  a  part  of  Italy  and  the  newly  discovered 
regions  of  the  New  World  yielded  obedience  to  his  sway.  Flanders  in  the  latter  part  of 
the  16th  century  passed  under  Spanish  rule. 

Philip  4th  of  Spain  died  Sept.  17,  1665.  leaving  his  son  Charles  2d,  the  Dauphin,  4 
years  old.  The  Queen  Mother.  Anna  Mariah  of  Austria,  was  left  the  regency  which 
Nithard  assumed  as  Adviser  when  Louis  14th  of  France  laid  claim  to  lands  in  the  Nether- 
lands through  his  marriage  to  Maria  Theresa,  Charles'  sister.  Spain  resisted  the  claim 
and  the  French  invaded  Flanders  and  overrun  Franche-Compte  and  the  regent  was  com- 
pelled to  rede  a  pari  of  Flanders  to  France  in  the  treaty  of  Aix-la-Chapelle,  1668,  and 
afterward  by  the  marriage  of  Charles  2d  of  Spain  and  Maria  Louise  of  Orleans,  and  of  his 
second  wife  Catherine  of  Braganza.  Portugal,  without  issue,  in  1672.  Spain  had  to  sur- 
render Franche-Compte  and  14  fortresses  in  Flanders  and  the  southern  Netherlands  by 
another  treaty,  so  of  all  that  ancient  territory  there  is  now  only  left  East  and  West 
Flanders,  provinces  in  the  modern  Kingdom  of  Belgium. 

Among  the  lineal  descendants  in  the  right  line  of  Liderick  le  Buc  was  Godfrey  of 
Bouillon,  the  eldest  son  of  Count  Eustice  2d  of  Boulogne.  He  served  with  great  gallantry 
in  the  armies  of  the  emperor  Henry  4th  both  in  Germany  and  Italy.  When  the  first 
crusade  was  set  on  foot  the  fame  of  his  exploits  caused  him  to  be  elected  one  of  the 
principal  commanders.  In  order  to  defray  the  expenses  of  the  crusade  he  mortgaged  his 
estates  in  1095  to  the  Bishop  of  Liege  and  set  out  accompanied  by  his  brothers  Eustice 
and  Baldwin  in  the  spring  of  1096. 

History  presents  this  prince  a  model  of  piety,  valor  and  all  kingly  virtues  and  his 
praises  have  been  worthily  sung  by  Tasso,  the  famous  Italian  epic  poet  (1544-95)  in 
his  "Jerusalem  Delivered"  as  the  central  figure  and  noblest  of  them  all.  "O  could  m\ 
lips  but  sound  thy  praises  forth." 

In  Brussels,  the  capital  of  Belgium,  is  the  "Palace  Royal"  with  its  colossal  monu- 
ment of  Godfrey  of  Bouillon,  a  description  of  which  is  here  given  from  Richard  Henry 
Stoddard,  American  traveller  and  author  and  poet,  1825:  "Among  the  prettiest  features 
of  Brussels  is  the  Palace  Royal  where  one  looks  out  from  his  hotel  upon  a  handsome 
square  adorned  with  the  equestrian  statue  of  Godfrey  of  Bouillon,  the  hero  of  the  first 
crusade.  It  has  a  background  of  impressive  history.  This  statue  represents  the  old 
crusader  in  the  attitude  which  he  assumed  when  on  this  very  spot  in  1097  he  raised  the 
standard  of  the  cross  and  urged  his  fellow  countrymen  to  follow  him  to  Palestine  to  res- 
cue from  the  Saracens  the  sepulchre  of  Christ.  In  Bethlehem  the  Empress  Hellena 
caused  a  church  to  be  erected,  some  portions  of  which  still  exist.  It  is  the  oldest  sanc- 
tuary in  the  world  and  it  is  a  touching  fact  that  the  crusader  Baldwin  1st.  when  made 
King  of  Jerusalem  refused  to  wear  a  crown  of  gold  in  the  city  where  his  Lord  and 

142 


Christianity  Marks  Progress  of  Mankind.     The  Plantagenets.     House  of  Anjou.     Bald- 
win 1st  of  the  Iran   Arm.     Win.   the   Conqueror  Marries  Matilda.   Dan.   of   Baldwin   5th. 
Early  Flanders.     Antenor  the  Trojan. 

Saviour  had  been  crowned  with  thorns  and  therefore  selected  this  church  in  Bethlehem 
rather  than  Jerusalem  for  the  place  of  coronation.  The  Greek  Christians  in  1808  de- 
stroyed the  authentic  monument  of  the  Crusaders,  Godfrey  de  Bouillon  and  King  Bald- 
win 1st.  fearing  the  Latin  church  would  claim  it.  The  sword  and  spurs  of  Godfrey  of 
Bouillon  were  in  the  Church  of  the  Holy  Sepulchre  at  Jerusalem,  the  Chapel  of  the 
Nativity  now  marking  the  spot."   (R.  H.  Stoddard,  Lectures,  1897). 

The  sense  of  the  mystery  of  life  as  embraced  in  Christianity  is  the  only  way  to  a 
fuller,  larger,  higher  and  happier  life,  forming  a  component  part  of  the  study  of  human 
progress  in  the  history  of  civilization  (see  Buckle's  "Hist,  of  Civilization,"  page  188). 
"That  from  the  Greek  and  Latin  races  the  three  great  Teutonic  branches  of  the  Aryan 
race,  the  German,  the  French  and  the  English,  largely  mark  the  greatest  general  progress 
of  mankind  down  through  the  centuries  of  development  and  Christianity,"  in  formulating 
a  religion  that  might  be  accepted  by  all. 

So  long  as  there  are  human  beings  there  will  be  differences  of  thought  and  opinion 
and  it  is  well  for  the  world  that  it  is  so,  yet  only  by  looking  at  the  truth,  the  eternal 
principle  of  right,  from  every  side  will  man  attain  to  the  highest  standard  in  the  light 
of  the  gospel  of  the  universal  fatherhood  and  brotherhood  of  man.  The  Christian  ideal 
of  life  is  the  highest  realization  of  happiness  and  prosperity.  There  is  no  more  beauti- 
ful conception  of  life  than  that  it  is  a  fountain  overflowing  and  illuminating  with  love 
and  charity,  forgiving  kindness,  unselfishness,  and  with  a  full  measure  of  common  sense 
guided  by  a  disinterested  and  educated  conscience  devoid  of  evil.  There  is  no  true 
measure  of  greatness  except  the  Christian  standard  of  excellence  in  service  and  work  in 
the  up-building,  up-lifting  and  ennobling  of  mankind  as  marked  by  "Our  Saviour's  face 
benign,  bent  on  us  with  transforming  power,  till  we  too  faintly  shine." 

Prom  Geoffrey,  Count  of  Anjou,  sprang  the  Plantagenets.  He  conquered  the  greater 
part  of  Normandy,  assumed  the  title  of  Duke  in  1127,  md.  Matilda  the  dau.  of  Henry  1st 
of  England  and  widow  of  the  Emperor  Henry  5th  of  Germany  last  of  the  Salic  line. 
She  was  a  Saxon  princess  and  thus  united  the  Saxon  and  Norman  blood  and  endeared 
him  to  the  English  people. 

The  House  of  Anjou,  a  family  of  Counts  and  Uukes  of  Anjou  in  France.  In  1154 
Anjou,  Normandy  and  England  united  under  the  rule  of  Henry  2d,  son  of  Geoffrey,  the 
founder  of  the  English  royal  house  of  Anjou,  or  Plantagenet  as  it  is  usually  called 
from  a  sprig  of  broom  (planta  genista)  which  he  is  said  to  have  worn  on  his  hat. 
Through  Matilda  after  the  short  reign  and  death  of  Stephen,  his  nephew  inherited  the 
English  throne  which  he  ascended  as  Henry  2d,  the  first  of  the  Plantagenet  line,  which 
was  noted  to  Henry  4th  for  its  conquests,  war  achievements,  institution  of  House  of 
Commons,  and  trial  by  jury,  wool  traffic  and  literature. 

Baldwin  1st  of  the  Iron  Arm  md.  Judith,  dau.  of  Charles  2d,  King  of  France,  and 
from  their  union  came  Matilda  (wife  of  William  the  Conqueror).  Judith  was  also  the 
wife  of  Ethelwauf  and  for  a  time  of  Ethelbald,  kings  of  England,  before  her  marriage 
with  Baldwin  1st.  William  1st  the  Conqueror  md.  Matilda,  dau.  of  Baldwin  5th,  Count 
of  Flanders.  Nov.  2d,  1053.  Baldwin  1st,  King  of  Jerusalem  1058-1118,  was  brother  of 
Godfrey  of  Bouillon.  Baldwin  1st,  the  first  Latin  Emperor  of  Constantinople,  was 
bn.  at  Valiencennes  in  1171  his  parents  being  Baldwin,  count  of  Hainault,  and  Margaret 
countess  of  Flanders. 

The  inhabitants  of  Flanders  were  descended  from  the  ancient  Belgae,  from  Galla- 
Belgica,  a  Celtic  speaking  Franco-German  tribe  and  the  "aboriginal  population  known  to 
the  Romans."  The  Alani  were  a  pastoral  people  dwelling  between  the  Volga  and  the 
Don.  They  had  long  dwelt  in  these  plains  but  were  finally  routed  by  the  Huns,  their 
King  Alan  was  slain  and  they  had  to  flee  southward  to  new  fields.  The  Belgians  and  the 
Gauls  were  blood  relatives.  The  Flemish  language,  Flandern-Wallon,  a  Roman  dialect, 
still  predominates  in  Flanders  and  Barbant. 

In  their  earliest  history  "Antenor  the  Trojan,"  friend  and  companion  of  Aeneas, 
migrated  to  the  farthest  gulf  of  the  Illyrian  coast,  to  the  northern  shore  of  the  Adriatic. 
to  Pannonia  and  Venetia,  whence  he  founded  the  city  of  Ptavium  or  Padua  on  the  river 
Brent  near  Venice  which  claims  to  be  the  oldest  city  in  North  Italy  and  the  inhabitants 
of  which  claim  their  ancient  descent  from  the  Trojan  Antenor  whose  relics  they  recog- 
nized in  a  large  stone  sarcophfagus  exhumed  in  the  year  1274.  From  the  Lombard  rule" it 
fell  into  that  of  the  Franks  as  masters  of  North  Italy,  whence  the  origin  of  the  Batavian 

143 


Histor*  of  the  Fra  iq*e*U  of  Caesar 

and   Charlem-  Bruges. 

»i  and  Tpres.    Bern  .4  Buildings. 

Fra:  .  Fredegar  -        regor  Tours  in  b  -     ry  of  the  Franks 

er  of  French  history  covering  a  period  of 
-  of  invaluable  record,  to  the  time  of  the  Romans,  and  Allmeyer  the  historian  of 
nach.  Royal  de  Belgiq- 

tiled,  a  pastoral  people,  settled  down  there,  each  had  his 

-   his  habitation,  his  proportion  of  the  arable  land,  with  correspond- 

5t  always  equal  but  subject  to  claims  in 

council  under  control  of  the  chief  of  each  village,  canton  or  territory.     They  clothed 

the:  Bohemians  lived  mostly  by 

-     _  cows  and  sheep,  were  faithful, 

oper.  chaste  and  hospitable.     Warlike  and  brav-  i  their  leader  for 

■  d  pro  we-  armed  with  the  bow  and  short  spear  and  lived  in 

barricad-  .ialism.  banding  together  for  mutual 

The  stories  and  s      -  of  Teutonic  and  Celtic  origin,  com- 

posed their  lit  nd  oral  trad:'  old  bards  recounting  the  deeds  of  their 

-ongs   and   in   exulting 

t  upon  t':  if  their  origin  and  the  ancient  glory  of 

-ations  became  woven  by  others  of  them  into  con- 

j.ence  the  memory  becar  --  .ened  through 

the  long  -eliance  and  i:  -eing  imparted  to  others  to  retain  and  to 

it  were  a  sacred  inheritance  from  all  previous 

r.d   Charlemagne  these   ancient  Aryan  or  Teu- 
d  and  assimilated  to  the  previously  Latinized  races 
conquerors  through  the  development,   re- 
bout  a  century  before  the  sack  of  Rome  by  Alarie 
Roman  termor  I  the  Rhine,  were  increasing 

.ere  laying  the  basis  of  what,  after  the  fall  of  Rome, 
Franks,  the  beginning  of  The  French  nation  of  today, 
n  Gaul  was  a':  '•.    D.  and  it  is  quite  im- 

utonic  brethren  bore  to  the  Romans  or  to  the 
n  and  Celtic  intruders  and  the  Latin  speaking 
.  and  France  very  soon  began  to  mingle  their  blood  by  family 
alliances  and  a  little  later  everything,  dwellir.-  -      .nguage.  la 

soldiers  and  citizens  betoken  and  remind  us  of  the  great  change  which  took  place  dur- 
ing the  "Medieval  renaissanc  -  'pe. 

Bruges,  now  the  capital  of  '•  lers.  was  the  old  capital  of  all  the  surrounding 

district  called  Flanders  in  the  Tth  century.     Ghent.  Bruges  and  Ypres  were  the  three 
limbs  of  Flanders  and  here  it  is  saic   -  preached  the  Gospel  as  early  as  the 

■    ry  and  in  *7>  A.  D.  the  Saxon  Winfrid.  driven  from  his  see.  the  great  ai- 

known  as  St.  Bonifice.  :  -      He  died  in  709.     Be- 

fore the  conquest  of  England  by  the  Normans  its  commercial  importance  was  established. 
In  the  beginning  of  the  13th  century  it  was  the  central  mart  of  the  '"Henseatic 
league."  a  trades  union  for  protection  of  manufacture  and  trade,  and  in  the  following 
century  it  may  be  said  to  have  become  the  metropolis  of  the  world's  commerce.  Com- 
mercial agen-  7  different  kingdoms  resided  here  and  no  less  than  20  mini- 
froni  foreign  courts  had  mansions  within  its  walls  and  it  was  the  seat  of  various  trades 
and  manufactories.     The  celebrated  "Gobelin  tapes-  i  to  have  originated  here. 

The  largest  sea-go  i  -  entered  m  of  three  canals  from  Ghent.  L'Ecluse 

and  Ostend  on  the  many  bridges,  from  which  it  is  named,  opening  in  the  middle 

-Age.     It  was  surrounded  by  ramparts  on  a  In  the  great  squar 

the  town  hall  with  its  lefty  gothic  tower,  the  most  beautiful  in  Europe,  which  has  a  cele- 
brated chime  of  4S  bells  of  enormous  size,  weighing  several  tons,  being  so  arranged  as 
to  play  a  great  variety  of  harmonious  tunes  every  quarter  hour,  the  finest  in  the  Nether- 
lands, and  a  Gothic  Senate  House,  built  about  the  close  of  the  14th  century  and  a  Court 
"ustice  containing  a  famous  carved  chimney  piece  dated  1559  and  the  Church  of 
re  Dame  with  its  spire  450  feet  high  and  many  valuable  paintings  of  the  old  Flem- 


- 

h  the  conquests  of 

i   Uu 

:. 

- 

mem 

- 

The  Belgae.     Ypres.     Court™  led  by  BaldvAn.     Battle  of   the  spurs.     Int 

H""    of  Jo  I  Irtevelde.     Bergv.es,    Normandy,    ><>,»    Colme,    France.     Calais   and 

Battle  of  Crecy.     Field  of  the  cloth  of  Gold. 

ish  school  of  masters.  Rubens,  Van  Dyck,  and  Rembrandt,  and  a  statue  of  the  Virgin  by 
Michael  Angelo  and  another  of  St.  Peter,  the  patron  saint  of  Flanders.  The  streets  ol 
peaked  gabled  houses  have  a  venerable  and  picturesque  appearance  but  the  population 
now  is  nothing  to  what  it  was  in  the  Middle  Ages.  In  1280,  the  Archives  of  Bruges  were 
unfortunately  destroyed  by  an  extensive  fire  and  all  the  valuable  papers  bearing  on  the 
events  of  the  "Middle  Ages"  of  which  Bruges  was  the  theater  were  lost  and  it  is  now.  in 
1915.  ruined  by  battle  and  pillage. 

The  inhabitants  are  descended  from  the  ancient  Belgae  from  Galla  Belgica,  a  Celtic 
speaking  German  tribe  known  to  the  Romans.  The  old  Frankish  legend  is  that  they 
came  from  the  Danube  (where  the  Antenor  or  Sabine  posterity  -ettled)  to  the  Rhine, 
that  a  colony  of  the  Sicumbrian  cohort  was  planted  by  the  Roman's  under  Aurelian. 
legionary  tribune.  241  A.  D.  on  the  spot  where  Budapest  now  stands  in  the  usual  an- 
nalist statement  (of  the  monks)  that  they  were  "reliquiae  Trojanorum"  (relics  of  the 
Trojan  race).  The  land  or  country  of  the  Belgae  lay  between  the  Seine,  the  Marne  and 
the  Rhone.  The  Flemish  language,  a  German  dialect,  predominates  in  Flanders  and  Bar- 
bant,  it  being  an  amalgamation  of  the  Greek  and  Latin  idiom  of  the  earliest  inhabitants 

Ypres,  or  Ypern,  West  Flanders,  in  the  14th  century  had  200,000  inhabitants  and 
400  looms  and  was  formerly  strongly  walled  with  gates  and  fortified,  the  only  remnant 
nt  its  once  flourishing  mills  and  manufactories  being  the  Cloth  House,  "his  I  Utiles. "  and 
town  hall  standing  in  the  great  market  place,  a  trapezium  of  prodigious  size  in  a  rich 
style  of  old  Gothic  architecture,  the  most  perfect  in  Europe  with  stately  medieval  arches, 
cherron  lace  work  and  pointed  zig-zag  mouldings,  with  a  square  tower  or  belfry  with 
clock  and  chimes,  from  1230  to  1342.  A  wing  supported  on  pillars  was  added  in  1730 
now  used  for  concerts,  public  offices  and  other  establishments.  Also  the  famous  "Hotel 
de  ville."  the  cathedral  of  St.  Martin,  is  a  fine  Gothic  edifice  with  an  altar  of  Carrara 
marble,  a  richly  carved  pulpit  and  Van  Eyck  paintings,  statuary  and  tapestry. 

Courtrai  (Kortryx).  a  town  in  West  Flanders  about  30  miles  south  of  Bruges  built 
on  both  sides  of  the  Lys,  is  surrounded  with  walls  and  has  a  castle  or  citadel,  a  fine  old 
bridge  flanked  with  Flemish  towers,  a  noble  town  hall  and  a  beautiful  Gothic  church 
founded  in  1238  by  Baldwin,  count  of  Flanders.  It  was  here  beneath  the  walls  that 
"the  Battle  of  the  Spurs"  was  fought.  "Seven  hundred  gold  spurs  worn  only  by  nobles, 
were  found  in  the  trenches  next  day."  I  Some  historians  are  inclined  to  disagree  with 
this  statement  but  say  "they  put  spurs  to  their  horses."  or  rather  "took  to  their  spurs 
and  fled").  This  splendid  victory  was  won  over  the  chivalry  of  France  in  April  or 
July.  1302.  by  the  Flemings,  citizens  of  Ghent  and  Bruges  mostly.  Spurs  were  won  by 
some  act  of  chivalry  before  the  wearer  could  be  knighted,  usually  at  about  the  age  of  16 
or  18,  by  the  aristocracy  who  could  afford  the  necessary  training,  trappings  and  at- 
tendants of  the  horse  for  the  tilt,  rout  or  quest  of  war.  Their  readiness  to  arm  in  their 
own  defense  is  exemplified  in  the  famous  insurrection  of  Jacob  von  Artevelde.  and  other 
instances.  He  was  a  brewer  of  Ghent  and  popular  leader  for  independence  in  the  14th 
century  against  the  so-called  cruel  government  of  Count  Louis  1st  and  proposed  finally 
that  the  son  of  Edward  3d  of  England  should  be  elected  count  of  Flanders.  For  this  the 
Flemings  were  not  prepared  or  disposed  and  in  consequence  Artevelde  was  killed  in  a 
popular  insurrection  Aug.  19th,  1345.  resulting  in  further  wars  later  on  in  favor  of  the 
Flemish  against  all  internal  dissentions  or  foreign  rule. 

In  Bergues,  Dep.  of  Nerdon,  the  Colme.  5  miles  southeast  of  Dunkirk,  Normandy, 
I  now  France),  was  first  walled  and  fortified  by  Baldwin  2d,  count  of  Flanders,  879-918, 
and  Baldwin  4th  erected  there  a  splendid  Abbey  of  which  only  two  towers  now  remain 
in  honor  of  St.  Winnoe  who  retired  there  in  the  beginning  of  the  10th  century.  William 
of  Normandy,  count  of  Flanders,  (the  Conqueror)  died  there  in  1128.  Between  the  13th 
and  14th  centuries  it  suffered  much  from  wars  and  changed  masters  several  times.  (Pop. 
6,000). 

Calais  was,  in  the  9th  century,  a  pretty  fishing  village  with  a  natural  harbor  at  the 
mouth  of  a  stream.  It  was  first  improved  by  Baldwin  4th.  count  of  Flanders,  in  997,  and 
regularly  fortified  by  Count  Philip  of  Boulogne  in  1224  It  was  besieged  in  1346  after 
the  battle  of  Crecy  by  Edward  3d  when  Count  Philip  and  the  Counts  of  Flanders  and 
Dukes  of  France  were  defeated  but  was  retaken  by  the  Duke  of  Guise  in  1558. 

The  "Field  of  the  Cloth  of  Gold."  an  open  plain  between  Ardres  and  Guisnes  where 
Henry  8th  of  England  and  Francis  1st  of  France  tried  to  outdazzle  each  other  in  1520  is 
in  the  arrondissement  of  St.  Omer,  department  of  Pas  de  Calais.     It  is  now  a  town,  "of 

145 


Brain-Lt  l  Mons.     Lirriburg.     Xu  l         tide.     Bouillon,     heaven.     Lou- 

vain.     Flemish    Weavers    Setth  Tongres.     Luxemburg.     Edward    3d.    the 

Black  P 

many  gables,"  as  we  find  gabled  streets,  houses  with  their  gables  butting  or  ending  on 
the  rambling  streets,  presenting  their  pointed  gables  to  the  street,  as  in  most  of  the  cities 
of  Flanders  of  that  early  period. 

Brain-le-compte  is  a  busy  tcwn  of  the  province  of  Hainault.  Belgium,  about  13  miles 
X.  E.  of  Mons.  It  is  an  ancient  place  and  formerly  belonged  to  the  monks  of  St.  Waudru, 
at  Mons,  from  whom  it  was  bought  by  Count  Baldwin  in  1158.  It  has  an  old  church  of 
the  13th  century  and  many  old  mills  and  manufactories.     (Pop.  8,176  in  18S4i. 

Mons.  supposed  to  occupy  the  site  of  a  Roman  station,  was  made  the  capital  of 
Hainault  by  the  Emperor  Charlemagne  in  804. 

Limburg  is  one  of  the  most  ancient  cities  in  Belgium.  The  Chronicles  of  Lim- 
burg,  in  one  of  its  libraries,  is  one  of  the  oldest  and  most  important  historical  manu- 
scripts of  Europe.  The  Nuremberg  Chronicle  was  printed  in  that  city  in  1493  by  Ko- 
berger.  The  Cathedral  of  St.  George,  built  in  the  13th  century  on  a  crag  overlooking  the 
valleys  of  the  Meuse  and  the  Lahn,  is  remarkably  picturesque  and  striking  and  although 
strictly  neutral,  in  1914  the  invading  hosts  of  Germany  passed  through  these  fertile 
plains  and  wantonly  drove  out  the  inhabitants  and  devastated  their  cities 

Bouillon,  a  duchy  originally  German,  in  the  Belgian  part  of  the  grand  Duchy  of 
Luxemburg,  consists  of  a  woody  and  hilly  district  of  the  Ardennes  about  157  square 
miles  in  extent  with  a  population  of  21.000.  The  principal  town  is  Bouillon,  situated  be- 
tween steep  hills  on  the  Semoy,  with  a  strong  castle  on  a  reck  overlooking  the  town  of 

■  population.  In  order  to  raise  money  for  his  crusades.  Godfrey.  Duke  of  Bouillon, 
pledged  it  in  1  -  Bishop  of  Liege 

Flanders  in  the  14th  century  was  the  greatest  manufacturing  country  in  Europe.  It 
had  80.000  looms  and  500,000  fullers  and  weavers  in  cloth,  getting  their  wool  from  the 
English.  A  shipping  trade  had  sprung  up  in  woolens,  corn,  cattle,  wine  and  beer  rival- 
ing that  of  Manchester  and  Liverpool. 

In  the  latter  part  of  the  14th  century  and  in  the  reign  of  Edward  6th  and  Elizabeth 
and  Mary.  Leaven,  the  capital  of  the  Imchey  of  Barbant.  with  200,000  inhabitants  and 
4.000  cloth  weavers,  along  with  other  towns  in  Flanders,  were  defeated  in  their  en- 
deavors to  assert  their  independence  and  under  the  harsh  measures  of  repression  took 
refuge  in  England  and  thus  contributed  not  a  little  to  the  prosperity  of  that  country,  and 
manufactures  which  they  introduced.  Of  the=^.  about  4.000  settled  at  Norwich.  Nor- 
folk Co..  and  the  town  was  walled  and  protected  as  during  the  early  commerce  of  Europe 
trade  was  secure  only  within  walled  towns. 

Louvain  was  at  one  time  a  great  and  thriving  city  with  a  population  of  200.000  and 
one  of  the  principal  markets  of  the  continent.  The  turbulent  spirit  of  the  people,  and 
their  frequent  outbreaks  against  their  arbitrary  and  intolerable  rulers  and  the  heavy 
taxes  imposed  and  in  particular  the  massacre  of  the  patricians  in  1378  caused  them  to 
emigrate  in  large  numbers.  A  hundred  thousand  weavers  left  the  country  carrying 
abroad,  mostly  to  England,  the  secrets  of  their  trade  and  from  that  period  the  material 
prosperity  of  Louvain  steadily  diminished  to  the  advantage  cf  England.  Later  in  Aug., 
1915.  the  rapacious  hosts  of  Germany  reduced  this  Belgian  stronghold  of  art  and  learn- 
ing into  a  mouldering  ruin. 

In  the  time  of  William  the  Conqueror.  Flemish  weavers  settled  under  the  pr 
tion  of  the  Queen  at  Carlisle,  but  subsequently  were  removed  to  Pembroke,  and  at  various 
periods  in  the  reign  of  succeeding  monarchs  further  immigration  of  skilled  Flemish 
weavers  occurred  and  there  were  planted  at  different  places  throughout  the  country 
weavers,  dyers  and  fullers  from  Flanders.  Edward  3d  himself  wore  Flemish  cloth  to 
foster  native  manufacture.  In  1339.  under  Edward  3d.  a  flourishing  trade  grew  up  be- 
tween England  and  Flanders  in  wool,  being  confined  to  certain  towns  known  as  '"Staples" 
in  protection  of  commerce. 

Tongres  is  a  very  ancient  city  of  Belgium  in  Limbourg  13  miles  S.  E.  of  Hasselt. 
Luxemburg.  Gen.  Luxemburg  under  Turenne  in  Flanders.  1667,  took  St  Omer  and  de- 
feated William  2d.  Prince  of  Orange. 

Edward  3d.  the  "Blaek  Prise*-."  the  flower  of  English  knighthood,  was  only  14  years 
old  when  he  was  crowned  king  and  the  year  after  he  was  md.  to  Philippi.  dau.  of  the 
Count  of  Hainault  ( ha-no  i ,  having  been  for  some  time  previously  affianced  to  this  lovely 
princess  by  his  mother  Isabella  (1327-1377).  He  was  the  hero  of  the  Battle  of  Crecv, 
1346.  Calais.  1347.  and  Poitiers.  Sept.  19th.  1356.  He  died  of  fever.  June  8th.  1396,  aged 
46.     He  was  dearly  beloved  by  all  and  was  buried  with  great  honors  in  Canterbury  Cathe- 

14C 


Norfolk.  Kirby  Kendal.  John  Kemp  of  Flanders.  Rochdale.  Sudbury.  John  Winch- 
comb,  Clothier.    Bolton.     Braintree.     Haverford   West.     Gilbert  De  Clare,  First  Earl  oj 

Pern  broke. 

dral.  "Houmont"  and  "Ich  Dien,"  (all  are  human,  and  I  have  served  the  cause).  Some  of 
the  Flemings  were  induced  to  come  to  England  in  this  reign  of  Edward  3rd  and  to 
settle  in  Norfolk  where  they  made  better  woolen  cloths  than  the  English  h;id  ever  had 
before  and  so  he  was  called  "the  Royal  wool  merchant"  from  the  trade  that  sprang  up 
in  that  commodity  in  1330. 

Kirby  Kendai  is  situated  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Kent  22  miles  southwest  of 
Appelby,  Westmoreland.  England.  Here  in  the  reign  of  Edward  3rd,  a  sett  lenient  of 
Flemings  under  a  certain  John  Kemp  was  formed  and  afterward  the  town  became  well 
known  for  its  manufacture  of  woolen  cloths  called  "Kendals."  The  letter  of  protection 
dated  1331  and  granted  by  King  Edward  3rd  on  behalf  of  John  Kempe,  of  Flanders, 
cloth  weaver,  concerning  the  excellency  and  exercise  of  his  craft.  (Rhymer's  Fadera. 
vol.  2,  page  283). 

Rochdale.  Lincolnshire,  England.  The  woolen  manufacture  introduced  by  a  colony 
of  Flemings  in  the  reign  of  Edwanl  3rd,  is  still  in  a  prosperous  state  and  is  increasing 
in  importance.  Population  about  70,000  in  18!>1.  Blankets,  braizes,  kerseys  and  other 
woolen  fabrics  are  the  staple  manufacture. 

Sudbury  is  an  ancient  borough  and  market  town  of  England  of  1459  acres  with  a 
population  of  about  7,000,  situated  on  the  left  bank  of  the  river  Stour  across  which  a 
bridge  connects  with  the  suburb  of  Balingdon  in  Essex  forming  the  boundary  line  be- 
tween Suffolk  and  Essex,  on  the  Great  Eastern  Railway,  58  miles  northeast  of  London. 
By  William  the  Conqueror,  it  was  given  to  Richard  de  Clare,  and  from  the  Earls  of 
that  name  it  obtained  important  privileges.  The  town  owed  its  early  importance  as 
one  of  the  first  to  the  introduction  of  woolen  manufactures  by  the  Flemings  at  the 
instance  of  Edward  3rd,  and  the  silk  and  bunting  manufactures  ate  the  most  important 
branches  of  industry  there  at  the  present  time.  Population  7,059  in  1891.  All  Saints 
Church,  dating  from  1150,  and  consisting  of  decorated  chancel,  nave,  aisle  and  tower, 
possessed  a  fine  oaken  pulpit  of  1490.     The  church   was  restored   in    1S82. 

As  late  as  in  the  reign  of  Henry  8th.  it  is  recorded  that  John  Winchcomb,  the 
greatest  clothier  in  England,  had  a  hundred  looms  working  in  bis  factory  at  Newbury 
and  that  he  was  able  to  send  a  hundred  of  his  journeymen  to  Flodden  Field  in  1513  at 
his  own  expense,  to  quell  the  Scottish  rebellion  and  promote  peace,  in  which  500  Scots, 
of  whom  their  King  James  4th  with  all  of  the  flower  of  the  Scottish  nobility,  were  left 
dead  on  the  field  by  the  English  forces 

Bolton,  Lancashire,  England,  is  a  place  of  great  antiquity  and  had  little  importance, 
till  the  introduction  of  woolen  manufacture  by  Flemish  emigrants  about  1337.  Several 
centuries  afterward  its  industries  received  a  further  development  from  a  body  of  French 
refugees  or  Huguenots  driven  from  their  own  country  by  the  battle  fought  near  St.  Denis 
between  Huguenots  and  victorious  Catholics,  Nov.  10,  15G7,  and  by  Edict  of  Nantes  in 
1598.  being  revoked  by  Louis  14th,  Oct.  22.  lf»85,  or  Massacre  of  St.  Bartholomew's  Day, 
Aug.  24,  1572,  causing  the  expatriation  and  emigration  of  about  50,000  protestant  families 
who   carried   their   industry   to   England   and   other   lands   to   the   great   loss   of   France. 

Braintree,  formerly  Raines,  a  manufacturing  and  market  town  in  North  Essex. 
The  manufacture  of  silk  and  crepe,  which  employs  about  1,000  persons,  has  quite  super- 
seded that  of  woolen  cloth  which  was  introduced  by  the  Flemings,  who  fled  to  England 
to  escape  the  persecutions  of  the  Duke  of  Alva  in  North  Holland,  Mons  and  the  Nether- 
lands, 1570-2;  straw  plaiting  is  also  carried  on  to  a  large  extent,  as  well  as  that  of 
several  other  later  industries. 

West  Haverford,  in  Pembroke.  South  Wales.  After  the  conquest  a  castle  was  built 
on  a  rocky  eminence  overlooking  the  West  Claddau  river  and  surrounded  by  fortified 
walls  and  keep  by  Gilbert  de  Clare,  first  Earl  of  Pembroke,  and  during  the  insurrection 
of  Owen  Glendower,  the  last  native  who  assumed  the  title  of  the  Prince  of  Wales,  born 
about  1354,  was  defeated  by  Henry  4th  against  the  French  allies  of  the  Welsh,  1403-8. 
In  the  Civil  wars  of  the  17th  century,  it  was  held  by  the  Royalists.  The  castle  was 
visited  in  1188  bv  Giraldus  Cambrensis  and  Archbishop  Baldwin.  In  1105  the  Flemings 
who  had  been  driven  from  the  low  lands  of  their  country  by  inundations  were  settled 
in  this  locality  by  Henry  1st,  and  the  Flemings  who  had  served  under  Stephen  afterwards 
increased  the  colony,  their  influence  is  still  shown  in  the  use  of  the  Flemish  language 
instead  of  the  Welsh  among  the  townspeople  and  in  the  peculiar  shape  of  their  houses. 
Population  in  1871,  0,022,  area  1,430  acres. 

147 


Linen  Manufacture  hit  roil  need  into  England.     The  Jeivs  in  England.     The  Rothschilds. 

Baring  Bros.     Fortress   of   Ghent.     Liege.     Famous   Bell.     Song   of  Roland.     The  Black 

Prince.     Battles  of  Crecy  and   Calais      Poitiers.     Valenciennes. 

It  is  also  stated  that  linen  was  first  manufactured  in  England  by  Flemish  weavers 
under  the  protection  of  Henry  3d  in  1253  and  as  early  as  the  11th  century,  in  the 
reign  of  Henry  1st,  there  was  great  emigration  from  the  continent  to  England,  because 
of  the  justice,  freedom  and  Teutonic  liberty  he  inaugerated  and  the  Flemings,  trained 
in  habits  of  industry,  came  in  crowds  during  1100,  and  so  woolen  manufacture,  which 
they  understood  so  well,  was  introduced  into  England  by  the  Flemings  and  trade  of 
London  flourished  so  much  as  to  attract  the  Jews  from  the  lowlands  of  Holland,  which 
proved  an  important  financial  factor,  and  citizens  of  Normandy  to  settle  in  it  to  add  to 
its  strength  and  greatness. 

The  Jews  were  afterward  persecuted  and  massacred  in  1189  and  finally  expelled 
from  Europe  in  1290  as  an  ill-fated  and  outcast  race  for  3%  centuries  to  Cromwell's 
reign,  1653,  when  they  were  permitted  to  return.  The  darkest  stain  on  Edward's  reign 
was  his  treatment  of  the  Jews,  for  it  is  certain  that  much  of  the  capital  with  which  the 
Norman  monarchs  and  churchmen  built  those  noble  and  costly  cathedrals  that  lent  a 
glory  to  the  wealth  of  the  12th  and  13th  centuries,  was  borrowed  from  the  despised 
enemies  of  the  Christian  faith.  And  in  later  years  the  antipathy  of  the  Jewish  name  has 
grown  less  a  distinction  of  nationality  and  become  more  exclusively  a  denomination  re- 
ferring to  ancestry  and  religious  belief  and  among  them  are  found  the  merchants  and 
tradesmen  of  the  great  banking  houses  of  the  Rothschilds  and  Baring  Bros.,  without 
whom  England  could  not  have  financed  her  war  scheme  and  loan  in  1810  in  order  to  de- 
feat Napoleon  and  make  her  the  greatest  nation  of  the  world. 

In  the  reign  of  Louis  1st,  the  German  Emperor  of  the  West  and  King  of  Paris, 
France  (  77s  to  N40).  and  his  brother  Chas.  the  Bald.  2nd  King  of  France  (S23  to  877), 
about  the  year  Mix,  Baldwin  Bras-de-Fur,  the  first  Count  of  Flanders,  built  a.  fortress  at 
Ghent  as  a  defense  against  the  Normans.  Under  the  counts  of  Flanders  it  continued 
to  prosper  and  increase  until  in  the  14th  century,  it  was  able  to  send  50,000  men  into  the 
field.  Ghent  and  Liege  a're  populous  and  interesting  towns,  the  former  noted  for  its 
belfry  375  feet  high  where  hung  the  famous  "bell  Roland"  during  the  Middle  Ages. 
From  the  time  of  Charlemagne,  it  is  said,  (Eginhard  was  the  historian  of  Karl  or  Chas. 
the  Great  Charlemagne,  who  flourished  Mi'i-N37).  throughout  the  Middle  Ages  the  ancient 
Frankish  tradition  of  Roland,  at  battle  of  Pass  of  Roncesvalles,  between  Spain  and 
France,  Aug.  15,  77S  (see  appendix),  and  the  "heroic  epic  poem"  of  this  famous  paladin, 
the  favorite  nephew  and  chieftain  of  the  Emperor  Charlemagne,  and  William  the  Con- 
queror, it  is  said,  had  this  "Song  of  Roland"  chanted  by  Taillefer  (cleave-iorn)  with 
sword  and  blasen  (horn)  at  the  head  of  his  troops  until  the  minstrel  was  slain  to  encour- 
age them  on  the  march  in  their  triumphal  entry  into  England ;  of  which  a  manuscript 
copy  of  this  "Chanson  de  Roland"  is  in  the  Bodleian  Library  at  Oxford,  England.  (Orlando 
and  Oliver  were  also  celebrated  nephews  of  Charles  1st,  as  indicated  in  earliest  history 
"of  a  Roland  for  an  Oliver."     (Shakespeare). 

Edward  3rd,  Hie  Black  Prince,  nid.  the  dau.  of  the  Count  of  Hainault  and  dis- 
tinguished himself  in  his  invasions  of  France,  defeating  the  French  king,  Philip,  at 
Crecy  in  1346  with  great  slaughter  by  first  use  of  cannon,  and  capturing  of  the  nobility 
and  royalty  of  Europe.  He  next  took  Calais,  after  a  siege  of  nearly  12  months  and 
having  expelled  the  Inhabitants  peopled  it  anew  with  English  thus  making  it  in  fact 
an  "English  city."  He  also  made  it  an  emporium  for  the  four  chief  commodities  of  his 
own  kingdom:  wool,  leather,  tin  and  lead.  By  this  policy  and  the  taking  of  Poitiers 
from  King  John  in  135G  he  was  the  means  of  preserving  this  city,  regarded  as  the  key 
to  France,  to  his  successors  for  nearly  two  centuries. 

At  Campvere,  Isle  of  Welcheren.  From  a  historical  point  of  view  Lusignan  is  a 
town  of  great  interest  from  the  contest  between  Margaret's  son,  Guy  of  Dumpiere, 
Count  of  Flanders,  and  Holland.  1303-4.  The  Flemings  were  besieged  by  Count  William. 
Prince  of  Orange,  governor  of  Holland  and  Zealand,  but  he  was  signally  defeated  Aug. 
10,  1304,  and  they  never  tried  it  again. 

Valenciennes,  in  the  department  of  Nord,  formerly  Normandy,  France,  at  the  junc- 
tion of  the  Rhonelle  and  Scheldt  on  the  northeast  coast,  founded  by  Valentinian  1st,  was 
a  residence  of  Clovis  and  it  is  hither  that  Charlemagne  summoned  his  first  assembly  of 
states  in  771  A.  D.  The  Normans  were  repulsed  from  its  fortifications  in  S81  and  it  by 
turns  belonged  to  Hainault  and  was  independent,  till  taken  by  Baldwin  of  Flanders  in 
1003.  It  espoused  the  case  of  Jean  d'Avesnes  (Avan),  Jeanne  of  Flanders,  in  1353  and 
was   unsuccessfully   besieged  by  the  Flemings.     Baldwin   9th,  of  Flanders,  Emperor  of 

148 


NOX 

IONS 





Cassel.    Earliest  French  History,     ('urn  in  Normandy.     Defeat  of  the  French  at  Poitiers. 
<"ni)t.  of  Buch  and  Cousin,  the  Earl  of  Foix. 

Constantinople,  built  his  castle  and  resided  there,  it  being  a  stronghold  of  Hainault  at 
that  stormy  time,  but  since  through  various  revolutions  has  reverted  to  France. 

Cassel,  a  town  on  the  north  border  line  ot  France  in  the  department  of  Nord  and 
arrondissement  of  Hazebrouck,  is  situated  28  miles  northwest  of  Lille  on  an  isolated  hill 
800  feet  high  which  commands  a  most  extensive  view  in  all  directions.  Portions  of  the 
four  kingdoms  of  France,  Belgium,  England  and  Germany,  can  be  seen  with  over  32 
towns  and  100  villages,  including  Lille  and  Dunkirk,  the  north  post  of  France,  bouli 
founded  by  Baldwin  3rd,  of  Flanders,  and  St.  Omer,  Ypres,  and  Ostend,  in  West  Flanders. 
The  public  buildings  comprise  a  castle,  a  commercial  college,  a  museum  and  the  man- 
sion known  as  "La  Noble  Cour  de  Cassel"  which  is  classed  among  the  historic  monu- 
ments of  France.  The  manufactures  of  the  town  are  lace,  thread,  stockings,  pottery, 
leather  and  oil  and  it  also  trades  in  cattle.  It  is  supposed  to  occupy  the  site  of  the  old 
"Castellum  Morinorum"  and  was  certainly  a  Roman  station  as  the  numerous  remains 
of  the  Gallo-Roman  period  sufficiently  attest.  It  was  in  French  Flanders  and  is 
frequently  mentioned  in  the  wars  of  the  Middle  Ages  and  it  is  the  scene  of  important 
battles  in  1071  and  1328  and  in  1677.  Apl.  11th,  the  French  defeated  the  Prince  of  Orange, 
in  which  several  of  the  Counts  of  Flanders  participated.  Count  Dominique  Vandamme, 
a  French  general  in  Napoleon's  army  (1770-1830)   was  born  there. 

In  connection  with  our  earliest  French  history  may  be  mentioned  as  among  the  old 
historic  landmarks  of  France,  Caen,  or  Cadon,  in  Normandy.  It  is  finely  situated  in  a 
valley  at  high  vantage  on  the  banks  of  the  Orne  at  the  influx  of  the  Odin  9  miles  from 
the  English  channel  with  a  harbor  and  sea  entrance,  also  on  main  line  of  railway  from 
Paris  to  Cherbourg,  with  a  population  in  1S7l'  of  city  39,415,  and  41,210  in  the  commune. 
It  is  a  handsome  and  well  built  town,  the  streets,  of  which  the  most  important  is  the 
Rue  St.  Jean,  are  wide,  straight  and  clean  and  the  houses  being  of  freestone  have  a  fine 
appearance.  Hardly  any  remains  of  its  once  extensive  ramparts  and  towers  of  antiquity 
are  now  to  be  seen  and  the  date  of  its  foundation  is  unknown.  It  existed  as  early  as 
the  9th  century  and  when  in  912,  Naustria  was  ceded  to  the  Normans  by  Chas.  the 
Simple  it  was  a  large  and  important  city.  LTnder  the  Dukes  of  Normandy  and  particu- 
larly under  William  the  Conqueror  it  rapidly  increased  and  became  the  capital  of  Lower 
Normandy  and  in  134G  was  besieged  and  taken  by  Edward  3rd.  of  England.  It  was 
again  taken  by  the  English  in  1417  and  was  retained  by  them  till  1459  when  it  was 
capitulated  to  the  French  in  whose  possession  it  has  since  continued.  The  castle 
founded  by  William  the  Conqueror  and  completed  by  Henry  1st,  is  still  standing,  en- 
larged and  altered  as  a  naval  station.  The  city  also  contains  the  University  buildings 
founded  by  Henry  8th  in  1431,  several  ancient  churches  and  other  fine  specimens  of  the 
Norman  style  of  architecture.  Among  these  are  the  Church  of  St.  Pierre,  dating  from 
the  14th  century  with  a  stone  spire  242  feet  high,  the  finest  in  Normandy,  the  magnifi- 
cent churches  of  the  Abbaye  Aux  Homines,  or  St.  Etenne,  and  the  Abbaye  Aux  Dames, 
or  Trinity,  both  founded  in  106G,  the  former  by  William  1st,  the  great  Conqueror,  where 
a  plain  grey  marble  slab  in  the  pavement  now  marks  the  long  since  desecrated  tomb, 
and  the  latter  by  his  Queen  Matilda  who  was  interred  there  in  the  land  of  their  birth 
amid  the  stirring  scenes  and  eventful   lives  of  their  ancestry. 

After  the  ignominious  defeat  of  the  French  in  the  disastrous  battle  of  Poitiers,  Sept. 
19,  1356,  John  the  Good,  King  of  France,  being  taken  a  prisoner  to  England,  the  Duke 
of  Normandy  suspecting  his  kinsman  Chas.  the  Bad,  King  of  Navarre  (Spain),  sent  for 
succor  to  his  friends  in  Flanders,  Hainault  and  Bohemia  to  protect  the  Duke  and  Duchess 
of  Orleans  and  the  ladies  and  princes  of  the  court  and  land  assembled  at  Meaux. 

After  the  defeat  of  the  French  under  King  John  2nd,  at  Poitiers  by  the  British  forces 
of  Edward  the  Black  Prince,  Sept.  19,  1356,  in  the  Jacquerie  revolt,  or  insurrection,  which 
followed  in  France  in  1358,  "As  the  Knight-errants.  Earl  of  Foix  and  his  cousin  Captal 
(or  Capet,  from  Hugh  Capet,  King  of  France,  940-996)  (Cant.)  of  Buch  were  returning 
from  a  crusade  in  Prussia  with  about  60  lancers,  being  joined  by  others,  and  although 
the  Captal  was  attached  to  the  English  he  united  with  the  Earl  to  protect  the  Duke  and 
Duchess  of  Orleans  and  the  ladies  who  had  fled  from  Chalons  to  Meaux  and  under  the 
banners  of  the  Earl  and  Duke  and  pennon  of  the  brave  Knight,  the  Chief  of  Buch,  with 
his  60  lancers  being  joined  at  every  step  to  the  extent  of  9,000  men  entered  Paris  and 
it  and  Meaux  being  nearly  surrounded  by  the  river  Marne  subdued  and  drove  out  the 
intruders."      ( Sieur  Jean   Foissart,   French   Chronicler,    1337-1410). 

149 


Brave  Knight,  the  Chief  of  Tiiieh.     llastoii  .Inl.  Hurl  of  Foi.r.     House  of  I'oi.r  Marries  into 

that   Of    Navarre.     Piers  of  John  Be   Grain ii.   Capt.    De    Bucke,   K.    (1.     Seaver  R.   Buck. 

Peter  and  Mary  Banyott.     "The  Belfrii  of  Bruges." 

Gaston  3rd,  son  of  Gaston  2nd.  1335-78,  Earl  of  Foix  (surnamed  Phoebus,  for  his 
beauty),  a  descendant  of  Roger  Bernard  2nd.  the  Great,  1170-1278,  nephew  of  Peter 
Roger,  Count  of  Carcassonne,  was  the  most  famous  of  the  old  Foix  family.  Under  the 
Kings  of  France  he  was  governor  of  Languedoc  and  Gascony.  In  134G  he  md.  Agnes  of 
Navarre,  sister  of  Chas.  the  Pad,  and  resided  in  his  castle  at  Mazares  where  he  enter- 
tained Chas.  Cth,  the  Peloved  in  1390  and  died  same  year.  As  a  Gascon  Knight  he  was 
in  the  wars  against  the  English  in  1345  and  the  heretics  in  Prussia  in  1  357  and  on  his 
return  with  his  cousin  Captl  (Capt.)  of  Buch,  in  1358,  they  assisted  in  releasing  the 
royal  princess  from  the  hands  of  the  Jacquerie  at  Meaux,  and  in  the  subsequent  battle 
of  Launac  in  1372.  He  died  in  1378.  His  title,  estates  and  dominion  extended  to  his 
sister's  husband's  son  Jean  de  Grailly  in  1412.  who  became  Gov.  Gen.  of  Languedoc, 
Auvergne  and  Gaienne,  and  in  143C  his  son  Jean  2nd,  was  raised  to  the  peerage  of 
France  and  the  courtship  of  Carcassonne,  Roussillon  and  Cerdagne,  and  on  his  death  in 
1472  the  house  of  Foix  became  merged  in  that  of  Navarre.  ( Enc.  Brit.,  9th  ed.,  vol.  9. 
page  35  I  I. 

Piers,  or  John  de  Grailly.  capt.  de  Bucke,  K.  G.  (Knighted  by  Edward  3rd)  who 
died  in  137G  was  undoubtedly  of  this  family  and  the  one  mentioned  above,  and  it  is 
likely  Seaver  R.  Buck,  Headmaster  of  the  Berkshire  School,  Sheffield,  Mass.,  as  well  as 
the  Peter  Buck  family  of  Norway,  Maine,  descendants  of  Peter  and  .Mary  Banyott,  French 
Huguenots  who  fled  after  revocation  of  Edict  of  Nantes,  Ms.".,  to  Holland  and  then  to 
England  where  they  adopted  the  name  of  Buck,  coming  to  America  about  1X00,  settling 
in  Worcester,  Mass..  a  promising  bearer  of  worthy  name,  may  lie  of  the  same  family 
exchanging  the  name  in  translation  from  the  old  French  to  the  English,  or  taking  the 
name  of  the  wife  or  mother's  family,  as  was  often  the  ruse  there  in  England,  or  in 
going  from  one  country  to  another  from  change  of  language  as  frequently  happens  and 
from   various  oilier  causes. 

THE   BELFRY   OF   BRUGES. 
lis   Henry  W.  Longfellow,  the  greatest  of  American  poets,  born  at  Portland.  Me.,  lsnT, 
died  ai  Cambridge,  Mass..  in  1882. 

In  the  market  place  at   Bruges,  stands  the  belfry  old  and  brown; 

Thrice  consumed  and  thrice  rebuilded,  still  ii   watches  o'er  the  town. 

As  the  summer  morn  was  breaking,  on   that   lofty  tower  I  stood. 

And  iho  world  threw  off  the  darkness,  like  the   weeds  of  widowhood. 

Thick  with   towns  and   hamlets  Studded  and   with   Streams   anil   vapors  gray, 

Like  a  shield  embossed  with  silver,  round  and  vast  the  landscape  lay. 

At   my  foil   the  citj    slumbered      From   its  chimneys  here  and  there, 

Wreaths  of  snow-white  smoke  ascending,   vanished   ghostlike  into  air. 

Not  a  sound  rose  from  the  city  ai  that  earlj   morning  hour. 

But  I  heard  a  heart  of  iron,  beating  in  that  ancient   lower. 

From  their  nests  beneath  the  rafters,  sang  the  swallows  wild  and  high; 

And  the  world  beneath  me  sleeping,  seemed  more  distant  than  the  sky. 

Then  most  musical  and  solemn,  bringing  back  the  olden  times. 

With  their  strange  unearthly  changes  rang  the  melancholy  chimes. 

Like  the  psalms  for  some  old  cloister,  when  the  nuns  sang  in  the  choir; 

And  the  great  bell  tolled  among  them,  like  the  chanting  of  a  friar. 

Visions  of  the  .lays  departed,  shadowy  phantoms  filled   my  brain; 

They  who  live  in  history  only,  seemed  to  walk  the  earth  again: 

All   the  Foresters  of  Flanders,  mighty  Baldwin,   Bras  de   Per, 

Liderick  du  Bucq  and  Cressy,  Philip,  Guy  de  Dampierre. 

I  beheld  the  pageants  splendid,  that  adorned  those  days  of  old; 

Stately  dames,  like  queens  attended,  Knights  who  bore  the  Fleece  of  Cold, 

Lombard  and  Venetian  merchants  with  deep  laden  argosies. 

Ministers  from  twenty  nations;   more  than   royal   pomp  and  ease. 

I  beheld  proud  Maximilian,  kneeling  humbly  on  the  ground; 

I  beheld  the  gentle  Mary,  hunting  with  the  hawk  and  hound; 

And  the  lighted  bridal  chamber,  where  a  duke  slept  with  a  queen. 

And  the  armed  guard  around  them,  and  the  sword  unsheathed  between 

I  beheld  the  Flemish  weavers,  with  Namur  and  Julius  bold, 

150 


Earliest    English   History  from    Alfred   the   Great.     Brut   and    His    Trojans.     Worte    De 

Arthur.    Arthur's  Seat  and  Court.     His  Grandfather  and  Descendants.    White  Horse  of 

Saxony.     Cambrian  Merlin.     Walter,  Chronicler  of  the  Plantagenets. 

Marching  homeward  from  the  bloody  battle  of  the  Spurs  of  Gold ; 
Saw  the  fight  at  Minnewater,  saw  the  White  Hoods  moving  west, 
Saw  great  Artevelde  victorious  scale  the  Golden  Dragon's  nest. 
And  again  the  whiskered  Spaniard  all  the  land  with  terror  smote; 
And  again  the  wild  alarum  sounded  from  the  tocsin's  throat; 
Till  the  bell  of  Ghent  responded  o'er  lagoon  and  dike  of  sand, 
"I  am  Roland!      I  am  Roland!   there  is  victory  in  the  land!'' 
Then  the  sound  of  drums  aroused  me.     The  awakened  city's  roar, 
Chased  the  phantoms  I  had  summoned  back  into  their  graves  once  more. 
Hours  had  passed  away  like  minutes;  and  before  I  was  aware 
Lo!  the  shadow  of  the  belfry  crossed  the  sun-illumined  square. 

From  Alfred  the  Great,  the  Danish  kings,  Sweyn,  Canute  and  Hardicanute,  settled 
Danelagh  (Dane-law)  and  held  the  English  throne  from  1013  to  1040,  to  time  of  Edward 
the  Confessor.  Edmund  2d,  called  Edmund  Ironsides,  the  last  king  of  the  Anglo  Saxons 
ruled  from  989  to  1016. 

Bede  the  Venerable  (673-735  A.  D.)  as  he  was  called  a  famous  English  monk  of  the 
8th  century,  the  father  of  English  history,  the  most  learned  Englishman  and  most  emi- 
nent writer  of  his  age  was  bn.  about  673  in  Monkwearmouth,  N.  E.  Durham,  and  by  the 
ancient  bards  of  Wales,  the  Saxon  Chronicle,  in  which  the  history  of  England  is  brought 
down  to  the  death  of  King  Stephen  in  1154. 

Roman  de  Brut  in  1155  finished  in  French  Layamon's  semi-Saxon  chronicle.  The 
long  rhymed  Chronicle  by  Robert  of  Gloucester,  who  flourished  about  1300  and  I  lie  still 
longer  one  by  Robert  Manning  or  Robert  de  Brunne,  who  wrote  some  years  later,  [iotli 
these  writers  traverse  the  whole  field  of  English  history,  mythical  and  veritable,  from 
Brut  and  his  Trojans  down  to  Henry  3d  and  Edward  1st. 

Among  the  most  important  of  the  numerous  books  which  issued  from  the  celebrated 
Caxton  press  (1470-1490)  was  the  Morte  d'Arthur,  by  Sir  Thomas  Malory,  a  prose  com- 
pendium of  the  poetical  legends  concerning  King  Arthur  and  his  Knights  of  the  Round 
Table. 

The  translation  of  Foissart's  Chronicle  by  Lord  Berners  which  appeared  in  1523-25 
was  not  unworthy  of  the  rich  and  glowing  original.  (Prof.  James  Hadley,  LL.  D.,  Yale 
Coll.,  1884.     See  Hist.  Eng.  Language,  Web.  Diet.,  Rev.  Ed.,  1884). 

"The  Byrth,  Lyfe  and  Acts  of  King  Arthur."  (an  undying  name  in  romance  if  not 
in  history).  Collected  by  Thos.  Malory  in  1470,  and  printed  by  Wm.  Caxton  in  English 
in  1485.  "King  Arthur  of  the  Round  Table."  The  Hero  and  Celtic  chieftain  Arthur,  son 
of  the  King  of  Igerna.  a  prince  of  the  Silures,  510-542.  elected  King  of  Britain  at  the  age 
of  15,  was  king  32  years  in  the  time  of  the  Saxon  invasions  of  the  5th  and  fith  centuries 
and  is  reputed  to  have  led  the  Christian  tribes  of  Britain  in  12  pitched  battles  against,  and 
checked  and  quelled  the  Saxons  at  Badburg  in  Dorsetshire  and  Mt.  Baden,  Wessex,  in 
south  of  England  and  elsewhere,  was  bn.  at  the  castle  of  Astolot,  Guilford,  on  the  Thames 
about  30  miles  S.  W.  of  London  and  held  his  court  at  various  places. 

Arthur's  seat  or  court  at  Salisbury  Craigs,  Scot.,  one  of  the  seven  legions  with 
Caerleon.  31-,  miles  north  of  Newport  in  Monmouthshire.  Eng..  as  the  capital  Roman 
city  of  the  legions  founding  Damonia  or  West  Wales,  Cambria  or  Wales,  and  Strath 
Clyde  or  North  Wales,  and  Camelol  or  Winchester,  Hampshire,  Eng.  At  Mons  Bodonicus, 
Badburg  in  Dorsetshire,  it  is  reported,  there  King  Arthur  defeated  Cedric  in  520  A.  It. 
at  Mt.  Baden  in  510,  in  Wessex,  in  Bath,  in  south  of  England. 

His  grandfather,  Aurelues  Emrys,  a  descendant  of  the  last  Roman  general  who 
claimed  the  purple  as  emperor  of  Britain,  was  succeeded  by  Uther  I'endragon  (destroyer 
of  the  dragon),  legendary  King  of  Britain  and  is  said  to  be  buried  on  Dragon  Hill  in  I  lie 
N.  W.  of  Bucks  Co.,  near  Uffington  Castle  of  Danish  construction,  and  in  the  same  vicinity 
at  Wantage,  Berkshire,  is  the  rude  figure  of  what  is  called  the  "White  Horse  of  Saxony," 
which  still  remains  carved  in  the  chalk  downs  of  western  England  although  it  bears  a 
greater  resemblance  to  a  greyhound. 

The  Cambrian  Merlin,  son  of  Constans  and  father  of  Arthur,  at  Venta  Belgarum  or 
Winchester,  some  say  Camelot,  now  Queen  Carmel,  in  Somersetshire,  where  Arthur  also 
held  his  court  and  it  is  said  bequeathed  his  round  table  at  last.  Walter  or  Wa.ce 
chronicler  of  the  Plantagenets,   who  wrote   in  French,   in   his   two   principal   historical 

161 


Chrestien  De  Troyes.  Camber,  Son  of  Brutus,  Son  of  Ascanius,  Son  of  Aeneas.  Line 
of  Descent.     Foundation   of  London.     Arthur's  Capital.     Guinevere.     Sir  Galahad,  Bors 

De  Cuius  and  Perceval. 

works  presumes  that  a  certain  Brutus,  a  son  of  Ascanius  and  grandson  of  Aeneas,  settled 
in  Britain  and  became  its  first  king,  at  or  before  the  first  invasion  and  ravages  of 
Caesar,  55  B.  C.  Robert  Wace,  bn.  in  Jersey,  Isle  of  France,  was  a  clerk-lisant  and 
trour-re  of  the  12th  century  (1120-80),  studied  at  Caen  and  received  from  Henry  2d  a 
probund  at  Bayeux,  with  other  gifts,  wrote  (with  his  father  and  grandfather's  help) 
the  long  romance  of  "Roman  de  Brut"  and  "Rou  or  Rollo"  both  of  which  are  interesting 
monuments  of  Norman  French  of  the  8th  century,  while  the  latter  is  a  document  of  some 
importance  for  English  history. 

Chrestien  de  Troyes,  French  poet,  1150-1200.  Champagnes,  France,  in  the  11th 
century  of  the  court  and  dedicated  to  Philip  of  Alsace,  Count  of  Flanders,  was  the  author 
of  several  of  the  romances  of  the  connection  of  the  "Holy  Grail"  and  the  "Round  Table" 
legends,  which  enjoyed  such  an  immense  popularity  in  the  Middle  Ages,  translations  and 
imitations  of  which  have  appeared  in  English,  French,  German,  Spanish,  Italian  and 
Flemish. 

Camber,  son  of  Brutus,  was  King  of  Cambria,  Wales.  Brutus  at  his  death  left  the 
Isle  to  his  three  sons,  one  of  whom  Cambria,  received  the  western  part  and  Albania, 
(now  Scotland)  named  from  Albranact.  who  received  the  northern  portion  of  the  Is- 
land, Albion  nr  Britain,  from  his  father  Brutus;  and  left  Loerine,  the  Kingdom  of  Loegria, 
or  Logris,  now  England. 

From  them  the  line  of  descent  is  given  very  minutely  down  to  Cadwallader,  son  of 
Cadwallo,  who  died  at  Rome  shortly  before  the  year  700  A.  D.  The  tradition  that  ac- 
cording to  Geoffrey  of  Monmouth's  history  of  the  Britons,  1126,  in  Latin,  then  follows. 
The  French  derived  their  nation  from  Francis,  son  of  Hector,  claiming  their  descent 
from  the  Trojan  fugitive,  and  the  British  from  Brutus,  son  of  Ascanius  and  grandson  of 
Aeneas,  who  fled  from  Troy  after  its  downfall,  first  to  Italy  and  afterward  to  Britain 
where  he  founded  in  Albion  the  city  of  New  Troy.  Caerlud,  a  descendant  of  Brutus  and 
succeeded  by  his  son  Caswallon,  whom  Caesar  defeated  in  his  2d  invasion  of  Britain,  54 
B.  C,  afterward  Londinium,  Luds-town,  or  London,  at  first  called  Troy-Nouvant,  and 
afterward  enlarged  and  availed  by  Caerlud  or  i.nd,  represented  as  a  brave  and  warlike 
monarch,  genial  in  disposition,  festive  in  his  habits  and  popular,  and  who  is  buried  at 
Ludgate,  a  part  of  London,  being  the  last  of  the  Trojan  Kings.  "For  noble  Britons 
sprang  from  Trojans'  hold.  And  Troy-nou-vanl  i  I  ondon  )  was  built  of  Troy's  ashes  cold." 
Arthur's  12  battles  were  1st  at  River  Glem,  Glen  of  Northumberland;  4  battles  at  the 
Duglas.  ;i  branch  of  the  Kibble;  6th  Battle  of  Bassa  or  Bashal  Brook,  a  branch  of  the 
same;  7th  Battle  of  Calidon  or  Tweed-dale;  8th  Battle  of  Castle  Gwenion  (Caer  Wen.)  in 
Weddale  Stow;  9th  Battle  of  Caerleon,  upon  the  Usk;  loth  Battle  of  Trath  Trevoit  in 
Anglesey,  or  Solway  Firth;  11th  Battle  of  Agned  Cathregonion  or  Edinburgh;  and  12th 
Battle  of  Badon  Hill  or  Hill  of  Bath.  Bannerdown,  south   England. 

Arthur's  capital  where  he  was  crowned  was  at  the  "City  of  Legions,"  Isca  Silerum, 
"Caerleon,"  "Castle  of  the  Legion,"  in  Monmouthshire,  on  the  river  Usk  near  Newport. 
Uther's  "Pendragon-Castle"  (father  of  Arthur  I  is  in  S.  E.  Westmoreland  Co.,  below 
Kirkby  Stephen,  near  Yorkshire  line  and  King  Arthur's  Round  Table  "circular  earth- 
works" in  N.  E.  Westmoreland  near  Clifton,  so  well  as  that  "lofty  oval  mound"  at  Caerleon 
in  south  Monmouth  near  Newport  and  the  sea  with  extended  view  of  Welsh  border  and 
English  country  round.  The  "Round  Table,"  a  large  circular  marble,  was  given  to  King 
Arthur  as  his  wife  Guinevere's  dowry  by  her  lather.  Levdegran,  King  of  Camelian,  Scot- 
land, who  had  it  of  Uther,  as  an  heirloom,  around  which  all  the  brave  Knights  with  their 
King  at  the  head  assembled  in  council.  Guinevere  was  very  beautiful,  "in  beauty  sur- 
passed all  the  women  of  all  the  realm,"  and  descended  from  a  noble  family  of  Roma  lis. 
was  educated  under  Duke  Cador,  and  whom  Arthur  loved  at  lirst  sight   and  married. 

King  Arthur's  castle,  "Tentagel."  at  Caerleon,  on  the  Usk  in  Wales,  stands  on  the 
high  rocky  coast  four  miles  N.  W.  of  Camelford,  on  the  N.  W.  of  Cornwall,  where  with 
his  beautiful  wife  Guinevere  he  lived  in  splendid  state  surrounded  by  150  brave  knights 
and  beautiful  ladies  who  served  as  patterns  of  valor,  breeding  and  grace  to  all  the  world. 
From  his  court  knights  went  out  to  all  countries  to  protect  women,  chastise  oppressors 
and  liberate  the  distressed  and  engage  in  other  chivalrous  adventures.  Sir  Galahad, 
Bors  de  Ganis  and  Perceval  were  the  rival  heroes,  spending  their  lives  ardently  engaged 
in  the  quest  of  the  "Sengreal"  or  "Holy  Grail"  which  Joseph  of  Arimathea  had  long  hid- 
den from  mortal  sight  on  account  of  the  wickedness  of  the  times,  had  lately  been  re- 

152 


Joseph  of  Arimathea.     Lancelot.     "Crown  of  Thorns."     Holy  Grail.     English  Hawthorn  at 
Cathedral  Heights.     Inspiring  Legends.     Arthur's  Forebears.     Battle  "I  Camlan.    Anglo- 
Saxons  from  Freisians.     Descent  of  Cornish-British  Kings. 

vealed  and  reinstated,  who  was  said  to  have  wandered  into  Britain  in  the  year  63  and 
with  his  flowing  staff  (of  "Hawthorn")  and  indicated  the  spot  where  Glastonbury  Abbey 
should  be  built.  Its  ruins  are  still  extensive  and  the  subsequent  settlement  of  his  kindred 
in  "Isle  of  Avalon,"  Glastonbury,  Somserset  Co.,  25  miles  S.  W.  of  Bath,  formed  by  the 
river  Brue  or  Brent,  near  Bristol  channel,  brought  into  Britain  by  his  son,  the  crowning 
adventure  of  Arthur's  chivalry  and  renown. 

It  was  1900  years  ago,  in  the  year  G3  A.  I).,  Joseph  of  Arimathea  and  eleven  dis- 
ciples sent  over  from  Gaul  by  St.  Philip  came  to  this  district  and  sought  to  convert  the 
British  King  Arviragus,  the  venerated,  at  "Vetusta  Ecclesia,"  on  the  site  of  the  Glaston- 
bury Abbey,  now  in  ruins  35  miles  from  Bristol  and  131  from  London  in  Somersetshire. 

Lancelot  was  the  son  of  King  Pillimore;  Galahad,  son  of  Lancelot,  by  his  faith, 
purity  and  moral  courage,  regained  the  Holy  Grail. 

One  of  the  Apocryphal  gospels  mentioned  the  cup,  the  "Holy  Cup,"  which  had  been 
used  at  the  "Last  Supper."  and  tradition  told  that  Joseph  of  Arimathea  had  brought  this 
into  England  together  with  one  of  the  thorns  from  the  "Crown  of  Thorns"  which,  planted 
at  Glastonbury,  had  grown.  Perhaps  a  thorn-apple  seed  from  parent  tree.  Although  it 
is  not  generally  known,  a  slip  from  the  veritable  old  Glastonbury  Thorn  is  growing  in 
the  gardens  of  the  Cathedral,  Georgetown  Heights,  Wash..  D.  C,  now  known  as  the  "Eng- 
lish Hawthorn."  Thus  by  weaving  together  the  finest  legends  of  the  people,  by  infusing 
them  with  the  loftiest  sentiments  of  chivalry,  and  inspiring  them  with  a  fine  spiritual 
purport,  various  legends  and  traditions  have  gathered  around  the  "Hawthorn"  and  it 
has  been  regarded  by  many  as  an  emblem  of  "hope  and  immortality." 

Sir  Lancelot  was  one  of  the  most  famous  of  the  Knights,  having  been  reared  and  edu- 
cated at  the  court  of  Vivian,  mistress  of  the  enchanter  Merlin  and  better  known  as  the 
"Lady  of  the  Lake,"  and  with  "Her  head  thrown  back,  her  lips  apart  like  statuette  of 
Grecian  art,"  through  the  love  of  Elaine  of  the  "Isle  of  Avalon"  dan.  of  King  Pelles.  and 
the  lamentations  of  the  fair  maid  of  Astelot,  the  dau.  of  Sir  Benard,  with  his  brothers. 
Sir  Tirre  and  Sir  Lavine,  and  Sir  Gawain,  the  strong  and  how  she  died  for  his  love,  for- 
saken and  bereft;  and  for  his  amours  of  Queen  Guinevere  and  the  exploits  he  undertook 
for  her  sake. 

Igerna,  the  beautiful  wife  of  Gerolis,  Duke  of  Tintadiel  or  Tinlaggel  in  Cornwall  was 
the  mother  of  Arthur  by  Uther,  who  being  in  semblance  or  counterpart  of  Gerolis  "did 
thus  circumvent"  the  liuke's  wife  for  whom  he  had  conceived  a  violent  passion  and 
afterwards  slew  Gerolis  in  mortal  combat  and  so  married  her. 

At  Camlan  in  Cornwall  was  the  scene  of  a  battle  between  King  Arthur  and  Mordred, 
his  nephew,  in  542  when  both  were  slain.  The  West  Saxons,  also  under  Egbert,  bad  a 
battle  here  in  823  with  Ambrosius,  the  Britons  claiming  suseranity  under  Gawayne,  who 
was  slain. 

The  Welsh  remained  independent  under  petty  princes  until  1282  when  Edward  1st 
conquered  them  in  his  conquest  and  settlement  of  Wales. 

The  earliest  Teutonic  settlers  in  the  north  of  England  were  Fresians.  a  tribe  of 
Saxons  and  Angles  of  Aryan  or  Anglo  European  or  German  Celtic  origin  of  high  antiq- 
uity from  which  came  the  Anglo-Saxon  name. 

The  family  of  Uther.  or  Arthur,  is  said  to  have  descended  from  Aeneas.  Ascanius, 
Silvius  and  Brutus  and  the  early  pedigree  of  Cornish-British  Kings.  Brut  or  Brutus,  the 
euphonious  Trojan  hero,  who  found  his  way  to  Britain,  flourishe  I  in  Geoffrey  of  Mon- 
mouth. Garman,  Wace.  Layamon  and  other  chroniclers.  In  Edward's  time,  1298.  in 
political  faction,  the  popular  story  of  Brute  the  Trojan,  from  whose  eldest  son,  Locrinus, 
he  claimed  descent  and  therefore  superiority  over  the  Scottish  Kings,  sprung  from  the 
second  son,  Albanactus,  as  well  as  those  of  Wales  descended  from  Camber,  the  third  son, 
prevailed  and  was  fought  for  and  established. 

King  Arthur  died  in  542  A.  D.  at  Camlan  in  Cambria,  or  Glastonbury,  and  is  buried 
at  Avelon  (Apple  Orchard),  Glevum  or  Gloucestershire,  and  gave  up  the  crown  of  Britain 
to  his  kinsman  Constantine,  the  son  of  Cador,  Duke  of  Cornwall.  The  "Isle  of  Avelon" 
now  extends  from  Glastonbury  Tor.  to  the  "Ploden  cliffs"  in  hills  and  vales  rising  above 
the  plain  of  Segemoor.  It  was  said  as  early  as  the  ICth  century  that  the  Sepulcher  of  his 
Queen  Guanhumara  (Guinevere),  is  at  Meigle  in  Strathmore,  "Stonehengo,"  the  great 
circular  cromlech  on  Salisbury  Plain  in  South  Wiltshire,  England,  which  was  erected  as 
a  monumental  sepulcher  by  Aurelius  Ambroseus,  brother  of  Uther  Pendragon,  the  father 
of  King  Arthur,  to  the  memory  of  the   British  princes  treacherously   slain    near   there 

153 


Stonehenge.  Hengist  Invasion.  LocJi  Katherine.  Excalibar.  An  Historical  Arthur. 
Abbey's  Panel  Pictures.  Powys'  Castle.  Baldwin  (Buck)  Lieut,  of  the  Marches.  The 
Baldwins    (Buck  Descendants)    in    England.     Archbishop   Baldwin.     Baldwin    (Buck)    of 

Redvers.     Haverford  West. 

at  Amesbury  by  Hengist,  the  Saxon  invader  of  Britain  in  the  5th  century,  all  of  whom 
are  buried  there,  within  the  Druid's  circle  as  well  as  Constantine,  the  successor  of  King 
Arthur.  (Recent  excavations  have  found  the  remains  of  a  Cathedral  in  Stonehenge  which 
has  done  away  with  much  of  the  Druidatic  fallacy.  Remains  of  a  Cathedral  being  ex- 
cavated at  Salisbury,  England  in  1890.  They  have  been  covered  for  a  thousand  years. 
Carved  figures  and  pottery  of  the  Norman  period  have  been  unearthed.  In  the  Tros- 
sachs  between  Glasgow  and  Edinburgh.,  near  Stirling  Castle,  is  Loch  Katherine  and  in 
center  "Ellen's  Isle"  of  the  "Lady  of  the  Lake,"  enchanted  land  of  Highland  chiefs  as 
embodied  in  this  narration. 

Homeric  warriors  had  fought  with  weapons  of  bronze  and  Arthur  with  his  ir- 
resistible sword  "Excalibar"  and  his  staunch  Welsh  spearsmen  seems  to  have  proved  to 
them  at  least,  that  he  was  not  a  myth,  but  a  man  able  to  break  the  heathen  and  uphold 
the  Christ,  the  legend  of  whose  deeds  done  and  recited  in  camp  and  castle  have  won 
applause  and  come  down  to  us  retold  in  Tennyson's  "Idylls  of  the  King"  by  the  poet 
laureate  of  England,  of  Lincolnshire  Wolds. 

An  historical  Arthur  is  regarded  as  having  been  a  6th  century  leader  by  such  Eng- 
lish historians  as  Dr.  T.  R.  Nash,  1726-1811;  Dr.  Robert  Burton.  1577-1640;  Dr.  George 
Chalmers.  1742-1825;  and  Sir  Walter  Scott,  1771-1832;  as  well  as  other  authorities.  (Enc. 
Brit.  2-651).  Among  these  Edwin  A.  Abbey,  bn.  in  Philadelphia.  Pa.,  April  1st,  1852, 
most  famous  of  English-American  artists.  In  the  Boston  Public  Library  may  be  seen  his 
celebrated  panel  pictures  of  "the  Holy  Grail  being  Carried  Overseas,"  "The  Quest  of 
the  Holy  Grail,"  and  "Galahad,  the  Deliverer."  It  took  him  11  years  to  finish  these 
splendid  panels  in  his  elaborate  studio  at  Fairford,  Gloucestershire,  Eng.  He  died  in 
Eng.,  Aug.  1st.  1911,  leaving  many  historical  pictures  of  great  repute  in  this  country 
and  copies  of  the  above  may  also  be  seen  among  the  historical  series  of  the  New  Na- 
tional Museum,  Wash.,  D.  C. 

In  the  time  of  William  the  Conqueror,  Powys  Castle  was  founded  by  Baldwin.  Lieut. 
of  the  Marches  to  William  the  Conqueror,  in  1098  to  overawe  the  Welsh  on  the  English 
border,  which  was  wrested  from  him  in  1108  by  the  Welsh,  but  recaptured  by  Roger 
d'Montgomery,  Earl  of  Arundel  and  Shrewsbury,  the  next  year  and  is  now  known  as  the 
"Bishop's  Castle,"  and  the  town  as  Montgomery  after  him.  the  country  bordering  on 
England  being  first  known  as  Powys.  Welsh  flannel  manufacture  is  now  extensively  car- 
ried on  at  Welshpool  and  Montgomery. 

Baldwin.  Lieut,  of  the  Marches,  and  William  Rufus,  son  of  William  the  Conqueror, 
were  the  founders  of  a  castle  and  town  on  the  Vernway.  a  branch  of  the  Severn,  in  West 
Wales;  and  Baldwin,  Earl  of  Devon,  established  a  priory  there  at  Breamore,  Hants,  in 
the  12th  century.  Thomas  Baldwin,  a  descendant,  a  celebrated  English  prelate  of  the 
12th  century,  bn.  in  Exeter,  became  a  Cisterian  monk  and  "Minorite"  in  Devon  and  rose 
from  Abbot  to  Bishop. 

Baldwin  (Thomas),  Archbishop  of  Canterbury  from  11S5  to  1190,  wrote  various 
treatises  on  religious  subjects  and  laid  the  foundation  of  the  Arch-episcopal  palace  at 
Lambeth.  In  1189  he  crowned  King.  Richard  1st.  at  Westminster,  and  two  years  later 
made  a  pilgrimage  through  Wales  preaching  the  Crusades,  and  followed  that  prince  to 
the  Holy  Land  where  he  died  at  the  siege  of  Ptoemais,  or  Jean  d'Acre,  near  Jerusalem, 
of  whom  Baldwin  Bastard,  Esq.,  of  Buckland  Court  on  the  river  Dart  in  Devon  is  a  de- 
scendant being  of  Baldwins  of  Aston-Clinton  near  Buckland.  Bucks  Co..  Eng.,  and  also 
from  which  are  descended  John  and  Thomas  Baldwin  early  settlers  of  Stonington,  Ct. 

Baldwin  (Buck)  of  Redvers  occupied  Exeter  in  Stephen's  reign  and  also  after  the 
conquest  the  Norman  Earldom  of  the  walled  town  of  Chester,  on  the  river  Dee,  which  he 
granted  to  Gerbod,  a  noble  Fleming,  for  the  reduction  of  the  hostile  Welsh.  Earl  Bald- 
win had  figured  with  him  in  the  previous  history  of  Flanders. 

Haver-ford-west,  capital  of  Pembroke  Co.,  seaport  and  market  town  of  Wales,  is  on 
the  West  Cladden  River,  8  miles  N.  E.  of  Milford.  The  Flemings  settled  here  in  the 
reign  of  Henry  1st.  It  is  a  highly  picturesque  town  with  several  adjacent  boroughs  on 
the  sides  and  at  the  foot  of  several  steep  hills  with  castle  and  keep  of  the  first  Earl  of 
Pembroke.  Gilbert  de  Clare,  of  the  14th  century. 

Carnarvon  Castle,  4  miles  from  Portsmouth,  is  one  of  the  oldest  and  most  interest- 
ing to  be  seen  in  all  England.  "A  text  book  of  Medieval  Architecture  from  its  begin- 
ning to  its  ending,  that  carries  us  back  to  the  Old  English  or  even  to  the  pre-Medieval 
Age."  (Says  Prof.  E.  A.  Freeman,  D.  C.  L..  and  LL.  D..  of  Oxford  and  Cambridge.  Eng., 
1823). 

154 


Snowdon.     Owen   Glen&ower.     Ruthen.     Carduel  Cathedral  Built   by   Walter,  a   Norman 
Buck.     Gloucester  Cathedral.     St.  Mary's.     Exeter  cathedral.    Stephen,  King  o]  England. 

Reign.     St.  Albans  A  bbey.     Rye. 

From  a  rocky  height  near  Uxbridge  there  is  a  fine  view  of  Snowdon  and  the  Isle  of 
Anglesia  with  their  mountain  fastnesses,  the  scene  of  Owen  Glendower,  Welsh  chieftain's 
(1357-1416)  marvelous  exploits,  in  1404  committing  terrible  ravages  in  the  districts  un- 
der the  sway  of  the  marches,  or  where  Norman  castles  overawed  the  natives,  but  in  140S 
he  was  defeated  and  his  residences  destroyed  and  laid  waste,  a  fine  and  populous  coun- 
try of  Ruthen,  and  driven  back  to  Snowdon. 

The  Cathedral  Church  at  Carduel,  Carlisle,  North  Cumberland,  was  built  by  Walter, 
a  Norman  (Buck)  in  1092  and  has  4  canons,  founded  by  William  Rufus,  or  William  2d, 
King  of  England,  second  son  of  William  1st  the  Conqueror,  bn.  in  Normandy  in  1056. 
and  was  dedicated  by  Henry  1st  in  1101,  was  destroyed  by  fire  in  1292,  but  subsequently 
restored  and  superseded  by  a  fine  modern  castellated  edifice  of  Gothic  rennaissance  in  a 
later  style  of  old  English  architecture  and  is  now  justly  celebrated  for  its  "east  win- 
dow," the  finest  decorated,  and  "its  choir,"  one  of  the  finest  in  England,  pointed,  geomet- 
ric and  flowing. 

The  prosperity  of  the  century  following  the  entry  of  William  the  Conqueror  into 
England  witnessed  an  outburst  of  architectural  energy  which  covered  the  land  with 
cathedrals  and  castles  of  Teutonic  and  Medieval  splendor.  It  is  claimed  that  the  Gothic 
style  of  architecture  was  imported  from  the  East  during  the  crusades  and  brought  into 
England  with  the  Normans  just  after  the  conquest.  For  witness.  195  churches  and  edi- 
fices were  built  during  the  reigns  of  William  1st  and  his  sons  in  the  Norman  Gothic  style 
which  in  1174  superseded  and  prevailed.  Few  structures  can  be  seen  more  beautiful 
than  the  graceful  and  elegant  spires  of  Gloucester  Cathedral  or  of  St.  Mary's  at  Taun- 
ton, or  the  imposing  and  classical  elegance  throughout  of  the  Exeter  Cathedral,  to  the 
incomparable  period  of  1666  when  the  works  of  Sir  Christopher  Wren,  with  his  splendid 
genius  and  fine  taste,  still  standing  unrivalled,  as  he  was  original  and  which  have  been 
models  for  art  imitation  and  study,  as  they  were  objects  of  admiration,  unsurpassed 
at  any  other  period. 

Henry  2d  was  a  patron  of  learning  and  art  and  many  Gothic  edifices  of  great 
splendor  were  erected  during  his  reign.      (E.  A.  Freeman). 

Stephen,  King  of  England.  1135  to  1154,  (the  last  of  the  Anglo-Norman  line),  bn. 
1105,  died  in  Dover  Oct.  25,  1154,  was  the  3d  son  of  Stephen,  Count  of  Blois,  by  Adele. 
dau.  of  William  the  Conqueror,  and  nephew  of  Henry  1st,  and  married  in  1128,  Mahout, 
or  Matilda,  dau.  of  Eustice  3d  count  of  Boulogne  and  youngest  brother  of  Godfrey  of 
Bouillon.  She  died  May  3d,  1151.  Being  in  England  on  the  death  of  Henry  1st  he 
seized  on  the  crown  and  royal  coffers  to  the  prejudice  of  Henry's  dau.,  Matilda,  and  was 
crowned  in  1135.  It  is  said,  in  the  short  and  weak  reign  of  Stephen,  under  the  "Feudal 
System"  no  less  than  1115  castles  and  "Adulterated  castles,"  as  they  were  called  and 
usually  given  (365  accurately)  without  royal  license,  for  the  Barons  and  brave  Knights 
from  which  to  sally  forth  to  settle  property  and  family  disputes  or  ravages  and  plunder, 
were  built  in  England  for  safety  and  protection.  They  were  the  necessary  outgrowth  of 
the  time,  for  defenseless  people  were  only  too  thankful  then  to  rally  round  any  powerful 
chief  or  overlord's  castle  in  baronial  days  who  built  a  stronghold  and  offered  them  pro- 
tection. England  being  literally  dotted  all  over  with  monasteries,  abbeys,  castles  and 
baronial  halls.  Among  the  monastic  ruins,  the  pile  of  St.  Albans  Abbey,  in  Hertford, 
founded  in  793  in  honor  of  the  first  Christian  martyr  of  Great  Britain  is  still  to  be  seen. 
Baldoc  on  old  "Ickneild  way."  a  Roman  road,  built  by  the  Romans  sometime  in  the  first 
Christian  era  in  North  Hertford,  South  Britain,  a  handsome  Gothic  building  supposed  to 
have  been  erected  by  the  Knights  Templars  in  Stephen's  reign  is  still  standing.  Newark 
Castle,  built  by  Alexander,  the  Bishop  of  Lincoln,  in  1123  during  Stephen's  reign,  may 
now  be  seen  in  ruins  on  the  Trent  in  Notts,  Eng. 

Rye  is  a  seaport  market  town  in  the  S.  E.  of  Essex  Co.,  10  miles  N.  E.  of  Hastings. 
The  appearance  of  the  town  is  remarkably  antiquated,  overlooking  the  junction  of  the 
Rother  and  the  Tillingham;  on  an  eminence  is  a  small  castle  built  by  William  de  Ypres  of 
Flanders  in  the  reign  of  Stephen  and  now  used  as  a  jail.  The  church  is  a  beautiful  and 
interesting  structure,  the  central  tower,  transepts  and  a  number  of  circular  arches,  etch- 
ings, etc.,  all  belong  to  the  early  Norman.  This  ancient  town  receives  historical 
mention  as  early  as  893.  It  was  walled  on  two  sides  by  Edward  3d  and  contributed  9 
ships  to  the  fleet  in  his  invasion  of  France. 


155 


Matilda's  Reign.     First  English  Fortifications.     Overlords.     Landmarks  of  the  Bucks  in 

England.     Surnames,     Old  High  Buxton.     Ancient  Baths  of  Buckstones.     Norman  Keep. 

Clifford's  Tower.     Haynault.     Buckland. 

Stephen  was  the  last  of  the  Norman  rulers  and  Edith,  or  Matilda,  the  dau.  of  King 
Malcolm  of  Scotland,  and  Margaret,  sister  of  Edgar  Atheling,  grandson  of  Edmund  Iron- 
side, of  the  Saxon  line,  usurped  the  throne  and  ruled  through  the  middle  of  his  reign. 

The  first  English  fortification  of  which  we  have  any  record  is  "Bebbanburh,"  now 
Bamborough,  built  by  Ida.  King  of  Northumberland,  in  547.  A  great  number  of  defenses 
were  conducted  under  Alfred  340  years  later.  All  of  these  however  partake  more  of 
the  character  of  fortified  towns  than  of  castles.  The  building  of  true  castles  commenced 
after  the  Norman  conquest,  by  the  overlords  of  the  land,  84  castles  are  known  to  have 
existed  in  England  in  the  11th  century  of  which  71  were  protected  by  "mottes"  (hillocks 
and  ditches).  Edward  Armitage,  English  painter,  1817.  Miss  Ella  S.  Armitage.  Book. 
Jchn  Murray.  Published  in  London,  1912,  7th  chapter,  gives  a  complete  and  brief  de- 
scription of  them  all.  John  Stowe,  English  historian  and  antiquarian  of  Aldgate,  Lon- 
don, 1525-1(105,  author  of  "A  Summary  of  the  Annales  and  Chronicles  of  England  from 
Brute,"  in  1501,  and  "Survey  of  London."  first  published  in  1598  and  revised  and  il- 
lustrated in  1876,  was  followed  by  the  researches  of  George  Holmes,  English  antiquarian, 
1662-1749,  and  others  in  the  same  direction. 

Although  the  Bucks  of  the  Norman  period  in  England  have  long  since  passed  away 
and  are  forgotten  and  their  habitations,  structures  and  abodes  crumbled,  despoiled  or 
obliterated,  yet  the  scenes  of  their  early  associations  and  environments  are  still  the  same 
"although  they  know  them  no  more,"  and  which  they  have  left  indelibly  marked  "by 
giving  their  name  to  the  locality"  in  which  they  lived  and  moved  and  had  their  being, 
stamped  as  footprints  on  the  sands  of  time.  In  the  following  up  the  theater  of  their 
adventures  and  exploits  we  have  retraced  the  following  spots  and  dwelling  places  on  the 
early  "county  maps"  of  old  England,  to  be  found  in  the  various  volumes  of  the  9th  Ed.  of 
Ency.  Brit.,  as  well  as  the  information  and  descriptions  contained  therein,  and  other 
kindred  works  combined,  pertaining  to  same.  Surnames  were  very  often,  as  now,  the 
origin  of  the  local  names  as  pertaining  to  the  owner  of  the  land  or  property,  or  the  name 
being  applied  or  appended  to  the  natural  features  or  characteristics  of  the  country,  and 
so  we  find: 

Bucks-town,  or  Buxton,  in  Derbyshire.  160  miles  from  London  and  33  miles  N.  W.  of 
Derby.  It  lies  900  feet  above  the  sea  in  a  deep  valley  surrounded  by  hills  and  moors 
which  were  tastefully  planted  by  Lord  Hartington,  the  Duke  of  Devonshire,  in  1779,  and 
buildings  erected  for  his  country  seat  at  an  expenditure  of  $120,000,  the  only  approach 
being  by  a  narrow  ravine  by  which  the  Wye  Hows  into  the  Derwent  water.  The  new  part 
of  the  town  is  much  under  the  level  of  the  old  "High  Buxton"  and  is  now  entered  north 
and  south  by  the  Midland,  London,  and  North  Western  Railways.  It  is  very  famous, 
the  most  in  England,  for  its  calcareous  and  calybeate  spring,  "St.  Anne's  Well,"  both  tepid 
and  cold.  The  early  Romans  had  baths  here  and  for  over  300  years  it  has  been  cele- 
brated as  a  "Summer  resort."  Five  thousand  visitors  can  be  accommodated  at  once 
as  everything  about  the  town,  baths,  buildings,  grounds  and  groves  are  on  a  magnificent 
scale.  "The  ('resent"  is  a  fine  range  of  buildings  in  the  Doric  style  erected  by  the  Duke 
in  1779-86.  Near  by  is  "Diamond  Hill."  famous  for  its  crystals;  "Poole's  Hole,"  a  stalac- 
tite cavern  560  yards  long;  and  a  perpendicular  rock  cliff,  "Chee  Tor,"  300  to  400  feet  high 
from  the  Wye. 

The  benefits  of  the  "Ancient  Baths  of  Buckstones"  at  intercession  of  the  Wye  and 
Derwent  on  the  "Bathgate  roads"  (ancient  paved  Roman  crossroads  in  South  Derby 
near  Stafford  line)  were  known  and  praises  sounded  by  John  Jones,  the  "Phisition  of 
the  King's  Medacine"  in  Derby  in  1572,  and  its  curative  merits  were  extolled  by  Hobbs 
and  Cotton.  The  old  cross  and  shrine  of  St.  Anne,  the  tutelar  saint,  where  crutches, 
bandages,  etc.,  were  doffed  and  offered  in  token  of  gratitude  for  benefits  received,  were 
destroyed  by  Henry  8th  in  1538. 

In  Yorkshire,  Richmond,  in  North  Riding,  with  its  unrivaled  "Norman  Keep,"  and 
St.  Mary's  at  York,  of  old  York  castle  nothing  now  remains  but  its  massive  "Clifford's 
tower;"  and  the  Haynault  Forest  in  Yorkshire  of  "Capt  Kidd"  notoriety  (William  Kidd, 
notorious  Scot.-Eng.  ocean  highwayman  and  pirate.  1050-1700)  is  being  devastated  with 
the  feudal  castles,  peaked  gables,  massive  walls  and  ivyclad  turrets  of  old. 

Buckland,  south  of  the  Humber  in  middle  Lincoln,  Lincolnshire,  situated  in  "the 
Wolds."  above  "the  Fens."  of  the  east  coast  not  far  from  East  Coast  Railway,  running 
from  Louth  to  Boston,  where  the  Bucks  and  Flemings  were  settled  and  improved  the  land 
from  the  mouth  of  the  Humber  to  "The  Wash."  (Humber.  so-called  because  its  waters 
make  a  great  humming  at  the  ebbing  and  flowing  of  the  tide,  and  hence  the  "Wash"  also). 

156 


Walter  at  Buck's  Castle.    Margaret,  Relict  o)  Ralph  at  Chilton.     Sherwood  Forest.     Rooin 
Hood.     Old  Buckingham   where  Bucks  First  Settled.     Buckley  and  Bucklesham.     Buck- 
den  Palace.     Devonshire  Bucks.     Buckland  ('unit.     Monasteries.     William   Caxton. 

They  also  built  abbeys  and  churches  with  their  baronial  or  feudal  castles  at  Boston, 
Louth  and  Lincoln. 

Buckland  and  Halton  in  the  "Chilton  Hills"  east  of  Aylesbury,  with  Chilton  on  the 
west.  Walter  Buck  was  at  Buck's  Castro  (Castle)  and  domains  at  Halton,  and  Margaret, 
relict  of  Ralph,  with  some  of  her  family  was  settled  at  Chilton  in  1273,  not  far  apart  in 
Buckshire  (Buckingham  Co..)  Eng.  Chilton  Hills,  or  hundreds,  for  the  most  part  a 
magnificent  beech  and  oak  forest  at  times  had  been  in  some  parts  infested  with  robbers 
of  the  Robin  Hood  order,  a  bold  outlaw  of  the  Sherwood  forest  in  Nottingham  of  the  12th 
century.  Robin  Hood  of  Locksley  Hall,  son  of  the  Earl  of  Huntingdon  md.  Marion,  dau. 
of  the  Earl  of  Pitzwalter,  whose  estates  were  wantonly  destroyed  by  John  Lackland, 
brother  of  Richard  Cour  de  Lion,  in  his  absence  to  the  Crusades,  and  consequently  stain- 
lessly setting  her  free  of  her  vow,  he  became  an  outlaw  in  spirit  of  revenge,  retaliation 
and  plunder. 

Old  Buckingham,  Buckingham  Abbey  and  New  Buckingham  (of  which  George  Villers 
was  afterward  first  Duke  of  Buckingham,  1592-1G28)  in  southern  part  of  Norfolk  Co.  on 
Eastern  and  Midland  railway  extending  from  Norwich  to  Thetford  and  Buckingham  Sta. 
on  Great  Eastern  Railway  near  Norwich  and  Buxton,  north  of  Norwich,  all  just  south  of 
old  Hingham,  where  the  Bucks  were  first  settled  before  1273,  and  so  we  find  a  Noel  and 
('has.  R.  Buxton.  Eng.  brothers  there  in  1914  descendants.  Buckley  (near  Oxford)  and 
Buck-les-ham  (near  Ipswich,  we  have  Buckham,  and  Matthew  H.  Buckham,  I).  1).,  LL.  D. 
President  of  University  of  Vermont.  1871-1910,  of  Eng.  birth  and  Scot.-Eng.  parentage 
and  James  Buckham  of  Melrose.  Mass..  1858-1908,  poet  and  divine  of  Burlington-.  Vt. 
and  James  Monroe  Buckley,  author  and  divine.  1836-1916,  are  worthy  descendants  I  m 
southeastern  division  of  Suffolk  Co.  near  the  Great  Eastern  Railway,  the  Deben  estuary, 
and  the  Norman  Keep  of  the  high  old  Oxford  Castle,  overlooking  the  sea,  is  supposed  to  be 
where  John  Buck  was  settled  at  "Balberg"  in  127::.  Suffolk  is  one  of  the  most  fertile 
counties  in  England.  In  the  18th  century  it  was  famed  for  its  dairy  products.  All 
along  the  coast  large  and  famous  herds  of  cattle  and  flocks  of  sheep  were  grazed  and 
raised.  Norfolk  and  Suffolk  originally  were  in  one  section,  the  finest  for  situation  in 
the  Kingdom.  We  find  John  Wright  Buckham  and  J.  Herbert  Buckworth  were  both 
English  journalists  in  later  times,  1914.  Buckden  Palace,  in  the  perpendicular  Gothic 
style,  5  miles  S.  E.  Huntington  on  river  Ouse  in  Hunts  Co.  In  1273.  Amicia  Buck  was 
settled  in  hundred  of  Huntington  and  Buckden  was  very  likely  his  family  seat.  Hunt- 
ington is  especially  noted  for  its  stock  raising  and  dairying,  butter  and  cheese.  Hunts, 
or  Huntington,  existed  in  the  time  of  the  Saxons  under  the  name  Huntantun  and  in  the 
Norman  survey  is  mentioned  as  Huntersdune,  the  "Fens  and  Meres"  being  the  hunters' 
and  fowlers'  resort  for  game. 

In  the  valley  of  the  river  Ouse,  Brompton  Park  Sta..  Midland  Railway,  and  at  Buck- 
land  and  Buckfa'st  Abbevs.  in  Buckfast  leign,  of  the  14th  century,  both  on  the  river  Dart, 
and  at  Brompton,  Chilton  and  Lythonston,  near  by  each  other,  all  in  Devonshire,  Mar- 
garet. Richard.  Robert.  William  and  Nicholas  Bucks  in  1272  were  settled  there. 

Buckland  Court,  on  the  Dart,  later  country  seat  of  Baldwin  Bastard,  Esq..  in  1851. 
(Des  of  Buck)  in  Devonshire,  "vale  of  Exeter  and  interior,"  is  called  the  "Garden  of 
England,"  and  also  near  "the  North  and  South  coasts"  for  grand  cliff  and  rock  scenery 
is  n.it  excelled  by  any  in  England  or  Wales. 

First  monastery  established  in  England  by  St.  Augustine  in  597  A.  I).  In  the  dis- 
solution by  Henrv  8th  of  all  monasteries  in  England,  in  1539,  most  all  the  monasteries 
were  destroyed,  for  an  enlightened  Christianity  has  found  it  much  better  to  go  about  do- 
ing good  than' to  be  shut  up  in  a  monastery  preparing  for  heaven.  The  Benedictine 
order  founded  by  St.  Benedict  of  Nursia  at  Monte  Cassino,  situated  midway  between 
Rome  and  Naples,  in  Italy,  480-543  A.  D.,  became  immensely  popular.  At  one  time  it 
embraced  about  40,000  abbeys  scattered  over  all  Europe.  However,  the  monks  of  the 
Middle  Ages  were  in  various  ways  really  the  vanguards  of  civilization  and  enlighten- 
ment Learning  at  this  period  was  almost  exclusively  confined  to  the  cloister,  the  monks 
and  priests  being  the  only  scholars.  Every  monastery  had  its  "writing-room,"  where 
the  copying  of  books  or  manuscripts  was  constantly  carried  on.  The  most  noted  among 
the  writers  of  this  time  were  William  of  Malmsbury,  Geoffrey  of  Monmouth  and  Henry 
of  Huntingdon.  , 

William  Caxton,  a  Kentish  boy  by  birth  but  apprenticed  to  a  London  mercer,  had 
already  spent  thirty  years  of  his  manhood  in  Flanders  as  Governor  of  the  Guild  of  Mer- 

157 


Wm.  Oaxton,  Copying  Mss.  in  Contrast  to  Printing.     His  First  Printed  Book.  "The  Book 

of   Troy."      Munst&r   Cathedral.      Holl   and   Buck,    Celebrated    Engravers.      Bockenhall, 

Buckland.     Bucknell.     Buckhurst   Hill. 

chant  Adventurers  there,  when  we  find  him  engaged  as  a  copyist  in  the  service  of  the 
Duchess  of  Burgundy,  hut  the  tedious  process  of  copying  manuscripts  was  soon  thrown 
aside  for  the  new  art  which  Colard  Mansion  had  introduced  in  Bruges.  "For-as- 
much  as  in  writing  the  same,"  Caxton  tells  us  in  the  preface  to  his  first  printed  work 
"The  Book  of  Troy."  "My  pen  is  worn,  my  hand  is  weary  and  not  steadfast,  mine  eyes 
dimmed  with  overmuch  looking  on  white  paper  and  mv  courage  not  so  prone  and  ready 
to  labor  as  it  hath  been  and  that  age  creepeth  on  me  daily  and  feebleth  all  the  body  (with 
whom  we  can  sympathyse)  and  also  because  I  have  promised  divers  gentlemen  and  to  my 
friends  to  address  to  them  as  hastily  as  I  might  the  said  book,  therefore  I  have  practiced 
and  learned  at  my  great  charge  and  dispense,  to  ordain  this  said  book  in  print  after  the 
manner  and  form  as  ye  may  see.  and  is  not  written  with  pen  and  ink,  as  other  books 
be,  to  the  end  that  every  man  may  have  them  at  once,  for  all  the  books  of  this  story  here 
emprynted  as  ye  see  were  begun  in  one  day  and  also  finished  in  one  day."  The  print- 
ing press  was  the  precious  freight  he  brought  back  to  England  after  an  absence  of  five 
and  thirty  years  (Green's  Short  History  of  the  Eng.  people),  which  finally  culminated 
through  Cardinal  Wolsey  and  others  in  the  disuse  and  abandonment  of  the  monasteries 
and  establishment  of  the  printing  press  in  the  schools  and  colleges  of  Oxford  and  Cam- 
bridge, which  grew  out  of  them,  and  gave  us  the  first  authorized  version  of  King  James' 
English  Bible,  in  a  printed  form,  thai  all  might  have  and  read  in  1611.  preceded  by 
translations  and  publications  of  "William  Caxton  in  1493.  Miles  Cloverdale  in  1535,  sanc- 
tioned by  Henry  8th.  and  that  of  the  New  Testament  by  William  Tyndale  in  1530.  The 
monks  had  done  their  best  work  and  were  then  being  corrupted  in  various  ways  by  the 
inmates  under  the  baneful  influence  of  intolerant  priesthood  and  hierarchy  of  popes, 
political  intrigues  and  apostacy  of  priestcraft,  in  which  Henry  the  8th  became  awakened 
and  in  a  great  measure  finally  subverted  and  abolished  and  was  instrumental  in  causing 
a  reformation  and  in  the  establishment  of  the  Church  of  England  and  thus  laying  the 
foundation  of  the  present  Protestant  Christian  Church  and  religion. 

The  glory  of  Lincoln,  one  of  the  most  ancient  and  interesting  cities  in  England. 
capital  of  Lincolnshire,  is  its  noble  "Munster"  Cathedral,  the  original  plan  in  1S06,  adopted 
that  of  the  Rouen,  under  Bishop  Romigius.  The  central  Tower  from  which  booms  the 
"Great  Tom."  of  5'i  tons,  is  262  feet  high,  and  the  vaulted  lantern  clocks,  the  "Dean's 
Eye,"  and  the  "Bishop's  Eye,"  of  the  corner  towers  are  30  feet  in  diameter.  As  a  study 
to  the  architect  and  antiquary,  this  stands  unrivalled,  not  only  as  the  earliest  purely 
Gothic  building  in  Europe,  but  as  containing  within  its  immense  compass  every  variety 
of  style  from  the  simple  "massive  Norman"  of  the  west  front,  to  the  "Late  Decorated" 
of  the  east  portion.  It  is  "Oolite  tooled."  There  are  well  known  views  of  it  by  Holl  and 
Buck.  William  Holl  is  said  to  be  prince  of  English  steel  engravers,  and  Samuel  and 
Nathaniel  Buck  were  equally  celebrated  as  architects  and  engravers. 

The  old  town  of  Bockenhall.  lusy  to  lir>7,  now  Bucknall.  near  Horncastle.  Lincoln- 
shire, is  situated  on  the  river  Welland.  93  miles  from  London  in  the  heart  of  the  fens 
in  the  center  of  a  rich  agricultural  section. 

Buckland.  Berkshire  Co.,  north  part  near  Oxford  Co.  line  on  "Waldri  St.,"  old  Ro- 
man road  leading  from  Great  Faringdon  to  Oxford  City  on  the  Isis  Oak  or  Charney,  a 
branch  of  the  Thames;  Bucklesham,  a  London  suburb,  named  from  Buckle  a  grocer  of 
Old  London  in  time  of  Queen  Elizabeth,  and  Buckle-burg,  in  the  south,  not  far  from 
Newbury  on  "Ocknield  Street,"  Roman  or  Ridgeway  road,  southwest  of  Wantage,  Berks 
Co.,  have  many  old  historical  remains.  Near  Wantage,  the  noted  "White  Horse,"  and 
"Dragon  Hill"  in  Chesbury,  and  in  Ufnngton,  Alfred's  Castle  of  872  A.  D.  Woolen  manu- 
facture was  introduced  by  the  Flemings  in  time  of  the  Tudors.    (1485). 

Bucknell.  Oxfordshire,  not  far  from  Bichester,  and  also  Roisham  Park,  surrounding 
"Bucknell  (Bapt. )  University"  was  established  at  Lewisburg,  Union  Co.,  Penn..  on  Sus- 
quehanna River  in  1832-53,  "there  the  Norman  Church  of  Bucknell"  was  established  in 
1160.  in  old  Saxon  Eng. 

Buckhurst  Hill.  6  miles  "direct  by  road  to  Hackney."  London,  on  Epping  Forest  out- 
skirts and  Rodney  River,  on  Great  Eastern  Railway  in  Essex  Co..  and  domains  of  Lord 
or  Earl  of  Buckhurst  Park,  (Lord  Buckhurst  at  Charles  2d  time,  1650)  on  the  river 
"Medway,"  parish  of  Withyham,  South  Downs,  Sussex  Co.  station  on  London  and  South 
Coast  Railway  now.  Long  Buckby  and  Sta.,  Alcharpe  Park  of  Duke  of  Buccleuch,  17.965 
acres  on  the  river  Avon  between  Northampton  and  Rugby,  Northampton  Co.,  on   Lon- 

158 


Buckland.  Buckhom.  West  Buckland.  Buckrose.  Bucton.  Eston.  sir  John  and 
Edric.  Roger  and  Henry.  Buckley.  Buckborn  and  Buckleshard.  \.s  English  Names 
Run.     The    Saxon     Chronicle.     Boudica.     Rowena.     Yesault.     Tristan.     St.     Tiki.    King 

Mark. 

don  and  North  Western  Railway  and  Grand  junction  canal,  3  miles  N.  E.  of  Great  Bring- 
ton. 

Buckland  in  Surrey  Co.  not  far  from  Reigate  and  Red  Hill,  London  and  South  West- 
ern Railway,  near  ''Pebble  Coombe"  and  "Chobham  Ridges,"  from  "the  Mendips  to  the 
Exmoor,"  the  most  highly  picturesque  and  massive  section  of  the  Hill  country  of  Eng- 
land. 

Buckhom  in  north  part  of  Dorset  Co.  near  Somerset  Co.  line  on  West  Stour  River 
near  Weston.  London  and  South  Western  Railway. 

West  Buckland  near  Wellington  Sta.,  South  Western  Railway,  and  "Buckland  St. 
Mary,"  "Black  Down  Hills,"  Somerset  Co.,  southern  part  near  Taunton  and  not  far  from 
Devon  Co.  line. 

Buckrose,  East  Riding,  Yorkshire,  one  of  the  three  (Buckrose,  Holderness  and  How- 
denshire)  parliamentary  divisions  of  East  Riding,  and  Bucton  and  Eston  in  the  north  east 
"Buckrose  Moors"  section  of  "the  wolds,"  a  rich  and  fertile  agricultural  region  north 
of  the  Humber,  originally  granted  to  Rudolphus  le  Buck  by  Henry  1st  of  Eng. 

Sir  John  Buck  and  Edric,  at  North  Bucton,  Bucton  priory  and  Easton  Grange,  North 
Riding  on  the  Bank  side,  Severn,  in  the  Rosedale  wolds,  were  situated  1273-1320. 

Roger  and  Henry  were  north  of  the  Humber,  north  west  of  York,  near  the  sea  and 
"Bridlington  Bay"  (now  Burlington),  also  near  Gnat  Duffield,  now  in  the  parliamentary 
division  of  Buckrose,  East  Riding,  Yorkshire,  which  is  famed  for  the  beauty  of  its  river 
scenery,  its  mines  and  mineral  springs.  A  descendant  of  the  Buckrose  family,  Mrs.  J. 
E.  Buckrose,  is  the  Eng.  author  of  "A  little  green  world,"  a  story  of  English  country 
life,  and  "Down  our  street."  the  happy  life  of  a  real  people.  Hodder  and  Stoughton,  pub.. 
London,  Eng.,  1912. 

Buckley,  Buckborn  and  Buckleshard,  near  together  near  the.  coast  in  the  south  west 
corner  of  the  "south  downs"  of  Hampshire  Hants,  or  Southhampton  Co.,  west  of  Southamp- 
ton Water,  bordering  on  the  New  Forest,  where  the  two  sons  and  grandson  of  William  the 
Conqueror  all  met  their  sudden  and  violent  fate  at  different  times  in  the  great  beech  and 
oak  forest  covering  a  portion  of  the  vast  territory  he  so  ruthlessly  depopulated  and 
seemingly  ill  fated  to  the  family  and  which  it  took  years  to  recover  and  settle. 

Buckingham  Sta.,  between  Norwich  and  Great  Yarmouth  on  the  east  coast,  Buck- 
ingham Abbey  and  Old  and  New  Buckingham,  below  Norwich  in  the  south  of  Norfolk 
Co.  on  Great  Eastern  Railway  (Thomas  Buckingham  first  emigrant  to  Milford.  Ct,  set- 
tled in  Hartford,  Ct.,  eminent  divine,  died  1731;  his  grandson,  William  Alfred,  1X04- 
1875,  was  Gov.  of  Conn.)  also  Buckworth  near  North  Shields  at  Tynemouth,  Northumber- 
land coast,  were  undoubtedly  inhabited  by  and  named  after  the  Bucks  in  the  early  periods 
of  England's  history. 

As  it  is  largely  found,  "In  foord,  in  ham.  in  ley,  in  tun,  The  most  of  English  sur- 
names run."  Ton  or  ham,  is  the  property  of  whoever  the  early  settlers  of  the  district 
may  have  been;  and  so  castro  for  castle;  hurst  for  town;  ham,  for  tiamlet.  house  or 
town;  lay,  ley  or  leigh  for  a  field  or  meadow;  shard  for  bounded  field;  and  so  ton,  for 
high  or  tony;  rose  or  rise  for  flower  or  nobility;  and  nell  or  nail  for  tradesmen,  from 
the  Norman  and  Anglo-Saxon. 

In  the  Saxon  Chronicle  we  have  Boudica.  Queen  of  the  Iceni  in  early  Britain,  widow 
of  the  British  King  of  Norfolk  and  Suffolk,  in  her  war  chariot  vanquishing  and  driving 
out  the  Romans,  and  after  this  the  fair  Rowena,  dau.  of  the  Saxon  Henghist,  a  prince 
of  the  Jutes,  had  captivated  and  won  the  British  King  Vortigen  and  secured  the  Isle  of 
Thanet  in  driving  out  the  Scots  and  Picts  from  Kent,  leading  to  the  Welsh  and  Irish 
legendary  romances  of  Yesault  and  Tristian  of  Cornish-English  history,  as  basis  of  the 
story:  in  King  Arthur's  time,  an  Irish  Virgin,  St.  Hya,  arrived  at  Pendennis.  the  an- 
cient town  of  the  5th  century  in  the  beautiful  Bay  of  St.  Ives,  so-called  in  commemoration, 
and  the  ancient  Cross  of  St.  Andrew  recently  restored.  It  is  a  cornish  seaport  town  and 
headquarters  of  the  pilchard  (sardines  in  oil)  fisheries,  7  miles  north  of  Penzance  (holy- 
head)  near  lands  end,  in  the  south  so-called  Penzance  (or  penance)  lands  of  the  shrine, 
in  West  Cornwall,  British  Channel.  There  is  a  fine  ancient  romance  related  by  the  Anglo- 
Norman  Knight  Luces,  of  the  castle  of  Gast.  near  Salisbury,  that  Yesault  the  beautiful 
Irish  Princess,  in  the  claims  of  the  Cymric  and  Irish  Gallic,  people  of  Breton  origin,  the 
cause  of  war  between  King  Mark  (her  husband)  and  Tristian  (Gallic,  her  lover),  the 
son  of  Meliades  and  Isabel,  the  first  of  Ireland,  bn.  in  the  open  country  of  Lyonesse, 
France,  and  is  the  nephew  of  King  Mark  of  Cornwall,  Wales,  and  being  brought  up  in  the 

159 


Faramond  Court.     Tantagel  in  Wales.    Prince  Merhoult.     Palemedes.     clarion.     Peredur. 

Medieval   Romances.     Buckland.     Buckhurst    Palme.     Buckdon.   Buckland,    Burton.   Post 

Villages  to  this  Day.     Walter  Buck.  Dean  of  Booking. 

court  of  Faramond,  the  Prankish  King,  falls  in  love  with  his  daughter  but  is  compelled 
to  flee  to  his  uncle  in  Tantagel,  in  the  vale  of  the  Wye,  in  Wales,  with  whom  a  reconcil- 
iation is  effected. 

A  prince  called  Merhoult  and  of  Ireland,  lands  in  Cornwall  to  claim  tribute  of  King 
Mark,  and  who  fights  for  the  love  cf  "Yesault"  a  duel  with  Tristian  and  both  are  wounded, 
Merhoult  mortally. 

Tristian  then  goes  back  to  Ireland  and  is  well  received  by  the  King  of  Ireland  and  his 
dau.,  Yesault,  and  her  mother  who  restores  him  to  health,  and  with  her  love  philters 
both  are  bourne  "to  elysian  fields  of  happiness,"  although  in  the  meantime  she  has  be- 
come King  Mark's  bride  she  still  loves  Tristian  and  as  an  offset  he  marries  her  cousin, 
another  white  handed  Yesault  of  Brittany.  But  other  lovers  appear  on  the  scene,  the 
Saracen  Knight  Palemedes,  who  loves  her  with  a  purer  love  than  Tristian  and  is  a 
serious  rival,  but  he  being  rejected  finally  to  seek  and  find  out  and  marry  the  fair  faced 
dau.  of  Faramond.  Also  Gueron  and  Peredur,  two  Arthurian  Knights  appear  on  the 
scene.  The  intrigue  of  these  two  lovers  is  carried  on  for  some  time  till  Mark's  suspicions 
are  aroused,  making  him  act  and  speak  in  the  most  ridiculous  manner  and  in  his  car- 
ousals they  flee  to  King  Arthur's  court  to  seek  another  Yesault.  Tristian  leaves  Corn- 
wall, and  his  wife  dies  soon  after,  hut  upon  hearing  from  Yesault  returns  again  and  Mark 
being  taken  and  imprisoned  in  a  Saxon  invasion  and  revolt,  dies  during  the  revolution 
in  which  Tristian  with  the  captured  sword  of  Merhoult  successfully  subdues  and  de- 
fends the  dominions  and  regains  the  Kingdom  and  Yesault  now  becomes  his  bride  and 
thus  they  inherit  the  kingdom  and  so  all  goes  well  and  they  become  the  best  knight  and 
lady  in  all  the  land  and  love  each  other  at  once  and  for  ever,  and  the  two  lovers  are 
buried  side  by  side  not  far  from  their  home  and  a  wondrous  willow  tree  planted  by  their 
ancestry  extends  its  branches  to  cover  their  graves. 

Yesult.  or  Isolde,  beloved  of  Tristram  celebrated  in  many  Medieval  romances  of  1148. 
and  in  the  "Tristram  and  Yesault"  of  Mathew  Arnold  and  A.  C.  Swinburne,  English  poets 
nf  the  1  St h  century.  She  was  the  wife  of  King  Mark  of  Cornwall  and  mistress  of  his 
nephew.  Sir  Tristram,  famous  for  his  tragic  intrigue  with  the  beautiful  Yesolde.  with 
whom  she  fell  in  love  from  drinking  a  love  philter.  She  was  called  "Isolde  the  Fair," 
"Princess  of  Ireland"  and  "Queen  of  Cornwall." 

A  very  remote  ancestor  nf  one  nf  the  Hack  families  of  England  is  said  to  have  been 
Grace  Mountjoy,  the  dau.  of  an  Irish  nobleman.  Lord  Mountjoy,  Lieut,  of  Ireland.  1600-3. 
The  triumph  of  the  house  of  Mountjoy  influence  flung  its  luster  over  the  last  days  of 
Elizabeth  in  Ireland  under  the  veil  of  religion  and  liberty,  "than  which  nothing  is 
esteemed  so  precious  in  the  hearts  of  man." 

Buckland,  S.  E.  Railway  center  near  Dover,  and  Buckland  on  the  Swale,  coast  of 
North  Kent,  near  Feversham.  Roman  road  and  London  and  Margate  railwav  and  Buck- 
hurst  Hill,  Epping  Forest,  River  Roding,  "vicinity  of  London"  7  miles  to  Hackney,  Lon- 
don. 

Buckhurst  Palace  near  Ashdown  Forest  in  Sussex,  6  miles  S.  E.  of  Turnbridge,  Wells, 
Kent  Co.,  and  Buckley  Park,  in  south  east  of  Kent  Co  .  the  so-called  garden  of  England. 

Samuel  Buckley  was  the  founder  of  the  first  London  daily  newspaper  in  1695  and 
Sir  Buckdon,  York;  Buck'don,  Huntington;  Buckland.  Hartford.  Buckland,  Bucks;  and 
Buckland  and  Bocton,  Kent  Co.  are  all  post  villages  in  England  to  this  day.  Buckdon 
York  in  the  Pennines.  river  wharf,  great  whernside,  Buckland,  Hertford  on  the  rib  branch 
of  the  Lea  and  Buckland,  Kent   .".  miles  from  Feversham. 

Stanley  Buck  was  master  director  of  the  Official  Press  Bureau  of  the  War  Office. 
London,  1914  and  was  appointed  Lord  High  Chancellor  and  head  of  the  Excheauer  and 
grand  master  of  the  Admiralty  by  King  George,  the  highest  office,  next  to  King,  in  1915. 

The  numerous  hop  gardens  of  Kent  are  especially  noted  for  their  fine  product. 

Booking  in  N.  E.  section  of  Essex  Co.  in  the  cottage  homelands  on  the  river  Pant, 
or  "Blackwater"  (river),  near  "Braintree,"  old  Roman  cross  roads.  A  commercial  R. 
R.  center.  It  has  extensive  hop  fields,  important  crepe  factories  and  large  manufactories 
of  rich  damasks  and  satins  for  furniture. 

Walter  the  Norman  (Buck)  was  made  Dean  or  "Witan"  of  Bocking,  in  Essex  Co., 
with  jurisdiction  over  the  "Hundred  of  Hundreds,"  by  William  the  Conqueror,  and  "Dit- 
ton  park"  was  afterward  assigned  to  the  Duke  of  Buccleuch,  6,881  acres,  mostly  in  Essex 
Co. 

160 


_TILO 


.■3G+&3& 


Gi£dL  fayu/faju'w oath. 


DURHAM   CATHEDRAL 
Hoilt  UHO-llKL     Th«  most  imporuni  example  c'   Nirm*n  architecture  «u  En*Und  | 
The  tome  buildmg  hai  been  recently  rcrtOTtd. 


Ancient  Ruins.     Stoke.     Hundred  of  Hundreds.     Stoke  Pogis.     \  alley  of  Severn,   Vale  of 

Worcester.    Mendip  Hills.    Ancient  Wiltshire.     Vale  of  Gloucester.     The   Missey.     The 

Medway,     Watling  Street  and  Fosse  Way. 

The  Dukes  of  Devonshire  and  Buccleuch  erected  St.  George's  Church,  North  Lan- 
cashire, England.  Buckminster,  with  Norman  tower  and  nave  and  early  English  chan- 
cel in  1330  is  in  N.  E.  Leicester,  near  Lincoln  Co.  line,  and  Bockleton,  East  of  Leominster, 
Herefordshire. 

Burnham,  Stoke  and  Desborough  comprised  the  "Chilton  Hundreds,"  an  extensive 
tract  extending  into  many  of  the  most  productive  and  fertile  valleys  now  comprised  in 
counties  that  were  at  first  awarded  by  William  the  Conqueror  to  his  Norman  and  Flem- 
ish followers,  so  we  find  Burnham,  north  of  center  of  Bedford  Co.,  and  Breat  Burnham 
in  the  center  of  Hertford  Co.  Des-borough  and  Sub-borough  in  the  north  part,  and  Guls- 
borough  and  West-borough  in  the  west  part  of  Northampton,  and  "Amid  the  beauties  of 
Wiltshire."  Broken-borough,  in  the  north  part.  "Ancient  Wiltshire  Ruins"  prior  to 
Roman  Invasion,  Burrow-in-Furness,  and  there  are  "Furness  Abbey,"  and  ruins  of  a  castle 
on  Piel  Island  with  moated  walls,  towers  and  battlements. 

And  of  "Stokes,"  as  we  are  touring  and  surveying  England,  let  us  go  into  detail  and 
observe  out  of  curiosity  and  take  Stoke  Pogis  (Church)  as  a  center  made  memorable 
by  Dickens'  works  and  "Elegy."  written  in  Stoke  Pogis  Churchyard  by  Thomas  Gray,  Eng. 
poet.  1710-71 ,  the  great  line  of  poem  being,  "The  path  of  glory  leads  but  to  the  grave"; 
and  Burbury  Stoke,  significant  of  Dr.  Hopkins,  Kng.  antiquary  (Stoke  meaning  stake 
or  post  in  the  Norman  survey  and  of  "the  Hundred  of  Hundreds"  of  Alfred  the  Great) 
and  we  have  Weston  Stoke  in  the  north,  and  Stoke  Mandeville  in  the  middle  of  Bucks 
Co.  Stoke  Prior,  near  Leominster,  Hereford  Co.;  Stoke  Rochford,  S.  E.  of  Lincoln  Co.  neat- 
Leicester  Co.  line;  Stoke  Dry.  near  south  line  point  of  Rutland  Co.;  Stoke,  on  north 
line;  Kirby  Stoke,  on  East  coast;  and  Stoke,  south  of  Chelmsford,  Essex  Co.;  Stoke,  near 
the  Mersey,  above  Chester,  Cheshire  Co.;  and  Wyken  Stoke,  at  Coventry;  and  Max  and 
Shu,  Stoke  east  of  Birmingham,  in  N.  E.  of  Warwick  Co.  Stoke  Prior  and  Stoke  Works 
near  together  in  the  east  part;  and  Stoke  Severn,  in  the  valley  of  the  Severn,  in  south 
part  and  "Vale  of  Worcester";  and  Stoke  Bliss,  in  east  part  of  Worcester  Co.  on  the 
Hereford  Co.  border  line;  and  Stoke  Lyne  (line),  on  the  north;  and  North  and  South 
Stoke,  in  the  south  part  of  Oxford  Co.;  Rodney  Stoke,  Stoke  Easton  (eastern),  Stoke 
Lane,  Chew  Stoke  and  South  Stoke,  in  the  "Mendip  Hills,"  northeast  part  Somerset  Co. 
Stoke  Albany  and  Stoke  Doyle  in  the  north  on  edge  of  Rockingham  Forest.  Stoke 
Bruern  and  Stoke  Park,  in  the  southeast  part  below  Northampton,  Northampton  Co. 
Beaching  Stoke,  in  the  center  of  the  east  shore  of  Wiltshire.  Stoke  Orchard,  in  "vale 
of  Gloucester,"  north  part;  and  Stoke  Bishop,  south  part  Gloucester  Co.  on  the  Severn 
Valley  Railway.  Stoke  Wood,  Abernon  and  Basing  Stoke,  in  the  middle  of  Surre>  Co 
Stoke  Ash  in  north,  and  Stoke,  near  Ipswich,  south  of  center  of  Suffolk  Co.  Stoke  Ferry, 
on  the  Wissey,  to  the  Ouse,  S.  E.  Norfolk  Co.  Stoke,  on  the  Medway,  in  north  of  Kent 
Co.  Stoke  River,  on  the  north,  near  Barnstable  Stoke,  on  the  west  shore,  and  Stoke 
Point,  Revel  Stoke,  Stokenham,  Stoke  Fleming  and  Stoke  Gabriel,  all  placed  along  the 
south' shore  of  Devonshire.  Basing  Stoke,  a  railway  center,  in  the  north.  Bisop  Stoke 
and  Meon  Stoke.  N.  E.  of  Southampton,  and  Stoke's  Bay,  near  Portsmouth,  in  Hants  Co.; 
East  Stoke  on  "Fosse  way",  in  S.  E.  Notts  Co.;  and  Stokesley,  North  Riding,  Yorkshire; 
and  Stoke-on-Trent,  Newcastle,  in  the  N.  E.  part  of  Stafford  Co.,  and  now  the  most  im- 
portant of  all,  being  the  center  of  "the  Potteries  district,"  china  and  earthen  wave,  in 
which  all  the  inhabitants  are  chiefly  employed;  and  lastly  Stoke  Newington,  now  a. 
suburban  part  of  London,  a  district  on  the  northeast  part,  Middlesex  Co.  side,  of  the 
great  metropolis. 

"Watling  Street,"  and  the  "Fosse  Way,"  old  Roman  cross  roads,  extend  through  this 
territory  No  doubt  they  had  been  laid  out  by  the  Romans  sometime  in  the  first  dawn 
of  the  Christian  era,  and  the  North  and  South  Downs  stretch  through  several  of  the 
counties  and  towns.  It  has  many  ruins  and  relics  in  evidence  of  this  early  Roman  oc- 
cupancy It  is  a  typical,  and  perhaps  we  may  say  the  heart,  and  now  the  ideal  section 
of  rural  England  rich  in  rolling  meadow  and  pasture  lands  and  dairy  fanning  products. 
It  has  excellent  orchards  and  market  gardens  and  possesses  some  of  the  finest  valleys, 
streams  and  woodlands,  historical  sites  and  imposing  seats  in  England.  Nearly  all  the 
farm-houses  and  buildings  are  good  and  many  of  the  laborers'  cottages,  hedged  in  and 
embowered  with  roses,  are  exceedingly  picturesque,  and  there  are  many  charming  vil- 
lages in  the  country  with  easy  access  by  numerous  railways  to  the  metropolitan  cities 
with  scarcely  a  hamlet  being  more  than  7  miles  from  a  railway  station. 

161 


Buckhall  of  Ancestral  Name  and  Fame.  Wm.  De  Pepcid.  Dr.  ~Wm.  Buckland.  The 
Buckle  Family.  Middleton  Family.  Thos.  Buckle.  Devonshire  Bucks.  Buckfast-Leigh. 
•Sir  Geo.  (Stuckley)  Buck.     Hartland  Abbey.     Baldwin  Bastard  (Buck).     Buckland  Court. 

Buckhall,  near  Annesley  Hall,  Tocard  Sta.,  Midland  Railway,  north  of  Nottingham,  a 
little  south  and  not  far  from  the  famous  "Robin  Hood  Hills"  on  the  verge  of  Sherwood 
forest,  the  seat  of  the  celebrated  English  outlaw.  Robin  Hood,  from  time  of  Richard  I'd 
to  Edward  1st,  was  a  Baronial  residence  of  ancestral  name  and  fame. 

After  the  conquest,  Nottingham  Castle  was  rebuilt  for  the  protection  of  William  de 
Peverel  as  Earl  of  Nottingham,  the  reputed  son  of  William  the  Conqueror.  It  occupies  a 
picturesque  site  overlooking  the  "Vale  of  Trent"  and  has  one  of  the  finest  and  largest 
market  places  in  the  Kingdom  with  manufactories  of  hosiery  and  lace,  cotton,  woolen  and 
silk  goods,  and  had  a  population  in  1901  of  239,753  inhabitants.  The  first  castle  was 
built  by  Edward  the  Elder,  with  a  drawbridge  over  the  Trent,  920-4  A.   D. 

Joseph  S.,  son  of  Joseph  Buckminster,  bn.  in  Portsmouth,  N.  H.,  1784,  eminent  di- 
vine of  Boston,  died  1812. 

Dr.  William  Buckland,  dean  of  Westminster,  an  eminent  geologist  (1784-1856),  was 
bn.  at  Axminster  in  Devonshire,  noted  for  its  carpet  manufactories,  on  the  left  bank  of 
the  river  Axe.  Buckland's  chief  work,  "Reliquiae  Deluviarae"  (Relics  of  the  Deluge), 
was  published  in  London.  1821. 

Henry  Thomas  Buckle,  English  historian  (1821-1862),  of  Staunton,  son  of  Thomas 
Henry,  a  wealthy  London  merchant,  and  his  wife,  Jane  Middleton.  dau.  of  John  Middle- 
ton,  bn.  1758,  the  tallest  man  of  record,  was  over  9  feet  high. 

Lord  Middleton  of  East  Riding,  Yorkshire,  had  12,295  acres  in  1S73  land  returns. 
Richard  Middleton,  the  first  Lord,  died  in  1304.  The  Middetons  were  a  well  known 
English  family  in  Elizabeth's  (1626),  James  lst's  and  Charles  lst's  time.  Conyers  Mid- 
dleton, D.  D.,  Eng.  theol.  divine,  bn.  in  Richmond,  Yorkshire,  1683,  died  in  1750.  Ed- 
ward a  descendant  was  an  English  colonist  in  America  in  1685,  and  Arthur,  signer  of  the 
Declaration  of  Independence  i  1712-1787). 

Buckle  (Thomas),  was  bn.  in  Lee  in  Kent,  Nov.  24,  1821,  and  died  in  Damascus,  Syria, 
May  29,  1862.  He  travelled  in  Prance,  Italy,  Germany  and  on  the  continent  to  acquire 
world  knowledge  and  study  the  language  of  Europe.  "Quanti  est  sapre."  (How  desir- 
able is  knowledge).  He  was  also  a  noted  chess  player  for  recreation,  once  the  champion 
of  Europe,  and  wrote  "History  of  Civilization  in  England,"  London,  Rev.  Ed.,  1861. 

Devonshire  Bucks.  East  and  West  Buckland.  North  Devon  Sta.,  on  Great  Western 
Railway,  between  South  Moulton  and  Barnstable  Bay,  Bristol  Channel,  and  Hartland  at 
Hartland  point,  ship  load,  and  Bideford  Bay,  domains  with  Buckland  Brewers,  (ale  or 
beer,  brewery)  between  Hartland  and  Torrington.  North  West  Devon,  and  Worlington  or 
West  Worlington,  at  "Affeton  Castle,"  on  the  little  Dart  River,  on  main  road  from  South 
Moulton  to  Credinton,  at  the  "four  corners"  or  "crossways"  of  main  road  of  Chumley  to 
Tiverton. 

Buckland  is  on  the  river  Exe,  near  Cheveithorn,  north  of  Tiverton,  not  far  from 
Worlington,  North  East  Devon.  Buck-down  Hills  are  not  far  from  Buckhall,  on  the  verge 
of  Devon  and  Somerset  near  Taunton,  in  "the  Exemoor,"  one  of  the  most  beautiful 
corners  and  highest  districts  of  all  England. 

Buckland  Monachoran  (see  Web.  Diet.  Monarchian,  2d  century  Unitarian  Sect.) 
and  Buckland  Abbey  in  South  Devon  are  on  the  river  Tavy,  on  South  Devon  Railway  be- 
tween Tavistock  and  Plymouth.  Egg-Buckland  near  Old  Plymouth,  South  West  Devon. 
Btick-fast-ligh  is  on  the  river  Dait  in  the  far  famed  "Dartmoors,"  charming  for  their  rare 
and  exquisite  beauty,  between  Dean  Prior  and  Hambury  cemetery  not  far  from  Totners, 
at  intersection  of  Tavy  and  Dart  on  road  between  Totners  and  Ashburton,  S.  E.  Devon, 
where  they  lay  buried.  Also  Buckland  on  the  Dart  not  far  from  Ashburton,  also  Buck- 
land  and  Tout  Saints  not  far  from  King's  bridge  on  the  river  Avon. 

Buckland  Tilleigh  (for  raising  horses)  not  far  south  of  Buckworthy;  and  Buckland 
Brewer  (Brewery),  Manor  of  Barlandew,  a  Devon  hay  and  hop  town,  and  south  of  Tor- 
rington, North  West  Devon;  and  Buckland,  East  leigh,  North  East  Devon,  were  all  well 
known  and  fertile  districts.  Sir  George  (Stuckley)  Bart.  Hartland  Abbey,  15.144  acres, 
land  returns  1873,  of  Devon  Buckland  Court  on  the  river  Dart  of  Baldwin  Bastard,  Esq., 
in  1857,  English  noblemen.  George  Buck,  son  of  John,  died  in  Bideford,  Devon,  Nov.  15, 
1680,  (assumed  the  name  of  Stuckley).  Ancient  Norman  seats  of  the  Bucks  since  1068 
when  William  the  Conqueror  besieged  and  took  Exeter  and  built  a  castle  there,  followed 
by  castle  stations,  baronial  halls  and  monastices  in  Stephen's  time,  1137,  extending 
through  his  domains,  the  descendants  of  the  Flemish  or  Norman  Bucks  were  settled  here 
and  from  which  these  localities,  so  well  defined,  derive  their  names. 

162 


King  "James? at  Hoaghtpn  UalLS| 


Buckland  Manor  and  Castle.     Twin  Rivers.     Old  Plymouth.    Spanish  Armada.     The  Hoe. 
The  Bolthead.     Dartmoor.     Yale  o]  Exeter.     Oorinaeus.     (Until  Goemagot.     Queen  Eliza- 
beth.    Exploring   Expeditions.     Sea    Barons   of  Devon. 

Buckland  Manor  and  Buckland  Castle  were  the  most  beautiful  in  its  site  and  sur- 
roundings on  the  river  Tavy  at  the  head  of  Dartmoor  valley  on  the  Tavinstock  road,  one 
of  the  most  interesting  and  antiquated  of  the  old  baronial  manor  houses  in  the  whole 
realm. 

It  is  one  of  the  loveliest  and  most  picturesque,  one  of  the  cosiest,  quietest  and  most 
restful  of  all  the  fascinating  corners  on  or  near  the  coast  of  the  far  famed  Devonshire, 
"rich  in  ruined  glory  and  historic  charm,"  "the  garden  of  England,  the  vale  of  Exeter," 
where  they  lived  and  moved  and  had  their  well  being.  The  grounds  with  their  great  oaks 
and  their  famous  groves  of  walnut  and  clumps  of  ilex  trees,  "Evergreen,  Oak  and  Holly," 
and  heavy  ivy  clinging  to  the  walls,  and  climbing  roses  and  honeysuckles  creeping  boldly 
up  the  porches,  with  the  perfume  of  rosemary,  jasmine,  haws,  bays  and  sweet  briar  from 
the  gardens  at  the  sides,  belted  with  copse  of  furze  or  gorse,  green  shrubs  and  ferns, 
with  its  park  of  delightful  vistas,  purling  streams  and  charming  vales,  shaded  lanes  and 
velvet  downs,  down  to  the  rugged  cliffs  and  sheltered  harbor  with  its  sweep  of  golden 
sands  and  river  glades. 

"I  know  a  bank  whereon  the  wild  thyme  blows, 

Where  ox-lips  and  the  nodding  violet  grows. 

Quite  over-canopied  with  lush  woodbine. 

With  sweet  musk-roses  and  with  eglantine." — Shakespeare. 

And  this  Shakespeare's  country  as  well,  "the  Bard  of  Avon,"  and  dramatist  of  Stratford- 
on-the-Avon,  Warwickshire,  Eng.  (1564-1616).  Unique  in  environment  and  historical  ad- 
venture also.  For  it  was  from  here  in  Devonshire,  at  the  confluence  of  the  twin  rivers' 
upper  waters,  of  Tamar  and  the  Tavy  on  one  side  and  the  Plym  and  Parry  on  the  other, 
flowing  down  past  the  fortified  and  walled  town  of  Stonehouse  and  Davenport  on  one  side 
of  "the  Hamoaze"  and  the  famous  Royal  Dockyards  and  Reglan  Barracks  of  old  Ply- 
mouth on  the  other  side,  known  as  the  "three  towns."  "where  wealth  from  the  orchard, 
the  cornfield,  the  lea,  broad  bosomed  rivers  convey  to  the  sea,"  that  the  English  fleet  of 
120  sail  lay  quietly  at  anchor  behind  the  breakwater  in  Plymouth  sound  awaiting  the 
sighting  of  King  Phillip's  great  Spanish  Armada  of  132  vessels  in  1588,  and  it  was  from 
thence  that  it  sallied  forth  boldly  to  achieve  its  stupendous  victory  in  the  attack  and 
dispersion  on  Devonshire's  southern  shore,  which  culminated  in  the  sinking  and  utter 
annihilation  of  Spain's  giant  fleet  and  the  great  sea  captains  of  the  16th  century, 
to  break  the  naval  power  of  Spain,  leaving  England  "to  rule  the  wave"  as  the  leading 
commercial  and  industrial  nation  of  the  world  and  on  whose  domains  "the  sun  shall 
never  set."  The  ships  were  fitted  out  and  manned  with  sailors  and  instruments  of  war 
at  Plymouth  gate,  Stonehouse  pool,  the  royal  dockyards  and  naval  military  station  at 
the  mouth  of  this  historic  river  and  the  neighboring  sea. 

The  Hoe  is  a  high  rock  at  Plymouth  with  a  commanding  view  westward  of  the  sea 
stretching  far  away  past  the  cliffs  and  shores  to  hills  and  mountains  of  Cornwall,  or  east- 
ward along  the  fantastic  crags  and  piers  and  sequestered  coves  to  the  "Bolt  head"  and 
bar  of  Portsmouth,  or  landward  to  the  environs  and  open  vistas  of  the  royal  forest  of 
Dartmoor  and  the  far  away  steeple  tops  of  Exeter,  40  miles  distant  by  the  main  highway 
or  direct  old  Roman  road  straight  through  the  so-called  "Vale  of  Exeter"  to  "Isca  Hani 
noniorum"  (Exeter)  past  the  Tors  "Yestor,"  2,050  feet  high,  on  the  north  and  "Hey tor." 
1,500  feet  high,  on  the  south,  the  Dartmoor  region  with  "the  forest  on  the  hill"  being  the 
highest  land  in  England  south  of  the  Yorkshire  "Ingleborough."  This  high  rock  at  Ply- 
mouth (long  before  the  sighting  of  the  Spanish  squadron)  is  claimed  to  be  the  one  from 
which  Corinaeus  the  Trojan  hurled  the  giant  Goemagot  into  the  sea,  and  both  British 
and  Roman  remains  have  been  found  at  various  times  in  the  vicinity. 

Under  Elizabeth,  Plymouth  rose  to  be  the  foremost  port  of  England,  and  Camden, 
the  Eng.  antiquary,  who  visited  the  town  in  1588,  states,  "that  though  not  very  large,  its 
name  and  repute  is  very  great  among  all  the  nations."  In  the  discovery  of  the  New- 
World  it  played  a  part  of  prime  importance  in  rendering  glorious  the  reign  of  Queen 
Elizabeth  during  which  nearly  all  the  early  exploring  expeditions  about  the  earth  were 
dispatched  from  this  port,  and  which  was  the  last  at  which  the  Pilgrim  fathers  touched 
when  thev  set  sail  for  America. 

Devon  the  "Shire  of  the  Sea  Kings"  and  the  great  barons  of  the  various  other  expedi- 
tions from'  Cabot,  to  Raleigh,  Gilbert  and  Davis  to  Drake's  time,  who  have  all  embarked 
from    here    and   from   which   the   first   colonization   of    the   West   Indies   and    Virginia 

163 


First  Settlement  in  America.     Sir  Walter  Raleigh.     Capt.  Joint  smith.  Pocahontas.    "God 

Speed."     "Susan    Constant."    Jamestown.     Rev.    Robert   Hunt   and   Rev.   Richard  Btick. 

Somer  or  Summer  Isles.     Hayden's  Book  of  Dignities.     Robert  of  Brompton. 

sailed.     Many   brave  and   gallant    men   have   set  out    from   here    in   the   dangerous   and 
hazardous  northland  expeditions  of  discovery. 

First  permanent  settlement  in  America  under  the  auspices  of  Sir  Walter  Raleigh 
was  made  at  Jamestown,  Va.,  May  13th,  1607,  by  Sir  Thomas  Gates  &  Co.,  of  105  settlers, 
mostly  English  gentlemen,  in  3  ships  under  Capt.  Bart.  Gosnold,  Capt.  Chris.  Newport, 
and  Capt.  John  Smith,  who  sailed  April  10th,  1606.  under  charter  of  King  James  1st, 
which  gave  to  the  world  the  romantic  adventures  of  "Capt.  John  Smith  and  Pocahontas." 
In  June,  1609,  the  London  Co.  of  5  ships  with  500  persons  followed  the  first  3  ships — 
"God  Speed,"  Capt.  Bart  Gosnold;  "Susan  Constant,"  Capt.  Chris.  Newport,  "Pinnace," 
Capt.  J.  Radcliffe  with  (Capt.)  John  Smith,  Governor  Wingfield,  and  Rev.  Robert  Hunt 
which  came  in  1607,  landed  in  the  Chesapeake  and  fortified  Jamestown  on  the  James 
River.  Capt.  Argyle,  with  Lord  Baltimore,  arrived  later  bringing  provisions  and  supplies 
in  the  George  in  1610.  In  .May.  1609.  Sir  Geo.  Somers  of  Dorset,  Eng.,  Sir  Thos.  Gates 
and  Rev.  Richard  Buck  with  Capt.  Chris.  Newport,  master,  in  the  course  of  a  voyage  to 
Virginia  with  other  ships  and  500  emigrants  was  driven  in  a  storm  and  wrecked  on  the 
Bermudas,  from  which  they  derived  the  name  of  Somer  or  Summer  Isles  at  that  time,  but 
they  gathered  together  and  constructed  two  new  ships  out  of  their  old  timbers  and  finally 
reached  Jamestown,  May,  1610,  a  few  days  before  Capt.  Argyle  arrived  bringing  supplies 
and  relief.  Other  emigrations  followed  and  it  became  an  English  colony  in  1625  and 
after  this  although  it  had  some  internal  dissentions  and  drawbacks,  in  the  main  Vir- 
ginia prospered  and  flourished.  It  entered  the  Union  of  the  13  original  states  in  1776 
and  after  the  Revolution  became  an  independent  state  in  1869  of  "Old  Dominion." 

Hayden's  Book  of  Dignities  by  Joseph  Hayden  and  Horace  Ockerby:  "Knights  of  the 
Garter"  of  Edward  3d,  London,  1890,  page  733. 

The  original  Knights  (lists).  The  most  noble  "Order  of  the  Garter"  of  Edward  3d. 
Piers  or  John  de  Greilly,  Capt.  de  Bucke,  died  1376.  (Capt.  Piers  or  Jno.  de  Bucke, 
K.  G..  died  in  1376).  Born  about  1300  at  Buch  (Bush),  an  old  district  of  France  in  the 
Bordelais,  now  in  the  department  of  Gironde,  capital  La-Teste-de-Buch,  and  served  under 
Edward  3d,  "the  Black  Prince,"  in  France  in  taking  of  Sluys  1340,  Crecy  1346  and 
Poictiers  1356,  and  afterward  as  Capt.  of  Buck  in  1358  at  Meaux,  and  Launac  in  1372  with 
his  cousin  the  Earl  of  Foix,  when  he  died  in  1376.  and  his  titles  and  estates  were  ex- 
tended to  Jean  de  Grailley  in  1412  as  Gov. -Gen.  of  three  provinces  in  France  and  to  his 
son,  Jean  2d,  who  was  raised  to  the  Peerage  of  France  in  1436  to  1472.  (See  also  pages 
166-7). 

Sir  John  le  Buck,  a  descendant,  was  Admiral  of  the  Flemish  fleet  in  1387  for  the 
Duke  of  Burgundy,  and  was  in  the  naval  battle  between  the  Spanish  and  French  on  one 
side  and  the  English  under  the  Earl  of  Arundel  on  the  other  off  Sluys  on  the  Flemish 
coast  where  the  Flemings  were  defeated.  Laurem  e,  his  son,  followed  Edward  Planta- 
ganet,  Duke  of  York,  and  was  slain  at  the  Battle  of  Agincourt,  1415. 

Sir  John,  a  son  and  heir,  md.  a  Stavely  out  of  whom  descended  the  Barons  Parr  and 
Queen  Catherine  Parr,  last  wife  of  Henry  8th  of  England.  These  Bucks  resided  mostly 
at  Herthill  in  Yorkshire. 

Sir  John  fought  for  Richard  3d  at  Bosworth  field  in  1485,  but  being  deserted  by 
Lord  Stanley  and  a  large  part  of  his  army  Richard  was  defeated  and  slain  and  the  Earl 
of  Richmond  was  crowned  King  on  the  battlefield  as  Henry  7th,  and  thus  terminated  the 
"War  of  the  Roses,"  which  lasted  30  years  in  12  pitched  battles  that  deluged  the  land 
with  blood  and  in  which  the  ancient  nobility  of  the  kingdom  were  almost  destroyed. 

Robert  of  Brompton  was  united  by  the  Duke  of  Norfolk  in  marriage  with  the  families 
of  Hingham  and  Colton,  with  the  Blouts  of  Elwarton  and  the  Tabots  of  Grofton  (found 
in  Gloucestershire,  Worcestershire,  Hampshire,  Wiltshire,  Lincolnshire,  Centerbury  and 
Cambridge). 

The  Bucks  have  21  coats  of  arms  in  England.  Of  the  Bucks  of  Devonshire  and  York, 
with  mottoes,  "Fide  et  Fortitudine"  (Fidelity  and  Fortitude),  "Dieu  le  vent"  (In  God 
we  trust),  and  "Sauna  cuique  tribuito"  (Do  right  to  everyone)  of  the  Knights  and 
Barons  Edric  and  Sir  John  le  Buc,  who  lived  in  the  time  and  reign  of  Edward  1st.  Their 
family  seats  were  at  Bucton  and  Eston.  Sir  John  md.  a  Streally,  who  died  young.  He 
then  entered  the  Knights  of  Rhodes  and  he  became  Admiral  of  the  Flemish  fleet  in  1387. 
His  arms  were  in  the  "Hospital  of  St.  Johns,"  near  Smithfield  (1033-1516). 

164 


William  and  Edric.  sir  John  he  Buck.  Knights  of  St.  John  at  Rhodes.  Knights  of 
Malta.     Rhodes.    Preceding  Orders.     Colossus  of  Rhodes.     A  nulla  Striding  the  Harbor. 

William  and  Edric  were  also  of  Bucton.  Edric  becoming  a  Knight  in  1323.  Edric 
and  Sir  John  le  Buck,  whose  seats  were  located  and  rated  by  King  Edward  1st  in  1273  in 
Bucton,  Yorkshire,  were  Knights  of  St.  John  at  Rhodes,  an  island  in  the  Aegean  Sea, 
Asia  Minor,  a  manufacturing  and  commercial  league  "established  against  the  common 
enemy  of  Christendom"  and  "for  the  noble  and  royal  houses  of  Europe." 

Granted  by  the  Emperor  Emanuel  to  the  "Knights  of  Rhodes,"  and  they  acquired 
through  Richard  Couer  de  Lion,  who  had  taken  the  neighboring  island  of  Cypress  from 
Saladin  and  the  Saracens  where  they  were  at  first  after  leaving  Jerusalem  for  20  years 
being  driven  from  St.  Jean  d  Acre,  their  stronghold,  secured  and  fortified  Rhodes  in 
1308  to  10,  and  held  it  until  the  last  siege  of  Rhodes  in  1522,  for  over  200  years. 

In  the  conquest  of  Rhodes  by  Solyman  and  the  Turks  in  1522  it  was  lost  when  they 
capitulated  and  had  to  relinquish  it  although  they  had  surrounded  it  with  walls  and 
towers  and  defended  it  by  a  large  moated  castle  of  greal  strength,  the  powers  of  Europe 
failing  to  come  to  their  support,  and  they  retreated,  in  L523,  from  the  island  taking  every- 
thing with  them  and  retired  to  Malta  in  the  Mediterranean,  granted  them  bv  the  Emperor 
Charles  5th,  then  in  possession  under  Jean  de  la  Valette,  Grand  Master,  1494-1568,  and 
remained  there  until  1798,  on  the;  arrival  of  Bonaparte,  a  period  of  275  years.  This  is 
considered  "the  Golden  Age"  of  Malta,  "although  one  of  warfare,"  where  they  also  gained 
great  renown  as  the  "Knights  of  Malta"  and  then  were  disbanded  or  abolished  as  no 
longer  needed. 

Rhodes  is  now  under  Ottoman  rule  guarded  by  the  Fort  of  St.  Elmo.  The  town  or 
capital  of  same  name,  Rhodes,  rises  in  an  imposing  manner  from  the  sea  on  a  gentle 
slope  in  the  form  of  an  amphitheater  of  palms,  minarets  and  domes  of  an  oriental  city 
surrounded  by  all  the  vast  fields  and  productions  of  the  tropics  covering  its  hills  and 
streams  and  valleys.  This  is  one  of  the  orders  to  which  the  Crusaders  gave  birth  in  the 
occupancy  of  Jerusalem  by  Godfrey  of  Bouillon,  Godfrey  de  St.  Omer,  and  Hugh  de  Payen, 
with  five  others,  joined  in  dedicating  their  lives  to  the  service  of  the  Temple  at  Jerusa- 
lem and  the  establishment  of  the  Hospice  of  St.  John  in  1023  and  the  later  foundation 

of  the   Hospitalers  of   Knights  Templars,   founded   in   1118,   and   by    Richard    C r   de 

Lion,  in  Palestine,  in  1191,  being  before  (previously)  introduced  into  England  by  the 
Normans  in  1141  and  throughout  Europe  by  the  Teutonic  Knights  in  1255,  and  by  over- 
throw of  Byzantium  Dominion  to  the  conquest  of  Rhodes  in  1300.  They  were  the  out- 
growth of  the  various  religious,  military,  political,  industrial,  social  and  fraternal  orders, 
guilds,  associations  and  establishments  of  the  Chivalry  of  the  Middle  Ages  and  the 
Rennaissance  and  although  at  first  intended  to  succor  the  sick,  weak  and  distressed,  they 
led  to  wars,  intrigues,  sacrifice  and  death  and  were  finally  suppressed  in  Europe  in  1312 
by  decree  of  governments  for  dissolution  of  orders  by  France  and  England,  anil  in  Ger- 
many by  interdict  of  Pope  Clement  5th  in  1305.  The  order  of  the  Knights  of  St.  John, 
founded  in  1190,  was  suppressed  in  England  by  Henry  8th  in  1540. 

Rhodes,  the  ancient,  was  taken  possession  of  by  a  branch  of  the  Dorian  race  who  held 
it  at  the  time  of  the  Trojan  war,  1184  B.  C,  and  was  the  seat  of  the  Hellenistic  culture 
and  art  of  Grecian  civilization.  In  200  B.  C.  in  the  second  Macedonian  war.  the  fleets 
of  Rhodes  and  Perganum  became  the  zealous  allies  of  Rome,  protected  Attica  and  watched 
the  eastern  coasts. 

Julius  Caesar  and  Cicero  were  afterward  students  here  under  Rhodian  teachers  of 
oratory. 

One  of  the  seven  ancient  wonders  of  the  world  was  "The  Colossus  of  Rhodes,"  a 
celebrated  bronze  statue  of  Hellenic  Art.  "Apollo"  striding  or  spanning  the  entrance  to 
the  harbor,  105  feet  high  and  of  about  720,000  pounds  in  weight,  beneath  which  the  tallest 
ships  passed,  constructed  by  Chares  of  Lindus  280  B.  C.  aided  by  an  army  of  workmen, 
and  which  consumed  12  years  in  its  construction  and  erection. 

It  was  prostrated  by  an  earthquake  in  224  B.  C.  after  standing  66  years  and  was  not 
removed  until  destroyed  by  the  Saracens  in  A.  D.  656.  but  continued  to  excite  the 
wonder  of  the  ages,  lying  protrate  on  the  ground  894  years,  and  was  finally  sold  to  a 
wealthy  Jew  for  old  junk  and  reconverted  into  instruments  of  war,  at  which  time  Pliny 
(A.  D.  23-79)  says,  "it  took  900  camels  to  remove  the  metal  fragments  of  the  statue  from 
the  harbour."  Besides  this,  not  less  than  three  thousand  statues  are  said  to  have  adorned 
the  city,  which  was  said  by  Strabo  (B.  C.  66  to  24  A.  D  )  "to  surpass  all  others  in  beauty 
and  ornamental  character,"  and  Protogenes  (360-300  B.  C. )  is  said  to  have  embellished 
the  city  with  his  paintings  at  same  time. 

165 


History  of  the  Landed  Gentry  of  England.     Our  English  Forebears.     Stuckley  and  Buck. 
"We  Remember  our  Ancestors  That   They  May  not  be  Forgotten." — Burke. 

History  of  the  Landed  Gentry  and  General  Armory  of  England,  1S98,  and  Visitation 
of  Seats  and  Arms  by  Sir  Barnard  Burke,  C.  B..  LL.  D.,  London,  1851,  and  Second  Series, 
1898.  Vol.  1,  page  17.  Burke's  Encyclopedia  of  Heraldry  shows  13  Coats  of  Arms,  with 
Crest  and  3  Bucks'  Attires,  in  many,  with  motto:  "Hardiment  et  belliment"  (Boldly  and 
fairly);  in  others:  "Honi  soit  qui  mal  y  pense"  (Evil  to  him  who  evil  thinks),  with  8th 
Buck  Arms  granted  in  1652  to  William  Esq.,  of  Yorkshire  and  Cambridgeside,  motto: 
"Nosce  Teipsum"  ( Know  Thyself )  ;  and  James  Buck's  Arms  granted  July  17th,  1643, 
motto:   "Honor  est  Honorium  Meretus"   (Honor  to  whom  honor  is  due). 

The  Visitation  of  the  County  of  Devon  by  John  L.  Vivian.  (Stuckley  and  Buck). 
Denis  Stuckley,  1st  son  of  Lewis,  bn.  Feb.  10,  1673,  at  Bideford,  died  Jan.  27,  1741,  at 
West  Worlington.  Administration  granted  to  George  Buck,  his  brother-in-law,  Sept.  in, 
1742.  John  Buck  md.  Susanna  Hartwell.  Hartwell  Buck  md.  Sibylla,  dau.  of  John 
Ford,  at  Bideford;  she  died  Oct.  11,  1706.  He  died  Oct.  16,  1691,  at  Bideford.  William 
Buck,  2d  son.  bn.  June  3,  1669,  was  lost  at  sea.  John  Buck.  1st  son,  bn.  July  26,  1665. 
md.  Elizabeth,  dau.  of  Paul  Orchard,  without  issue.  George  Buck,  3d  son,  bn.  Dec.  14. 
1671,  died  Apr.  7,  1743,  md.  Sarah,  only  dau.  of  Lewis  Stuckley  of  Bideford  and  Affeton.' 
Hartwell  Buck,  bn.  April  5,  1696,  died  April  14,  1743.  1st  Lewis  Buck,  2d  son,  bn.  May 
17,  1701,  died  Dec.  12,  1733.  John  Buck,  3d  son,  bn.  Dec.  30,  1703,  died  April  13,  1743, 
md.  Judith,  dau.  of  William  Pawley,  Sept.  19,  1729,  she  died  Oct.  24,  1739.  George 
Buck,  4th  son,  bn.  April  3.  1718,  died  Nov.  2.  1719.  George  Buck  of  Affeton,  1st  son,  bn. 
July  7.  1731.  died  Feb.  5.  1794,  md.  Anne.  dau.  of  Paul  Orchard,  May  6.  1754.  Lewis 
Buck.  LL.  D..  2d  son,  bn.  Dec.  24,  1733,  died  April  11.  17s::,  William  Buck.  3d  son,  bn. 
June  9,  1736,  died  June  5,  1781.  md.  Mary,  dau.  of  Thomas  Colley  of  Abbotsham,  Dec.  7, 
1771.  George  Stuckley  Buck,  only  son  and  heir,  bn.  Mar.  8,  1755.  died  Nov.  30,  1791, 
age  36,  md.  Martha,  dau.  of  Rev.  Richard  Keats,  April  8,  1780,  at  Tiverton.  George  Paul 
Orchard  Buck,  1st  son.  died  in  infancy.  George  Parolev  Buck,  2d  son  and  heir,  bn.  July 
26,  1782,  died  Sept.  21.  1805.  Richard  Buck,  4th  son,  bn.  Oct.  23,  1785,  died  Aug.  12,  1830, 
md.  Angeline  McDonald.  Lewis  William  Buck.  3d  son,  bn.  April  25,  1784,  died  April  25, 
1858,  succeeded  his  brother  in  family  estates.  Sir  George  Stuckley  Buck  (Stuckley),  son 
and  heir,  bn.  Aug.  17.  1S12,  assumed  the  name  and  arms  of  Stuckley,  md.  July  27,  1858, 
Knmia  Hellena  Stuckley,  and  for  2d  wife,  Louisa,  dau.  of  Barnard  Granville,  of  Wells- 
burne,  Warwick,  md.  Jan.  31,  1872,  at  St.  Peters,  Eaton  Square. 

Burke's  Peerage,  Baronetage  and  Knightage  of  Devonshire,  Eng.,  by  Sir  Burnarde 
Burke,  London,  1908.  Lineage  of  Buck,  the  family  of  Buck,  the  parental  ancestors  of 
Sir  George  Stuckley  (  Stucky  Bart  )  were  for  many  generations  seated  at  Hartland  Ab- 
bey, Bideford  and  Affeton  Castle,  in  the  county  of  Devonshire.  John  Buck,  the  first  of 
which  we  have  any  account,  married  Susanna  Hartwell,  by  whom  he  had  issue:  Hart- 
well Buck,  died  Oct.  14,  1691,  buried  at  Bideford.  Hartwell  Buck  tad.  Sibylla,  dau.  of 
John  Ford  and  Dorothy  Pentecost,  who  died  Oct.  11,  1706.  He  had  3  sons:  1st  John.  bn. 
July  1st,  1665,  died  Aug.  21,  1719,  having  md.  Elizabeth,  dau.  of  Paul  Orchard  without 
issue;  2d  William,  bn.  June  3,  1669,  lost  at  sea.  supposedly  without  issue;  3d  George  Buck 
of  Bideford.  7  times  mayor  of  that  town,  and  J.  P.  for  Devon,  was  merchant,  mayor  and 
justice.  He  md.  Sarah,  only  dau.  of  Lewis  Stuckley  of  Bideford  and  Affeton,  vide  Stuck- 
ley descent.  George  had  3  sons:  Hartwell.  Lewis  John  and  George,  who  also  had  sons, 
and  they  sons  of  noble  progeny.  John  Buck,  a  descendant,  was  ::  times  mayor  and  M.  P. 
for  Exeter.  1826-32.  and  for  the  northern  division  of  Devon,  1839-57.  It  was  his  grand- 
daughter, Emma  Hellena,  who  md.  his  son,  Sir  George  Stuckley.  Stuckley  1st  Bart  of 
Affeton  Castle  and  Hartland  Abbey,  late  M.  P.  for  Barnstable,  1885-9,  and  1865-8,  J.  P., 
C.  A.,  and  D.  C.  of  Devon,  etc..  patron  of  three  livings. 

The  first  Bart  assumed  the  name  of  Stuckley  in  lieu  of  Buck.  Residence,  Hartland 
Abbey,  Bideford,  Affeton  Castle,  West  Worlington,  Devonshire.  Sir  George  Stuckley, 
Bart.,  Hartland  Abbey,  had  a  landed  estate  of  15,144  acres  according  to  the  owners.  Land 
Returns  of  1873.  The  family  of  Buck  (the  parental  ancestors  of  Sir  George  Stuckley, 
Bart.)  were  for  many  generations  seated  in  the  county  of  Devon.  The  family  of  Stuck- 
ley is  of  very  ancient  origin  and  was  seated  in  Huntindonshire  as  early  as  the  time  of 
Richard  1st,  and  also  in  the  county  of  Somerset  in  the  beginning  of  the  15th  century. 

History  of  County  of  Hertford.  Hundred  of  Cashio.  by  Robert  Clutterbuck,  F.  S.  A., 
of  Watford,  vol.  1st.  London,  1815. 


166 


Our  English  Forebears  of  flu1  Hurt  Family.    Hertford  and  Watford.     Yorkshire. 

Sir  William  Buck,  Bart,  died  Aug.  15,  1717,  aged  62.  Also  his  son,  Sir  Charles 
Buck,  died  June  20,  1729,  aged  37,  both  buried  at  St.  Mary's,  Watford.  Church  inscrip- 
tions. 

Sir  John  Buck  of  Aldenham  died  Nov.  19,  1603,  Watford. 

Sir  John  Buck  of  Hamby  Grange,  Co.  Lincoln,  Knighted  Nov.  20,  1596,  buried  at 
St.  Giles,  Cripplegate,  md.  Eleanor,  dau.  of  John  Wymarke  of  Gretford,  Lincoln  Co. 

Sir  John  Buck,  eldest  son  and  heir.  Knighted  July  23,  1603,  died  in  1648,  md.  Eliza- 
beth, dau.  and  heir  of  William  Green  of  Filey.     Com  Ebor,  Esqr. 

Sir  John  Buck  of  Hamby,  eldest  son  and  heir,  created  a  baronet  Dec.  22,  1660.  died 
16G8,  md.  Anne.  dau.  of  Sir  John  Style.  Bart.,  of  Wateringburg,  Kent  Co. 

1st  Sir  William  Buck,  of  Hamby  and  Grove,  Bart.,  eldest  son  and  heir,  died  Aug.  15, 
1717.  buried  at  Watford,  md.  Frances,  dau.  of  Daniel  Skinner  of  London,  merchant. 

Henry,  son  of  Henry  2d,  died  Jan.  21,  1730,  aged  38.  Henry  2d  died  Oct.  9,  1737,  aged 
75,  md.  Deboriah,  dau.  of  Thomas  Salter  of  London,  draper;  she  died  Mar.  20,  1725,  aged 
51.  Mary  only  surviving  dau.  of  Sir  John  Buck  of  Lincolnshire,  md.  in  1635  the  lion. 
James  Vernon,  Secretary  of  State  to  King  William  3d,  and  died  Oct.  12,  1715.  A  dau. 
died  an  infant.  Sir  Charles  Buck,  Bart.,  of  Hamby,  only  son  and  heir,  died  June  22, 
1729,  md.  Anne,  dau.  of  Sir  Edward  Seabright,  Bart.  Sir.  Chas.  Buck,  Bart.,  of  Hamby, 
son  and  heir,  md.  Mary,  dau.  of  George  Cartwright,  Esq.,  of  Ossington,  Notts  Co. 

Sir  Charles  Buck  and  Dame  Ann,  his  wife,  dau.  of  Sir  Edward  Seabright,  of  Beech- 
wood,  in  this  Co.,  conveyed  this  estate,  upon  which  his  father  Sir  William,  had  secured 
the  payment  of  certain  portions  to  his  daughters,  to  the  Hon.  Doddington  Greville.  Esq., 
and  other  hands. 

Hertford,  by  Robert  Clutterbuck,  1st  Vol..  page  251.  London.  1815.  Hundred  of 
Cashio.  Watford  (Buck's  Castro)  Castle.  6  miles  from  St.  Albans,  and  15  by  road  from 
Charing  Cross,  London,  of  (',.157  acres.  Name  derived  from  old  British  tribe,  "Cassii." 
Buckland  is  in  the  N.  E.  of  Hertford  Co.  in  vale  between  the  rivers  Rib  and  Quin  on  old 
road  from  Ware  to  Royston,  near  Chipping  forest.  Bucks  first  settled  here  in  1273.  Sir 
John  Buck,  Hamby  Grange,  Lincoln,  bn.  Nov.  20,  1596,  md.  Elizabeth,  dau.  of  William 
Greene,  of  Filey.  Sir  William  of  Kent,  md.  Frances,  dau.  of  Daniel  Skinner,  merchant  of 
London.  Sir  Charles,  md.  Anne,  daughter  of  Sir  Edward  Seabright.  (Crest  and  Arms). 
Sir  Thomas  Buck,  Earl  of  Bucks,  md.  Mariah  in  the  46  year  of  King  Edward  the  3d 
reign,  1373,  and  Eleanor,  their  dau.  md.  Thomas  of  Woodstock,  Duke  of  Gloucester,  the 
6th  son  of  King  Edward  3d,  and  their  Mary  became  the  wife  of  Henry.  Earl  of  Derby, 
son  of  John  of  Gaunt,  Duke  of  Lancaster.  (Clutterbuck's  Hertford  Hundred  of  Edwins- 
tree,  vol.  3.  page  370). 

In  many  cases  the  family  of  Buckley  is  probably  derived  from  the  name  of  the  ham- 
let of  Buckley  in  Lancashire,  which  gave  residence  and  name  to  the  family  descended  in 
England  from  John  De  Buckley,  whose  brother  Geoffrey  was  Dean  of  Whalley  in  the 
reign  of  King  Stephen.  This  John  had  a  son,  Geoffrey,  whose  son  Geoffrey  was  slain  at 
the  Battle  of  Eversham  in  the  year  1265.  John  Buckley,  the  emigrant  ancestor  of  the 
Buckley  family  in  America,  was  living  in  Lcipsic,  Germany,  near  Buchonia,  in  Hesse- 
Cassel  with  German  Bucks,  where  he  was  drafted  against  his  will  into  the  Lles- 
sian  army  that  was  sent  to  this  country  about  1777.  during  the  Revolutionary  War,  to 
aid  the  British.  At  the  Battle  of  Saratoga  when  Gen.  Burgoyne  surrendered  he  was 
(aptured  and  sent  to  Boston,  where  he  escaped  and  settled  in  New  Hampshire  at  JaJfrey. 
(Gen    and  Fam.  Hist.,  Vol.  1.  page  200,  southern  N.  Y.  1914). 

Visitation  of  Yorkshire  by  Sir  William  Dugdale,  1665.  (Surtee's  Society),  Vol.  36, 
pages  69-70.  Buck  of  Carnaby.  Dickering  Wapentake.  (Military  division).  KUham, 
31st  Aug.,  1665. 

1st  William  Buck  of  Holmeton. 
2d  Thomas  Buck  earlv  of  Holmeton. 

3d  Thomas  Buck  of  Holmeton  in  com.  Ebor  md.  Mary,  dau.  of  Robert  LigntfOOl  01 
Carnabv.  in  Ebor. 

William  Buck  md    Margaret,  dau.  of  Holmeton  Lutton,  of  Knapton.  in  com.  of  Ebor. 
Samuel  Buck  of  Holmeton,  died  about  1630,  md.  Alice,  dau.  of  Thomas  Pearson  01 
Harpham  in  com.  Ebor. 

Thomas  Bucke  of  Carnaby,  md.  Mary,  dau.  of  John  Pearson  of  Multhorpe.  in  com 

Ebor. 


167 


Our  English  Forebears  in  the  Buek  Family.     Yorkshire.     Gloucestershire. 

2d  John.  3d  William.  1st  Samuel  Bucke,  md.  Elizabeth,  dau.  of  William  Pearson 
of  Besingby,  in  com.  Ebor,  sons  Thos.  died  at  10  years,  Aug.  31st,  1665.  Mathew  in  in- 
fancy. 

Visitation  of  Yorkshire  by  Sir  William  Dugdale.  continued.  Buck  of  Flotmanby. 
Arms  and  Crest.  1st  Sir  John  Buck  of  Hamby  Grange  in  Lincoln  Co.,  Knight,  md. 
Eleanor,  dau.  and  heir  of  John  Wymarke  of  Gretford.  in  com.  Lincoln. 

2d  Sir  John  Buck  of  Hamby  Grange,  Knight,  and  afterward  of  Filey,  in  com.  Ebor, 
died  about  1648.  md.  Elizabeth,  dau.  and  heir  of  William  Green  of  Filey  in  com.  Ebor. 

2d  Robert  Buck  of  Flotman  in  Ebor,  died  at  34,  on  Aug.  31,  1665,  md.  Mary.  dau.  of 
Edward  Skipwith  of  Grantham,  in  com.  Lincoln. 

1st  Sir  John  Buck  of  Hamby  Grange,  in  Lincoln  Co.,  Bart.  2d  William,  aged  2,  in 
1605,  and  1st  John,  aged  7  on  Aug.  31,  1C65,  (and  thus  ends  the  chapter  and  account  of 
these  Bucks  by  Dugdale). 

Denary  of  Doncaster.  South  Yorkshire,  by  Rev.  Joseph  Hunter,  F.  S.  A.,  London,  1831. 
Pedigree  of  Buck  of  Rotherham.  Lord  of  the  Manor  of  Ulley.  2d  Vol.,  page  17S.  Samuel 
Buck  of  Carnaby.  (North  of  the  Dumber,  East  Riding.  Yorkshire,  North  Eastern  Rail- 
way near  Bridlington  now  Burlington).  Died  Aug.  31,  1005,  aged  31  years.  Thomas, 
1663-1665.  Mathew,  1664-1746.  Samuel,  1685-1762.  William,  1708-1752.  John.  1728-1800. 
Robert,  1758-1811.     .Mathew  Buck  was  rector  of  Armthorpe  and  Vicar  of  Bodsworth,  1093. 

From  History  of  South  Yorkshire  by  Joseph  Hunter.  (Arms  and  Crest).  Samuel 
Buck  of  Carnaby  near  Burlington,  bn.  Aug.  31,  1639,  son  of  Thomas  and  Elizabeth,  dau. 
of  William  Pierson  of  Bessingby.  (Vide.  c.  40  in  Coll.  Arms  for  his  descent).  Thomas 
Buck  1  year  10  months,  died  Aug.  31,  1665.  Mathew  Buck.  bn.  in  1664,  died  in  1746. 
Samuel  Buck  of  Rotterham  bought  the  manor  of  Ulley  in  1747,  died  Mar.  1st,  1762,  md. 
Jane,  dau.  of  William  Asabie  of  Rotterham  Feb.  4,  1700.  Thomas  Mathew  Buck,  M.  A., 
rector  of  Armthorpe,  1680,  and  Vicar  of  Bodsworth.  1693.  William  Buck  of  Rotherham, 
Esq.,  bn.  Aug.  3d.  1708,  died  at  Bath  Nov.  11,  1752,  md.  Catherine,  dau.  and  heir  of 
William  Squire;  she  died  May  9,  1778.  aged  70,  and  was  buried  at  Rotherham;  children: 
Thomas  died  unmarried.  Samuel  died  Feb.  28,  1734,  aged  21.  Samuel  Buck,  bn.  1746,  of 
New  Grange.  Esq..  of  Lincoln's  Inn,  died  July  23,  1S00.  aged  00,  buried  at  Rotherham,  md. 
Ann,  dau.  of  Richard  Ellison,  Esq.,  of  Thome.  William  Buck  of  Bury.  St.  Edmunds, 
Esq.,  2d  son.  md.  Sarah,  dau.  of  John  Crosby  of  Bury,  St.  Edmunds,  sons:  John,  Samuel, 
William  and  Robert.     Daus. :   Elizabeth  and  Margaret. 

This  is  the  pedigree  of  Buck  of  Rotherham,  etc..  Lord  of  the  Manor  of  Ulley.  Monu- 
ment and  Arms  in  the  church  there. 

Visitation  of  Gloucestershire  by  Henry  Chitty  and  John  Phillpot,  1623.  (Buck  Arms 
and  Crest).  1st  Mychaell  Bucke.  Cottington.  and  heir  to  Gayner.  2d  Mathew  Bucke, 
heir  to  Gayner,  md.  Margaret,  dau.  of  Richard  Yate.  Thomas  Bucke  md.  Elizabeth,  dau. 
of  Thomas  Brayne.  2d  Thomas  Buck  md.  .lane,  dau  of  William  Mutton  of  South  Boevells. 
Thomas  Buck,  son  and  heir  of  Albeiton,  1541,  md.  Blanch,  dau.  of  James  Hyatt.  George 
Buck,  2d  son,  md.  Agnes,  dau.  of  John  Cole.  Chil.:  1st  James,  2d  Mathew,  3d  Thomas. 
George,  son  and  heir,  died  Nov.  15,  1680.  Margaret,  wife  of  James  Buck  died  Aug.  26, 
1588.  Annie,  wife  of  George  Buck  died  Mar.  10,  1674.  Mathew  Buck  and  Mary  Green- 
inge  md.  Oct.  4,  1681.  John  Buck  and  Mary  Ann  Deane  md.  Oct.  9,  1683,  at  Gloucester. 
John  Buck  and  Isabell  Hall  md.  Oct.  11,  1684,  of  Aive;  she  died  Oct.  24,  1685.  Mathew 
Buck  died  Dec.  27,  16S5.  John,  son  of  John  and  Mary  Buck,  bn.  Mar.  8.  1687.  William, 
son  of  John  and  Mary  Buck,  bn.  Aug.  31,  1695.  Thomas,  son  of  John  and  Mary  Buck.  bn. 
Aug.  31,  1695.  John,  son  of  Thomas,  bn.  Mar.  5.  1694.  James,  son  of  Thomas,  died  Mar. 
17,  1697.     George,  son  of  Thomas  and  Sarah,  bn.  June  15,  1697. 

The  Visitation  of  Gloucestershire,  taken  in  1023.  by  Henry  Chitty  and  John  Phillpot 
of  Lastonashe,  page  212.  London.  1885.  Landed  Gentry  in  time  of  Edward  3d,  1327-77. 
John  Buck  and  Isabell  Hill  or  Hall  md.  11th  Oct.,  1384,  at  Halton,  Longhope  (9  miles 
west  of  Gloucester).  P.  R.  (Royal  Province  of  Crown  lands,  9,575  acres).  Hal.  M.  S. 
1543  fol.  8.  Richard  Buck  and  Elizabeth  Clifton  of  Afton,  in  Worcester.  1330.  is  in 
center  of  Eng.  on  Severn  and  Avon.  John  Buck  of  Bibery  md.  Alice  Bibery  of  Gloucester. 
William  Buck  of  Ashton  (under  Bredon  Hill)  and  Buckland  (in  N.  E.  corner  Gloucester 
Co.,  near  Worcester,  Gore  line  of  Broadway,  fine  for  situation  and  environment).  Richard 
Buck,  son  of  Nathaniel  of  Ashe  or  Ashton.  Fairford,  md.  Margaret,  dau.  of  John  Bruges 
or  Bridges  of  London.  2d  William  Buck.  Esq.  John  Buck.  Thomas,  1543.  James,  1569. 
George  of  Devon,  died  Nov.  15,  1680.  John,  1083.  Mathew,  1684.  William,  son  of  John 
and  Mary,  bn.  Mar.  13,  1693.     John,  son  of  Thomas,  bn.  Mar.  5,  1694.     Thomas,  son  of 

168 


Our  English    Forebears    in    the   Buck   Family.     Gloucestershire,     Worcestershire.     Cam- 
bridgeshire. 

John  and  Mary,  bn.  Aug.  31,  1695.  George,  son  of  Thomas  and  Sarah,  tin.  .June  15,  1697. 
James,  son  of  Thomas,  died  Mar.  17.  L699,  Arms:  3  Bucks  Attires,  (the  horns,  heads  and 
neck  of  a  deer  in  heraldry).  It  is  said  Sir  Thomas  Buck,  of  Fairford,  8  miles  east  of 
Cirencester,  East  Gloucestershire,  md.  Jannette,  dau.  of  Lord  Hart  of  Edinburgh,  Scot. 
Rev.  Charles  Buck  (1771-1815),  bn.  at  llillsley,  near  Wotton,  Underedge.  Gloucestershire, 
educated  at  Hoxton  Coll.,  settled  at  Sherness  and  Hackney.  London.  4th  child  Samuel, 
bn.  Sept.  21.  1799,  Ehg.     Engraver. 

The  Visitation  of  Gloucester  by  T.  P.  Penwick  and  W.  C.  Metcalfe.  16S2-3.  (Lord) 
Buck  of  Minchin  Hampton,  page  31.  Arms:  "per-fess  nebula,  argent  and  sable,  three 
buck's  attires  counter  charged."  Crest:  A  buck's  attire  argent.  Taken  from  Lord 
Buck's  father's  seal  and  are  the  arms  of  Buck  of  Nashe.  Worcester  Co.  1st  Jeremy 
l  Lord)  Buck  of  Minehing-hampton,  Gloucester  Co.,  died  in  1638,  aged  56,  md.  dau.  of 
Richard  Pinfold  of  Minehing-hampton.  Chil.:  2d  Jeremy  Buck,  of  same,  died  in  1653  at 
35.  md.  in  1641,  Ursulia.  dau.  of  William  Sclwyn  of  Matesden,  Gloucester  Co.  3d  John, 
died  unmarried  in  London  in  1665.  aged  40.  3d  Jeremy  Buck  died  unmarried  in  1668. 
aa-ed  25  years.  2d  William,  living  in  London,  unmarried  at  33  years.  John  Buck  of 
Minchin-hampton,  bn.  in  1647.  md.  Elizabeth,  dau.  of  Nicholas  Green  of  Grittleton,  Wilts 
Co.:  she  died  in  1675.  No  sons.  Elizabeth,  dau.  of  Philip  Lorngley.  md.  Thomas  Buck 
of  Winterborne.  Gloucester  Co.,  on  or  about  1622.  and  had  son  Jas.  and  Coat  of  Arms 
granted  James  Buck,  Esq..  of  Winterbourne,  Gloucestershire,  July  17th,  1645,  in  reign  of 
Charles  1st  after  Battle  of  Naseby,  June  14,  1645. 

History  of  Worcestershire  by  T.  R.  Nash.  D.  D.,  2d  vol..  paire  19.  London.  1873. 
The  lineal  descent  of  the  ancient  family  of  Buck  of  Lastonashe  in  the  parish  of  Kemfey 
and  county  of  Worcester,  taken  from  the  visitation  thereof  recorded  in  the  Office  of  Arms, 
1596.      (When  granted). 

John  Buck  of  Lastonashe  md.  Isabel!  Hill  in  time  of  Edward  3d,  1384.      (Page  13). 

Richard  Buck  md.  Elizabeth,  dau.  of  William  de  Clifton  of  Afton,  County  of  Wor- 
cester, in  time  of  Edward  3d,  1336.  Sons  of  John  and  William.  John  Buck  md.  Isabel 
Hall.  Oct.   11th.  1384.      (Page  5).     In  time  of  Henry  4th.     (1399  to  14):;). 

Richard  Buck,  son  of  Nathaniel  of  Nashe,  md.  Margaret,  dau.  of  Sir  John  Bridges 
of  London. 

William  Buck,  Esq..  son  and  heir  of  Nathaniel  of  Nashe,  md.  Margaret,  one  of  the 
heirs  of  Michael  Good  of  Sussex,  Lord  of  the  Castle  of  Prome. 

Kenlim  Buck,  son  of  Nathaniel  of  Nashe,  md.  Ellen,  a  dau.  of  Thomas  Neville,  young 
brother  of  Lord  Latimer. 

Francis  Buck,  son  of  Nathaniel  of  Nashe,  md.  Mary,  a  dau.  of  George  Wade  of  Bod- 
worth. 

John  Buck,  son  of  Nathaniel  of  Nashe,  md.  Eleanor,  a  dau.  of  Thomas  Foillot  of 
Perton.  Sons  of  Thomas:  Francis;  John  of  Bibery  md.  Ellen,  dau.  of  Robert  Foxford  of 
Mananton  in  Devon:  Henry,  James  and  Edward  about  1G00.  Richard.  2d  son  of  Francis 
Buck,  Esq..  of  Nashe  in  Worcester,  md.  Marie,  dau.  and  heiress  of  Geo.  Walle  of  Broad- 
wishe.     John  Buck,  son  and  heir  of  Nashe.  3  years  old 

Lord  Buckhurst,  first  Earl  of  Buckhurst.  Dorset,  (1536-1608)  md.  Cicily,  dau.  of  Sir 
John  Baker  of  Kent.  His  father,  Richard  Sackville,  md.  Winifrede.  dau.  of  Sir  John 
Bruges  (or  Bridges)  of  London.  Clifton,  Kempsey  and  Perton,  are  in  the  south  part  of 
Worcester  Co.  near  together  in  the  valley  of  the  river  Severn,  between  the  Severn  and  the 
Avon,  and  Worcester  and  Upton  in  the  Melvern  Hills  and  Vale  of  Worcester,  one  of  the 
loveliest  in  all  England. 

The  Visitations  of  Cambridgeshire  by  Sir  Thomas  Phillipson,  1534.  Henry  St.  George 
in  1575  and  Sir  Thomas  Phillip's  son  in  1619.  Copy  of  the  Harlean  mss.,  1401,  in  the 
British  Museum.  John  W.  Clay.  F.  S.  A..  London,  1897.  Thomas  Buck  of  NTeltonbee 
in  Com.  York,  md.  Jane  Dawson  of  Yorkshire  (was  commoner  of  the  parliamentary  divi- 
sion of  the  city  and  Co.  of  York)  and  for  2d  wife.  Sibyl  Meade  of  Lincoln.  1st  Thomas, 
son  and  heir.  2d  Peter  Buck.  3d  Hugh  Buck.  md.  Margaret,  dau.  of  Thomas  Langley  of 
Grimthope.  4th  William  Buck.  md.  Alice,  dau.  of  Robert  Foster  of  Coston  in  Norfolk 
and  had  4  sons.  3d  Hugh  Buck,  son  of  Thomas  Samuel  Buck,  son  of  William  of  Wishich. 
Isle  of  Ely.  md.  Elizabeth,  dau.  of  Michael  Boston  of  Tennington  in  Com.  Norfolk  and  had 
sons.  Henry  and  William.  1619  Descendants:  John  Buck  md.  Margaret,  dau  of  Henry 
Savell,  of  Com.  York;  Robert  Buck  md.  Jane.  dau.  of  Clement  Hingham  of  Wikambrook 
in  Com.  Suffolk.  1st  Robert  Buck  of  Ely  md.  Elizabeth  Pettle  of  Brandon  Ferry,  and  had 
daus.  Margaret  and  Elizabeth.     2d  George  Buck. 

169 


Our  English  Forebears  in  the  Buck  Family.     Cambridgeshire.     Essex  and  Durham   Cos. 

1st  George  Buck,  and  2d  Robert  Buck,  sons  of  Robert,  and  Cissily  and  Susan,  daus. 

4th  Henry  Buck  and  William  Buck  of  Wisbich  in  the  Isle  of  Ely,  1619,  between  the 
mouth  of  the  rivers  Ouse  and  Nene  at  the  Wash,  between  Cambridge  and  Norfolk  Cos. 
Melton  (Mowbray)  a  noted  market  town  pleasantly  situated  in  the  fertile  vale  at  the 
confluence  of  the  Wreake  and  Eye  Rivers,  15  miles  N.  E.  of  Leicester  and  104  North  of 
London  in  Leicestershire.  Commoner  Thomas  Buck  ( member  of  the  parliamentary 
House  of  Commons)  md.  2d  wife,  Sibylla,  dau.  of  Robert  Meade  of  Staunton  in  Lincoln 
(Sauter's  Society,  vol.  36,  page  69)  and  it  is  said  that  Sir  Thomas  Buck  md.  Jannette, 
dau.  of  Lord  Hart  of  Edinburgh,  Scot.,  and  had  grandsons  Hugh,  John  and  Samuel  who 
emigrated  to  America  about  1789. 

History  of  Essex  Co.,  by  Phillip  Morant,  M.  A.,  vol.  2,  pages  563  and  618  to  22.  Lon- 
don, 1848.  Clavering  Half  Hundred.  Anne,  dau.  of  John  Rowley,  Esq.,  wife  of  Samuel 
Buck,  barrister  of  Grey's  Inn.  Esq.,  son  of  Robert  of  Bollington  Hall,  md.  and  had  a  dau. 
and  heirs  in  1650.  (Grey's  Inn,  Courts  on  the  Thames  embankment.  Temple  court,  Lon- 
don). Thomas  Buck  died  Dec.  6,  1562,  held  the  farm  and  Manor  of  the  Bollingtons,  C. 
H.  H.  John,  son  and  heir,  22  years  old.  Robert  Buck  died  Nov.  28,  1620,  held  the  same 
and  an  estate  in  Leeds  and  in  Kent.  Thomas,  cousin  and  heir,  50  years  old.  Clement 
Buck  of  Maneudin,  Bollington  and  Claverling,  died  April  11,  1577,  at  farm  Manor  at 
Lythe  (Little  Hill)  in  Rickling.  John,  his  son  and  heir,  died  at  Rickling,  Maneudin,  Jan. 
7,  1592,  and  sold  this  Manor  to  Clement  Buck  and  his  wife,  Mary,  landed  property  and 
estates  in  the  Hundreds  of  ITtelsford  and  Claverling.  Samuel  Buck,  Utelsford  half  Hun- 
dred. Manor  of  Depden.  All  these  places  are  in  the  N.  E.  corner  of  Essex  Co.  on  river 
Stort  near  together  on  Great  Eastern  Railwray. 

Robert  Bucke,  citizen  and  draper  of  London,  bn.  at  Bollington  Hall  in  this  parish, 
Clavering  Half  Hundred,  Nov.  17.  1620.  by  his  will  charged  his  lands  in  Kent  and  Surrey 
with  an  annual  rent  of  twenty  pounds  per  annum  to  be  appropriated  by  the  Drapers  Co. 
toward  clothing  three  poor  men  and  three  poor  women  of  the  parish  of  Ugley-Manuden 
and  Stanfield,  alternately.     (Monarts  Essex). 

Durham  Co.,  by  Robert  Surtes,  Esq.,  of  Mainsforth,  F.  S.  A.,  vol.  3,  page  269.  Lon- 
don. 1828.  Pedigree  of  Buck  of  Sadberge.  In  South  Durham  on  cross  roads  between 
Darlington  and  Dinsdale  and  Stocton  and  Sedgefield.  market  towns  on  Midland  Railway 
near  Dinsdale  park,  and  all  in  the  "lovely  valley  of  the  river  Tees  in  its  windings  and 
flowings  on  to  the  sea."     From  original  records,  we  have: 

John  Buck  of  Sadberge,  bn.  :'.lst  of  Aug.,  1558.  Francis  Buck  of  Sadberge,  son,  1595. 
Thomas  Buck  of  Sadberge.  1580.  George  Buck  of  Sadberge.  1595,  Myles  Buck  of  Sad- 
berge, 1609,  John  Buck  of  Sadberge.  1646,  landed  Gentry  of  the  Buck's  Estates  up  to 
16S4. 

John  Buck,  bailiff,  of  Sandberge  before  1555.  md.  Katherine;  will  dated  31st  Aug.. 
1580.  1st  Francis  Buck  of  Sadberge.  son  and  heir,  died  Sept.  19,  1595,  md.  Agnes,  dau. 
of  William  Bulmer,  Esq..  of  Sadberge.  Children:  Elizabeth  and  Margaret.  Myles  Buck 
of  Bramston,  Durham  Co.,  bap.  Mar.  28,  1609,  md.  Eleanor.  Children:  Thomas.  1580; 
George,  1595;  and  John,  1629.  2d  George  Buck,  only  son  and  heir,  under  age  1595,  died 
S.  P.  7th  Feb.,  1612.  George,  1609.  John  Buck  of  Sadberge  living  1658,  md.  Elizabeth, 
died  June  17.  1657.  3d  Francis  Buck  of  Sadberge.  Gent.,  bn.  at  Billingham,  Feb.  10, 
1636,  md.  Jane  Eden.  Children:  1st  John  Eden  of  Billingham.  Gent.,  died  April  23,  1680, 
md.  Margery  Davison;  2d  Rev.  Thomas  Davison,  vicar  of  Norton,  died  1715,  aged  80  years. 

These  Bucks'  estates  were  sold  before  1684  to  the  Pennymans.  On  Feb.  19th.  1651, 
there  is  said  to  have  been  Bucks,  Mathew,  Lawrence  and  Peregrine  (Perry)  at  Buck-les- 
ham,  near  the  coast,  5  miles  S.  E.  of  Ipswich,  at  head  of  river  Orwell,  Estuary.  Suffolk 
Co.,  adjoining  Essex  Co.  on  N.  E.  and  68  miles  by  Great  Eastern  Railway  to  London.  In 
1785  Ipswich  contained  the  largest  agricultural  implement  manufactory  in  the  world,  the 
Orwell  Works,  covering  13  acres  and  employing  over  1.400  hands,  with  a  population  in 
1891  of  17,625,  some  of  whom  emigrated  to  Ipswich,  a  river  port,  situated  near  mouth  of 
Ipswich  River,  Great  Neck  coast,  Essex  Co.,  Mass..  25  miles  N.  E.  Boston,  with  a  popula- 
tion of  4,720  in  1S95,  being  similarly  situated  and  named  after  Ipswich.  Eng. 

Extinct  and  Dormant  Baronetcies  by  John  B.  Burke.  London,  1844.  Buck  of  Ham  by 
Grange,  pages  91  and  92.  Sir  John  of  Hamby  Grange  in  the  County  of  Lincoln  served 
under  the  Lord  Willougbliy  in  Holland  and  was  provost  marshal  of  the  army  under 
Earl  Seymour  of  Essex,  at  Cadiz,  Spain,  where  he  was  Knighted.  He  purchased  Hamby 
from  the  Lord  Deputy,  Sir  Henry  Sidney,  in  1584.  He  md.  Eleanor,  dau.  and  heir  of 
John  Wymarke,  Esq.,  of  Gretford  in  Lincolnshire,  and  had  issue:     1st  John,  his  heir;  2d 

170 


Our  English  Forebears  in  the  Buck  Family.     Lincolnshire.    Berkshire. 

Edward,  md.  Elizabeth,  dau.  of  John  Claydon,  of  Loudon;  3d  Peregrine;  and  41li  Annie 
Sir  John  died  Nov.  20,  1586.  Buried  at  Cripplegate,  London,  St.  Giles  Ch.,  a  Knight.  Sir 
John  Buck  of  Hamby  Grange  who  was  Knighted  by  King  James  the  1st  with  several  oth- 
ers (notably  Sir  George  Buck,  a  grandson,  Knighted  July  26,  1603)  at  Whitehall  (Gov. 
Offices.  London  I  July  23,  1603,  before  his  majesty's  coronation.  He  md.  Elizabeth,  dau. 
and  heir  of  William  Green,  Esq..  of  Filey  in  Yorkshire  and  had  children:  1st  John,  his 
successor;  2d  Robert;  3d  Elizabeth;  and  4th  Mary  md.  James  Vernon  of  Hanbury,  Staf- 
ford Co.,  1635.  He  died  in  1618.  1st  John  Buck  of  Hamby  Grange  was  created  a  Baronet 
by  King  Charles  2d,  Dec.  22d.  1GG0.  2d  Sir  William  Buck,  a  successor  of  Hamby  Grange, 
this  gentleman  md.  Frances,  dau.  of  Daniel  Skinner,  merchant  of  London.  3d  Sir  Charles 
Buck,  successor  of  Hamby  Grange,  who  md.  Mary,  dau.  of  George  Cartwright,  Esq.,  of 
Ossington.  Notts,  but  they  dying  S.  P.  (without  issue)  June  7th,  1782,  the  Baronetcy  ex- 
pired.    Created  Dec.  22d,  1660.     Extinct  June  7th,  1782. 

Right  Hon.  James  Vernon  of  Hanbury  in  Staffordshire,  md.  about  1635,  Mary,  dau. 
of  John  Buck  of  Lincolnshire.  He  was  Secretary  of  State,  1607  to  1700,  and  father  of 
the  Eng.  Admiral  Edward  Vernon.      (1684-1759). 

The  ancient  family  of  Vernon  of  Hanbury,  Staffordshire,  and  of  Haddon  Hall  on  the 
Wye  in  Derbyshire  for  over  700  years. 

The  basis  of  the  romance  of  "Dorothy  Vernon  of  Haddon  Hall,"  dau.  of  Sir  George 
Vernon,  is  laid  here  in  early  reign  of  Queen  Elizabeth  and  Mary  Queen  of  Scots,  1553  lis. 
After  the  marriage  of  her  sister,  Margaret,  to  I^ord  James  Stanley,  son  of  the  Earl  of 
Derby,  who  died  childless,  she  md.  in  1567,  Sir  John  Manners  of  Belvoir  Castle,  son  of 
the  Duke  of  Rutland,  and  inherited  "Haddon  Hall"  (of  26,973  acres  in  1873)  and  Lord 
Vernon's  "Sudbury  Hall"  (of  6,154  acres)  and  thus  (she  being  his  only  child)  making 
one  of  the  largest  estates  in  all  England. 

Tn  England  the  right  of  primogeniture  still  remains  and  the  family  name  descends 
to  the  oldest  son  and  it  not  only  descends  to  him,  but  continues  its  descent  through  him 
to  his  son  and  his  son's  son  and  is  not  subject  to  alienation  as  long  as  there  are  sons  and 
afterward  to  the  daughters,  or  other  sons  of  the  family  if  there  are  any. 

Among  the  many  country  villas  and  famous  homes  of  England  these  semi-rural  es 
tates  and  stately  dwellings  of  the  wealthy  barons  and  upper  class  successors  are  a 
precious  heritage  of  the  past.  With  them  are  ever  associated  those  ideas  of  home  and 
comfort  that  result  from  long  established  custom  and  usage.  In  all  parts  of  the  country 
are  to  be  found  these  antique  and  picturesque  relics  of  a  quiet  and  homely  life,  amid 
stirring  events,  that  were  substantially  erected  by  the  founders  and  native  craftsmen  and 
architects  of  the  bygone  days  and  generations. 

County  Genealogies  by  William  Barry,  Kent  Co..  pages  93,  99  and  100,  London,  1830. 
John  Buck  of  Co.  Berks.  (Arms  and  Crest).  Thomas  Buck  of  Southampton  (one  of 
the  fairest  seaport  cities  in  all  England  on  Southampton  Water,  Hampshire  Co.,  79  miles 
S.  W.  of  London  and  Rochester). 

Sir  Peter  Buck  of  the  city  of  Rochester,  Knighted  by  James  1st  in  1603.  Rochester 
is  opposite  Chatham  in  middle  of  Kent  Co.  on  the  Medway  River  33  miles  from  London. 

Peter  Buck,  Esq.,  son  and  heir  by  2d  marriage,  actor,  1609. 

Peter  Buck,  son  and  heir.  Aet.  7,  1619.      (Then  7  years  of  age). 

John  Buck  of  Berkshire,  engraver. 

John.  2d  son,  Aet.  2,  1619.      (Page  100). 

Samuel  Buck  ob.  (died)  1714,  buried  at  St.  Mary's  of  Canterbury  (Abbey  at  \ork,  on 
river  Stour,  in  N.  E.  of  Kent  Co.,  55  miles  from  London). 

Thomas  Buck,  bn.  at  Feversham  (near  Cambridge)  Nov.  3,  1758,  ob.  (died)  an  infant. 

(Page  98) 

Thomas  Buck  of  Southampton,  printer  to  the  University  of  Cambridge,  London,  1673. 

John  Buckeridge  of  "Marlborough  Theological  College,"  Wiltshire,  Bishop  of  Roches- 
ter in  1611,  preached  to  King  James  1st  at  Hampton  Court. 

Thomas  Buck,  bn.  Sept.  28,  1709,  at  Sturry,  on  the  river  Stour,  near  Canterbury,  East 

John  C.  Buckmaster.  Art  Division,  South  Kensington,  Crystal  Palace,  International 
London  Exhibition  of  1851.  ,  .  ^T 

Monastic  priory  and  abbey  of  St.  Albans,  Hertfordshire,  24  miles  N.  W.  of  London 
on  Great  Northern  Railway  lines,  was  established  there  in  793  and  1140  in  Stephen  s 
reign  dissolved  in  1549.  since  1767  the  seat  of  the  Earls  of  Essex  and  called  '  Cashiobury 
Hall"'  near  "Buck  Hill  Park"  of  6,157  acres.     A  magnificent  pile,  overlooking  the  river 

171 


Our   English    Forebears   in    the   Hick   Family.     Berkshire.     English    Country    Seats.    A 
Baronial  Manor  House  and  Country  scut  0}  the  Bucks. 

Colne  and  Watford  valleys,  with  winding  streams,  dunes,  fords,  parks,  country  seats  and 
villages  dotted  all  over  this  luxurient  country  in  grandeur  unsurpassed  in  all  rural  Eng- 
land. Chester  in  West  Cheshire,  an  ancient  city  on  the  river  Dee.  20  miles  from  the 
sea  and  16  miles  S.  E.  of  Liverpool,  traversed  hy  Roman  roads  and  surrounded  by  walls 
is  one  of  the  oldest  in  England.  "Caesar's  Tower"  on  "the  Castle"  and  the  "Ship  Gate" 
outside,  still  attest  the  occupation  of  the  20th  Legion.  After  the  departure  of  the  Ro- 
mans, Chester  was  occupied,  as  appears,  by  Britons,  Saxons  and  Danes.  Earl  Ethelred 
restored  it  in  908.  and  Edmund  occupied  it  in  942.  After  the  conquest,  the  Earldom  was 
granted  to  Gherbold,  a  noble  Fleming.  After  him,  Hugh  Lupus,  nephew  of  the  Con- 
queror, occupied  it  as  Earl  for  some  time.  After  these  Norman  Earls,  Henry  3d  seized 
the  Earldom  and  his  son  Edward  1st  bridged  it,  and  ever  since  it  has  been  an  appanage  of 
the  crown.  Upon  its  tower,  Sept.  27,  1G45,  stood  King  Charles  1st  and  saw  his  army  de- 
feated and  yield  to  Cromwell,  and  the  Duke  of  Monmouth,  son  of  Charles  2d.  favored  and 
victorious  here  in  1683,  was  defeated  at  Sedgemoor.  near  here  in  1685,  the  last  battle 
fought  on  English  soil. 

No  banner  floats  upon  its  former  tower  or  keep. 

No  warden's  sentinels  line  its  massive  castle  wall. 

The  shouts  of  war  and  wassail  stilled  forever  sleep, 

Echoes  alone  resound  in  great  oaken  banquet  hall. 

The  lights  are  fled,  where  armored  Knights  once  tread 

Deserted,  the  stately  march  and  flow  and  tramp  of  rank  and  file 

Whose  faded  garlands  now  enclose  the  noble  honored  dead. 

Imposing  ruins,  dismantled,  roofless,  crumbling  walls  and  tile. 

Ami  so,  along  the  castellated  way  is  Buckburg  Castle  and  Buckley  Hall, 

Historic  spot  of  all  to  bold  in  reverence,  that  is  ancient  rastle  Lis'le. 

And  still  later  Buck's  Castro,  near  Halton  Bucks,  and  now  is  all 

Of  old  Buckland's  once  famous  battlements  and  baronial  pile. 

In  Buck's  Castro  (Castle)  at  Halton,  Walter  Buck  was  located  in  1273.  Halton  and 
Buckland  are  in  Bucks  Co.,  Eng.,  middle  east  side  in  the  Chilton  Hills  and  Hundreds. 
South  Wolds.  Midland  Railway,  Halton,  Chilton  and  Buckland  are  all  near  Aylesbury, 
with  Bucknell  at  Bichester,  the  probable  seat  of  the  Castle.  As  we  see  it  now  in  a 
beautiful  valley  surrounded  by  romantic  hills  it  is  true  Buck's  Devon  and  Yorkshire 
County  of  gentle  undulating  hills  and  hollows,  hedge  banks,  witb  lanes  dipping  down  or 
going  up  over  the  far  shaded  hills  and  coppices,  shadowy  nooks  and  corners  and  waving 
fields  of  wheat  and  corn,  orchards  and  groves  of  walnut,  broad  meadows  and  pastures 
with  cattle  grazing  and  little  purling  springs  and  streams  where  there  is  need  for  drink, 
and  brooks  for  irrigation  bordered  in  luxuriance.  But  the  downs  along  the  cliff  and  the 
lea.  all  gorse  and  ferns  are  both  wild  and  green. 

The  combe  ends  in  a  sandy  cove  with  grey-rock  castellated  walls  on  one  side  and 
pinkish  white  cliffs,  away  to  the  headland  on  the  other  side,  with  a  railway  town  and  coast 
guard  station.  The  "Castle"  lies  mostly  in  a  sequestered  spot  high  up  the  valley  with  a 
sweeping  country  and  castle-studded  town  and  neighborhood  view  unsurpassed  in  front; 
behind  is  a  rise  of  sheltering  hills,  orchards,  gardens  and  farm  houses  around  and  beyond 
a  sweep  of  lawn  and  shaded  down. 

The  "old  Manse,"  or  "Baronial  Manor  house"  of  a  later  period,  dating  back  nearly 
two  hundred  years,  which  had  from  time  to  time  been  restored  and  partly  rebuilt  and 
the  preceding  generations  had  converted  into  something  like  a  stronghold,  was  a  long, 
stately,  white  building  with  three  levels  of  great  square  chimneys  with  ample  fire-places, 
beneath  curb-roof,  tower  and  2nd  story  dormit  windows,  outside  stuccoed  with  snlashes 
of  brown  and  patches  of  moss  over  the  brown  stone  or  brick,  and  solidly  built  will  stand 
a  few  centuries  longer.  They  say  the  front  door  of  oak  with  brass  and  iron  knocker, 
lock  and  hinges,  is  three  hundred  years  old  at  least.  You  can  hardly  touch  the  high- 
arched,  armorial  ceilings  with  your  hand,  and  "the  antlers  of  a  Buck's  head,  surrounded 
by  sword  and  shield,"  'tis  said,  "with  lance  and  musket  hanging  from  beams  o'er  head," 
still  decorate  the  walls  of  the  great  hall.  The  double  latticed  windows  certainly  might 
have  been  larger  but  not  older.  Antiquated  you  may  say.  a  heavenly  old  place  though, 
with  spirit  of  hospitality  and  good  cheer  of  punch  bowl  and  beer  mug  and  flavor  of 
apples,  pears,  and  quinces,  with  recollections  of  beef,  ham  and  bacon  seasoned  with  air 

172 


English  HomrstcmJa,  Early  Settlements  of  the  Bucks.  Buckland  and  Homelands  of  Eng- 
lish Romance.    Lorna   Doone.     Exmoor.     Gamoridgeside.     Cottage   Homes   of   England. 

and  smoke  of  good  will,  peace  and  contentment  inside,  with  sweet  briar,  honeysuckle  and 
age  stamped  all  over  it,  with  beauty  and  abundance  outside,  not  to  be  found  in  any  other 
country.  But  as  such  are  fast  giving  way  to  the  more  pretentious  and  princely  castles 
and  palaces  of  finance,  aristocracy  and  royalty,  in  later  times,  yet  we  may  find  very  man} 
still  left  in  passing  through  Essex,  Devon  and  Yorkshire  and  particularly  among  the  old 
homesteads  of  the  Bucks  and  their  posterity  and  descendants,  still  abiding  and  residing 
much  the  same  as  in  times  heretofore  in  the  older  venerated  towns  and  country  places 
of  old,  but  merry  England. 

"Stand  firm  gray  Rock!     Tough  weathered  Beams  hold  fast! 
Staunch  Walls,  proud  Roof,  Repel  ihe  warring  blast! 
Glow  warm,  deep  Hearth,  Against  the  Winter's  chill; 
Clear  Flame  of  Love,  Burn  brighter,  warmer  still!" 

The  earliest  settlements  of  the  Bucks  was  at  Halton  near  Yarm  on  the  river  Tees 
near  Cleveland  Hills  in  N.  E.  of  North  Riding  and  near  Stockton  in  Yorkshire.  Walter 
was  settled  here  in  1272.  Brompton  is  on  the  railway  near  North  Allerton  where  Robert, 
William  and  Nicholas  were  settled.  Filey  is  on  Filey  Bay,  between  Haives  and  Askrigg 
near  Bolton  Castle  on  road  from  Sedbuck  to  Severnwater  in  the  Fells  and  Moors,  where 
Sir  John  was  married  and  settled. 

Hilton  Cat  near  Buck  Tars  on  line  between  North  and  East  Riding,  south  of  Hawes, 
North  Riding,  is  where  Samuel  and  Robert  were  settled.  York  (Eboracum)  near  the 
center  of  Yorkshire  at  the  confluence  of  the  Ouse  and  Floss  waters,  one  of  the  oldest, 
richest  and  most  fertile  districts  of  all  rural  England  is  where  Thomas  and  his  de- 
scendants were  settled.  In  Bodsworth,  Lancaster  Co.,  and  Old  Malton,  near  New  Malton 
on  the  Derwent  water,  a  parliamentary  borough  22  miles  N.  E.  of  York  on  the  line  be- 
tween North  and  East  Riding,  Yorkshire,  Sir  Thomas  and  Vicar  Mathew  were  settled. 
In  Buckland.  between  Reigate  and  Dorking,  Surrey  Co.,  South,  George  and  James  were 
settled. 

Buckland  below  Royston  in  N.  E.  of  Hertford  Co.;  Buck's  Hill  S.  W.  of  Watford, 
South  Herts  Co.;  Bucknell  2  miles  from  Bichester  in  N.  E.  of  Oxford  Co.;  and  Buck- 
land  North.  Berks  Co..  near  Oxford  line,  "in  the  homelands  of  England"  were  many 
Bucks  settled  there.  In  Buckhurst  Parish,  Sussex  Co.,  north,  near  Turnbridge  Wells, 
Kent  Co.  line,  Edward.  Richard  at  Brompton.  north  of  Tiverton  on  the  Exe  water  in 
the  vale  of  Exmoor,  N.  E.  Devon,  near  Somerset  line,  the  seat  of  the  famous  Romance 
of  Lorna  Doone  by  the  noted  English  novelist  R.  D.  Blackmore,  is  laid  in  1640.  and  where 
there  were  Bouchs  (or  Bucks)  Bastards  (relatives)  and  Carews  of  the  upper  class 
families  living  there  then  forming  the  basis  of  the  story. 

Sir  Edric  (Knight)  was  at  St.  Mary's  Abbey,  in  the  Isle  of  Ely,  a  rich  market 
town  in  the  east  of  England  near  the  Ouse,  16  miles  N.  E.  of  Cambridge  in  Cambridge- 
shire during  the  oppression  and  struggles  in  the  reign  of  Henry  2d,  of  the  Norman 
Barons  against  the  Crown  (1174-84)  and  later  Eustice  was  Bishop  of  Ely  Cathedral  (1198- 
1215)  and  Robert  was  at  St.  Cuthbert  parish,  Wiltshire,  in  1286.  and  William  at  Cam- 
bridgeside  and  Yorkshire. 

The  countryside  of  Old  England  is  a  charming  and  ever  enduring  spot.  A  land  hold- 
ing us  in  historical  remembrance,  veneration  and  respect  of  our  English  forefathers 
with  their  beautiful  rural  homesteads  and  lovely  surroundings  and  environments,  as 
well  their  many  "Buckland  habitations  and  Castellated  abodes,"  that  we  have  found  in 
our  researches,  that  were  scattered  all  over  the  land  of  England,  of  which  we  also  append 
the  following  as  an  expression  of  our  love  for  the  mother  country: 

"An  ideal  cottage  I  would  have,  in  hopes 

Just  where  the  lovely  landscape  eastward  slopes. 

With  garden  hedged,  gate,  stile,  well  house  and  all 

Smothered  in  roses,  fruit  and  vine  on  sides  to  wall. 

Nothing  enchants  me  like  this  countryside 

Opening  into  fertile  valleys,  flocks  and  herds,  so  wide 

No  ordered  beauty,  but  cottage,  town,  o'er  vale  and  hill 

That  holds  the  heart  to  old  England  still 

Where  gentle  and  common  men  shall  hear  to  cheer 

His  country's  praises,  so  great,  so  sweet,  so  dear." 

173 


Homes  of  Old  England.     The  Rise  and  Fall  of  Empires.    Revelations  and  Reflections. 

No  wonder  the  English  people  appreciate  the  homes  of  old  England.  England  is 
distinctively  a  county  of  homes,  pretty  little  humble  homes  as  well  as  stately  palaces 
*  and  castles,  homes  well  made  of  stone  and  brick  and  for  the  most  part  clad  with  ivy 
and  roses  with  their  little  gardens,  hedge  rows  and  lanes.  Who  would  not  be  proud  to 
have  had  such  a  home  as  Ann  Hathaway's  humble  cottage  in  the  lake  district  at  Shot- 
tery  (still  standing  and  occupied  by  descendants  of  the  family),  or  of  Shakespeare's  (her 
lover)  more  pretentious  (their  after)  home  in  Wiltshire  at  Stratford  on  the  Avon?  The 
homes  of  America  are  often  more  palatial,  especially  in  the  larger  towns  or  small  cities, 
but  the  use  of  wood  usually  in  their  construction  renders  them  less  substantial  than  the 
slate  and  brick  houses  of  old  England.  We  subjoin  the  following  from  Mrs.  Felicia  He- 
mans,  English  poetess  (1749-1835).  ■ 

The  stately  homes  of  England!     How  beautiful  they  stand 

Amidst  their  tall  ancestral  trees,  O'er  all  the  pleasant  land! 
The  deer  across  their  greensward  bound  Through  shade  and  sunny  gleam. 

And  the  swan  glides  past  them  with  the  sound  Of  some  rejoicing  stream. 

The  merry  homes  of  England.     Around  their  hearths  at  night 

What  gladsome  looks  of  household  love  Meet  in  the  ruddy  light! 

There  woman's  voice  flows  forth  in  song,  Or  childish  tale  is  told. 
Or  lips  move  tunefully  along  Some  glorious  page  of  old. 

The  blessed  homes  of  England!      How  softly  on  their  bowers 

Is  laid  the  holy  quietness  That  breathes  from  Sabbath  hours! 
Solemn,  yet  sweet,  the  church-bells'  chime  Floats  through  their  woods  at  morn; 

All  other  sounds,  in  that  still  time,  Of  breeze  and  leaf  are  born. 

The  cottage  homes  of  England!     By  thousands  on  her  plains 

They  are  smiling  o'er  the  silvery  brooks.     And  round  the  hamlet's  fanes, 

Through  glowing  orchards  forth  they  peep,  Each  from  its  nook  of  leaves; 
And  fearless  there  the  lowly  sleep,  As  the  bird  beneath  their  eaves. 

The  free  fair  homes  of  England!      Long,  long,  in  hut  and  hall 

May  hearts  of  native  proof  be  reared  To  guard  each  hallowed  wall! 

And  green  forever  be  the  graves,  And   bright   the  flowery  sod. 

Where  first  the  child's  glad  spirit  loves  Its  country  and  its  God! 

— Mrs.  F.  1).  Hemans.  1793. 

If  we  look  to  the  past  we  shall  find  that  the  march  of  empire  ever  moves  onward. 
A  book  of  history  is  a  book  of  conquests.  See  how  the  luxurious  Babylonians  were  de- 
stroyed by  the  frugal  Persians  and  how  these  same  Persians  and  Trojans,  when  they 
had  learned  the  vices  and  corruptions  of  prosperity,  were  put  to  the  sword  of  the  Greeks. 
Read  on  and  mark  how  the  sensual  and  conquering  Greeks  were  trodden  down  by  the 
more  robust  and  hardier  Romans  and  finally  how  the  Romans  having  lost  their  many 
virtues  were  subdued  by  the  nations  of  the  north,  and  so  it  is  ever  thus  shown  as 
displayed  in  the  emptiness  of  a  vainglorious  human  grandeur.  Monarchies  that  have 
become  despotic  or  licentious  sooner  or  later  are  overthrown,  and  empires  and  republics 
that  have  risen  in  an  inordinate  and  unholy  sway  soon  degenerate,  crumble  and  pass 
away. 

On  the  pages  of  the  world's  history  is  written  largely  the  fact  that  though  nations 
rise  and  fall,  though  men  come  and  go,  though  the  tides  of  human  affairs  ebb  and  flow, 
above  all  God  sits  upon  the  flood,  as  an  over-ruling  power,  the  same  yesterday,  today  and 
for  evermore.  And  so  from  these  revelations  and  reflections  we  can  measure  the  errors, 
follies,  vanities  and  corruptions  of  the  past  and  see  in  the  peaceful  possibilities  of  the 
future  a  more  noble  and  virtuous  attainment  in  the  life  of  man.  A  large  part  of  the 
world's  history  has  in  fact  been  determined  by  the  strength  and  character  of  the  people, 
rather  than  by  the  means  and  resources  of  war  by  which  their  cities  and  habitations 
were  laid  waste  and  population  destroyed.  The  Recessional,  by  Rudyard  Kipling,  English 
poet,  1865,  is  one  of  the  most  popular  poems  of  this  century.  It  is  a  warning  to  an  age 
and  a  nation  drunk  with  power,  a  rebuke  to  materialistic  tendencies  and  boastfulness, 
a  protest  against  pride. 

"Reverence  is  the  master-key  of  knowledge." 

174 


The  Recessional.     Killing,   English    Author.     1865.     .1    Bit   of   English    History.     Crow,- 

wellian  Period.    Mivnh  Clarke.     Mortara  Edgar.     Church   Hist.     Independents  and  Pun 

tuns.     Email ut ion  to  Holland  and  New  England. 

God  of  our  fathers,  known  of  old — Lord  of  our  far-flung  battle  line 

Beneath  whose  awful  hand  we  hold  dominion  over  palm  and  pine — 
Lord  God  of  Hosts,  be  with  us  yet.     Lest  we  forget — lest  we  forget! 

The  tumult  and  the  shouting  dies — The  captains  and  the  kings  depart — 
Still  stands  Thine  ancient  sacrifice.     An  humble  and  a  contrite  heart. 
Lord  God  of  Hosts,  be  with  us  yet.     Lest  we  forget — lest  we  forget! 

Far-called  our  navies  melt  away — On  dune  and  headland  sinks  the  fire — 

Lo,  all  our  pomp  of  yesterday  Is  one  with  Ninevah  and  Tyre! 
Judge  of  the  Nations,  spare  us  yet.     Lest  we  forget — lest  we  forget! 

If  drunk  with  sight  of  power  we  loose  Wild  tongues  that  have  not  Thee  in  awe — 

Such  boastings  as  the  Gentiles  use,  Or  lesser  breeds  without  the  law — 
Lord  God  of  Hosts,  be  with  us  yet.     Lest  we  forget — lest  we  forget! 

For  heathen  heart  that  puts  her  trust  in  reeking  tube  and  iron  shard — 

All  valiant  dust  that  builds  on  dust.  And  guarding  calls  not  Thee  to  guard — 
For  frantic  boast  and  foolish  word.     Thy  mercy  on  Thy  people,  Lord!     Amen. 

— Rudyard  Kipling. 

As  it  is  with  nations  so  it  is  with  individuals,  witness  the  reign  of  James  2d,  the 
blackest  and  most  lamentable  page  in  English  history,  almost  rivalling  the  French 
Inquisition  of  1255  and  the  later  Sack  of  Rome  in  1527  and  reign  of  Terror  of  1793  in 
bloodthirsty  cruelty  and  oppression.  His  minions,  cavaliers  and  bloody  Assizes  bound, 
ravished,  wasted  and  dispoiled  his  kingdom,  preceded  as  it  was  in  contrast  by  the  just  and 
careful  upbuilding  and  vigorous  administration  of  Oliver  Cromwell,  the  Protector  of  the 
Commonwealth,  who  had  made  the  name  of  England  in  the  Cromwellian  period,  "when 
she  was  without  a  King."  so  glorious  throughout  the  world.  In  verification  of  which 
read  the  narrations  of  "Micah  Clarke,"  by  A.  Conan  Doyle,  founded  on  facts,  and  also  a 
"Child's  History  of  England,"  by  Charles  Dickens,  both  of  London,  and  English  writers 
of  repute  that  would  have  no  object  to  mislead  or  prevaricate  the  truth.  Also  see  case 
of  "Mortara  Edgar,"  on  Catholicism,  in  "Int.  Cyclo.  Vol.  10,  page  229,"  for  further  refer- 
ence. 

Under  James  the  1st  the  Catholics  and  Protestants  were  both  striving  for  the  suprem- 
acy and  the  Virginia  colony  was  sent  out  in  1(107  and  afterward  established  under  the 
Church  of  England.  In  the  reign  of  Charles  1st,  1625,  the  sect  called  Independents  were 
particularly  hostile  to  the  atrocious  acts  of  the  monarchy  as  well  as  the  established 
church. 

In  1642  the  extensions  of  forced  loans  called  tonnage  and  poundage,  since  Edward  3d, 
and  levy  of  "Ship  Money"  for  equipment  of  a  fleet  of  Charles  1st,  gave  great  offence  to 
the  people  and  under  the  influence  of  Archbishop  Laird  the  liturgy  was  altered  and  the 
ritual  increased  by  the  addition  of  many  of  the  ceremonial  observances  of  the  Church  of 
Rome.  This  was  the  cause  of  great  displeasure  to  the  sect  of  Puritans,  as  well  as  the 
Protestants  in  general.  The  Puritans,  so  called  from  their  strict  principles  and  austerity 
of  life,  greatly  increased  in  numbers  and  influence  during  the  reign  of  James  1st  and 
some  of  them,  disgusted  with  the  King's  high  handed  measures,  especially  against  those 
who  refused  to  conform  to  the  established  church,  emigrated  to  Holland,  but  not  finding 
the  toleration  and  freedom  from  persecution  they  expected  there  at  Leyden.  after  two 
years,  returned  to  England  and  afterward  set  sail  from  Southampton  for  New  England 
where  they  made  the  settlement  at  Plymouth  in  1620,  exiles  from  England  finally  taking 
refuge  in  America. 

Friends,  relatives  and  cozy  homes  they  left  behind  them.  Little  did  they  know  Hie 
privations  and  sorrows  awaiting  them  ere  they  would  have  equal  comforts  free  from 
priestly  rule  in  a  new  untried  refuge,  a  savage  wilderness  beyond  the  sea,  leaving-  the 
mother  country,  the  one  that  was  dear  to  them,  and  it  cost  them  many  a  pang  to  think 
of  tearing  away  from  all  that  they  had  loved  and  cherished.  Many  of  the  former  dis 
senters,  chiefly  the  sect  styled  Independents,  to  avoid  a  conformity  with  the  established 
church  of  the' laws  required,  emigrated  to  New  England  in  1637  to  40  and  founded  Mas- 
sachusetts and  the  colonies  in  that  country  where  they  could  find  relief  by  laying  the 
foundation  for  better  and  freer  institutions  in  the  new  lands  of  North  America. 

175 


War  of  i)ir  Covenanters.     James.  Duke  of  Monmouth.     Reign   of  James  2d.     Rye  House 
Plot.     Earl    of    Argyle    Defeated.     Monmouth    Defeated.     The    Bloody    Assizes.     Kirk's 

Lambs.     J iiihie  Jeffries. 

In  attempting  to  enforce  these  unjust  laws  upon  the  Scottish  people,  Oliver  Crom- 
well, Sir  Henry  Vane,  Sir  Thomas  Fairfax  and  others  opposed  it,  and  it  afterward  led  to 
the  war  of  the  Covenanters  and  the  series  of  victories  gained  at  Edgehill.  Warwickshire, 
in  1642;  Neseby  (elevated  tableland)  in  the  Midlands  (center  of  Eng.)  Jan.  14,  1645; 
Marston  Moor,  in  the  north  of  England,  July  2,  1644;  Dunbar,  Sept.  3,  1650;  Worcester, 
Sept.  13.  1651;  and  Bothwell  Bridge,  Jan.  22.  1679;  which  led  to  the  revocation  of  the 
Edict  of  Nantes  (The  Edict  of  Nantes  of  1598  of  France,  of  "Liberty  of  worship"  being  re- 
voked in  1685,  before  encouraged  James  2d  in  his  acts  I  and  intolerant  spirit  toward  the 
faith  of  the  Protestants  and  Independents  and  final  parliamentary  jurisdiction  in  1640  of 
Oliver  Cromwell,  as  protector  of  the  Commonwealth.  To  the  return  of  Charles  2d,  after 
the  death  of  Cromwell  and  abdication  of  his  son,  through  the  Royalists,  "church  and 
state  men,"  and  Presbyterians,  forming  a  coalition  against  the  Dissenters  and  Independ- 
ents, "root  and  branch  men"  and  "roundheads,"  as  they  were  called,  to  his  restoration 
May  8th.  1660. 

But  the  grievances  of  the  country  established  by  the  Independents  in  1645  in  the 
reign  of  Charles  1st  led  to  the  cause  and  claim  as  the  rightful  heir  to  the  throne,  of  that 
unfortunate  Protestant  chieftain  James,  Duke  of  Monmouth,  son  of  Charles  2d  and  Lucy 
Waters  of  the  Hague,  who  md.  in  1665  Annie  Scott,  dau.  of  the  Duke  or  Earl  of  Buccleigh, 
the  wealthiest  heiress  of  Scotland.  He  was  made  "Duke  of  Orkney  and  Monmouth  and 
Knight  of  the  Garter,"  and  was  also  acknowledged  by  both  colleges  and  at  court  was 
treated  as  a  prince  of  the  blood  and  was  Captain-General  of  the  King's  forces  and  had 
served  with  valor  in  the  Dutch  and  French  wars  of  1665  to  7,  and  against  the  Scotch 
Covenanters  in  1675,  led  a  contingent  against  Louis  14th  at  Battle  of  St.  Denis,  1678,  and 
was  present  at  Bothwell  Bridge  in  1679,  and  all  the  offices  of  wealth  were  showered  upon 
1 1 i in  and  he  was  admitted  to  the  Privy  Council,  and  in  1685  renewed  his  claims  to  the 
throne  as  the  rightful  heir. 

In  the  reign  of  James  2d,  Monmouth,  who  had  fled  to  Holland  after  the  "Rye  House" 
plot  of  1683  to  dethrone  Charles  and  regain  the  throne  in  which  as  supporters  Lord 
William  Russell.  Algernon  Sidney,  John  Hampden,  Robert  Devereux  the  Earl  of  Essex, 
Lord  Howard  ami  Lieut  -Col.  Walcot  were  implicated,  and  Russell  Sidney  and  Walcot 
were  summarily  beheaded  and  the  others  heavily  fined  or  imprisoned,  but  which  Mon- 
mouth escaped  by  flight  to  Holland  being  finally  pardoned,  at  the  instigation  of  his 
friends  and  supporters  renewed  his  claim  to  the  throne  by  landing  with  three  ships  and 
ion  men  at  Lyme  Regis. 

The  Earl  of  Argyle,  also  an  exiled  nobleman  of  Scotland,  who  engaging  in  his  behalf 
succeeded  in  rallying  his  Scottish  exiles  and  joined  with  Rumbold,  an  old  officer  of  the 
Cromwells  I  of  Rye  House),  who  had  landed  in  three  ships  with  his  old  foes  on  the  west- 
ern coast  of  Scotland  and  with  two  or  three  thousand  Highlanders  was  moving  on  to 
Glasgow,  but  in  the  heart  of  Mid  Lothian  was  defeated  and  taken  prisoner  by  the  royal 
forces  and  a  short  time  after  was  executed  at   Edinburg  castle. 

The  ill  fated  Monmouth,  in  attempting  to  enforce  a  simultaneous  and  popular  entry 
into  England,  after  landing  at  Lyme  in  Dorset  on  the  south  coast  with  about  100  fol- 
lowers and  being  joined  by  Lord  Grey  of  Werk.  an  unlucky  nobleman,  and  the  Dissenters, 
to  recover  the  throne  from  the  Catholic  rule,  in  all  about  1,500  men,  was  signally  de- 
feated at  the  Battle  of  Sedgemoor,  Sunday.  July  5th,  1685,  by  the  King's  trained  troops 
of  4,000  men,  encamped  and  entrenched  under  the  Earl  of  Feversham.  this  being  the  last 
real  battle  on  English  soil. 

Being  overpowered  and  in  despair  Monmouth  fled,  but  was  soon  captured  and  brought 
before  James  to  implore  his  forgiveness,  but  the  King  was  deaf  to  his  entreaties  and  he 
was  brought  out  to  be  beheaded  in  London  on  Tower  Hill.  July  15.  16S5,  in  the  36th  year 
of  his  age.  The  crowd  was  immense  and  the  tops  of  all  the  houses  were  covered  with 
gazers  who  sympathized  with  this  unfortunate  favorite  of  the  people. 

Monmouth's  army  of  1,500  raw  recruits  and  about  4,000  followers  were  mostly  killed 
or  captured  and  inhumanly  beheaded,  tortured  and  enslaved,  or  fined  and  imprisoned 
by  the  trained  troops  and  minions  of  the  King.  At  the  "Bloody  Assizes"  of  the  infamous 
Judge  Jeffries  and  Col.  "Kirk's  Lambs,"  as  he  called  them,  about  300  persons  were 
executed  after  short  trials  and  left  hanging  at  the  yard  arms,  scattered  along  the  high- 
way, as  a  warning  to  the  enslaved  in  passing  to  port  of  embarcation,  the  bodies  being 
mangled  or  steeped  in  caldrons  of  boiling  pitch  and  tar.  They  were  hunted  down  and 
very  many  were  whipped,  imprisoned  and  fined  and  nearly  1,000  were  sent  as  slaves  to 

176 


The  Duchess  of  Monmouth.    Bucking  and  BuccleucH.     Scott  and  Morton  Families.     Lord 

Cornwallis.    Reign  of  George  3d.    American  Revolution.     Surrender  of  British.      Treaty 

of  Paris.    Independence  of  Colonies.     United  States  of  America. 

the  American  plantations.  In  Hampshire,  Dorset  and  Somerset,  320  were  executed.  At 
Winchester,  Dorchester,  Exeter,  Taunton  and  Wells,  and  in  36  towns  and  villages,  600. 
Never  had  England  known  such  a  carnage.  One  woman  was  beheaded,  one  was  burned 
alive  and  800,  many  innocent  persons,  were  condemned  and  executed,  and  841  trans- 
ported. The  infection  extended  to  London.  There  was  plunder  too,  the  Queen  and  her 
maids  of  honor  trafficed  in  slaves  and  ransoms  and  Jeffries  returned  to  London  rich  with 
the  proceeds  of  the  pardons  he  had  sold.  He  was  welcomed  by  the  King  and  in  Sep- 
tember appointed  Lord  Chancellor  and  created  a  baron  and  peer  of  the  realm  in  place 
of  Lord  Guilford,  who  had  died  in  disgrace,  because  of  his  protest  against  the  high 
handed  proceedings  of  the  King. 

The  Duchess  of  Monmouth,  whose  castle  and  mansion  was  Booking,  Moor  Park  and 
Rickmansworth.  Hartford,  Essex  Co.,  sold  it  to  Morton  Styles  in  time  of  Henry  7th,  1493, 
and  Ditton  Park  was  the  English  residence  of  the  Duke  of  Buccleuch  in  Buckhampshire, 
Montague  House  being  the  London  mansion.  Buccleugh  on  the  borders  of  Scotland,  the 
title  (now  a  Dukedom)  is  one  of  the  oldest  families  in  Scotland  tracing  descent  from 
Sir  Richard  le  Scott,  in  the  reign  of  Alexander  3d,  King  of  Scotland,  1107-1124.  Annie 
Scott,  dau.  of  Thomas,  and  sister  of  Sir  Walter  Scott  of  Abbotsford,  Scot.,  and  of  the  Earl 
of  Morton  and  of  the  Morton  family,  in  1663  was  married  to  James,  Duke  of  Monmouth 
son  of  Charles  2d.  In  1673,  this  pair  were  created  Duke  and  Duchess  of  Buccleuch  and  in 
1685  Earl  and  Countess  of  Dalkeith.  The  Duchess  afterward  married  Lord  Cornwallis  by 
whom  she  had  a  son  and  two  daughters  and  died  in  1732.  The  Earldom  of  Doncaster 
and  Barony  of  Tyndale  was  restored  to  the  family  in  1743  and  her  son,  Francis  Scott 
(for  they  retained  the  Scott  name)  was  hence  a  British  peer.  A  little  later  in  the  reign 
of  George  the  3d,  1765,  England  lost  her  colonies  in  North  America  by  persisting  in  tax- 
ing them  without  their  consent.  Lord  Marquis  Charles  Cornwallis  was  the  ablest  British 
Gen.  (1738-1805)  in  the  American  war  and  after  many  hard  fought  and  futile  battles  in 
the  south,  finally  surrendering  unconditionally  to  Gen.  Washington  at  Yorktown,  Va., 
Oct.  18th,  1781,  where  he  was  signally  defeated,  virtually  ending  the  Ions  struggle  as  the 
British  had  grown  weary  of  the  war  and  with  the  northern  reverses  had  now  lost  all  hope. 
So  peace  was  declared,  giving  up  all  claim  to  the  colonies,  the  next  year,  1782,  and  sealed 
by  the  treaty  of  Paris  in  17S3. 

Gen.  Washington  resigned  his  command  of  the  American  army  and  retired  for  rest 
after  the  great  conflict  to  his  home  at  Mt.  Vernon,  but  his  service  in  securing  their  in- 
dependence was  not  forgotten  by  the  American  people  and  he  was  soon  elevated  to  the 
highest  position  of  honor  they  were  able  to  bestow  upon  an  American  citizen,  the  presi- 
dency of  a  great  commonwealth,  of  which  he  was  made  the  first  April  30,  1789,  at  New 
York  City,  then  the  seat  of  government,  but  which  was  removed  to  Philadelphia  in  1791, 
and  finally  to  Washington,  D.  C,  in  1800. 

This  immense  country,  left  to  itself,  became  the  United  States,  one  ^of  the  greatest 
nations  of  the  earth,  and  the  people  of  America  educated  by  influences  and  conditions 
all  unknown  on  the  other  side  of  the  Atlantic  announce  to  the  world  "that  all  men  are 
created  free  and  equal"  and  endowed  with  certain  inalienable  rights  which  we  are  bound 
to  respect.  They  gave  their  honor,  their  fortunes,  their  lives  in  support  of  it.  Victory 
crowns  their  efforts  and  the  colonies  became  a  nation,  independent,  powerful  and  teacher 
of  all  the  nations  by  the  power  of  an  illustrious  example  in  defense  of  justice,  liberty  and 
rights  of  man.  The  republic  founded  by  the  fathers,  will  be  maintained  by  the  Eons, 
which  has  given  greater  force  to  our  national  motto:  "E  Pluribus  Unum"  (one  formed 
of  many). 

If  the  two  peoples  who  are  one  in  common  by  heritage,  love  and  sympathy  and  the 
spirit  of  forgiveness,  links  that  bind  the  new  world  to  the  old,  for  she  gave  us  our  lan- 
guage, much  of  our  literature  and  many  of  our  customs  and  laws,  but  be  true  to  their 
duty  who  can  doubt  that  the  destinies  of  the  world  in  all  that  is  ennobling  and  uplifting 
in  the  regeneration  of  the  brotherhood  of  man  as  one  of  the  leading  exponents  of  Chris- 
tianity are  in  their  hands  to  cherish,  foster  and  perpetuate,  "sicut  patribus  sit  Deus 
nobis"  (as  God  was  with  our  fathers,  so  may  he  be  with  us). 

"From  age  to  age  our  sons  must  read 
The  story  of  their  grandsires  duty  done 
And  from  their  faithfulness  take  heed 
To  guard  and  keep  what  they  have  won." 

177 


Napoleon    the    Great.     Victories.     Battle    of   Nations    at    Leipzig.     Battle    of    Waterloo. 

Story  of  the  Battle. 

From  the  "Ship  of  State."  Longfellow,   (1807-82).     Extract: 

"Sail  on,  sail  on,  0  Ship  of  State!     Sail  on,  O  Union,  strong  and  great! 
Humanity,  with  all  its  fears.  With  all  the  hopes  of  future  years 

Is  hanging  breathless  on  thy  fate!     We  know  what  Master  laid  thy  keel, 
What  Workman  wrought  thy  ribs  of  steel.  Who  made  each  mast  and  sail  and  rope; 

What  anvils  rang,  what  hammers  beat,  In  what  a  forge  and  what  a  heat 
Were  forged  the  anchors  of  thy  hope!      Fear  not  each  sudden  sound  and  shock — 

Tis  of  the  wave  and  not  the  rock!      Tis  but  the  napping  of  the  sail, 
And  not  a  rent  made  by  the  gale!     In  spite  of  rock  and  tempest's  roar, 

In  spite  of  false  lights  on  the  shore.  Sail  on.  nor  fear  to  breast  the  sea! 
Our  hearts,  our  hopes,  are  all  with  thee.     Our  hearts,  our  hopes,  our  prayers,  our  tears, 

Our  faith  triumphant  o'er  our  fears.  Are  all  with  thee,  are  all  with  thee! 

— Henry  W.  Longfellow. 

"Some  talk  of  Alexander  and  Lisander  and  some  of  Hercules, 
Of  Hector  or  Achilles,  and  such  great  names  as  these." 

But  Napoleon's  name  fills  more  pages  in  the  world's  solemn  history  than  that  of  any 
other  mortal  and  the  advance  of  his  grand  army  into  Russia  is  the  turning  point  of  his 
career  and  marks  the  beginning  of  his  downfall.  After  having  ravaged  Italy  and  given 
first  command  as  General  at  Siege  of  Toulon  Nov.  10,  1793,  Napoleon  early  in  his  career, 
1794,  inaugurated  the  conquest  of  Austrian  Flanders  and  of  Holland  and  the  whole  of  the 
left  bank  of  the  Rhine  was  in  French  occupancy  but  since  the  Napoleonic  wars  they  have 
regained  their  possessions  by  treaty,  and  the  war  passed  over  to  the  right  bank  and  Bel- 
gium was  subdued  and  ceded  to  France  in  1795. 

The  brilliant  exploits  of  the  young  general.  Napoleon  Bonaparte,  won  the  admiration 
of  the  world  and  he  was  made  first  Consul  Dec.  24,  1799,  and  when  the  people  of  France 
called  him  to  the  throne  he  was  made  Emperor  of  the  French  May  18,  1S04.  And  so  the 
indiscriminate  conquest  of  power  and  plunder  and  spoils  went  on  and  he  led  his  armies 
into  the  most  fruitful  plains  of  the  world,  the  southern  Orient.  Egypt,  Turkey  and  Asia 
Minor  and  Spain,  to  the  northern  plains  of  Europe,  Russia,  Austria,  Switzerland,  Prussia 
and  the  Tyrol,  for  there  he  found  honor  and  fame  and  wealth,  not  only  the  great  victories 
he  had  achieved  at  Merango.  June  14,  1800;  Austerlitz.  Dec.  2,  1805;  Jena,  180G;  Wagram, 
July  5  and  6,  1809;  and  Borilino,  Sept.  6.  1812;  "but  in  marshalling  his  thundering  le- 
gions and  longing  for  other  worlds  to  conquer." 

But  the  Napoleon  of  1815  with  all  his  invincibles  and  body  guards  was  vastly  in- 
ferior to  the  Bonaparte  of  1796,  and  after  the  defeat  at  Leipzig,  in  the  "Battle  of  the  Na- 
tions," Oct.  16  to  19,  1813,  his  star  began  to  wane,  he  was  overpowered,  for  never  in  all 
his  life  could  an  army  no  larger  than  his  own  make  headway  against  the  Emperor,  and 
so  was  compelled  to  abdicate  the  throne  and  retire  to  Elba,  and  after  bis  return  to  Paris, 
it  finally  came  to  an  end  in  the  last  phase  of  the  three  short  days,  17th  to  19th  of  June, 
1815,  in  the  great  "Battle  of  Waterloo,"  one  of  the  decisive  battles  and  turning  points  in 
the  world's  history. 

The  campaign  was  laid  in  Belgium.  The  English  under  Wellington  had  their  head- 
quarters at  Brussels  with  105.950  men.  The  Prussians  under  Blucher  at  Liege,  Ligny, 
with  116,897  men,  who  had  deserted  Napoleon  as  an  ally  and  feudatory  and  made  an  al- 
liance with  the  European  powers,  Austria,  Russia  and  England,  and  promised  to  unite 
with  Wellington  for  Napoleon's  overthrow.  Napoleon  came  from  Paris,  taking  every- 
thing in  his  way  and  was  at  Liege  with  Nye  and  Grouchy  and  his  veterans  to  support 
him  with  an  army  of  122,401  men.  So  the  armies  were  destined  to  come  together  in  the 
greatest  battle  of  the  greatest  generals  ever  enacted  in  the  theater  of  Europe. 

Napoleon  led  the  advance  and  hastened  on  to  separate  the  armies  and  at  the  head 
engaged  Blucher  at  Ligny,  June  16th,  who  was  defeated  and  wounded,  but  the  Prussians 
under  Bulow,  through  the  culpable  indecision  or  indiscretion  of  Grouchy,  with  33,000 
men,  who  mistaking  orders,  went  fighting  in  the  wrong  direction  after  them  and  were  al- 
lowed to  escape,  while  Marshal  Ney  was  being  engaged  leading  71,000  men  against  Wel- 
lington with  80.000  English,  Belgians  and  Hanoverians  at  Quatre  Bras. 

Both  fought  victoriously,  their  French  troops  shouting  "Vive  I'  empereur"  (long  live 
the  Emperor)  shooting  down  armies  by  projectiles  of  grape  shot  and  canister  as  they  had 

178 


Battle   Of   Waterloo.      Stori/    in    Detail.      A  nuttier    Version. 

done  for  15  years.  Napoleon's  armies  had  240  guns,  while  their  opponents  had  but  15U, 
but  the  incessant  rains  had  intervened  and  he  could  not  bring  his  artillery  to  bear  as 
Wellington  was  thoroughly  entrenched  on  higher  ground  at  Mount  St.  Jean,  protected  on 
the  right  by  the  strong  chateau  of  the  Hougamont  and  roadstead  thereabout,  on  one  side, 
and  by  a  deep  ravine  on  the  other  side  in  front,  and  their  left  occupying  the  stone  farm 
buildings  of  La  Hye  Sainte. 

The  French  were  ranged  on  a  parallel  row  of  eminences  having  La  Belle  Alliance  in 
their  center,  with  a  few  divisions  of  cavalry  and  infantry  in  reserve  behind  the  right 
wing,  Kellerman's  dragoons  behind  the  left  wing,  and  Napoleon  and  the  guard  stationed 
with  the  6th  corps  in  the  rear,  joined  with  Ney  to  direct  the  battle  on  the  morning  of  the 
ISth,  when  the  attack  commenced  under  Ney  and  the  veteran  troops  who  had  so  en- 
thusiastically ranked  themselves  once  more  under  the  standard  of  the  chief  who  had  so 
often  lead  them  on  to  victory.  But  as  the  battle  progressed  in  repeated  attempts  to 
break  and  carry  the  center,  in  trying  to  dislodge  them,  Ney  after  having  five  horses  shot 
out  from  under  him,  in  the  hottest  of  the  fight  when  both  sides  were  "nearly  victorious" 
but  still  despairing,  called  on  Napoleon  for  reenforcements  but  alas  there  were  none  as 
the  eairursiers  lancers  and  chasseurs  of  the  guard  and  whole  mounted  reserve  were  ruth- 
lessly mowed  and  depleted  with  great  slaughter  on  both  sides  and  sacrifice  of  18,000  of 
the  finest  cavalry  ever  seen.  The  Scotch  Greys,  fortunately,  were  held  in  reserve  by 
Wellington,  but  were  at  last  let  loose  to  lead  the  charge  and  complete  his  victory. 

As  Grouchy,  insensible  to  the  heavy  cannonading,  or  in  fealty  to  his  orders,  moving 
in  the  wrong  direction,  failed  to  come  to  his  support  and  so  was  led  off  and  betrayed  by 
Bourmont.  Ney  was  deprived  by  this  fatal  misunderstanding  of  the  division  under 
Grouchy,  and  Bulow  who  had  escaped  through  a  lucky  combination  of  circumstances 
with  his  artillery,  returning  in  a  roundabout  way  two  days  after  on  the  eve  of  the 
18th,  finally  effected  a  junction  with  Wellington,  who  was  near  retreat.  When 
Blucher's  army  came  upon  the  field  the  British  still  held  the  Hougemont,  but  the  French 
had  taken  La  Haye  Sainte,  and  the  British  line  was  also  driven  in  at  several  points  in 
the  center  and  some  of  their  troops  had  taken  flight,  spreading  the  news  in  Brussels,  that 
Napoleon  was  completely  victorious.  And  so  Wellington  and  Blucher  became  united. 
Ney  then  still  advancing  but  finally  was  overpowered  and  defeated  and  Napoleon  was  left 
fighting  in  a  hollow  square  and  was  soon  overcome  by  the  heavy  artillery  and  fresli  ac- 
cession of  superior  numbers  and  his  men  instead  of  shouting  "vive  1'  empereur,"  the  cry 
of  "sauve  qui  peut"  (save  himself  who  can)  rose  from  the  guard  and  he  was  swept  from 
the  field  in  a  rout  unparalleled  in  history  and  so  lost  his  last  battle,  the  note  of  which  was 
sounded  in  his  defeat  at  Leipsic,  Oct.  19,  1813,  of  the  death  knell  of  the  old  warrior  of 
100  battles,  who  once  was  almost  omnipotent.  The  catastrophe  of  Waterloo  was  a  death 
blow  to  the  Empire  from  which  it  never  recovered  and  has  since  been  racked  and  de- 
pleted by  warfare. 

In  Hainault.  province  of  Barbant,  Belgium,  lies  the  forest  of  Soigines,  at  whose  south- 
ern extremity  is  situated  the  famous  "Battlefield  of  Waterloo"  91i  miles  southeast  of 
Brussels.  The  scene  of  carnage  is  now  marked  by  an  immense  stone  Lion.  "Sic  Transit 
Gloria  Mundi."  (So  passes  away  earthly  glory).  On  Oct.  18,  1913,  was  dedicated  the 
world's  most  tremendous  memorial,  the  "Leipzig  Monument"  commemorating  the  "Battle 
of  the  Nations." 

Thus  Napoleon  was  overpowered  by  the  other  European  Sovereigns  in  the  Battle  of 
the  Nations,  Oct.  19,  1813,  and  he  abdicated  the  throne  and  retired  to  Elba  for  a  while, 
but  on  Sunday,  June  18,  1815,  the  English  war  against  Napoleon  which  had  been  carried 
on  almost  constantly  since  his  return  and  accession  to  power  culminated  in  the  decisive 
battle  of  Waterloo. 

Napoleon  had  crossed  the  Belgian  frontier  in  order  that  he  might  come  up  with  the 
British  before  they  could  form  a  junction  with  their  Prussian  allies,  as  Wellington  had 
planned  to  form  a  junction  with  Blucher  and  then  march  on  Paris,  and  to  prevent  this 
Napoleon  at  once  attacked  the  Prussians  at  Ligny  and  drove  them  from  their  position  and 
sent  Grouchy  in  pursuit  with  33.000  men  to  cut  off  their  union  with  the  British,  and  with 
the  rest  of  liis  troops  crossed  to  Quatre  Bras,  and  uniting  with  Marshal  Ney.  marched  in 
pursuit  of  Wellington  arriving  on  the  plain  of  Waterloo  on  the  eve  of  the  17th.  Ney 
leading  against  Wellington  with  20,000  men  was  still  advancing,  but  from  the  excessive 
rain  and  the  softness  of  the  ground,  could  not  bring  his  artillery  to  bear  as  he  had  an- 
nihilated  armies  before,   and   as   Wellington    was  well   entrenched   at   Waterloo,   behind 


179 


Napoleon's  Downfall.  Elba.  fit.  Helena.  Death.  Sarcophagus  at  Paris.  Monument  at 
Washington.     Reflections  as  Embodied  in  Verse.     Hannibal  the  Great.     Invasion  of  Italy. 

Brazen  Memorial  Tablet. 

walls  and  moat,  his  cavalry  could  not  dislodge  him.  As  the  battle  progressed  and  the 
solid  squares  melted  away  under  the  murderous  fire,  and  line  after  line  came  forward  to 
fill  the  places  of  the  fallen  dead  and  dying,  Ney  still  advancing  called  on  Napoleon  for 
reenforcements,  but  alas  there  were  none,  as  Grouchy,  not  hearing,  or  indifferent  to  the 
cannonading,  had  gone  fighting  in  some  other  direction,  and  the  "Iron  Duke"  in  the  lull 
of  expectancy  and  despair  also  exclaimed.  "O  that  night  or  Blucher  would  come!"  At 
last  Blucher  did  come  with  his  Prussians,  from  Wavre.  toward  Namior,  by  a  roundabout 
way,  with  Bulow  and  his  heavy  artillery,  and  as  Grouchy  did  not,  to  the  support  of  Nye 
or  Napoleon,  the  great  battle  was  finally  won  June  18,  1815,  by  the  combined  strength  of 
the  allies.  Grouchy  had  been  ordered  to  prevent  the  Prussians  under  Blucher  from  join- 
ing the  English  and  he  obeyed  to  the  letter,  following  up  Bourmont,  while  Bulow  eluded 
him.  Had  he  taken  the  advice  of  his  generals  it  is  said  and  marched  to  Napoleon's  aid, 
after,  in  the  hottest  of  the  battle,  he  might  have  saved  his  defeat  at  the  last.  The  im- 
pact of  Blucher's  army  was  decisive  and  they  pursued  Napoleon's  beaten  forces  all  through 
the  night  and  scattered  them  to  the  winds,  although  it  is  generally  admitted  now  that 
if  Blucher  had  not  come.  Wellington  would  have  been  beaten  and  it  is  equally  true  that 
Blucher  and  the  Prussians  alone  would  have  been  crushed  completely  by  Napoleon. 

When  all  was  over,  Wellington  said  to  Blucher.  "A  great  victory  is  the  saddest  thing 
on  earth  except  a  great  defeat,"  and  shed  tears  as  they  beheld  the  60,000  dead  and  dying. 
I  Allies  23,185,  French  32,000,  "hors  de  combat")  and  the  heroic  Ney  and  invincible 
Napoleon  in  his  downfall,  the  action  of  which  takes  place  after  his  abdication  of  the 
throne  and  retirement,  during  the  one  hundred  days,  marked  by  his  escape  from  Elba, 
the  rallying  of  his  old  guard  and  his  defeat  at  Waterloo  and  final  exile  to  St.  Helena 
where  he  died  on  the  5th  of  May,  1821,  at  sunset,  "the  man  of  destiny,"  and  on  the  9th 
was  buried  at  2:30  P.  M.  on  the  south  side  of  the  Island  in  "Shane's  Valley,"  near  his 
favorite  spring,  in  an  iron  enclosure  surrounded  by  weeping  willows. 

On  the  13th  of  Oct.,  1840,  his  sarcophagus  was  taken  from  the  tomb  at  St.  Helena, 
and  from  the  funeral  barge  and  pageant  after  being  received  in  Prance  after  25  years  ab- 
sence, amidst  a  great  demonstration  and  with  appropriate  ceremonies  was  finally  de- 
posited in  the  tomb  under  the  gilded  dome  of  the  church  of  the  Invalides,  Paris,  Dec.  15th. 
1840,  in  a  sarcophagus  of  porphyry  weighing  67  tons  in  the  crypt  below,  around  which  his 
battles  are  inscribed  with  statuary  and  battle  flags.  Thus  ended  the  career  of  one  of  the 
most  wonderful  men  the  world  has  ever  produced.  The  French  nation  erected  a  "Trium- 
phal Arch"  in  Champs-Elysees,  Paris,  as  a  monument  to  his  memory  and  fame,  but  be 
needs  none  for  he  had  already  reared  "Exege  monumentum  aera  perennius"  (a  monument 
more  durable  than  bronze  or  marble  I. 

In  the  Corcoran  Art  Galley  at  Washington,  D.  C,  is  a  marble  statue  of  Napoleon  "in 
his  last  days,"  sitting  in  his  chair  of  state,  with  his  hand  on  the  map  of  Europe  lying  in 
his  lap  on  which  he  has  been  gazing,  (it  is  a  sorrowful  look)  with  the  motto  "Gli  Ultimi 
Glorni  di  Napoleone  Primo."  It  is  a  magnificent  work  of  art  in  Italian  marble  by  Vin- 
cenzo  Vela  of  Florence  and  seems  one  of  the  most  impressive  sights  on  earth.  The  era 
of  the  great  Napoleon,  the  "Arbiter  of  Europe,"  who  commanded  in  85  pitched  battles 
and  600  skirmishes  and  never  was  seriously  wounded  or  disabled  still  remains  the  ad- 
miration and  despair  of  the  political  student.  His  commanding  intellect,  the  fascination 
of  his  personality  and  the  unparalleled  brilliancy  of  his  military  achievements  all  combine 
to  disarm  criticism. 

"Napoleon  has  gone  from  the  scenes  of  all  fighting 
He's  gone  from  the  wars  he  ever  took  delight  in 
The  trumpets  may  roar  and  the  loud  cannon  rattle 
lie  heeds  not  the  tumult!     He's  deaf  to  the  strife  and  glory  of  battle." 

Hannibal,  the  great  Carthaginian  general.  2ls-ls::  B.  C.  figured  in  the  second  Punic 
War  between  Rome  and  Carthage.  For  fifteen  years  in  204  B.  C,  Hannibal  had  main- 
tained himself  in  Italy  ravaging  it  from  end  to  end.  Locri  was  besieged  and  destroyed 
and  the  Latin  communities  of  Etruria  and  Latinum  routed  and  plundered  the  Etrurians, 
the  people  of  Etruria,  who  governed  all  Italy  from  the  Tiber  to  the  Po  and  at  one  time 
held  Rome,  which  was  a  small  town,  in  dominion  and  subjection.  Never  was  he  beaten 
in  a  single  battle.  Before  quitting  the  country  he  left  a  memorial  of  his  wonderful 
achievements.  In  the  temple  of  Juno,  on  the  I.crinian  promontory  near  Crotona,  he  in- 
scribed in  brazen  tablets  in  Punic  and  Greek  an  account  of  his  expeditions  and  campaigns 
"Pro  memoria"   (For  a  memorial)   of  which  his  history  is  largely  made  up,  the  details 

180 


Passage  of  the  Alps.     Untiles  of  the  Truceless  Wai.     Regulus  a  Captive.     Death  of  Regit 
lus.    Death   of  Hannibal.     Ancient    Carthage.     3d    Punic    War.     Roman    Carthage.     An- 
cient Germany. 

of  which  the  ancient  Greek  and  Latin  writers  declare  "that  time  is  not  long  enough,  or 
would  fail  them,  to  tell  of  all  the  battles  of  Hannibal,"  and  no  one  can  define  his  course 
of  conquest,  he  was  in  so  many  battles  at  once  and  conflicts  at  the  same  time. 

Traversing  northern  Spain  and  crossing  the  Pyrenees  and  the  Rhone  he  reached  the 
foothills  of  the  Alps  (and  many  discussions  and  controversies  have  arisen  as  to  where 
he  crossed  the  Alps,  whether  at  the  Cottean  by  the  pass  of  Mt.  Cenis,  or  at  the  Graiton 
by  the  pass  of  little  St.  Bernard  or  by  St.  Gothard  pass,  now  pierced  by  the  double  rail- 
way, Mt.  Cenis  tunnel  91..  miles  long  between  Switzerland  and  Italy,  with  an  army  Of 
100.000  men  and  37  war  elephants  and  Numidian  cavalrymen  in  the  early  winter  of  218 
B.  C.  He  crossed  these  Mts.  in  9  days.  Of  the  troops  with  which  he  set  out.  however, 
he  had  now  only  20,000  foot  soldiers  and  0,000  horses  remaining  from  the  severe  toil, 
hardships,  perils  and  losses  of  the  forced  march  over  the  frozen  trail  of  narrow  defiles 
and  dangerous  paths.  Often  avalanches  of  stone  were  hurled  upon  the  trains,  by  hostile 
bands  that  held  possession  of  the  heights  above,  to  obstruct  the  way  and  impede  his 
progress  to  descend  upon  Rome  from  the  north  through  the  plains  of  Lombardy  and  the 
Po  and  northern  Italy  to  unite  with  the  Gallic  tribes  of  the  Rhone,  and  with  the  fierce 
onset  of  his  Numidian  horsemen  to  win  the  successive  battles  of  Ticinus  and  Trebia, 
218,  Lake  Trasimenus,  217.  and  Cannae,  216  B.  C,  where  Regulus,  the  heroic  Roman 
General,  250  B.  C,  being  taken  captive  in  the  truceless  war  by  the  Carthaginians,  in  the 
first  Punic  war,  and  sent  to  Rome  on  parole  as  embassador  to  negotiate  a  peace  or  ex- 
change of  prisoners,  on  his  arrival  strongly  urged  the  senate  to  refuse  both  proposals,  but, 
being  the  soul  of  honor,  returned  to  fulfil  his  solemn  engagement,  although  importuned 
not  to  go,  sailed  back,  with  the  adverse  message,  to  his  enemies  at  Carthage,  to  meet  his 
doom  and  was  slain  with  horrid  torture,  being  put  into  a  barrel  studded  with  spikes  and 
rolled  down  the  hills.      (Horace  carm  iii-5). 

Hannibal  on  returning  to  Zama,  not  far  from  Carthage,  after  his  brother  Hasdrubal 
had  been  defeated  and  slain  at  Metaurus,  207,  and  Syracuse,  212.  and  Capua.  211  B.  O.  had 
fallen  into  Roman  hands  and  she  had  gained  new  strength  and  recuperated,  and  so  the 
hostile  armies  met  and  Hannibal  here  suffered  his  first  and  final  defeat.  His  army  in 
which  were  many  of  the  veterans  that  had  served  through  all  his  Italian  campaigns  was 
almost  annihilated  by  the  Romans  under  Scipio,  "the  Africanus."  The  Romans  said  in 
their  long  strife  that  "Carthago  delenda  est"  (Carthage  must  be  destroyed)  and  Carthage 
the  ancient  rival  of  Rome  was  destroyed. 

Defeated  at  Zama.  Hannibal  fled  to  the  east  to  avoid  falling  into  the  hands  of  the 
Romans  and  found  temporary  security  in  the  dominions  of  Mithridates.  He  incited  this 
monarch  to  engage  in  a  Roman  war  and  his  advice  as  to  its  conduct  being  rejected  the 
war  proved  unsuccessful  and  Mithridates  was  required,  as  one  of  the  conditions  of  peace, 
to  deliver  up  Hannibal  to  his  implacable  foes  the  Romans.  The  unfortunate  Carthaginian 
heard  of  his  approaching  fate  and  to  avoid  falling  into  their  hands  he  committed  suicide 
by  means  of  poison,  which  he  had  provided,  and  expired  just  as  the  envoys  arrived  to  take 
him  in  charge,  thus  ending  his  great  career,  183  B.  C. 

The  ancient  Phoenecian  city  of  Carthage,  in  the  Bay  of  Tunis,  on  the  Mediterranean 
coast  of  Africa,  became  the  capital  of  a  rich  and  powerful  commercial  republic.  Queen 
Dido,  the  reputed  founder  of  Carthage,  900  B.  C,  was  the  dau.  of  Belus,  or  Aenor.  King 
of  Tyre,  who  it  is  said  by  Virgil,  entertained  Aeneas  on  his  voyage  to  Italy.  The  Romans 
ever  jealous  of  her  increasing  power,  lest  she  should  rival  and  outstrip  them,  determined 
to  prevent  it  by  instigating  wars  to  reduce  and  pull  her  down  and  thus  occurred  the  3d 
Punic  War  in  which  Rome  was  the  aggressor.  This  was  begun  B.  C.  150  and  ended  H  C. 
146  in  her  total  destruction  with  her  towering  masses  of  architectural  porticos,  vestibules, 
its  increase  of  luxury  and  fascination  and  its  blindness  to  the  insatiable  ambition  of  a 
more  powerful  rival,  and  she  became  a  Roman  province.  Twenty-four  years  after  her 
fall  Caius  Gracchus  attempted  to  rebuild  her.  which  was  finally  accomplished  by  Augustus 
and  Roman  Carthage  became  one  of  the  most  important  cities  in  the  empire.  However 
it  was  destroyed  by  the  Arabs  in  638  A.  D.  and  Tunis  now  stands  near  its  site. 

But  little  is  known  of  Germany  previous  to  the  Roman  invasions  and  Caesar  him 
self  has  left  but  little  information  about  it  as  he  never  penetrated  beyond  its  borders. 
Through  the  whole  country  stretched  a  great  forest,  "Silva  Hercynia,"  "sixty  days  jour- 
ney long  and  nine  days  journey  wide."  The  solid  forests  of  Germany  have  long  since 
vanished  and  with  the  forests  the  men  and  tribes  who  conquered  them.  Among  the  vast 
forests  that  ancient  Germany  contained  were  the  Hercymean,  Bohemian  or  "Black  forest, 

181 


The  Wild  Harz  Mountains.  The  Spectre  of  the  Bracken.  Martin  "Waldeck.  Princes  of 
Grafschaft.     Prim/tire  Inhabitants.     Frankfort-on-the-Main.     The  Belgians.     Angles  and 

Saxons  Invade  Britain. 

6  days'  journey  in  length  in  the  time  of  Caesar,"  Schwarzwald  and  Thurinbean,  found 
inhabited  by  the  "Hermunduri"  (  dwellers  of  the  forest)  in  the  5th  century  and  Spissart, 
or  the  Brocken.  The  wild  Harz  Mountains  are  the  scenes  of  many  of  the  wild  tales  of 
German  literature  and  the  "Specter  of  the  Brocken"  is  a  peculiar  mirage  at  early  morn 
or  eve,  mirrored  from  the  mists  rising  from  the  valley  below,  an  optical  illusion  produced 
by  clouds  or  mists  sometimes.  A  tale  in  time  of  Charles  5th  the  Wise  (1337-1380)  was 
of  "The  fortunes  of  Martin  Waldeck  of  Brockenburg,  in  the  solitude  of  the  Harz  forest 
of  Germany."  where  "Ecbert  of  Rabenwald,  of  the  Black  Horse,  in  a  tournament  at 
Bremen,  vanquished  the  Duke  of  Brunswick." 

The  princes  of  Grafschaft  of  Waldeck  are  descendants  of  the  counts  of  Schwalen- 
berg  in  Saxon,  interior  of  Germany.  The  earliest  known  to  history  was  Wattekind  the 
Great,  Saxon  leader,  who  died  in  807  A.  D.  His  grandson  Duke  Whittekind,  before  1137, 
seems  to  have  been  the  first  count  of  Waldeck  comprising  an  area  of  407  square  miles 
between  Westphalia  and  Hesse  Nassau,  the  center  being  the  agricultural  plateau  of  Cor- 
bach,  surrounded  by  hills,  culminating  in  Waldungen  Spa  and  Hegekopf  (2.S07  feet)  and 
watered  by  the  Eder  and  Dumel  coming  down  from  the  Harz  Mountains  and  flowing  into 
the  Weser.  Population  now  about  50,000  Saxons  and  Franconians  (descendants  of  first 
inhabitants). 

All  speculation  upon  the  origin  of  the  German  tribes,  their  relations  to  other  branches 
of  the  Aryan  race  and  the  routes  by  which  they  reached  Europe,  belong  to  the  science 
of  ethnology  and  antiquities  rather  than  to  history.  Scholars  are  agreed  however  that 
the  languages  of  the  Celtic,  German  and  Slavonic  tribes,  with  the  ancient  tongues  of 
Persia,  Asia  Minor,  Greece  and  Italy  have  enough  in  common  to  prove  that  they  are  but 
modifications  or  branches  of  one  original  language  spoken  ages  ago  by  the  common  an- 
cestors of  these  people.  Further,  the  grains  cultivated  by  all  these  nations  and  the 
domesticated  animals  kept  by  them  all,  are  known  to  have  had  their  native  homes  in 
Asia.  On  these  grounds,  together  with  what  tradition  tells  us  of  the  cause  and  course 
of  migration  in  early  days,  it  seems  certain  that  the  fathers  of  the  Aryan  races  once 
lived  in  the  highlands  of  central  and  western  Asia. 

It  comprehends  all  the  country  from  the  Baltic  to  the  Helvetia  and  from  the  Rhine 
to  the  Vistula,  the  primitive  inhabitants  were  most  probably  the  Celts.  The  country  was 
occupied  by  numerous  independent  tribes,  who  were  sometimes  at  variance  with  each 
other  and  at  other  times  generally  united  against  foreign  invasion  and  often  formed 
powerful  confederations.  When  the  Aryans  came  down  and  conquered  the  aboriginal 
tribes,  they  brought  them  under  a  kind  or  system  of  feudalism  with  their  feudal  lords 
and  forest  rangers.  Frankfort-on-the-Main,  derives  its  name  from  an  episode  in  the  life 
of  Charlemagne,  who  with  "his  army  of  Franks"  found  here  a  ford  across  the  river. 

From  language,  religious  views,  family  ties  and  relationships,  pastoral  habitations 
and  other  indications,  the  Germans  are  supposed  to  have  migrated  from  upper  Asia,  pass- 
ing by  the  Caucasus  and  the  north  of  Caspian  and  Euxine  Seas  to  Europe  in  non-historical 
times,  and  so  no  mention  in  legends,  but  the  people  considered  themselves  as  "Autoch- 
thones" (of  a  high  class  of  superior  order),  and  also  as  regarded  by  the  early  Romans, 
"The  bravest  of  all  these  were  the  Belgians."     (Caesar). 

Some  ages  before  the  Roman  conquests  the  Goths  or  Teutons  had  migrated  from  the 
eastern  part  of  Europe  along  the  Euxine  and  established  themselves  on  the  shores  of 
the  Baltic  in  Belgica  in  the  north  part  of  France  and  the  south  of  England  driving  the 
original  inhabitants  into  the  northwest  regions.  It  finally  became  a  prey  to  the  Franks 
and  a  considerable  part  of  it  remained  under  the  dominion  of  counts  or  earls  and  mar- 
quises till  Charlemagne  extended  his  power  both  civil  and  military  over  the  whole  em- 
pire. (Webster's  Elements  of  Hist.  Diet.)  According  to  the  Saxon  Chronicle  of  Brut 
and  others,  the  Saxons,  sons  of  "the  Sakia,"  a  Greek  of  "Cambria"  and  Teutonic  origin 
settled  first  in  Germany  in  Saxony  in  373  A.  D.,  having  invaded  Gaul  in  113  B.  C.  Some- 
time in  the  5th  century,  the  traditional  date  is  449.  the  Angles  and  Saxons  from  Schles- 
wig,  Holstein  and  the  neighboring  islands  to  the  west  and  southwest,  began  to  pass 
over  to  Britain  in  such  numbers  as  to  leave  a  permanent  trace  on  the  page  of  history. 
Allied  with  the  Franks  in  530  A.  D.  in  an  expedition  against  other  tribes,  but  before 
753  became  allied  with  the  Angles,  a  kindred  tribe  lying  alongside,  lower  down  on  the 
continent,  invaded  England  in  the  5th  and  6th  centuries,  and  hence  our  Anglo-Saxon 
parentage. 

182 


Old    Nuremberg.     Nuremberg     Chronicle.     Treves.     Porta     Mora.     Rothes     Halts     Inn. 

Legend.    Cathedral  of   Treves.     Baldwin   of   Luxemberg.     Treasures.     Empress    Helena 

Tradition  of  True  Cross.     Baldwin.  Bras  Be  fur.     Baldwin   ',th. 

Old  Nuremburg,  founded  in  the  10th  century,  938  A.  D.,  95  miles  N.  W.  of  .Munich,  is 
decidedly  Germanic.  The  Nuremberg  Chronicle  was  printed  in  that  city  by  Kober'ger 
in  1493.  It  is  situated  on  the  Somme  in  the  midst  of  a  striking  amphitheater  of  vine 
clad  hills  and  it  is  the  quaintest  and  most  interesting  town  in  Germany  in  Mediaeval 
architecture  which  it  presents  in  its  many  towered  walls,  its  gateways,  its  picturesque 
streets  with  their  gabled  house  fronts,  its  bridges  and  its  beautiful  Gothic  fountains 
Cotton  and  woolen  fabrics,  wines  and  chemicals  are  the  principal  products.  Seven  hun- 
dred thousand  tons  of  American  cedar  are  used  annually  by  the  lead  pencil  manufactur- 
ers, says  our  Consul  there,  and  five  annual  fairs  are  held.     Population  in    L885,  19,107 

Treves  claims  to  be  the  oldest  town  in  Germany  and  it  contains  more  important 
Roman  ruins  than  any  place  in  northern  Europe.  The  most  remarkable  of  these  is  the 
"Porta  Nigra,"  a  huge  fortified  gateway  115  feet  long,  70  to  95  feet  high  and  30  feet  deep. 
It  is  formed  of  uncemented  blocks  of  sandstone  held  together  by  clasps  of  iron  and  now 
blackened  by  time,  the  details  of  which  are  very  rude.  A  mediaeval  legend  preserved 
in  an  inscription  on  the  old  "Rothes  Haus  Inn"  places  the  foundation  of  Treves  1300  years 
before  that  of  Rome  and  ascribes  it  to  Thebetas,  son  of  Minos,  King  of  Assyria.  It  may 
be  doubtful  whether  the  Treviri  were  of  Teutonic  or  Celtic  origin  but  it  is  certain  they 
were  long  under  Teutonic  influence.  Their  authentic  history  begins  with  the  story  of 
their  subjection  by  Julius  Caesar,  56  B.  C.  who  describes  them  as  a  warlike  race  in  the 
encounter  with  the  last  cavalry  in  Gaul.  The  Cathedral  described  by  Lubke  as  the  most 
important  example  of  pre-Carlovingian  building  in  Germany,  mirrors  the  entire  history  of 
the  town.  Legend  places  the  foundation  of  the  bishopric  of  Treves  in  the  first  century 
of  the  Christian  era,  but  the  first  bishop  known  to  history  is  Agricus.  who  flourished 
about  314  A.  D.  It  was  restored  by  Bishop  Nicetius  about  550  and  in  the  11th  and  12th 
centuries  it  was  again  restored  and  greatly  extended.  From  the  9th  century  down  t'> 
the  Middle  Ages  it  attained  considerable  temporal  power.  Among  the  prominent  men 
were  Baldwin  of  Luxemberg,  1307-1354,  brother  of  the  emperor  Henry  7th,  who  may  be 
regarded  as  the  founder  of  its  territorial  greatness  and  the  glory  of  its  foreign  commerce. 

Among  the  treasures  of  the  13th  century  is  the  "Holy  Coat  of  Treves."  believed  bv 
the  devout  to  be  the  seamless  garment  worn  by  our  Saviour  at  the  crucifixion  and  said 
to  have  been  presented  to  the  town  by  the  Empress  Helena,  the  central  fierure  in  Treveran 
Christian  legend.  Its  exhibition  in  1844  attracted  a  million  and  a  half  of  pilgrims  to 
Treves,  and  its  greatest  treasure  is  the  "codex  aureus."  a  manuscript  of  the  Gospels  pre- 
sented to  the  Abbey  of  St.  Maximin  by  Ada.  sister  of  Charlemagne. 

The  Empress  Helena,  wife  of  Constantius  Chlorus.  292  A.  D.,  was  the  mother  of 
Constantine  the  Great.  She  became  a  Christian  when  her  son  was  converted  and  during 
a  pilgrimage  to  Jerusalem  she  discovered  the  Holy  Sepulcher  and  the  true  cross  and 
was  afterward  canonized  as  Saint.  It  is  said  that  during  the  Inquisition  of  the  Donatists, 
by  Constantus,  in  316  A.  D.,  a  Jew  after  torture,  revealed  and  pointed  out  to  Helena  the 
place  of  concealment  of  the  "true  cross"  and  "holy  frock"  or  earment. 

In  the  time  of  Caesar,  Flanders.  Zealand.  Austrasia  and  Neustria  (or  West  Frankish 
Monarchy  and  Lorraine)  were  inhabited  by  the  Morini.  Alrebates.  and  overrun  by  Ger- 
man invaders  and  other  Celtic  tribes,  with  a  capital  afterward  established  at  L'Isle. 

Baldwin,  Bras-de-fur.  of  the  Iron  Arm  (a  descendant  of  Liderick  le  Buck),  eloped 
with  the  French  King's  daughter  Judith,  the  youthful  widow  of  two  English  kings,  mar- 
ried, and  fled  with  her  to  Lorraine.  Charles  although  at  first  angry  became  conciliated 
and  made  his  son-in-law  Margrave  of  Flanders,  which  he  held  as  hereditary  fief.  The 
French  fiefs  are  known  in  Flemish  history  as  Crown  Flanders,  the  investiture  from 
Philip  1st,  and  the  German  fiefs  from  Henry  4th  as  the  Imperial  Flanders. 

Baldwin  4th  (the  Bearded)  fought  successfullv  against  the  Capetian  King  of  France 
and  the  Emperor  Henry  2d  of  Germany.  Henry  found  himself  obliged  to  grant  to  Bald- 
win 4th,  in  fief,  Valenciennes,  the  burgraveship  of  Ghent,  the  land  of  Wals.  the  Nether- 
lands, and  Zealand.  The  count  of  Flanders  thus  became  a  feudatory  of  the  empire  as 
well  as  the  French  crown. 

Early  in  the  10th  century  the  title  of  Margrave  was  exchanged  for  that  of  Count,  but 
it  is  not  known  when  that  of  Forester  was  adopted,  the  family  of  le  Buc  bearing  it  first 
in  Flanders,  as  the  Northmen  were  continually  devastating  the  court  lands  which  the 
counts  and  barons  had  to  protect  and  maintain. 

Since  the  1st  century  Flanders,  the  country  of  the  Flemings,  descendants  of  Frank- 
ish tribes  when  it  formed  a  part  of  the  Roman  province  of  Belgica  Secunda,  later  dis- 
tinguished for  its  industrial  towns,  large  population  and  democratic  rule. 

183 


.1/ ii iiiripin hi   l-'lniiil niiisc.     Dukes  inn!  Counts,  Ancient  Bock  Manor  in  Lorntinc.     Village 
of  Le  Buck  iii  Alsace.     Dr.  R.  C.  Buckner.     Conrad  Bock.     Distinguished  German  Bucks. 

The  district  around  Bruges  and  Sluys  was  in  the  7th  century  called  "Municipium 
Flandranse,"  the  nucleus  of  the  future  courtship  of  Flanders,  not  created  until  A.  D. 
862.  The  word  Duke  comes  from  the  Latin  "dux,"  "ducis,"  a  leader  or  commander.  In 
early  Saxon  times  the  leaders  of  the  soldiery  or  commanders  of  armies  were  called 
Dukes,  not  for  anything  they  had  done  or  for  any  hereditary  distinction  or  family  attain- 
ment, but  for  sheer  force  of  arms  and  strength  to  cut  and  slash  and  by  degrees  to  this 
title  of  superiority  was  impressed  the  seignority  of  a  Dukedom  and  imparted  to  the 
family,  whence  a  nobility  sprang  into  being  next  only  to  that  of  prince  or  king.  The 
wife  of  a  Duke  is  Duchess,  the  female  sovereign  of  a  Duchy.  Duchess  and  Count  are 
not  used  in  England,  but  Duke.  Earl  and  Countess  instead. 

In  the  German.  French,  English,  Dutch,  Flemish  and  Italian  languages  the  words 
buck,  book  and  beech,  surprising  to  state,  have  a  similar  relationship  and  meaning.  In 
the  German  portion  of  Alsace  and  Lorraine,  that  the  names  found  there  of  Bock,  Buck  and 
Buch,  as  applied  to  towns,  villages  and  places  of  various  kinds  are  entirely  too  numerous 
for  us  here  to  treat  upon,  seventy-seven  distinct  places  of  Bockberg,  the  majority  of  which 
are  located  within  the  valley  of  the  Rhine.  We  find  therein  also  the  names  Bockweise 
(Buck  way),  Bockstiege  (Buck  path  or  lane),  Bockstadt  (Buck  city),  Bocksdorf  i  Buck's 
town  or  village),  Bockholf  (Buck  courtl,  Brocksbruck  ( Bucksbridge) ,  Bockhaus  (Buck 
house),  Buckholtz  (Buck  wood),  Buckfeld  (Buckfield),  and  Buckwald  (Buck's  forest  or 
wood),  actually  the  archetypes  of  a  number  of  places  in  Great  Britain,  America  and 
elsewhere  as  noted  before  under  their  respective  heads  in  this  volume.  Respecting  Bocks- 
dorf or  Bucksville.  there  are  four  in  the  Rhine  section.  The  ancient  Bock  Manor  in 
Lorraine  is  therein  mentioned,  as  is  also  the  old  village  of  "le  Buck"  in  Alsace,  indicative 
how  surnames  may  cling  long  to  places  that  gave  them  their  origin.  Buckau  is  in  Saxony, 
on  the  Elbe,  5  miles  from  Magdeburg  and  Buckholz  also  in  Saxony  19  miles  south  of 
Chemnitz,  with  population  of  7,800  in  1890. 

Martin  Bucer  born  in  1491  at  Schelstadt,  Alsace.  Theologian  at  Cambridge,  Eng- 
land, under  Cranmer.  died  in  1551.  Augustus  Buchner,  professor  at  Wittemberg,  died 
in  1661.  Dr.  R.  C.  Buckner.  a  descendant  bn.  in  171')!,  Baptist  missionary  to  China  and 
Philippines,  now  of  Dallas.  Texas,  founded  "Bucener  Orphan  Home''  between  Fort  Worth 
and  Dallas,  valued  at  $672,000  of  which  lie  gave  $100,000  having  travelled  over  40,000 
miles  before  retiring  in  1914.  Abraham  Bucholtzer,  pastor  at  Friestadt.  author  of  "Index 
Chronologicus  Utrinsque  Testamenti,"  a  valuable  Biblical  work.     He  died  in  185). 

In  Strasburg  Cathedral  are  early  tombs  of  the  family  containing  inscriptions,  notably 
the  splendid  monument  erected  to  the  memory  of  Conrad  Bock,  an  eminent  citizen,  who 
died  there  in  1840,  admired  for  the  beauty  of  its  statuary.  Conrad  and  Bernard  Buck 
(named  after  its  ancient  heads)  descendants  in  America,  smokeless  powder  inventors 
and  manufacturers,  were  killed  in  an  explosion  while  mixing,  leaving  a  son  however,  to 
reveal  the  secret  of  making,  only  known  to  themselves,  of  "cordite"  as  it  is  called.  Valen- 
tine de  Bock  also  of  Strasburg.  was  one  of  councilors  of  Charles  5th,  Emperor  of  Ger- 
many and  the  Netherlands,  1530-58.  Jacob  de  Bock.  Seignor  of  Vance  and  Autel.  Nicholas 
de  Bock,  Seignor  of  Petrange.  John  Nicholas  Ettienne  de  Bock,  Lieut.  Mar.  of  France 
in  Napoleon's  time,  1780-1815,  and  Stephen  de  Bock,  Lieut.  Marshal,  who  died  at  Metz  in 
1772,  aged  87,  also  author  of  several  historical  and  philosophical  works  in  French  and  Ger- 
man. Adam  Bock,  bn.  at  Aix-la-Chapelle.  Nov.  21,  1832,  member  of  German  Reichstadt 
(Parliament).  August  Bockh.  German  philologist  and  antiquary  of  Buk,  Germany,  on 
railway  17  miles  West  of  Posen  on  the  Seine  1785-1867.  Charles  Bonaventure  de 
Longueval,  Count  Bucquoi,  Austrian  General.  15(11-1621.  Pierre  Francois  Buchet,  French 
newspaper  editor  and  critic,  1679-1721,  Germain  Collin  Buchet,  French  poet  of  the  16th 
century.  Henri  Michel  Buch  or  Buche  of  Buchy  in  Seine-inferieure  15  miles  N.  E.  of 
Rouen,  France,  on  the  Andelle  branch  of  Seine,  French  economist,  1600-66. 

Samuel  Frederic  Bucker,  German  author  and  archaeologist,  1722-1765.  Jacues 
Bucker,  Swiss  historian  of  the  17th  century  of  Buchs,  capital  of  Aargau  on  the  Aare,  a 
branch  of  the  Rhine,  near  German  line  with  population  of  1,024  in  1888,  or  Buchs  in 
N.  W.  very  near  French  line  of  Alsace,  also  Buchs  in  Zurich  near  Baden.  Wettingen.  with 
population  of  412.  Jean  Alexander  Buchon,  bn.  at  Menton-Salon,  Cherburg,  France,  May 
21,  1791,  died  in  Paris,  April  29,  1886,  a  French  historian.  He  edited  "a  collection  des 
chroniques  franchises,"  1824-29,  "Greek  History"  and  other  works.  John  Mcliall  Baptest 
Bucquet,  a  noted  physician  of  Paris,  died  in  1780,  and  the  "Dictionaire  Noblesse  Families 
de  France,"  Paris,  1771,  14  Quarto  Vols.,  mentions  them  as  a  family  of  great  renown  and 

184 


Descendants  of  Franco-German  Hacks.  Noble  Families  of  France,  mi.  Chas.  II.  G. 
Buck,  LL.  D.     Chas.  Nicholas.  Jr.     Families.     Nicholas  Buck,  Ancestor  of  Penn.  Bucks. 

Hon.  Chas.  F.  Isaac  c.  Buckhout. 

significance.  Gen.  Conrad  and  Bernard  Buck  of  German  birth  about  1128-58  A.  I),  of  the 
ancient  family  of  Buckeburg  Castle.  Schaumburg-Lippe,  between  Minden  and  Hainan', 
six  miles  from  Minden  on  Minden  and  Hanover  Railway,  Hanover,  Ger.  Tobias  Buck, 
Burgomaster  of  Lutzenburg,  on  the  Elbe  near  Lunenburg  in  Holstein,  about  35  miles 
from  Hamburg,  Ger.,  about  1365.  Descendants,  Rev.  Mathew  Buck,  Ralstead,  Holstein. 
Ger.,  about  1500.     Rev.  Christopher  Buck.  Ralstead,  Holstein,  about  1630. 

Charles  Henry  Christopher  Buck,  LL.  D.,  bn.  at  Ralstead,  June  4,  1739,  educated  at 
Universities  of  Gottingen  (Prussia)  and  Jena,  near  Weimer,  Thuringia,  (studied  both 
theology  and  law)  practiced  law  in  Hamburg,  elected  senator  of  Hamburg,  Aug.  26,  1774, 
thrown  from  his  horse  and  killed  in  the  prime  of  his  life  Dec.  31,  1780,  rati,  about  1765, 
Anna  Cath.  Marg.,  dau.  of  John  H.  Grill,  professor  of  St.  John's  Coll.,  Hamburg;  she  was 
bn.  April  22,  1763,  and  died  in  1821,  aged  85  years. 

Descendants:  Chas.  Nicholas  Buck,  bn.  in  city  of  Hamburg,  Ger.,  July  17,  1775. 
Settled  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  U.  S.  A.,  in  1802.  Importer  of  linens,  24  South  Front  St. 
First  Consul-General  from  Hamburg  to  U.  S.,  July  7.  1817,  to  Sept.  30,  1844.  President 
of  Columbia  Fire  Insurance  Co.  of  Philadelphia.  Died  in  Philadelphia,  June  22,  1851. 
"Best  of  Fathers  and  Kindest  of  Friends.  Truly  bis  end  was  Peace."  He  and  family 
are  interred  in  Buck  vault  in  grounds  of  St.  John's  Evan.  Luth.  Ch.  Race,  near  Sixth 
St.,  Philadelphia,  of  which  they  were  members.  He  md.  June  9,  1803,  Elizabeth,  dau.  of 
Robert  and  Ann  (Rea)  Smith,  bn.  Jan.  14,  1782.  and  died  Aug.  22,  1817.  in  the  36th  year 
of  her  age.  They  had  S  children:  Anna  Catharina,  Harriet,  Robert  Smith.  Mary.  Chas. 
Nicholas,  Dorothea,  Elizabeth  and  Louisa.  None  of  the  daus.  and  only  one  son  married. 
This  was  Chas.  Nicholas  Buck,  Jr..  who  was  bn.  in  Philadelphia,  Aug.  10,  1811,  and  died 
in  Elizabeth,  N.  J.,  Mar.  9,  1883.  Wholesale  druggist.  Firm  of  C.  N.  Buck  and  Morgan 
Carr,  Philadelphia,  and  later  real  estate  business  in  Newark  and  Elizabeth,  N.  J.  Mar- 
ried 1st  July  26,  1836,  Catherine,  dau.  of  Rev.  George  and  Elizabeth  (nee  Livingston) 
Boyd,  bn.  April  9,  1815,  died  Feb.  24,  1838.  Her  grandmother,  Elizabeth  Livingston,  bn. 
Jan.  17,  1783,  died  Jan.  12,  1848  was  a  dau.  of  Robert  H„  son  of  the  noted  Robert 
Livingston,  the  first  Lord  of  Livingston  Manor  on  the  Hudson,  N.  Y„  1673.  He  md.  2d 
wife  Jan.  9,  1850,  Elizabeth,  dau.  of  Judge  Edmund  and  Elizabeth  (nee  Cobb)  Charles  of 
Hoboken,  N.  Y.,  and  sister  of  Col.  Edward  Cobb  Charles  of  New  York.  She  was  bn.  May 
4,  1824,  and  died  Mar.  2,  1907.  One  child  only  was  born  to  first  marriage  and  six  from 
the  second,  of  whom  the  eldest  and  three  of  the  younger  reached  to  adult  ages,  as  fol- 
lows: Catharine,  Anna,  Elizabeth.  Chas.  Nicholas,  and  Littleton  Kirkpatrick.  The  last 
three,  all  of  whom  are  unmarried,  reside  at  136  West  Main  St..  Freehold,  N.  J.,  and 
through  the  courtesy  of  Chas.  N.  Buck,  real  estate  dealer  and  treasurer  of  St.  Peter's 
Parish.  Freehold,  N.  J.,  we  obtained  this  family  record  of  over  eight  generations.  Cath- 
erine Buck,  the  only  child  by  1st  wife,  md.  Henry  Ridgeway  Silliman,  M.  D.,  son  of  Thos. 
and  Elizabeth  (nee  Ridgeway)  Silliman.  bn.  in  1834.  Assistant  surgeon  in  U.  S.  army 
during  Civil  War,  com.  May  28,  1861,  and  retired  Mar.  13,  1865,  died  Jan.  1st,  1883.  The 
only  surviving  child  of  the  latter  is  Chas.  Silliman  of  Roanoke,  Virginia. 

(Family  article  in  magazine  section  of  the  Philadelphia  "Sunday  North  American" 
of  April  6,  1913,  page  6).  _       ., 

Nicholas  Buck,  the  ancestor  of  the  Penn.  Bucks,  of  the  ancient  family  of  Ihionville. 
Lorraine  on  the  Rhine,  arrived  in  Philadelphia,  Sept.  23,  1752,  from  Rotterdam  on  the 
ship  "St  Andrew,"  Jas.  Abercrombe.  master,  from  Plymouth.  England.  He  was  the 
head  of  the  Pennsylvania  Bucks  of  Buckstown.  Bucks  Co..  S.  E.  Pa.,  near  Philadelphia. 
Hon  diaries  F.  Buck  of  New  Orleans.  La.,  representative  from  Louisiana  of  the  54th 
Congress  at  Washington,  D.  C,  was  bn.  Nov.  5th,  1841,  at  Stadtingen  near  Oldenburg  and 
the  old  castle  of  Buckeburg,  with  well  built  walls  and  five  gates  in  1635.  Capital  in  17th 
century  surrounded  by  walls  of  principality  of  Shaumberg  Lippe  at  Harrisburg  .... 
River  Aue  and  Mindon  on  Mindon  and  Hanover  Railway.     (Enc.  Brit.  9th  Ed.  Vol,  4.  page 

415) 

Several  of  the  southern  families  of  Bucks  have  emigrated  from  here  at  various 
times  and  some  of  the  earliest  settlers  of  New  York  came  from  Germany  Belgium  and 
Holland.  Isaac  C.  Buckhout.  an  American  architect  and  engineer,  bn  1830,  died  1874, 
designer  of  the  original  Grand  Central  Depot,  N.  Y.  City,  was  one  of  these  of  German 
descent,  as  well  as  Emil  Buck  of  Leipzig.  Ger.,  writer,  and  John  Bockhorst,  Ger.,  ngu.e 
and  landscape  painter  of  "Sheep  and  Horses  in  a  Storm,     Munich,  1S1-. 

185 


Capt.  Buck  and  Cousin.  Earl  of  Foi.r.     Rev.  Robert  J.  Breckenridge.     Sergeant  De  Bock. 
Lorraine    Feudal    Castles.     Holland    Bucks.     John    Buckhold.     Arnold    Buchel.     Others. 

Roumania.     Bucharest. 

Captal  (Capt.)  of  Buck,  a  brave  knight's  errant  of  the  13th  century  with  his  cousin, 
the  Earl  of  Foix,  went  forth  in  Prance  and  Germany  in  quest  of  adventure  to  protect 
ladies  of  the  court  and  to  show  their  prowess  and  chivalry  of  the  Middle  Ages  which  had 
before  extended  to  England.      ("Great  Events,"  8th  vol.,  page  167). 

Among  the  legendary  castles  of  the  Rhine  it  is  stated  that  there  are  to  be  found 
from  the  source  to  the  mouth  of  the  Rhine.  725  castles,  formerly  the  homes  of  the  war- 
like chiefs,  that  mark  the  feudal  system  of  the  Middle  Ages.  Bockelheim  citadel,  in  the 
valley  of  the  Nahe  and  Rhine  at  Mayence,  1106;  Buchonia,  now  Voglesberg,  on  the  Lahn 
in  Hesse  of  the  Hessian  Bucks,  who  figured  in  Washington's  Army  at  Trenton,  1776; 
Buchen,  now  Hamburg,  ancient  fortress  on  the  Elbe  built  by  Charlemagne  at  the  junction 
of  the  Alster,  in  A.  D.  SOS);  Buxtenude  near  Hamburg;  and  Bucholsham  on  the  Fulda  in 
Cassel,  as  well  as  New  Buckow  on  the  coast  of  Wismur  Bay,  Schwerin,  North  Ger.,  are 
all  very  old  castellated  towns,  indicative  of  Buck  occupancy  in  very  remote  times. 

The  Rev.  Robert  J.  Breckenridge.  D.  D.,  Am.  Presbyterian  clergyman  and  author,  1797- 
1S41,  in  his  travels  in  Germany  in  1836  with  Sergeant  De  Bock,  thus  mentions  the  sec- 
tion in  which  the  ancient  seats  of  the  de  Bocks  were  located:  "After  passing  the  Moselle 
the  country  assumes  all  of  its  former  beauty  and  from  thence  entirely  across  Lorraine 
the  traveller  is  enchanted  at  every  step  to  behold  scattered  around  the  evidences  of 
contentment,  industry,  health  and  comfort,  the  fruits  of  a  frugal  and  kind  tempered  and 
hearted  people.  The  monuments  of  a  genial  clime  and  grateful  soil,  inherited  from  the 
brave  lords,  counts  and  barons  of  bygone  troublous  times  and  generations.  Localities, 
sites  and  scenes,  made  doubly  interesting  from  the  fact  and  circumstance  of  their  oc- 
cupancy and  of  the  continuous  connection  in  the  life,  events,  acts,  associations  and  for- 
tunes in  the  history  of  this  ancient  family  whose  descendants  still  perpetuate  the  name." 

The  typical  feudal  castle  was  an  enormous  building  either  round  or  square  and  mas- 
sive, usually  with  projecting  top,  the  upper  stories  overhanging  the  lower  front  and  fre- 
quently with  a  round  or  square  tower  above  all  for  outlook,  or  confinement,  with  slit-like 
windows  above  and  larger  ones  below,  without  ornament  or  any  pretentious  architectural 
style  and  generally  built  on  a  hill  or  stream.  It  was  pierced  by  a  few  loopholes  from 
which  arrows  could  be  shot,  and  had  a  single  gate  entrance  through  an  archway  pro- 
tected by  an  iron  grating  or  portcullis  which  could  be  raised  or  lowered  as  required, 
opening  on  a  moat,  which  only  could  be  crossed  by  a  drawbridge.  It  was  crowned  with 
towers  and  battlements  from  which  they  could  hurl  the  javelin,  rocks  and  bricks  or 
melted  pitch,  lead  and  iron  could  be  thrown,  or  spears,  lances  and  pikes  thrust  on  the 
heads  of  the  assailants.  It  was  usually  occupied  by  the  feudal  lord  or  baron,  with 
his  family,  sons,  retinue  and  servants  in  apartments  above  and  the  great  armored  hall 
with  the  kitchen  and  storerooms  below  with  stables  attached  for  horses,  from  which 
they  sallied  out  to  meet  the  foe. 

We  also  find  a  few  Holland  Bucks,  at  the  time  which  marked  the  spirit  of  the  acces- 
sion of  the  House  of  Orange  under  William  1st  and  enriched  the  realm,  and  descendants 
of  which  settled  early  in  New  Netherlands,  now  New  York  City,  of  whom  John  Buckhold, 
Anabaptist  tailor  or  butcher,  of  Leyden.  who  headed  an  insurrection  to  establish  a 
theocracy  under  the  deposed  Bishop.  Count  Waldeck,  against  the  Snanish  Catholic 
papist  rule  at  Munster.  Westphalia,  and  who  died  in  1536;  Jan  van  Buchel,  Belgian 
ecclesiastic,  died  in  1266;  Arnold  Buchel,  Dutch  historian,  antiquary  and  botanical 
writer,  1565-1641;  Jacob  von  Bucquoy,  Dutch  traveler  in  the  Indies  and  writer,  1693- 
1760;  Henry  de  Buckertop,  ecclesiastic  of  Antwerp,  who  died  in  1716;  Wm.  Buckeldius, 
of  Voider,  noted  fish  preserver  and  shipper,  who  died  in  1449;  Paulus  Buys  (Buc)  of 
Bockhoven,  statesman  and  lord  of  the  Lowlands,  who  flourished.  1531-94;  Leo  Zwolf 
Biicher,  Dutch  history  writer,  Halle,  1832-35;  and  later  Theophile  De  Bock,  the  Hague 
landscape  painter,   1851-1904,   may  be  noted. 

Wallachia  and  Moldavia  were  united  in  1861  in  the  old  Kingdom  of  Roumania  (of 
Roman  descent)  with  Bucharest  (City  of  Pleasure  or  enjoyment)  as  a  capital,  in  south- 
eastern Europe,  on  the  lower  Danube.  Victor  Bucharest  Army  was  stationed  at  Buck- 
owina  and  Bucks  (capital  of  St.  Gall  on  the  Rhine  with  1,828  population)  on  the  Swiss 
Austrian  frontier  of  Luchtenstein  and  Bucharest,  a  province  in  Austro-Hungary  in  the 
Carpathians  and  on  the  Danube  and  Dwina  in  November.  1812.  in  opposing  campaign 
of  Napoleon's  Russian  conquest  when  his  army  froze  and  starved  through  the  winter 
and  returned  home  victorious,  but  a  fragment  and  wreck,  after  the  besieging  and  burn- 
ing of  Moscow.     They  declared  their  independence  from  Turkey   in   1871,  an  act  sanc- 

186 


The  Persians,  Greeks,  Romans.     Constantinople.     New  Rome.    Metropolis  of  the  World. 
Roman  Accessions.     Extension  of  City.  Rome  Deserted.     Incursions  o]  Goths.     Constanti- 
nople.    Description. 

tioned  by  the  congress  of  Berlin  in  1778,  under  the  reign  ot  Prince  Charles  of  Hohen 
zollern,   Austria.     In   1869,  Charles  married    Princess   Elizabeth   of  Weid,   Hohenzollern, 
and  in  1881  was  proclaimed  king,  now  Charles  1st  of  Roumania.     Agriculture,  with  exten- 
sive vineyards  along  the  Danube,  is  the  chief  employment  of  the  people. 

In  the  7th  century  B.  C,  Constantinople  was  a  small  Greek  colony  under  Byzas. 
The  Persians  always  wanted  it  and  several  times  captured  it  under  the  conquests  of 
Xerxes.  The  Greeks  were  continually  taking  and  losing  it.  Philip  of  Macedon  laid  siege 
to  it.  Alexander  the  Great  became  master  of  the  Bosphorus  and  later  Byzantium  fell 
into  the  hands  of  the  Romans.  After  a  checkered  career  of  two  centuries  it  was  taken 
by  Constantine,  A.  D.  330,  who  decided  to  male  it  the  capital  of  the  Roman  world  and 
his  name  has  been  given  to  it  as  "'The  City  of  Constantine"  although  he  intended  to 
call  it  "New  Rome."  The  city  being  named  Constantinople  in  honor  of  the  emperor, 
it  is  said  he  immediately  began  the  work  of  enlarging  and  adorning  it,  the  genius  of 
whose  subjects  throughout  all  the  empire  were  called  into  requisition  in  order  to  make 
it  the  metropolis  of  the  world.  An  incredible  amount  of  money  was  expended  in  rear- 
ing its  prodigious  walls  and  the  quarries  and  forests  of  the  neighboring  region  were 
stripped  to  furnish  material  for  its  palaces  and  temples.  The  cities  of  Greece  and  Asia 
were  robbed  of  their  choicest  monuments,  the  st;itues  of  their  Gods,  the  trophies  of 
their  heroes  and  the  finest  productions  of  their  artists  in  order  to  add  splendor  to  the 
abode  of  the  future  rulers  of  the  empire.  Schools  of  learning,  churches,  public  halls, 
theatres,  circuses,  baths  and  places  of  every  species  of  amusement  were  established. 
The  work  of  building  was  carried  on  with  extraordinary  rapidity  and  the  walls,  porticos 
and  principal  edifices  were  completed  in  a  very  few  years.  When  all  was  finished,  tin- 
city  was  dedicated  in  the  most  solemn  manner  and  afterward  on  the  annual  return  of  its 
birthday  the  image  of  Constantine,  placed  upon  a  car  and  accompanied  by  a  great  pro- 
cession, was  carried  through  the  Hippodrome  where  every  honor  was  paid  to  the  founder 
of  the  second  or  New  Rome.  The  ancient  capital  was  not  entirely  stripped  of  its  in- 
habitants in  order  to  people  this  new  metropolis.  Everything,  however,  was  done  by 
Constantine  to  encourage  the  removal  hither  of  the  noble  and  wealthy  families  of  the 
empire.  He  offered  to  his  favorites  the  magnificent  palaces  which  he  had  built  in  every 
quarter  of  the  city  and  gradually  the  opulent  senators  of  Rome  and  of  the  eastern 
provinces  adopted  the  new  residence  of  the  emperor.  The  advantages  to  be  derived 
from  an  abode  at  the  seat  of  government  brought  people  at  length  in  crowds  and  finally 
it  became  necessary  to  extend  the  limits  of  the  city  in  order  to  accommodate  the  increaa 
ing  population.  Constantinople  in  short  concentrated  the  wealth  and  nobility  of  the 
empire  and  Rome,  the  ancient  mistress  of  the  world,  sank  from  her  supremacy. 

The  Goths  finding  that  the  old  capital  had  been  abandoned  fell  upon  it  with  re- 
doubled fury  and  although  Constantine  was  still  able  to  punish  their  incursions  it  was 
very  evident  that  the  day  was  not  distant  when  not  Rome  alone,  but  the  empire,  would 
be  their  prey.  Decay  seemed  to  be  written  upon  everything,  even  the  emperor  although 
congratulated  bv  ambassadors  from  Ethiopia  and  Persia  upon  the  peace  and  prosperity 
of  his  government,  was  gradually  losing  the  esteem  of  those  around  him  and  was  finally 
overthrown  and  ruthlessly  sullied  by  the  internal  dissentions,  disruptions  and  ravages 
of  time.      (P.   W.   Record). 

No  one  can  doubt  the  political  wisdom  of  the  first  Christian  emperor  in  putting  the 
seat  of  government  at  this  place.  It  possesses  strategic  advantages  which  statesmen 
and  warriors  have  been  quick  to  realize.  If  ever  Europe.  Asia  and  Africa  should  he 
brought  under  one  confederation  or  government,  surely  Constantinople  would  be  Hie 
natural  and  necessary  capital.  For  situation  and  environment  it  is  unsurpassed  in  the 
eastern  hemisphere. 

As  you  enter  the  Bosphorus  and  pass  through  "the  Golden  Gate  a  magnificent  view 
of  the  harbor  and  "city  of  two  continents"  presents  itself,  a  vast  amphitheatre  of  hills 
with  their  palaces  and  mosques  interspersed  with  palms,  their  minarets  and  domes 
shining  resplendent  in  the  sun  and  reflected  in  the  sparkling  waters  of  the  rivers  and 
glorious  bay  beneath  "the  Queen  of  the  sea."  No  more  magnificent  site  was  ever 
selected  for  a  city  than  that  upon  which  Constantinople  stands.  The  Golden  Horn,  an 
arm  of  the  Bosphorus  divides  it  into  two  parts.  On  the  Asiatic  side  is  Stamboul,  the 
old  city  where  the  Turks  live,  and  joined  by  two  bridges  of  boats  on  the  European  side 
is  Galata  and  Pera,  now  inhabited  mostly  by  Christians  and  Jews  with  the  later  Greek 

187 


Sieges.     The  Crusades.     Rulers.     Greatest  Splendor.     City  of  Two  Continents.     Turkish 

Rulers.     Oriental  shirr  Mart.     Stamooul  and  the  Golden  Hum.     Turkey  the  Land  of  the 

Star  and  Crescent.     Galata  <tn<i  P<  ra.     Scutari. 

settlement.  At  the  entrance  to  the  Golden  Horn  is  the  New  Bridge,  which  joins  Stam- 
boul    to    Galata.    the    mercantile   quarter   and    Pera,    the   residential    and    hotel    quarter. 

Few  big  cities  have  been  besieged  and  taken  as  many  times.  Since  the  middle  of 
the  6th  century  it  has  undergone  no  less  than  six  sieges  and  has  been  captured  eight 
times.  The  most  remarkable  and  terrible  was  that  in  1204  by  the  Crusaders  and  in 
14.".:!  when  retaken  by  the  Turks.  Since  the  Crusaders  the  Latins  ruled  for  58  years, 
from  1203  to  1261,  the  Saracens  to  1453,  when  Mohammed  2nd  took  it,  and  later  Selim 
1st  conquered  Egypt,  Syria  and  Palestine,  securing  Mecca,  thereby  enlarging  and  con- 
solidating the  empire,  which  under  his  son,  Soloman  the  Magnificent,  attained  its  great- 
est splendor,  when  it  was  taken  by  the  Turks  and  has  remained  under  Ottoman  rule 
since  1481. 

The  Turks  have  almost  supremely  ruled  for  over  200  years  and  rigidly  guarded  it, 
"the  city  of  two  continents."  and  it  has  been  for  25  generations  virtually  sealed  under 
the  strictest  censorship  of  Islam  from  all  other  nations  of  Christendom  and  mostly 
absolute  and  arbitrary  despotism  has  prevailed  and  abounds  seemingly  without  remedy 
despite  the  attacks  of  the  Russians  in  1878,  in  supremacy  prevented  by  the  powers  of 
Europe,  and  with  all  the  efforts  of  the  Greek  Hetaeria  there  against  it.  but  whose 
possessions  the  Bulgarians  and  their  allies  have  recently  nearly  succeeded  in  driving 
out  of  Europe. 

In  times  past  the  traffic  of  the  oriental  slave  market  of  the  east  centered  there,  the 
most,  beautiful  of  the  Circassian  peasant  c,irls  being  sacrificed  by  ready  purchasers, 
going  into  the  harems  of  the  Sultans  and  Caliphs,  replenished  from  other  races,  as  the 
hetera  or  courtesans  of  the  great  Byzantium  or  Ottoman  Empire,  in  spite  of  many 
years  of  Russian  opposition  although  somewhat  checked  and  perchance  entirely  sup- 
pressed as  it  appears  in  the  last  century  by  the  Crimean  War  of  1853,  and  Russo- 
Turkish  war  of  187G-8,  succeeded  by  the  uprisings  and  overthrowing  of  the  government 
in  1907  by  the  young  "University  Turks"  for  a  better  order. 

Stamboul,  the  ancient  city,  having  the  sea  of  Marmora  on  the  south  and  the  Bosphor- 
us  on  the  east  with  the  "Golden  Horn,"  an  inlet  of  the  Bosphorus  on  the  north,  has  a  sea 
front  of  eight  miles.  On  the  west  it  is  walled.  This  district  contains  the  Seraglio,  or 
the  Sultan's  palace,  the  principal  royal  mosques,  esteemed  the  finest  in  the  world,  the 
mausoleums,  the  public  offices,  the  baths,  the  bazars  and  the  remains  of  ancient  Con- 
stantinople. Here  chiefly  reside  the  Turks,  Jews,  Armenians  and  Greeks.  Ancient 
walls  and  battlements  and  the  pinnacles  of  St.  Sophia.  St.  Irene  and  the  towers  of 
Theodosius,  from  pre-historic  Byzas,  and  the  Greek  town  of  Seraglio  Point,  through  "."> 
centuries  till  Abdul  Hamid  fell,  as  between  the  church  of  the  east  and  the  church  of 
Rome,  how  the  wealth,  splendor,  corruptions  and  religious  intrigues  of  Christian  Con- 
stantinople ruled  the  east  for  more  than  a  thousand  years,  a  static  empire,  between  the 
Orient  and  Europe,  while  Rome  fell  and  west  lapsed  into  chaotic  barbarism,  it  is  true,  but 
the  richest  and  most  powerful  of  nations  with  the  finest  of  armies  long  recruited  from 
the  athletic  Georgians  behind  its  walls  and  the  best  legal  code  of  the  world  at  that  day, 
to  the  Moorish  conquest  of  Spain  and  the  Moslems  sweeping  westward  to  Vienna,  when 
at  last  the  Byzantine  city  was  gained.  They  move  among  the  ruins  an  impressive 
pageant  of  Roman,  Goth,  Britain,  Arab,  Crusader,  Russian,  Bulgarian,  Genoese,  Venetian 
and  Moslem  holding  guard  between  two  continents  over  Turkey  the  land  of  the  star 
and  crescent. 

On  the  opposite  European  side  of  the  Golden  Horn  are  Galata,  Pera  and  other 
suburbs.  Pera  occupies  the  more  elevated  portion  of  the  promontory  of  which  Galata 
forms  the  maritime  port  and  is  the  principal  seat  of  foreign  commerce,  while  on  the 
Asiatic  side  of  the  Bosphorus  entrance  is  Scutari. 

Constantinople,  was  taken  in  1204  by  the  Crusaders  who  retained  it  until  1261, 
when  re-taken  by  Saladin.  It  was  captured  by  the  Turks  under  Mohammed  2nd  in 
1453,  when  the  Christian  Church  was  converted  into  the  Mosque  of  St.  Sophia,  the  finest 
of  Mohammedan  temples,  and  it  was  made  the  capital  of  the  Turkish  empire  which  it  has 
since  remained,  securely  guarded  by  forts  of  Adrianople  and  Islam.  The  most  notable 
of  its  later  history  was  the  deposition  Apl.  27,  1909,  of  Sultan  Abdul  Hamid  2nd  in 
consequence  of  his  seeking  to  overthrow  the  constitutional  government  he  had  granted 
in  190S,  and  the  late  Balkan  and  other  wars.  Population  estimated  at  1,125,000,  being 
somewhat  reduced  by  recent  wars. 

188 


Troy  or  Troja.     Gathered  from   Ency.   Brit.,  9tl\    Ed.,   Vol.    13,   Pages  577-88   and   Other 
Sources.    Description.    Descent.     Situation.     Authorities.     Ancient    Libraries.     Ancient 

Hist,  of  Trojan  War. 

Troy  or  Troja.  The  famous  city  in  northwestern  Asia  Minor  overthrown  by  the 
Greeks  in  the  7th  or  6th  century  B.  C.  Troad.  The  ancient  Kingdom  of  Priam,  the 
6th  in  descent  from  Dardanus  or  Teucer,  of  Semitic  origin,  or  Schamander,  the  first  of 
the  Hellenic  dynasty  who  was  supposed  to  have  come  from  Crete.  This  royal  Trojan 
house  included  all  that  was  bounded  by  Lesbos,  Phrygia  and  the  Hellespont  to  the 
Aegan  sea,  inhabited  by  the  Troes. 

Under  Agamemnon,  the  Achean  Greeks  after  a  ten  years'  siege  finally  and  utterly 
destroyed  Troy,  the  capital,  and  overthrew  his  dynasty,  but  it  is  certain  that  another  line 
of  the  royal  house  of  Aeneas  and  his  descendants  continued  to  rule  in  the  Troad  after 
the  fall  of  Troy  down  to  the  Greek  and  Roman  invasions,  although  ruled  by  many  mas- 
ters, from  what  has  been  gathered  and  from  what  the  most  enlightened  minds  of  the  age 
have  corroborated  in  the  rise  and  fall  of  successive  cities  of  the  plain. 

The  topography  of  a  plain  so  famous  in  the  history  of  human  civilization  has  of 
course  occupied  the  attention  of  the  learned  both  in  ancient  and  modern  times  in  which 
this  region  has  been  visited,  explored  and  described  and  its  most  famous  localities  dis- 
cussed. It  is  also  universally  allowed  that  "Novum  lllium,"  or  New  Troy,  occupied  the 
site  of  Hissarlik  and  that  Hissarlik  occupied  the  site  of  old  Troy. 

James  Runnel  bn.  in  Chudleigh,  Devonshire,  1742.  English  geographer  and  author  of 
"Observations  on  the  Topography  of  the  Plain  of  Troy,"  1814,  in  vindication  of  Herodotus, 
Expedition  of  the  Younger  Cyrus,  etc..  and  of  the  retreat  of  the  "Ten  Thousand,"  1816, 
and  of  a  treatise  on  "The  Comparative  Geography  of  Western  Asia,"  with  an  Atlas,  An- 
cient and  Modern,  London,  1831.  He  died  in  London.  Mar.  29,  1830.  His  works  show 
great  labor,  study  and  research.  He  entered  the  navy  as  midshipman  and  was  advanced 
to  Post  Admiral  and  Surveyor-General  of  the  Navy  and  Army  of  Great  Britain  and  India, 
and  was  of  high  repute. 

Jacob  Bryant  an  eminent  English  scholar,  was  bn.  at  Plymouth  in  1715,  educated  at 
Eaton  and  Kings  College,  Cambridge,  M.  A.,  1744.  In  1756  was  private  secretary  to  the 
Duke  of  Marlborough,  and  accompanied  His  Grace  to  the  continent.  He  devoted  his 
whole  life  to  letters.  Died  Nov.  14,  1804.  Among  his  numerous  publications  was  "Ob- 
servations and  Inquiries  Relating  to  Various  Parts  of  Ancient  History,"  published  in 
Cambridge  1767,  "A  New  System  for  Analysis  of  Ancient  Mythology,"  1774-76  and  "A  Dis- 
sertation Concerning  the  War  of  Troy,"  etc.,  1796.  He  had  every  pecuniary  and  social 
advantage  and  opportunity  and  influence  for  investigation,  observation  and  study. 

The  most  extensive  and  splendid  of  the  libraries  of  Rome  was  the  "Ulpian,"  founded 
by  Trajan  the  Emperor,  who  at  the  suggestion  of  Pliny,  the  younger,  and  Livy,  com- 
manded all  the  books  that  were  found  in  the  captured  cities  to  be  placed  there. 

Aulus  Gellius.  a  Greek  of  Athens,  it  is  said  was  the  first  to  establish  a  public  library 
in  the  6th  century  B.  C.  in  the  legislation  of  Draco  and  Solon,  and  it  is  certain  that  the 
libraries  of  Alexandria  were  the  most  important,  as  they  were  the  most  celebrated,  oi 
the  ancient  world.  One  of  Alexander's  most  lasting  achievements  was  the  foundation  in 
Egypt  in  fall  of  332  B.  C.  of  the  city  that  bears  his  name  and  besides  bestowing  a 
menagerie  of  wild  beasts  and  birds,  a  university  and  a  botanical  and  medical  garden,  the 
famous  library  of  700,000  volumes  arranged  on  cedar  shelves  to  preserve  them,  and 
catalogued  by  students,  and  it  became  the  center  of  culture  for  the  entire  ancient  world. 

Several  patrician  families  such  as  the  Jullii,  Curiatti,  Servilii,  Tullii  and  Quintii 
ascribe  their  origin  to  the  succession  of  Ascanius,  son  of  Aeneas,  in  14  Kings,  all  known 
and  preserved  in  the  annals  and  archives  of  history,  who  emigrated  or  removed  to  Rome 
during  Tullus  Hostilius'  reign,  642  B.  C,  and  in  the  invasion  and  destruction  of  Alba 
Longa,  the  ancient  town  in  Latium  founded  by  Ascanius,  son  of  Aeneas. 

It  was  the  ancient  oracle,  and  Homer  always  speaks  of  Aeneas  and  his  descendants 
as  destined  to  rule  in  Troy  after  the  destruction  of  Priam  and  his  house. 

The  city  of  Troy  stood  on  the  banks  of  the  Meander,  or  Scamander,  of  the  ancients. 
The  towns  of  Latium  were  strongly  built  in  positions  favorable  for  defense  and  sur- 
rounded with  massive  walls  for  protection,  of  which  Troy  was  the  capital  city.  Its  situa- 
tion was  the  most  magnificent  of  all  the  Grecian  land.  Imagine  the  royal  seat  of  Aeneas, 
the  citadel  of  Ilium,  with  its  colonnades,  baths,  theater,  public  walks  and  monuments 
of  its  dead  heroes,  mounting  tier  above  tier  till  the  summit  of  the  crag  was  crowned 
with  the  "Doric  temple  of  Athene,"  and  the  beetling  Pegamus  of  Priam,  or  high  Acropolis 
of  Minerva  rising  above  it,  from  which  precipitous  rocks  descended  abruptly  to  the  plain 
beneath-  on  the  other  side  the  precipices  over  which  the  Trojans  proposed  to  burl  the 
wooden  horse,  "an  offering  to  appease  the  Gods,"  when  they  had  dragged  it  to  the  summit. 

189 


Mt.   Ida.     The   Plain   of   Troy.     Tide    of    Warfare.    Hector   and    Achilles.     Impregnable 
Walls.     Present  Appearance.     Veritable  Monument  Described   by  Homer.     Ancient  His- 
torians and  Narrators.     Alexander's  Conquest.     Battles  of  Issus  and  Granicus. 

The  Mt.  Ida  of  Homer,  is  not  only  very  beautiful  with  its  broad  and  naturally  fertile 
plains  and  valleys,  only  separated  from  Europe  by  the  Propontis,  or  sea  of  Marmora,  and 
the  Adramyttium  Bay,  on  the  one  side  and  on  the  other  extending  to  the  borders  of  the 
Agean  Sea,  overlooking  the  Grecian  Gulf  of  the  Peloponnesus  and  towns  of  Asia  Minor, 
but  also  of  great  national  interest  as  the  theater  so  famous  in  the  history  of  human 
civilization  and  stands  to  glorify  the  reputed  descendants  of  Aeneas  and  the  Heroes  of 
ancient  Homeric  antiquity  which  has  occupied  the  attention  of  the  most  learned  writers 
and  antiqarians  of  ancient  and  modern  times. 

It  is  not  easy  to  describe  the  exact  location  of  the  city  and  its  walls,  extent  and  in- 
vestments, and  the  volumes  that  have  been  written  in  the  various  languages  would  form 
a  considerable  library,  however  from  what  has  been  gained,  this  is  supposed  to  be  the 
plain  of  old  Troy  about  9  miles  long  and  5  to  6  broad  at  the  head,  surrounded  with  a 
crescent  of  high  walls  and  cliffs  and  bounded  by  the  ancient  river  Scamander,  now  called 
Meandere,  on  the  one  side  and  Dembrek,  the  ancient  Samoris,  on  the  other,  the  rivers 
and  streams  which  enclose  it  where  the  tide  of  battle  rolled  to  and  fro  between  Hector, 
the  chief  bulwark  of  the  Trojans,  and  Achilles  the  foremost  of  the  Greeks,  the  Trojans 
pushing  the  Greeks  back  to  the  very  verge  of  the  sea  at  one  time  and  almost  set  their 
ships  on  fire. 

Agamemnon  besieging  the  god  built  walls  for  9  years  found  them  well  nigh  im- 
pregnable and  returned  to  their  ships  at  Tenedos  and  but  for  the  oracle  and  crafty  in- 
vention of  the  wooden  horse  by  Ulysses  would  have  abandoned  the  siege. 

It  presents  the  appearance  of  a  long  tract  of  meadow  land  enclosed  in  a  girdle  of 
low,  roundbacked  hills  and  prettily  garnished  by  many  lines  of  plane  trees,  which  skirt 
the  water  courses  coming  from  a  yawning  chasm  in  Mount  Gargarus  from  which  the 
Scamander  impetuously  dashes  in  all  the  greatness  of  the  divine  origin  assigned  to  it  by 
ancient  fable  in  the  grandeur  of  its  source,  stretching  down  into  the  Rhartan  promontory 
and  the  veritable  monument  of  Achilles  described  by  Homer  in  a  famous  passage  of  the 
Odyssey  stood  at  the  terminus  as  it  narrowed  down  into  the  coast  of  the  Dardanelles, 
traversed  by  St.  Paul  in  passing  from  Alexandria  Troas  to  Assus,  but  now  under  Turk- 
ish mis-rule,  being  guarded  by  the  Ottoman  fort  of  Koumkale. 

Among  the  ancient  historians  and  "writers  of  Troy,"  Aristotle  one  of  the  "seven  wise 
men  of  Greece,"  bn.  384.  died  322  B.  ('..  goes  to  Athens  in  367.  when  17  and  remains  20 
years  with  Plato,  then  in  345  was  at  Assus  in  the  Troad  for  3  years  to  342  B.  C.  when 
under  the  despot  Hermeas  reign.  Lycurgus,  Spartan  law  giver,  of  the  Acheans  and 
Dorian  settlements  of  the  Troad,  322  B.  C.  Hellancius.  native  of  Myteline.  logographer, 
49G-411  B.  0.  An  Aeolian  or  Ilian  ancient  history  writer  at  Lesbos,  482-397  B.  C.  in  his 
"Troica,"  Trojan  History,  the  off-spring  of  Electra,  in  reference  to  the  line  of  priestesses 
of  Apollo  Athenae  down,  and  was  then  one  of  the  usual  methods  of  dating,  and  it  was  he 
that  recorded  the  local  belief  in  the  Troad  that  Troy  had  not  been  totally  destroyed  by  the 
Greeks  but  had  continued  to  his  own  time.  Strabo,  64  to  24  B.  C,  famous  geographer  and 
historian,  in  first  chapter  of  Book  13,  is  the  principal  source  of  the  ancient  Troad,  and 
Strabo  mentions  Archaeanax  of  Mitylene  as  having  built  the  walls  of  Segeum  with  the 
stones  of  Troy.  Strabo  13,  page  38.  Also  (par.  4)  mentions  Charon  of  Lampaus  as 
flourishing  there  500  B.  ('.  Demastes  of  Segeum  400  B.  C.  was  the  author  of  "the 
genealogical  histories  of  Trojan  heroes."     Scylax  at  Carganda  and  Ephorus  at  Cyme,  340 

B.  C.  Eudoxus  at  Cyzicus,  130  B.  C,  and  Demetrius,  a  native  of  Scepsis,  wrote  a  book 
entitled  "Dracos  Mas,"  "The  Marshalling  of  the  Trojans."  in  favor  of  the  Greek  Illium 
which  has  also  been  personified  on  an  ancient  vase  found  at  Ilios  of  450  B.  C.  Lampascus, 
Segeum,  Abydos,  Antandrus,  Neandria,  Larissa.  and  Assos  were  all  near  Troy. 

When  Xerxes  crossed  the  Hellespont  and  invested  the  Trojan  plain  in  his  unsuccess- 
ful expedition  against  the  Greeks  in  480  B.  C.  after  the  siege  of  Sestus,  479,  he  went  up 
to  the  Pergamon,  or  Acropolis  of  Priam,  and  afterward  sacrificed  at  the  Ilian  Athene. 
Herodotus,  VII.-42.  Herodotus  is  called  "the  father  of  History."  Herodotus  of  Halicar- 
nassus,  now  Budrum  in  Caria,  484-425  B.  C,  according  to  Suidas  in  his  "Greek  Lexicon," 
Trans,  and  pub.  in  Milan,  1490,  he  died  and  was  buried  at  Thurii  438  B.  C.  Dionysius,  the 
Elder  Tyrant  of  Syracuse,  430-367  B.  C,  was  the  author  of  the  "Ransom  of  Hector,"  a 
Greek  poem.     His  power  and  influence  preceded  that  of  Alexander  the  Great.     In  334  B. 

C.  Alexander  the  Great  in  his  conquest  of  Persia  and  Asia  Minor  set  off  from  Pella,  cross- 
ing the  Hellespont  at  Sestus,  to  appease  at  Illium  by  a  costly  sacrifice  the  wrath  of  the 
luckless  Priam,  defeated  Darius  at  Issus  333  B.  C,  and  won  the  Battle  of  Granicus,  334, 

190 


Trojan  Arms  and  Altars.     Lysimachus.    Antiochus  the  Great.     Pergamus  Bequeathed  to 

Rome.     Scipio  and    Temple  of  Athene.     Linlian    Kings.     Alexander   tlie   ureal.     Caesar. 
Roman  Occupancy.     Plundered  by  the  Turks.     Relics  of  Troy. 

celebrated  as  the  scene  of  the  first  victory  gained  over  the  Persians,  after  he  crossed  the 
Hellespont  (or  modern  Dardanelles)  which  opened  the  path  for  his  further  advance,  on 
landing  in  the  Troad  he  visited  Ilium.  In  their  temple  of  Athene  the  Ilians  showed  him 
Arms  which  had  served  in  the  Trojan  War.  including  the  shield  of  Achilles,  which  he  ex- 
changed for  hjs  own,  and  they  pointed  out  the  altar  of  Zeus  Herkeiors  on  which  Priam 
had  been  slain,  and  he  offered  libations  as  Xerxes  had  done  before  him  in  his  prideful 
invasion,  crossing  the  Dardanelles  (ancient  Hellespont)  by  a  bridge  of  boats  to  facilitate 
his  passage  and  placed  a  garland  on  the  supposed  tomb  of  his  royal  ancestors.  And  after 
the  Battle  of  Ipsus,  301  B.  C,  he  enlarged  and  fortified  the  dominions  of  Lysimachus. 
King  of  Thrace,  his  executive  and  governor,  and  gave  Ilium  a  wall  with  ramparts  and 
posterns  (postern  gates)  and  towers  at  regular  intervals,  5  Roman  or  6  English  miles  in 
circumference,  the  traces  of  which  remain  to  the  present  day,  the  oldest  extanl  system 
of  Greek  military  engineering,  and  although  since  twice  attacked  by  the  Gauls,  the 
temple  of  the  Ilian  Athene  which  he,  however,  rebuilt  has  retained  its  prestige  and  be- 
came the  center  of  the  culture  of  the  Latin  league  of  the  free  cities  of  the  Troad. 

In  19-!  B.  C.  Antiochus  the  Great  visited  it  before  sailing  to  the  aid  of  the  Aetolians 
and  in  190  B.  C,  shortly  before  the  Battle  of  Magnesia,  and  it  passed  under  Roman  pro- 
tection 189  B.  C.  and  was  honored  as  the  city  of  Aeneas  and  thus  the  parent  of  Rome,  as 
the  Romans  came  into  the  Troad  they  greeted  it  as  the  reputed  home  of  their  heroic  an- 
cestors and  it  was  their  boast  and  pride  to  recall  the  legend  of  Roman  descent  from 
Aeneas  and  Troy  as  the  cradle  of  their  race.  And  Lucias  Scipio  and  the  Ilians  were 
alike  eager  to  claim  it  and  Pergamus  was  bequeathed  to  Rome  by  the  Achaeans.  133  IV 
C,  under  the  court  of  Attalus,  and  Eumenes  and  Scipio  offering  sacrifices  to  the  Ilian 
Athene  "not  so  much  in  reward  for  recent  services,  as  in  memory  of  the  source  from 
which  their  nation  sprang"  as  confirmed  by  the  works  of  Dionysius,  son  of  Alexander  of 
Halicarnassus,  son  of  Zeus  and  Semele,  Greek  critic  and  historian,  54-7  B.  C,  who  wrote 
"History  of  Rome"  in  several  volumes,  of  which  the  Latin  version  of  the  M.  S.  was  pub- 
lished in  Milan  as  early  as  1480  and  the  first  edition  of  the  Greek  original  by  Stephens 
of  Paris  in  1546.  He  was  an  admirable  rhetorician  and  is  a  mine  of  informal  ion  about  the 
antiquities  of  the  Romans  and  their  earliest  traditional  history  of  probable  Trojan  de- 
scent and  it  will  always  command  the  regard  and  favor  of  scholars.  The  future  story  of 
Troy  is  short  and  uneventful.  Under  the  Lydian  Kings  whose  dynasty  culminated  in 
Croesus,  a  New  Troy,  Ilium  Novum,  began  to  creep  into  notice  whence  from  the  glory 
that  belonged  to  its  name  and  the  favor  of  Alexander  the  Great  and  Julius  Caesar,  who 
regarded  Aeneas  "as  his  great  ancestor,"  and  Aeneas  Sylvinus,  as  the  reputed  founder  of 
the  Roman  power,  "Populus  Romanus."  the  Roman  people  and  other  influential  visitors 
grew  into  greater  significance  in  Augustus'  and  later  times. 

The  later  history  of  Illium  is  little  more  than  Roman  occupancy  and  benefits.  Sulla 
caused  it  to  be  rebuilt  after  its  destruction  by  Fimbria  in  85  B.  C.  and  to  atone,  Caesar 
rebuilt  and  richlv  endowed  it,  and  new  prosperity  came  through  Julius  Caesar,  for  the 
Julian  family  traced  their  descent  from  Ascanius,  and  Augustus  while  conforming  to  ils 
ancient  privileges  gave  it  new  territory,  rebuilt  the  Temple  of  Athena  and  surrounded 
it  with  courts  and  porticos,  and  later  emperors  favored  it. 

Constantine  at  one  time  planned  to  make  it  the  seat  of  his  new  capitol  and  they 
even  contemplated  transferring  the  Imperial  capital  to  the  Hellespont,  and  Strabo  men- 
tions a  Roman  colony  being  sent  out  there  in  Augustus'  reign.  Carricalla  paid  honors 
to  the  tomb  of  Achilles  A.  D.  211-17,  and  from  Constantus,  337-361,  to  Constantine,  911-951 
A    D     it  was  held  almost  sacred  as  the  shrine  of  pseudo-Trojan  memorials. 

It  was  for  a  long  time  the  seat  of  a  Bishopric,  but  was  plundered  about  1316  by  the 
Turks  and  since  then  has  lain  in  ruins,  a  pre-bistoric  field  for  the  difficult  researches  of 
the  antiquary  and  the  archeologist  which  has  been  instituted  and  going  on  in  later  times 
to  establish 'the  exact  location  and  greatness  of  the  city,  the  most  famous  of  all  the 
ancient  cities  of  the  plain.  . 

"Authenticity  and  Relics  of  Troy."  On  the  famous  "Francois  \ase  there  is  a 
delineation  of  "the  Siege  of  Troy,  and  an  ancient  'Pinax'  of  the  Battle  of  Hector  and 
Achilles"-  and  an  Amphoria  of  "Achilles'  chariot  dragging  the  dead  Hector  round  the 
walls  of  Troy"  found  at  Camirus  and  now  in  the  British  Museum  dating  450  It.  C;  and 
many  other  undoubted  examples  of  vase  paintings,  such  as  "Sailing  of  Agamemnon  s 
fleet"  "Marshalling  of  the  Troops,"  "Besieging  of  the  Walls"  and  "Destruction  ol  the 
Wooden  Horse,"  to  be  found  in  the  antique  collections  of  Rome  and  Italy  of  Hellenic  Art 

191 


Homeric  Plate  and   Priam's    Treasures.     Mycenae   Contributions.     Hector   and   Achilles 

Worthy   Knights.     Hannibal.   Napoleon    and    Count    von   Moltke — Impressions   of   Battle. 

Explorations  of  Curtis.  Clarke,  Schlieman,  Dorpfeld.     Extract  from  Homer's  Odyssey. 

from  Mycenae,  Tiryns,  Ilios  and  Troja.  The  "Francois  crater."  found  at  Chiusi,  has  115 
subjects  and  explanatory  inscriptions  all  relating  to  the  life  and  death  of  Achilles  and 
the  Trojan  War,  signed  as  that  of  the  potter  Ergotimus  and  painter  Cliteas  of  the  6th 
century  B.  C.  now  in  the  Etruscan  Museum  in  Florence.  ( See  Pottery,  Enc.  Brit. 
9th  Ed.,  Vol.  19,  pages  600-43). 

In  Homeric  Plate.  The  most  remarkable  find  is  that  of  Dr.  Schlieman  on  the  plain 
of  Troy  at  Hissarlik  which  he  calls  "Priam's  Treasures,"  including  a  large  number  of 
silver  vases  and  bowls  with  fine,  massive,  double-handled  cups  of  gold  and  a  very  curious 
spherical  gold  bottle  and  a  bronze  sword  with  blades  inlaid  in  gold  and  silver  characters 
found  at  Mycenae,  and  as  a  trophy  and  relic  of  the  age  the  imprint  and  personification 
of  the  skill  of  which  Hector  and  Achilles  were  declared  the  worthiest  Knights  that  ever 
brandished  swords  and  of  which  Homer  frequently  foretold  in  his  narrations.  The 
analogy  of  the  French  legends  of  Charlemagne  warrants  the  supposition  that  the  Achaean 
prince  once  held  a  position  like  that  of  Agamemnon  and  although  there  are  only  two 
literary  witnesses,  Homer's  traditions  of  the  Odyssey  and  the  Iliad,  epic  poems  or 
"rhapsodies,"  written  and  well  known  800  B.  C.  and  handed  down  by  bards  to  560  B.  C. 
and  since  by  Grecian  sages  and  scholars  to  the  whole  world. 

Yet  further,  from  "the  impressions"  of  all  the  greatest  generals  from  Hannibal  down 
to  Napoleon,  who  have  traversed  it.  and  as  expressed  by  Count  Von  Moltke,  the  great 
Prussian  field  marshal  (1800-91),  an  incident  showing  his  wonderful  grasp  and  masterly 
strategy  of  military  detail,  on  seeing  it:  "that  there  is  no  other  site  so  suited  for  a  chief 
capital  city,  to  stand  a  prolonged  warfare  of  that  period  in  the  ancient  plain,  that  so 
corresponds  in  every  particular."  Other  cities  have  withstood  a  longer  siege  and  in  a 
later  period.  During  the  Taping  rebellion,  the  city  of  Nanking,  China,  was  besieged  for 
13  years.  Just  outside  the  walls  of  the  city  may  still  be  seen  the  earthworks  thrown  up 
by  the  imperial  army,  which  sometimes  numbered  thirty-five  thousand.  The  walls  were 
so  strong  and  extensive  that  they  might  have  withstood  a  longer  siege  and  while  not 
proof  against  modern  missiles  were  impregnable  in  their  day  and  may  be  cited  as  bearing 
testimony  of  the  strength  of  the  walls  and  the  duration  of  the  siege  of  old  Troy.  The 
late  European  conflict  shows  that  great  wars  may  be  waged  for  lesser  crimes  (or  pre- 
text) than  the  abduction  of  Helen.  After  the  French  explorations  and  excavations  of 
Lochevalier  and  Ernst  Curtis  in  1785  and  6,  the  American  J.  T.  Clarke  in  1880-2,  and  the 
German  of  Dr.  Schlieman  and  Dr.  Dorpfeld  in  1875-84,  with  all  the  evidence,  relics  and 
revelations  they  have  unearthed,  explored  and  brought  to  light  in  that  ancient  field  and 
site  of  the  veritable  "Troy  of  the  Iliad,"  we  are  led  to  believe  as  incontestable  that  the 
siege  of  old  Troy  was  not  a  myth,  but  a  great  ancient  national  reality  not  to  be  easily 
controverted  or  gainsaid,  and  although  like  all  the  other  renowned  cities  of  antiquity, 
"Fuit  Ilium,"  Troy  has  been  and  existed,  its  glory  has  departed  and  the  exact  site  lost  in 
the  mists  of  ages,  the  sublime  heroes  of  its  prolonged  siege  and  unyielding  battlements 
will  ever  be  transmitted  in  the  imperishable  epic  poem  of  the  immortal  Homer. 

What  took  place  here  in  the  Greek  peninsula  a  thousand  years  before  the  Christian 
era  has  been  likened  to  what  took  place  in  the  Italian  peninsula  in  the  fifth  century  after 
Christ  when  the  invading  German  tribes  overwhelmed  the  civilization  of  Rome  and  de- 
stroyed its  preeminence  and  supremacy  for  all  time. 

Soon  after  the  fall  of  Troy  the  Grecian  chieftains  and  princes  returned  home  mostly, 
although  the  legends  represent  the  gods  as  withdrawing  their  protection  from  the  hitherto 
favored  heroes,  because  they  had  not  spared  the  altars  of  the  Trojans.  Consequently 
many  of  them  were  driven  in  endless  wanderings  over  sea  and  land.  Homer's  Odyssey 
portrays  the  sufferings  of  the  "much  enduring  Odysseus,"  or  Ulysses,  impelled  by  divine 
wrath  to  long  journeyings  through  strange  seas.  The  following  being  an  extract  of 
"the  fall  of  Troy"  which  he  relates.  From  Translation  of  Homer's  Odyssey  by  William 
Cullen  Bryant.  ( Extract  I .  Riverside  Press,  Cambridge,  1899.  Houghton,  Mifflin  &  Co. 
Blank  verse  being  best  suited  to  Epic  Greek  translation. 

"Ulysses  among  the  Phoenicians." 
Thus  to  the  minstrel  sage  Ulysses  spake. 

Demodocus,  above  all  other  men  595 

I  give  thee  praise,  for  either  has  the  Muse, 

Jove's  daughter,  or  Apollo,  visited 
And  taught  thee.     Truly  hast  thou  sung  the  fate 

Of  the  Achain  warriors — what  they  did 

192 


Ulysses  and  the  Wooden  Horse  in  the  Fall  of  Troy.     The  Trojan   War.     Dealings   with 
the  Acheans.     Paris,  the  Gay  Young  Prince.     Helen,  the  Beauty  Of  Her  Age,  Agamemnon's 

Fleet. 

And  suffered — all  their  labors  as  if  thou  i;u(i 

Hadst  been  among  them,  or  hadst  heard  the  tale 
From  an  eye  witness.     Now  I  pray  proceed 

And  sing  the  invention  of  the  wooden  horse 
Made  by  Epeius  with  Minerva's  aid, 

And  by  the  chief  Ulysses  artfully  605 

Conveyed  into  the  Trojan  citadel. 

With  armed  warriors  in  its  womb  to  lay 
The  city  waste.     And  I,  if  thou  relate 

The  story  rightly,  will  at  once  declare 
To  all  that  largely  hath  some  bounteous  god  610 

Bestowed  on  thee  the  holy  gift  of  song." 
He  spake;  the  poet  felt  the  inspiring  god. 

And  sang,  beginning  where  the  Argives  hurled 
Firebrands  among  their  tents,  and  sailed  away 

In  their  good  galleys,  save  the  band  that  sat  615 

Beside  renowned  Ulysses  in  the  horse, 

Concealed  from  sight,  amid  the  Trojan  crowd 
Who  now  had  drawn  it  to  the  citadel. 

So  there  it  stood,  while  sitting  round  it  talked 
The  men  of  Troy,  and  wist  not  what  to  do.  620 

By   turns   three   counsels   pleased    them — to   hew   down 
The  hollow  trunk  with  the  remorseless  steel; 

Or  drag  it  to  the  height,  and  cast  it  hence 
Headlong  among  the  rocks;  or  lastly,  leave 

The  enormous  image  standing  and  unharmed  625 

An  offering  to  appease  the  gods.     And  this 

At  last  was  done:   for  so  had  fate  decreed 
That  they  should  be  destroyed  when  e'er  their  town 
Should  hold  within  its  walls  the  horse  of  wood. 
In  which  the  mightiest  of  the  Argives  came  630 

Among  the  sons  of  Troy  to  smite  and  slay. 
Then  sang  the  bard,  how  issuing  from  the  womb 

Of  that  deceitful  horse,  the  sons  of  Greece 
Laid  Ilium  waste,  how  each  in  different  ways 

Ravaged  the  town,  while,  terrible  as  Mars,  635 

Ulysses,  joined  with  Menelaus,  sought 
The  place  of  Deipholus  and  there 
Maintained  a  desperate  battle  till  the  aid 

Of  mighty  Pallas  made  the  victory  his. 
So  sang  renowned  Demodocus;    the  strain 

Melted  to  tears  Ulysses,  from  whose  lids 
They  dropped  and  wet  his  cheeks. 
The  Trojan  War.  Library  of  Universal  Knowledge.  Vol.  14.  page  585.  (Mainly  an 
abstract  from  a  reprint  of  Chambers'  Encyclopaedia  of  1880,  London  edition).  The  story 
of  the  Trojan  War,  which  forms  the  subject  of  Homer's  great  poem  the  Iliad  is  ex- 
tremely simple,  as  written  in  the  time  of  Augustus  Caesar  130-20  B  C.  from  earlier  docu- 
ments. 

The  Trojans  in  the  person  of  Paris,  or  Alexander  the  son  of  the  reigning  monarch 
Priam,  are  represented  as  having  had  certain  dealings  with  the  Acheans  or  Greeks  of  the 
Peloponnesus,  in  the  course  of  which  the  gay  young  prince  carries  off  from  the  palace 
of  Menelaus,  King  of  Sparta,  who  in  his  kindness  had  entertained  him,  and  having  oc- 
casion to  go  to  Athens  or  Crete  and  being  entrusted  to  his  household  and  young  queen 
in  his  absence  to  requite  him,  shamefully  elopes  with  his  spouse  Helen,  the  greatest 
beauty  of  her  age,  of  whom  the  Aphrodite  had  foretold  and  which  he  preferred  to  honor 
and  wealth.  ,  ,    .       .    .   .        ., 

To  avenge  this  insult,  the  young  Greeks  being  jealous  and  angered,  banded  together 
under  Agamemnon,  King  of  Mycenae,  the  most  powerful  monarch  in  Greece  and  brother 
of  Menelaus  the  royal  person  whose  hospitality  had  been  so  grossly  violated,  and  sailed 
against  Troy  with  a  large  fleet.     All  the  Greek  tribes,  the  most  notable  of  which  were 

193 


Nine  Years'  Siege.     The  Wooden  Horse.  Fall  of  Troy.     Cassandra  Consigned  to  Agamem- 
non.    Clytemnestra.     Aegistus.     Sappho.     Orestes.     Hermione.        Agamemnon's      Tomb. 
Troy  or  Illium.     Situation.     King  Priam. 

the  Argives  and  Acheans,  took  part.  The  most  prominent  captain  was  Achilles  and  the 
general  command  of  the  whole  expedition  was  committeed  to  Agamemnon.  Twelve 
hundred  galleys  bore  the  gathered  clans  from  Aules  across  the  Aegean  Sea  to  the  Trojan 
shore.  There  is  a  noted  chapter  in  Homer  (2d  book)  wherein  is  recorded  the  names  of 
all  the  Grecian  chiefs  and  whence  they  came  and  how  many  men  they  furnished,  as  well 
as  the  battering  of  the  walls,  who  besieged  the  city  for  9  years  without  making  any  im- 
pression. At  last  the  stratagem  and  construction  of  the  monstrous  hollow  wooden  horse 
with  the  Greek  conquerors  concealed  within  was  conceived  by  Ulyssus,  King  of  Ithaca, 
and  conveyed  within  the  gates  by  the  Trojans,  who  giving  themselves  over  to  revelry, 
the  inmates  came  out  and  Troy  was  taken  and  destroyed. 

After  the  fall  of  Troy,  which  the  fair  prophetess  Cassandra  (fairest  daughter  of 
Priam  and  Hecuba  and  twin  sister  of  Helenus)  the  admiration  of  Apollo  had  foretold 
and  who  fled  to  the  temple  of  Minerva  for  protection,  her  captor  the  Locrian  Ajax,  son  of 
the  King  of  Locri,  being  engulfed  in  the  waves  of  the  sea  for  his  temerity  in  tearing  her 
from  the  sacred  altar,  she  was  consigned  to  Agamemnon  "who  loved  her  deeply"  and 
carried  off  with  his  share  of  the  spoils  a  willing  subject  in  repay  and  the  great  chieftain 
it  is  said  took  her  for  wife  to  become  his  favoriate  Grecian  princess  bearing  him  twin 
sons,  the  Messenean  princes.  Idas  and  Lynceus.  Agamemnon  signalled  the  fall  of  Troy 
by  beacon  lights  from  the  hill  and  mountain  tops  all  the  way  to  his  wife  Clytemnestra. 
twin  sister  of  Helena,  of  the  royal  house  of  Tyndareus  of  Sparta,  of  whom  their  hus- 
bands succeeded  and  of  whom  Menelaus  had  recovered,  of  the  joyful  news.  It  is  said 
that  Napoleon  as  late  as  1793  established  a  line  of  military  signal  towers  extending  to 
I  he  French  frontiers,  the  first  to  send  messages  by  a  kind  of  visual  semaphore,  before 
telegraphy  was  in  use  by  Morse  in  1844. 

In  the  long  absence  of  her  husband  Clytemnestra  had  yielded  to  the  persuasions 
and  formed  a  connection  with  Aegistus  who  had  usurped  the  throne,  in  whose  care,  as 
hostage,  he  left  her  with  the  family  of  young  children  born  to  them,  Chrysosthemis. 
Iphigenia,  Elesta  and  one  son  Orestes,  and  his  coming  with  Cassandra,  the  prototype  of 
female  beauty  and  loveliness,  whose  praises  were  sung  by  Sappho,  the  classic  poetess, 
in  her  school  of  girls  at  Mytiline  580  B.  C.  (  Her  poems  formed  9  books  of  which  only 
fragments  remain)  had  excited  their  jealousy,  and  having  prepared  a  great  feast  ap- 
parently in  honor  of  the  occasion  on  their  arrival,  but  being  mortified  and  angered, 
Clytemnestra  and  her  paramour  conspired  together  and  later  poisoned  them  in  the  wine 
cup.  They,  bring  afterward  slain  by  the  vengence  of  his  son  Orestes  in  revenge,  who 
with  his  friends  fled  to  Athens  and  whose  crime  was  mitigated  by  extenuating  circum- 
stances and  he  was  restored  to  the  throne  of  his  father  Agamemnon  in  Mycenae,  married 
Hermione,  the  daughter  of  Helena  and  Menelaus,  his  cousin,  who  had  been  the  wife  of 
Neoptolemus,  or  Pyrrhus,  and  at  their  death  succeeded  to  the  dominions  of  Sparta  also 
and  according  to  Hillanicus  of  Sceptsis  began  the  Aeolic  migration  to  Asia  Minor.  He 
is  buried  at  Sparta.     Herodotus,  11-67. 

Agamemnon's  tomb  at  Mycenae,  was  pointed  out  among  the  ruins  by  Pausanius, 
Grecian  historian  and  traveler  of  the  2nd  century,  150  A.  1).,  in  his  "Tour  of  Greece," 
an  invaluable  guide,  Book  2,  par.  16.,  pages  5-7.  Dr.  Schlieman  discovered  in  1876,  in 
his  excavations  at  Mycenae,  and  unearthed,  enclosed  in  a  circle  of  tombs,  19  bodies,  and 
from  the  immense  amount  of  gold  and  silver  ornaments  in  the  "collection  of  the  5  graves 
of  Agamemnon  and  his  companions"  which  he  believes  to  be  the  same  Pausanius  saw 
and  which  he  considered  the  crowning  historical  revelation  of  our  time  in-as-much  as  it 
established  the  existence  of  that  royal  family  without  a  doubt.  And  the  golden  "Vaphio 
Cups"  with  their  artistic  scrolls,  found  in  a  tomb  at  Vaphio,  near  Sparta,  in  1889,  "The 
finest  product  of  the  goldsmith's  art  left  to  our  wondering  eyes,  substantiate  the  Achean 
civilization  of  Greece"  and  tends  to  justify  the  conclusion  that  it  was  certainly  over- 
whelmed as  violently  by  a  wave  of  semi-barbarism  from  which  it  took  years  to  recover. 

Troy  or  Ilium.      (Encyclopedia   Americana,  vol.   15,   1904   and   6,   and   other  works). 

A  famous  ancient  city  of  Natolia  opposite  the  Isle  of  Tunedos  in  the  northwestern 
part  of  Asia  Minor,  the  capital  of  the  Troad,  a  region  lying  on  the  coast  of  the  Aegean 
Sea  at  the  entrance  to  the  Hellespont  (or  Dardanelles,  from  the  ancient  town  built  by 
Dardanus,  the  ancestor  of  Priam)   now  included  in  the  Turkish  province  of  Adramyte. 

Priam,  King  of  Phrygia,  last  ruler  of  Troy,  soon  after  his  accession,  the  discovery 
of  a  gold  mine  in  his  kingdom,  that  of  Astyra  near  Abydos  of  which  a  little  now   re- 

194 


The  Fume  of  Troy.    Greek  States  United  in    Warfare.     Siege  and  Stratagem.     Fall  of 
Troii.    Aeneas   Escapes.     New    Troy.     Illium    Novum.     Hissarlik.     I>r.    Schlieman's    Re- 
searches.    Iliad  and  Odyssey.     Ulysses'  Return   Home.     Pan  lope's  Suitors  Dispatched. 

mains,  enabled  him  to  enlarge  and  beautify  his  capital,  strengthen  its  defences  and  raise 
a  powerful  army  and  under  his  reign  "the  many  towered  Ilium"  was  regarded  as  the 
largest,  richest  and  most  magnificent  city  and  himself  the  most  powerful  monarch  in 
Asia  Minor  or  lesser  Asia. 

The  fame  of  Troy  rests  upon  the  two  Homeric  epics,  the  Iliad  and  the  Odyssey, 
which  incidentally  to  their  main  themes  give  an  account  of  the  long  war  in  which  the 
city  was  finally  destroyed,  the  date  of  the  latter  event  being  generally  placed  at  11S4  B.  C. 
The  cause  of  the  war,  the  abduction  of  Helen,  the  wife  of  King  Menelaus  of  Sparta,  by 
Paris,  son  of  the  Trojan  King  Priam.  Almost  all  the  states  of  Greece  proper  united  to 
avenge  the  insult  and  confederated  together  under  the  leadership  of  Agamemnon,  King 
of  Mycenae,  landed  on  the  Trojan  coast  with  a  large  army.  After  besieging  the  city  in 
vain  for  ft  years  they  finally  took  it  by  stratagem  of  the  artful  and  crafty  Ulysses.  They 
placed  outside  the  walls  a  large  wooden  horse  in  whose  interior  lie  and  a  numlver  of  the 
Greek  heroes  were  concealed  and  the  rest  of  the  army  then  retired  to  the  ships  as  if  they 
had  abandoned  the  siege.  The  Trojans  in  exultation  dragged  the  horse  through  the 
"Scaean  Gates,"  within  the  walls  and  during  the  night  the  Greeks  came  forth  and  open- 
ing the  gates  were  joined  by  the  main  army  which  had  returned  from  the  ships  and 
great  Ilium,  of  100,000  warriors  was  taken.  The  city  was  now  given  over  to  fire, 
plunder  and  massacre.  Among  those  who  escaped  was  Aeneas,  who  finally  reached 
Italy  and  according  to  the  accepted  legend  was  the  ancestor  of  the  first  Roman  Kings. 

The  Homeric  legend  of  Troy  is  believed  by  modern  scholars  to  be  woven  around  a 
real  nucleus  of  facts.  About  the  6th  century  B.  C.  a  new  Troy,  Ilium  Novum,  was 
founded  on  what  has  ever  since  been  believed  to  be  the  site  of  the  Homeric  city.  The 
place,  is  now  called  Hissarlik  and  lies  a  few  miles  from  the  southwestern  entrance  to 
the  Dardanelles.  Here  Dr.  Schlieman  began  excavations  in  1871,  and  again  in  1882,  and 
his  researches  prove  that  the  site  has  been  occupied  successively  by  several  cities,  the 
second  of  these  from  the  bottom  or  the  fifth  from  the  top  bears  marks  of  having  been 
destroyed  by  a  conflagration.  Within  its  blackened  walls  were  found  the  ruins  of  a 
palace,  pottery,  and  a  number  of  gold  and  silver  ornaments.  This  he  considered  to  be 
the  city  of  Priam  and  the  Homeric  legend  so  well  defined  and  at  that  early  period  in 
detail  and  of  which  nothing  now  remains  except  portions  of  the  colossal  and  well  built 
outer  walls  to  mark  the  spot  of  naturally  great  historical  and   national  interest. 

As  a  poet.  Homer,  "the  prince  of  literary  stylists,"  whose  home  was  Cumae  in  Aeolia 
on  the  island  of  Cheos,  now  Scio,  about  850  B.  C,  must  be  acknowledged  to  excel  in  the 
truth,  the  harmony,  the  sustained  grandeur  and  the  satisfying  completeness  of  his 
characters  and  his  songs  deserve  the  prize  for  all  time  to  come.  Pisistratus,  rnler  of 
Athens,  612-527  B.  C.  is  said  by  Solon  and  others  to  be  the  first  to  have  collected  and 
disposed  the  books  of  Homer  in  the  order  of  which  we  have  them.  Phileas  of  Cos,  about 
325-265  B.  C,  compiled  what  may  be  called  the  first  Lexicon  of  Homer.  The  Iliad,  or  Poem 
of  Ilion  (Troy),  deals  with  the  Trojan  war  and  the  deeds  of  the  heroes  Greek  and  Trojan. 
The  Odyssey,  or  Poem  of  Odysseus,  whose  Latin  name  is  Ulysses,  takes  up  the  story,  a 
narrative  of  this  hero's  wanderings  and  adventures  on  his  way  home  after  the  fall  of 
Troy  and  welcome  by  his  faithful  wife,  fair  Penelope,  and  punishment  of  her  presumptu- 
ous suitors,  the  chieftains  of  Greece,  Antenous,  a  young  spendthrift,  Aglelans,  a  foppish 
fellow,  and  Leveritus,  a.  rich  merchant,  all  of  whom  he  soon  dispatched  with  his  strong 
bow  and  soon  became  reunited  to  his  anxious  wife  Penelope,  his  feeble  father  Laorte3, 
his  son  Telegonus,  his  old  servant  Eumeas,  and  old  dog  Argos,  who  knew  him  but  to  die 
soon  after.  The  two  great  poems  in  the  course  of  their  marvelous  narrative  give  us  a 
clear  picture  of  the  beliefs,  ideals  and  manners  of  the  time  in  both  war  and  peace.  As 
early  as  S00  B.  C.,  the  poems  were  well  known  in  present  form.  The  pictures  show  us 
life  in  a  primitive  age  of  an  Hellenic  dynasty  of  which  we  have  no  other  so  full  an  ac- 
count. These  people  believed  in  and  were  guided  by  the  "genius  of  the  gods"  and  it  is 
clear  that  the  account  of  them  sets  forth  an  ideal  of  peaceful  life  as  it  seemed  most 
desirable  to  the  antique  mind.  It  is  a  moving  picture  in  noble  simplicity  of  patriarchal 
times.  There  is  no  money,  they  lived  by  grazing  and  by  rude  agriculture  and  handicraft, 
a  man  counts  his  wealth  by  number  of  his  oxen,  flocks  and  herds.  Cattle  were  ex- 
changed for  armor,  guests  were  honored  with  gifts  of  beautiful  workmanship,  knitting, 
weaving  or  wrought  metals,  gold  and  bronze  ornaments. 

The  King  and  Queen  were  dear  to  their  people  as  father  and  mother.  Caste  was 
unknown.  All  alike  are  given  to  hospitality  and  industry.  Queens,  princesses  and  hand- 

195 


Character  of  the  People.     Their  Kings  and  Queens.     Employment.  Manners  and  Customs. 
Fair  Nausica  and  Andromache.     Faithful  Penelope.     Dress.  Sports.  Occupation. 

maids  happily  ply  the  various  tasks  like  poorer  women.  The  daughters  of  kings  drew 
water  at  the  fountain  like  the  fair  Nausica  and  Nymph  of  the  Isle  of  Calipso,  or  Circe, 
dau.  of  Alcinous,  King  of  the  Phoenicians,  who  entertained  Ulysses  on  his  wayward 
voyage  home  from  Troy,  and  Andromache,  who  lovingly  married  and  fed  the  horses  of 
Hector  and  later  beat  the  clothes  in  the  washing  troughs  of  Achilles  in  a  wifely  manner. 
Spinning  and  weaving  were  the  chief  occupation  of  the  women  of  all  classes.  The 
faithful  wife,  Penelope,  at  the  loom  with  the  never  finished  piece  of  stuff  unraveled  at 
night  to  delay  and  defeat  the  importunities  of  her  suitors  and  whom  Ulysses  punished 
upon  his  return.  (Od.  xix-225-2o5).  A  purple  wool  fabric  with  a  chase  or  hunting 
scene  in  gold  thread  woven  in  figures  for  Ulysses  as  personified  by  a  Greek  vase,  500 
B.  C,  of  the  graphic  arts,  with  the  whorl  of  the  distaff  and  spindles,  as  found  by  Dr. 
Schlieman  and  others  in  various  excavations. 

All  rejoice  themselves  after  a  day's  work,  with  games  and  feasting.  At  the  marriage 
festival  of  Peleus  and  Thetes  (Eros.  Cupido.  Cupid.*  the  God  of  love  prevailed,  says 
Homer,  with  watching  the  dances  and  hearing  the  song  of  the  harper  and  piper,  who 
sang  the  bards  which  composed  perhaps  their  mythical  literature  and  history,  or  later 
on  that  traditional  lore  which  has  been  transmitted  to  us  of  the  sublimity  of  their  gods. 
They  had  no  liking  for  tedious  repasts  or  coarse  pleasures  or  drunkenness  or  purple 
dress  of  the  later  Romans,  the  loose  Oriental  toga  was  worn,  with  sandaled  feet  and  light 
veiled  or  turbaned  head  dress  and  shield.  Games  of  discus  and  cestus,  archery,  racing 
and  wrestling  were  resorted  to  and  composed  their  pastime.  Wrestling  and  boxing 
among  the  Greeks  were  greatly  encouraged  and  the  highest  honors  and  rewards  were 
bestowed  upon  the  victors  so  that  a  man  was  honored  among  them  not  because  he 
happened  to  be  rich  but  according  to  his  skill  and  his  strength  and  courage  and  the 
number  of  things  he  could  do.  They  lived  in  walled  villages  in  a  country  half  wild, 
filled  with  savage  beasts  and  fierce  evil  men  and  tribes,  and  grazed  the  plains  and 
hunted  the  forest  and  later  drained  the  swamps  and  diverted  the  streams  and  founded 
cities  and  made  their  own  ships  and  weapons  of  war  and  household  utensils  of  metal, 
ivory,  clay  and  wood,  and  thus  made  their  path  more  clear  and  left  the  country  better 
than  they  found  it  in  many  things  which  we  would  not  understand  or  should  not  have 
had  if  it  had  not  been  for  these  old  Greeks  in  what  they  have  achieved  and  transmitted 
to  us. 

Now  we  must  not  think  of  them  as  living  in  great  cities,  such  as  they  were  after- 
ward, when  they  wrought  all  their  beautiful  works,  but  as  a  primitive  country  people, 
living  at  first  on  farms  in  small  protected  villages  in  a  simple  hard  working  pastoral 
or  rural  way  so  that  the  greatest  kings  and  heroes  among  them  prepared  and  cooked 
their  own  food  and  thought  it  no  shame,  and  built  their  own  houses  and  fed  their  herds 
and  harnessed  their  own  horses,  and  the  queen  and  princesses  worked  with  their  maid 
servants  and  attended  to  all  the  household  duties  and  spun,  wove,  embroidered  and  made 
the  raiment  for  clothing  of  the  family.  Ulysses  constructed  his  own  house  and  boat  at 
Ithaca  and  boasts  of  his  skill  in  swinging  the  scythe  and  guiding  the  plow,  as  well  as  his 
greater  conception  of  the  wooden  horse,  constructed  by  Epirus  in  the  final  reduction  of 
Troy. 

The  women  especially  were  beautiful  and  rosy  with  graceful  slimness  and  Grecian 
form  of  the  plastic  art  with  golden  hair  and  large  lustrous  eyes,  were  a  part  of  the 
artistic  type  as  exemplified  by  "Venus  in  statuary."  which  led  to  no  little  rivalry  among 
the  men  (as  we  see  in  the  case  of  Helen  and  Paris  and  others  later)  and  which  were 
of  a  round  ruddy  face  and  bodily  plumpness  which  the  ancient  Greeks  sought  to  perfect 
in  the  human  form,  as  of  "Apollo  Belvidere."  and  pleasing  simplicity  of  manners  was 
the  acme  of  manly  beauty  among  the  ancients. 

To  the  Cyclic  poets,  as  they  are  called,  between  770  and  550  B.  C,  belong  a  group  of 
lays  or  legends  in  connection  with  the  Trojan  war  which  the  two  great  epicists  Homer 
and  Virgil  left  untouched,  the  most  important  of  which  are  the  Lays  written  by 
Stasinus  of  Cyprus  relating  to  the  preparations  for  the  siege  of  Troy  and  the  first  nine 
years  of  the  siege  up  to  the  very  point  where  the  Iliad  begins.  The  Lay  of  Memnon, 
by  Arctinus  of  Miletus,  of  the  incidents  and  cause  of  the  sack  of  Troy  and  of  Paris 
and  Achilles.  The  "little  Iliad,"  by  Lescluis  of  Mitylene,  that  overlaps  that  of  Arctinus 
and  continues  the  Iliad  down  to  the  fall  of  Troy  including  the  exploits  of  Ajax  and 
Philoctetes.     The    "Homeward    Voyages,"    by    Agias   of   Troezen,    which    elapsed    in    the 


196 


Dares  the  Phrygian.    Dictys  of  Crete.     Aeschylus.     Sophocles.     Euripides.     Great  Tragic 

Poets.  Let/cuds  of  Antiquity.     Minos.  Ruler  of  Crete.     Theseus  of  Alliens.     Dardanus  of 

Troy.    Ancient    Rulers:     Argonautic    Inifasion.     Bielgic    Tribes.     Human    <;<nii. 

10  years  after  the  fall  of  Troy  up  to  the  Homeric  poem,  and  the  Lay  of  Telegonius,  by 
Rugammon  of  Cyrene,  of  the  80  years  following  there  and  in  Ithaca.  Euripides,  180- 
406  B.  C,  the  latest  of  the  three  great  tragic  poets  was  the  mediator  between  ancient 
and  modern  drama,  Hellenic  and  Romantic,  "the  daughters  of  Pelus  of  Troy,"  Helen  and 
Hecuba,  Talthybius  and  Menelaus,  Posidion.  Athena  and  Cassandra,  and  the  adventures 
of  the  Trojan  women  are  attributed  to  his  time.  The  Amours  of  the  Trojan  prince 
Troilus  and  his  niece  Cressida  with  Pendarus,  son  of  Lycaon  of  Lysia,  or  Zeleia.  as  a 
go-between  or  accessory,  is  found  as  related  by  the  Cyclic  poets.  In  the  early  Greek 
poems  conjugal  tenderness  as  seen  in  the  devotions  of  Hector  and  the  heroic  love  of 
Alcestis,  the  filial  piety  of  Antigone,  the  fidelity  of  Penelope,  the  resignation  of  Iphigenia 
and  the  joyousness  of  Nausica,  are  all  types  of  excellence.  Sappho,  the  classic  poetess, 
with  her  school  of  girls  at  Mytilene.  about  580  B.  C,  sounds  the  praises  of  the  Muses  in 
her  lyrics,  part  of  which  have  come  down  to  us. 

The  loves  of  the  faithless  Briseida,  daughter  of  Calchas,  first  with  Troilus,  next  with 
Diomede,  have  come  down  to  us  in  the  histories  of  Dares,  the  Phrygian,  and  Dictys.  of 
Crete.  "Dictys  Cretensis  d'Bello  Trojano."  Idomeneus.  King  of  Crete,  in  the  Trojan 
war,  and  the  manuscript  of  his  work  has  come  down  to  us  written  in  Phoenecian  char- 
acters, found  in  a  tomb  at  Gnossus  at  the  time  of  an  earthquake  in  the  13th  year  of 
Emperor  Nero's  reign,  37-68  A.  D..  and  translated  into  Greek  by  Nero's  order.  A  Latin 
translation  of  the  first  five  books  is  all  that  has  come  down  to  us. 

The  ^catastrophe  of  Aegestus  and  Agamemnon."  of  Aeschylus,  one  of  the  three 
Greek  tragic  poets,  525-45C  B.  C,  is  one  of  the  most  sublime  compositions  in  the  wholi 
range  of  the  Grecian  drama  which  has  come  down  to  us.  Later  on  (see  Int.  Cyclo.,  vol. 
2,  page  682)  of  Phyrne  and  her  reputed  lovers,  Hyperides,  Apelles  and  Prexitelles,  as 
their  "cherished  and  devoted  artistic  model  of  Venus."  and  the  loves  of  Hero,  daughter 
of  Leonidas  of  Sestus,  and  Leander  of  Abydus.  Mylesia.  on  the  Hellespont,  in  the  poem 
of  "the  Musaeus,"  or  Orpheus  and  Eruidice  of  Thrace,  550  B.  C.  (Herodotus  11-53)  who 
(Leander)  is  said  to  have  swam  the  ancient  Hellespont  every  night  to  visit  his  lover 
Hero,  a  feat  however  accomplished  by  Lord  Byron,  in  later  times,  the  strait  being  only 
a.  mile  wide  but  the  current  extremely  rapid.  Also  Aspasia  (Juno)  dau.  of  Axiochus 
of  Miletus  and  Pericles  (the  Olympian  Jove)  who  is  said  to  have  instigated  the 
Peloponnesian  war,  30  years,  431  to  404  B.  C,  in  account  of  by  Thucyides,  an  Athenian 
hetaera,  famous  for  her  beauty,  attraction  and  popular  influence  and  like  Thisbe,  con- 
versed and  beloved  of  Pyramus,  in  ancient  legend  among  the  Greek  and  Roman 
literature. 

In  the  legends  of  Antiquity,  Minos  was  the  first  ruler  of  Crete,  Theseus  of  Athens, 
and  Dardanus  of  Troy,  before  Priam  and  the  fall  of  Troy  and  the  SO  years  of  Argonautic 
invasion  and  colonization  appointed  by  the  fates  of  the  Athene  oracle.  These  events 
were  regarded  as  historical,  not  only  by  the  Greeks  and  Romans  themselves,  but  by 
the  moderns  within  the  last  half  century  of  research  and  a  date  1184  B.  C.  is  assigned 
with  as  much  precision  and  confidence  as  to  the  fall  of  Troy  and  of  the  passing  power 
and  splendor  of  that  ancient  period  later,  1150  to  800  B.  C,  as  to  the  rise  of  man  or  any 
other  event  in  the  moulding  of  the  world's  history.  The  legend  of  descent  from  the 
exiled  Trojans  so  long  a  favorite  notion  and  belief  of  the  Romans  themselves  early  took 
firm  hold  of  the  popular  imagination  in  France  and  England  and  among  the  savants 
of  Europe,  being  confirmed  by  several  chronicles  and  other  testimonials  found  pre- 
served in  the  archives  of  the  Monks  and  canons  of  the  earliest  Monasteries  and  old 
palaces  of  the  kings  of  the  first  race,  725  B.  C.  Through  wars  and  conquests  these 
people  falling  into  the  nomadic  tribes  naturally  drifted  to  the  coasts  and  streams  and 
inviting  wooded  plains  and  open  grassy  glades  of  Europe  and  so  this  region  in  time 
became  "originally  inhabited"  by  Belgic  tribes,  as  they  were  called,  under  feudal  lords, 
whose  subjection  bv  one  of  Caesar's  lieutenants  in  54  B.  C,  their  territory  lying  adjacent 
to  the  North  sea  between  the  Scheldt  and  the  Somme  called  "the  garden  of  Europe  ' 
was  incorporated  in  Roman  Gaul.  _ 

Under  the  supremacy  of  Rome  they  attained  to  a  certain  degree  of  civilization,  being 
renowned  for  their  agriculture,  industry  and  commerce.  The  region  was  afterward 
overrun  by  the  Franks  on  their  wav  to  Gaul,  many  of  them  settling  there  permanently. 
By  the  Treaty  of  Verden,  843  A.  D..  Flanders  was  assigned  to  Neustria  as  the 
western  kingdom  of  the  Franks  and  later  to  France.  Austrasia  being  the  eastern 
kingdom.     The  real  nucleus  of  Flanders  as  a  political   state  was  the  patrimony   oi    a 

197 


The  Franks  and  Flanders.     Noble  Family  of  Vlsle  Nucleus  of  Flanders.     Baldwin  1st  <t 

Ves.   Julius    Caesar   and    the    Koman-Helenic    World.     Downfall    of    Caesar.     The    Creek 

Race  and  Tradition.     Hellen,  Hon  of  Deucalion  and  Pyrra  Survivors  of  the  Deluge.     Hel- 

lena,  Dau.  of  Atlicwus.  King  of  Thebes.     Homer.     Swan  of  the  Meander. 

noble  family  whose  possessions  were  grouped  first  at  L'isle  and  around  Bruges  and 
Sluys,  of  which  Baldwin  1st  of  the  Iron  Arm  in  SH2  A.  D.  was  a  descendant.  Julius 
Caesar,  praecator,  born  at  Actea  or  Antioch  208  B.  C,  of  an  illustrious  and  noble  Julian 
family,  claimed  descent  through  lulus,  son  of  Anchises,  son  of  Aeneas,  his  son  Cains 
Julius,  Roman  general  and  dictator,  was  born  July  12,  100  B.  C.  "Caesar  the  Great" 
was  not  only  a  great  warrior,  but  an  orator,  historian  and  statesman  as  well.  In  5X 
B,  C,  Caesar  found  this  district  in  Gaul  known  as  Flanders  inhabited  by  "the  Morini, 
the  Manapii  and  the  Nervii,"  ami  having  subdued  and  conquered  these  tribes  he  an- 
nexed the  country  under  the  rule  of  the  Franks  and  although  it  was  decidedly  Germanic 
it  came  mostly  to  belong  to  France,  but  finally  asserted  its  own  independence.  An 
immense  circle  of  peoples  were  thus  disclosed  by  this  means  to  the  Roman-Hellenic 
world.  This  enlargement  of  the  historical  horizon  by  Caesar's  expeditions  was  as  much 
an  event  in  the  world's  history  as  the  exploration  of  America  in  the  Kith  century.  In 
both  cases,  to  the  old  was  added  a  new  world  responding  to  all  its  influences.  The 
crossing  of  the  Rubicon,  49  B.  C,  with  an  armed  force  contrary  to  the  commands  of 
the  senate  was  the  downfall  of  Caesar,  44  B.  C,  on  the  "Ides  of  March  15th,"  by  as- 
sassination of  conspirators  in  the  senate,  and  thus  ended  the  civil  war  in  the  victory 
over  the  Pontic  King  at  Zella,  47  B.  C,  in  his  laconic  message  to  the  senate  announcing 
his  victory,  so  famous,  it  ran  thus:  "veni,  vidi,  vici"  (I  came.  I  saw,  I  conquered),  and 
so  Rome  lost  the  greatest  man  their  race  had  yet  produced,  or  was  destined  ever  to 
produce. 

The  Greek  race  were  the  real  founders  of  the  Indo-European  preeminence  and 
through  the  Hellenic  and  the  Roman  we  are  the  heirs  of  these,  our  distant  ancestors  and 
earliest  masters  of  literature,  philosophy  and  art.  The  earliest  history  of  Greece  is  lost 
in  the  mists  of  ages.  The  ancient  Heroic  in  the  Argonautic  expedition  which  supplanted 
the  primitive  Pheligsta,  and  the  Trojan  war.  in  their  migrations,  is  the  first  we  have  of 
their  then  known  world.  Hellen  in  the  Greek  tradition,  the  son  of  Deucalion  and  Pyrrha, 
the  survivors  of  the  deluge,  is  their  favorite  origin.  In  Mythology,  the  Greeks  were 
descended  from  Hellena.  dau.  of  Athemus,  King  of  Thebes,  in  Bothia.  In  the  Greek, 
the  poems  of  Homer  have  come  down  to  us  from  the  "Swan  of  the  Meander,"  a  native  of 
Asia  Minor,  850-750  (some  say  650-600  P..  C.)  as  a  great  human  inheritance  of  the  primi- 
tive genius  and  enlightenment,  having  been  read  and  re-read  and  related,  and  from  the 
sublimity  of  their  heroes,  naturally  incorporated  into  all  the  languages  of  Europe  as 
masterpieces  of  classical  art  and  literature.  These  marvellous  legends,  divested  of  their 
mithric  and  artistic  embellishments,  may  be  regarded  as  the  only  true  narrations  of  the 
life,  manners  and  customs  in  peace  and  war  of  that  ancient  period,  1154  (some  say 
800  B.  C.)  of  which  we  have  no  other  definite  account  down  through  the  centuries  to 
the  establishment  of  the  Grecian,  Ionic  and  Aelonian  colonies  and  emigration  preceding 
the  formation  of  the  vast  Roman  empire.  "Populus  Romanus,"  the  Roman  people. 

The  first  book  printed  in  the  English  language  was  "the  History  of  Troy."  This 
was  printed  in  Cologne  in  1471.  The  first  book  printed  in  England  was  the  Bible,  by 
Caxton,  on  paper  made  by  John  Tate  of  Stevangc.  Hertford,  in  1490.  Papyrus  manuscripts 
date  back  to  2500  B.  C.  In  the  great  National  Library  of  France,  "la  Bibliothe  que  do 
Roi,  or  Nationale,"  is  one  of  the  largest  and  most  valuable  collections  of  manuscripts  of 
the  then  known  world  ever  found.  Ilium  Troja  in  Mysia,  Asia  Minor,  (Mitchell's  Ancient 
Classical  History)  called  by  its  own  people  Ilium,  but  known  to  us  as  Troy,  Troas  or 
the  Troad,  a  district  in  the  northwest  of  Mysia,  including  the  site  of  Old  Troy,  "long 
since  perished  but  immortalized  in  verse."  Xenophon  V.  (i,  23.  5.  Mysia  was  the  western- 
most division  of  Asia  Minor.  The  kingdom  of  Troas,  or  Troy,  and  a  part  of  the  Greek 
colony  of  Aeola,  were  included  in  Mysia.  In  the  southern  part  of  Mysia  was  the  city 
of  Pergamum,  once  the  capital  of  a  kingdom  of  the  same  name  and  a  close  ally  of  Troy 
in  the  Trojan  wrar.  Troy  stood  between  the  rivers  Scamander  and  Simois  at  the  head 
lands  of  the  plain  not  far  from  their  junction.  This  city,  no  longer  existent,  it  is  hard 
to  determine  just  where  it  stood.  In  the  vicinity  were  Mt.  Ida  and  the  Sagaemum 
promontory  or  cape.  Near  the  latter  many  contests  took  place  between  the  Greeks  and 
Trojans.  Aeola.  1124,  Iona  and  Doris,  were  Greek  colonies  in  Mysia.  Lydia  and  Caria 
whose  settlement  was  commenced  about  60  years  after  the  destruction  of  Troy. 

198 


Ilium  Novum  or  New  Troy.     Virgil's  Aeneid.     Aeneas,  Son  of  Anchises  and  Venus.     An- 
chises  of   Capys   and   Themis.     Antenor   Founds   Padua.     Aeneas,   Voyager  and    Colony 
Builder  Founds  Aenos.     Entertained  by  Queen  Dido.     Founds  Acesta.     Builds  I." 
Son  Builds  Alba  Longa  Whose  Kings  and  Descendants  were  Romulus  end  Remus,  Uniting 

Latin   end   Roman    I'"" 

After  the  fall  of  the  kingdom  of  Priam,  about  1184  B.  C.  the  future  story  of  Troy 
is  short  and  uneventful.  Under  the  Lydian  Kings  whose  dynasty  culminated  in  Croesus 
a  new  Troy,  Ilium  Novum,  began  to  creep  into  notice  and  from  the  inherited  glory  and 
the  favor  of  Alexander,  Julius  Caesar  and  others,  grew  into  great  national  importance 
and  significance. 

In  Virgil's  Aeneid.  70-19  B.  C,  Aeneas  was  the  son  of  Anchises  and  Venus,  and  great- 
grandson  of  Assaracus,  one  of  the  line  of  the  royal  Trojan  house,  and  was  ranked  nexl 
to   Hector  among  the  Trojan  heroes.     Anchises.   supposed   to   have   come   from   Assyria. 
was  the  son  of  Capys  and  Themis,  and  the  founder  of  Ilium.     After  the  fall  of  Troy,  the 
city  having  been  captured  and  set  on  fire  in  every  corner,  Aeneas  fled,  losing  his  wife 
Carusa  in  the  tumult  and  confusion,  "taking  his  household  goods"  and  leading  his  little 
son  lulus  by  the  hand  and  carrying  his  old  father  Anchises  on  his  back,  going  first  to 
Antandros  where  he  abode  the  winter  and  builds  his  fleet  and  sets  sail   for  Italy  and 
where  he  left  his  friend  and  companion  Antenor.     (Virgil's  Aen.  3.  6).     Aeneas  "built 
his  fleet  and  gathered  together  20  ships  and  set  sail  guided  by  the  gods"  and  it  is  worthy 
to  note  here.     The  historian  Varro  (llfi-2S  B.  C.)  states  that  Aeneas  on  his  voyage  from 
Troy  to   Italy  was  always  guided  by   Phosphorus    (Lucifer)    or  morning  star  and    Hes- 
perus  (Vesper)   or  evening  star  of  the  ancients   (our  Venus)   which  he  saw  continually 
above  the  horizon,  and  Homer  speaks  of  the  planet  (Venus)  as  "Kallistos.  the  beautiful" 
to  typify  the  goddess  Venus.       After  a  perilous  and   extended  voyage  making  several 
unpropitious   landings,   first  at   Thrace,   where   he   begins   to   build   a  city    to   be   called 
Aenos,  after  himself,  but  the  fates  were  against  him  and  he  abandons  the  plan  and  sails 
to  Crete.     Thence  he  was  driven  away  by  pestilence.     He  determined  then   to  sail   for 
Italy  but  the  passage  became  perilous  in  the  extreme  and  he  came  to  Epirus.     On  the 
voyage  his  father  Anchises  died  and  he  buried  him  here  and  left  Antenor.  the  Trojan 
elder,  who  it  is  said  settled  at  Cyrene  and  founded  Padua,  Patavium,  in  eastern   Italy 
Upon  leaving  there  a  dreadful   storm  arose  and  he  was  drifted  to  Carthage  where  he 
fell  in  with  and  entertained  and  had  a  love  affair  in  forming  a  connection  with  Queen 
Dido.      (Note:    Henry  Purcell,  Eng.  Mus.  Com..   1658-95,  wrote  in  16S0  the  most  famous 
dramatic  opera  of  "Dido  and  Aeneas"  for  the  schools  of  Chelsea  and  Leicester  Fields  un- 
der the  auspices  and  supervision  of  Nahum  Tate   (English  poet  1652-1715)    and  Josiah 
Priest  (an  author  1790-1850)  Enc.  Brit.,  9th  ed..  vol.  20,  page  113).     But  the  oracles  were 
against  it.  and  she,  dying  suddenly  in  a  revolt  of  the  Africans,  he  hastily  sailed  away 
and  landed  in  Sicily  at  Cumae.     Here  the  women  of  his  companions,  weary  of  the  long 
voyage,  going  from  place  to  place  without  any  settled  home,  and  the  seamen  discouraged 
with  the  perils  of  the  sea  determined  to  burn  the  fleet  and  would  go  no  further.     How- 
ever, after  building  the  city  of  Acesta,  he  sailed  to  Italy  leaving  behind  the  women  and 
some  of  the  men  belonging  to  his  fleet.     Then  sailing  along  the  Tiber  and   landing  on 
the  east  side  found  himself  in  the  country  of  Latimus,  King  of  the  Aborigines,  where 
he  falls  in  love  with  his  daughter  and  there  being  a  revolt  of  the  Rutuli,   the  tribe   o* 
a  rejected  suitor,  he  forms  an  alliance  with  latimus,  wins  an  important  battle  in   bis 
favor,   and   is   given   his   daughter,   Lavina.   who   was   destined   to   marry   a   stranger   in 
marriage  and  builds  Lavinium  in  her  honor.      According  to  legendary  history  Albalonga 
was  built  by  Ascanius  the  son  of  Aeneas  by  Carusa,  dau.  of  Priam,  his  first  wife,  who 
separated  and  lost  in  tumult  of  fleeing  from  distraction  of  Troy.     They  had  two  sons. 
Ilus  and  lulus,  or  Ascanius,  the  youngest  going  with  him  to  Latinum.     Soon  after  the 
rejected  suitor  Tarnus,  King  of  the  Rutuli,  made  war  on  Latimus  and  in  battle  both 
kings  were  slain  and  according  to  Livy.  Aeneas  became  the  King  of  1  atins  and  of  the 
Rutuli  and  he  assumes  the  sovereignty  of  Latinum  and  the  Trojan  and  Latin  powers  are 
united   in  one  nation   and   thence  the  father  of  the  founders  of  Rome.     After   a  short 
reign  of  three  years  as  conflicts  are  constantly  going  on  Aeneas  falls  in  battle  with  the 
Rutuli  and  the  Etruria,  the  aborigines  whose  kings  were  naturally  jealous  of  him.  de- 
scendants  of   whom   Caesar   conquered   in   his   first   invasion   of   that   territory         After 
Lavinium    Alba  Longa  was  built  by  Ascanius.  and  his  son  as  the  ancestor  of  the  Kings 
of  Alba  Longa  and  also  of  Romulus  and  Remus  was  regarded  as  the  founder  of  the  after 
great  Roman  empire. 

Antenor.  the  wise  Trojan,  friend  and  companion  of  Aeneas  who  was  in  favor  with 
the  Greeks  as  they  took  no  part  in  the  war  and  advised  the  sending  back  of  Helen  to 

199 


Virgil.     Achates  the  Armor  Bearer.     Titus  Livius.     Aeneas  and  Anterior  Hail  to  Italy. 

Aeneas  Makes  Alliance  with  Latinus  and  Marries  Lavinia,  His  Dau.     Sylvicus  Ancestor  of 

Sylvan    Kings.     Genealogical    Histories.     Ancestors    of    the     Trojans.     Patricia.     Latin 

League.    Roman  Empire.     Gaul  of  the  Franks.     The  Helenes. 

her  husband,  it  is  said  built  a  city  on  the  site  of  Troy  where  his  house  had  been  left 
standing  and  unmolested.  Others  say  he  went  with  Aeneas  and  make  him  the  founder 
of  various  cities  in  Italy. 

Virgil,  Latin  poet,  born  in  Andes,  near  Mantau,  Oct.  15,  70  B.  C,  of  Celtic  blood, 
died  19  B.  C,  at  Brindisi,  and  his  tomb  may  now  be  seen  at  Naples.  When  Virgil  was 
asked  why  he  studied  so  much  accuracy  in  the  plan  of  his  poems,  the  propriety  of  his 
characters  and  the  purity  of  his  diction,  he  replied:  "I  am  writing  for  eternity."  In 
the  Latin,  the  Aenead  is  an  epic  poem  and  descent  of  natural  life  perfected;  the  subject, 
the  adventures  of  Aeneas  after  the  destruction  of  Troy  down  to  the  greatness  of  the  Ro- 
man Empire  of  the  Augustan  period.  Most  of  the  invaders  and  chiefs  returned  to  their 
own  dominions  after  the  fall  of  Troy  along  with  Menelaus,  Achilles,  Diomedes  and  Nestor 
and  continued  to  rule  over  their  people  as  before. 

Achates,  or  Acates.  "the  Armor  bearer,"  was  the  faithful  friend  and  companion  of 
Aeneas  in  his  wanderings  after  the  conflagration  and  fall  of  Troy.  According  to  Titus 
Livius,  born  at  Padua,  Italy,  59  B.  C.  died  17  A.  D..  Aeneas  and  Antenor,  taking  no  part 
in  the  Trojan  war  were  favored  by  the  Greek  captors  and  so  gather  a  fleet  and  sail  to 
Italy,  where  Antenor  founds  a  colony  and  Aeneas  finally  made  an  alliance  with  Latinus 
and  was  bestowed  upon  and  given  his  daughter  Lavina  in  marriage  and  builds  a  town 
named  Lavinium  in  honor  of  his  wife,  and  his  son  Ascanius  builds  Alba  I.onga  at  the 
foot  of  Mt.  Alba.  Sylvius,  was  the  son  of  Ascanius,  and  so  the  Sylvan  Kings,  Numitor, 
Arnulius,  down  to  Romulus  and  Tullus  Hostitius  (G70-C38)  and  Servius  Tullius  (580-336) 
to  Thucydides  (471-400  B.  C.)  the  greatest  of  all  historians  of  that  time,  who  enter- 
tained it.     Sylvius,  grandson  of  Aeneas,  was  the  ancestor  of  the  Kings  of  Alba  Longa. 

Damastus  of  Segeum,  400  B.  C.  was  the  author  of  genealogical  histories  of  Trojan 
heroes.  Dardanus.  son  of  Zeus  and  Samothrace,  of  Hittite  descent  I  Boghatz-Koi,  docu- 
ment}, founded  Dardanus  before  Troy,  between  1402  and  1347  B.  C,  who  married  Strymo, 
of  Placia,  built  the  walls  of  Troy,  was  father  of  Priam  and  grandfather  of  Paris  and 
reigned  29  years. 

From  Ilus  and  Assaracus,  sons  of  Tros,  son  of  Dardanus,  sprang  two  separate  lines 
of  the  royal  house  of  Tros  or  Troy.  Aeneas  was  of  the  line  of  Assaracus.  At  Alba 
Longa  in  I  atinum  there  had  ruled  for  some  centuries  a  line  of  kings  descended  from  the 
Trojan  prince  Aeneas,  one  of  the  latest  of  these,  Ascanius,  left  the  Kingdom  to  his  eldest 
son  Numitor  and  from  him  to  Romulus  and  so  Quirincus.  etc.;  Lavinium  and  Lauro- 
lavinium,  now  called  Patricia,  an  ancient  capital  city  of  Latium.  17  miles  south  of 
Rome,  in  the  Campagna  of  Rome,  founded  by  Aeneas  and  named  in  honor  of  his  wife 
Lavina.  being  descendants  of  the  Trojan  race,  since  Lavinium  had  sprung  from  Troy 
and  Alba  from  Lavinium  and  the  foundation  of  Alba  Longa  by  Numitor,  eldest  son  of 
Ascanius,  son  of  Aeneas  and  the  introduction  of  a  Tyrrheno-Trojan  element  into  the 
primitive  history  of  Latium  and  the  various  cantons  and  domains  of  the  Latin  league 
(Federal  league,  inaugurated  under  Lysimachus  in  the  3rd  century,  323  B.  C),  and  the 
final  vast  jurisdiction  of  the  Roman  Empire;  and  so  Gaul  (now  France)  through  the  gov- 
ernor Aetius  and  Theadoric.  King  of  the  Goths,  and  Eunobald.  the  Burgundian  King,  and 
Orestes  and  Odacier,  of  the  Franks,  in  its  final  overthrow  and  dissolution  of  the  western 
empire  in  493-453  A.  D. 

The  Hellenes  which  supplanted  the  Pelasgi,  the  primitive  inhabitants,  as  they 
were  called  1384  B.  C.,  were  divided  into  four  tribes:  the  Ionians  and  Dorians,  who  first 
remained  in  obscurity  (Homer  lived  in  Chios,  off  the  Ionian  coast,  in  Asia  Minor  and 
Athens  is  only  mentioned  casually  as  a  small  "but  well  built  town,"  Son  B.  C.  I.  and  the 
Aeolians  and  Achaeans,  who  were  prominent  during  the  heroic  period,  the  Hellenic 
period,  according  to  legendary  history,  and  as  confirmed  by  the  most  modern  writers. 
Doris,  the  son  of  Hellen.  came  from  the  Peloponnesus,  was  the  ancestor  of  the  Dorians, 
who  settled  in  the  Grecian  archipelago  at  Mycenae  and  Cnossus  in  Crete  and  along  the 
shore  and  adjacent  Islands  of  the  Corinthian  gulf  and  Aegean  sea  and  established 
colonies  in  Italy,  Sicily  and  Asia  Minor.  It  was  in  the  reign  of  Tiscamenus,  grandson 
of  Menelaus,  that  the  Dorians  invested  the  Peloponnesus.  Hellen,  in  Greek  tradition, 
was  the  son  of  Deucalion  and  Pyrrha,  the  survivors  of  the  deluge.  Idomeneus  was  also 
their  son  according  to  Hecataeus,  their  famous  historian,  500  B.  C.  Hellen  had  three 
sons:  Doras,  Aeolus  and  Xuthus,  and  from  Doras,  Aeolus  and  two  sons  of  Xuthus  came 

200 


Mycenae.  Cnossus  and  Crete.    Athens.  Sparta  and  Angolis.     The  Hellenic  Race.    Oracles 

of  the  Delphi.     Amphyctionic  Councils.     Olympian   Comes   Xeur  Olympia.     Chronology 

Corebus  Prize  Marking  Events  in  Greek  Hist.     Victory  of  Miltiades.     Carried  from  Mara 

thon  to  Athens.     Destruction  of  Troy.     Mt.  Ida  a  Refuge. 

the  four  great  branches  of  the  Greek  people  or  Greek  colonies.  Eolia,  Ionia,  Doris  and 
Lyeia.  while  the  Greeks  collectively  are  called  Hellenes  after  Hellen. 

Mycenae,  founded  by  Perseus,  1457  B.  C,  was  the  capital  of  the  ancient  kingdom  of 
Agamemnon  and  was  at  that  time  the  principal  city  of  Greece.  It  was  subjeel  t.» 
earthquakes  which  have  overthrown  its  palaces,  as  well  as  those  of  Cnossus,  as  there 
were  no  temples  in  this  early  Mycean  or  bronze  age.  Greek  and  Ionic  colonies  were 
planted  around  the  eastern  end  of  the  Mediterranean  and  Crete  was  undoubtedly  the 
radiating  point  of  the  pre-historic  Hellenic  race  or  Mycenian  Age  which  terminated 
in  the  Trojan  war.  Athens,  the  capital  was  the  principal  city  and  seat  of  the  lonians, 
and  Sparta  in  baconia  of  the  Dorians  and  Argolis  in  Argolia  of  the  Argives.  As  long 
as  the  Greek  language  prevailed  the  legend  of  the  Hellenic  race  remained.  Despite  its 
dispersion  on  so  many  shores  and  its  division  into  so  many  states  the  great  Hellenic 
family  preserved  its  natural  unity.  This  was  brought  about  by  community  of  language 
and  religion,  by  the  renown  of  certain  oracles,  of  the  Delphi  in  particular,  whither  people 
flocked  from  all  parts  of  the  Greek  world,  and  by  general  institutions  such  as  the 
Amphyctionic  Councils  for  discussion  of  public  good,  defense  and  maintainance,  and  the 
public  games.  History  had  not  yet  begun.  Tradition  was  content  with  legends  and 
ancient  Kings  were  only  military  chieftains.  Every  head  of  a  family  was  the  priest  of 
his  own  house,  their  revenues  voluntary  gifts.  The  Olympian  games,  where  victory  was 
passionately  disputed,  occurred  every  four  years  and  continued  five  days  on  the  banks  of 
the  Alpheus  near  Olympia  in  the  Peloponnesus,  now  the  Morea.  to  exercise  the  youth  in 
five  kinds  of  combats.  They  furnished  the  basis  for  chronology  because  beginning  with 
the  year  776  B.  C.  the  name  of  Corebus.  who  won  the  prize  of  the  stadium,  was  inscribed 
on  the  public  register  of  the  Elians  and  it  became  customary  to  take  the  date  of  this  vic- 
tory as  the  starting  point  in  marking  events  thereafter.  The  Olympian  games  were  estab- 
lished in  the  Greek  stadium  (recently  rebuilt)  at  Athens  nearly  800  years  before  the  be- 
ginning of  the  Christian  era,  and  the  story  is  told  in  marble  of  the  Greek  who  carried  the 
news  of  the  victory  of  Miltiades  from  Marathon  to  Athens  in  a  25  mile  race  and  died  of 
exhaustion  amid  the  shouts  of  his  countrymen  and  there  is  a  great  ancient  painting  of 
the  Battle  of  Marathon  490  B.  C.  in  Acropolis,  at  Athens,  painted  by  Polygonatus  and 
Micon  40  years  after  battle.  An  attachment  to  the  legends  of  the  past  seems  to  be  an  al- 
most universal  sentiment  among  mankind,  those  ennobling  traditions,  thoroughly  be- 
lieved by  many  of  the  old  writers  in  the  shadowy  periods  of  antiquity,  so  dim  and  vague 
from  their  remote  distance,  are  the  chosen  theater  in  which  fancy  delights  to  present  her 
favorite  characters  of  that  heroic  age  and  to  enact  her  fondest  dreams  of  the  past.  The 
charm  and  the  faith  with  which  these  semi-mythical  creations  of  the  imagination  are 
cherished  is  the  more  powerful  and  grows  stronger  in  proportion  as  they  are  beheld  in 
contrast  to  the  light  of  today,  as  marked  in  the  rise  and  fall  of  nations,  or  the  decline  of 
mankind  and  rise  of  man.  following  the  progress  down  through  the  centuries  in  which 
they  were  staged  and  enacted. 

Guided  by  the  best  writers  of  ancient  history,  Pliny,  Plutarch,  Virgil,  Dionysius, 
Niebuhr  and  Livy,  as  also  by  more  modern  authors,  from  this  wide  field  these  facts  have 
been  gathered  as  presented  of  that  ancient  period  when  Troy,  one  of  the  ancient  citi<s  of 
Asia  Minor  was  taken  by  the  confederated  Greeks  after  a  siege  of  nine  years  and  set  on 
fire  from  every  corner,  a  brave,  good  man  named  Aeneas,  himself  of  the  race,  marrying 
Creusa.  a  sister  of  the  old  Trojan  King  Priam,  fled  from  the  burning  city  bearing  upon  his 
shoulders  the  helpless  burden  of  an  aged  father  and  leading  his  little  son  Elos  or  lulus  by 
the  hand,  his  wife  going  back  to  recover  some  treasure  being  lost  in  the  tumult  and  con- 
fusion A  few  faithful  friends  and  companions  accompanied  him.  among  whom  was 
Achates  and  Antenor,  and  with  them  they  took  the  images  of  their  household  gods 
(Antenor's  house,  distinguished  by  a  panther's  skin  at  the  door,  was  spared  m  the 
sack  of  the  city  by  the  victors  in  reward  for  his  allegiance).  Mount  Ida  became  their 
refuge  There  they  abode  the  winter  and  then  set  forth  to  found  themselves  a  colony 
in  some  other  region.  By  and  by,  after  tarrying  at  several  places,  they  sailed  across  the 
sea  and  finally  landed  upon  the  shores  of  Italy  at  a  point  about  1(!  miles  from  where  Rome 
now  stands  This  region  was  called  Latium  and  at  the  time  when  Aeneas  landed  was 
ruled  by  King  Latimus,  then  a  very  old  man,  and  after  a  while  the  king  was  pleased  with 
these  Trojan  strangers  and  gave  his  daughter  Lavina  to  Aeneas  for  a  wife.     Then  the 

201 


Lake  of  Albano,  and  Ancient  City  of  Italy.  Roman  Marinates.  Legendary  History. 
Founded  by  Ascanius,  Son  of  Annus.  Destruction  of  Alba  Longa  and  Rempval  to  Rome. 
Amulius  and  Nuniitor.  Romulus  and  Remus.  Foundation  of  Rome.  Ancient  Roman 
Ruins.  Relics  Exhibited  at  Pavia.  Sabines.  Rape  of  Sabine  Women.  The  Kings  of 
Rome.     Roman  Emperors.     Marcus  Brutus.     Gaius  Cassius. 

old  King  died  and  four  years  later  Aeneas  died  also.  Thirty  years  after  this,  history  tells 
us  that  Ascanius,  the  son  of  Aeneas  and  Lavinia,  founded  Alba  Longa.  It  was  a  charm- 
ing spot  which  the  grandson  of  the  old  King  Latimus  selected  for  his  new  city.  The  hills 
came  sweeping  down  from  the  Alban  Mountains  to  the  edge  of  a  lovely  lake  set  deep 
down  amid  banks  wreathed  with  vines  and  blossoms  with  the  blue  sky  of  Italy  mirror- 
ing its  clear  surface.  The  lake  of  Albano,  which  is  the  name,  is  more  than  two  miles  in 
length  and  nearly  two  in  breadth.  As  the  hills  were  very  steep  they  built  it  right  along 
the  narrow  strip  or  belt  at  the  edge  of  the  lake  and  as  it  extended  for  more  than  a  mile 
in  one  long  street  they  called  their  new  city  Alba  Longa.  now  one  of  the  most  ancient 
cities  of  Italy,  situated  on  the  rocky  ridge  that  runs  along  the  eastern  shore  of  the  Alban 
Lake,  between  the  lake  and  the  Alban  Mount  with  Albano.  the  town  of  the  villas  of  the 
ancient  Roman  magnates  such  as  Pompeius,  Dometian  and  Clodlus,  since  built,  on  the 
opposite  side  of  the  lake.  According  to  legendary  history  it  was  built  by  Ascanius,  the 
son  of  Aeneas  30  years  after  his  death,  who  founded  it  and  about  360  to  300  years  be- 
fore the  foundation  of  Rome,  which  is  represented  "as  a  colony  of  Aeneas"  in  14  Kings 
whose  names  are  all  preserved  in  the  succession  as  ruling  over  it.  Notwithstanding  all 
this  the  Romans  under  Tullus  Hostilius  (670-638  B.  C.)  destroyed  the  city  and  removed 
the  inhabitants  to  Rome.  It  seems  certain  that  Alba  Longa  was  an  important  city  long 
before  the  existence  of  Rome  and  the  head  of  a  confederation  of  Latin  towns  and  that 
when  it  was  destroyed  many  of  its  inhabitants  settled  at  Rome.  Some  traces  of  its  walls 
are  yet  to  be  seen. 

Well,  years  rolled  on.  The  first  founders  of  Alba  Longa  were  laid  in  their  tombs. 
Generations  passed  away,  until  it  finally  came  to  pass  that  a  crown  rested  upon  the 
head  of  a  wicked  King  Amulius,  but  he  had  no  right  to  wear  it.  It  belonged  to  his  elder 
brother  Numitor,  the  good,  who  had  two  children,  a  son  and  a  dau.  Sylvia,  and  the 
wicked  Amulus  caused  the  son  to  be  put  to  death,  but  the  daughter  Sylvia  escaped  and 
afterward  bore  the  twin  sons  Romulus  and  Remus,  through  whose  miraculous  preserva- 
tion we  have  in  one  of  these  the  foundation  of  Rome,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Tiber,  16 
miles  from  the  sea,  and  whose  name  Romulus,  will  be  as  enduring  as  Rome  itself,  in 
the  formation  of  the  "Pomaerium,"  a  confederacy  of  the  Latin  league,  on  the  Palatine 
Hill,  April  21,  753  B.  C. 

In  and  near  Rome  are  the  ruins  of  many  ancient  palaces  and  recent  excavations  in 
the  Forum  at  Rome  have  brought  to  light  what  are  supposed  to  be  the  tomb  of  Caesar 
and  the  tomb  of  Romulus,  and  in  the  Pantheon  is  the  tomb  of  Raphael.  At  the  funeral 
of  Drusus,  at  Pavia.  Italy,  as  Augustus  goes  out  to  meet  the  procession,  109  B.  C,  the 
images  of  Aeneas,  of  the  Alban  King  Tarquinius  Superbus.  of  Romulus,  of  the  Saline 
Nobles  of  Attus  Clausus  and  of  the  rest  of  the  C'laudians  were  exhibited.  (Tacitus  An- 
nates IV.  9). 

The  Sabines  were  a  Latin  people  or  community  of  which  the  Sabine  Pranks  and  the 
Saxons  were  a  tribe,  probably  of  Teutonic  stock.  The  rape  of  the  Sabine  women  and 
battle  with  Titus  Taitus  in  which  they  were  invited  to  a  great  feast  and  festival  to  en- 
trance them  and  then  forcibly  carried  off  as  wives  for  the  Romans,  whom  they  soon 
learned  to  love  and  became  united  in  the  amalgamation  of  the  races,  took  place  751  B.  C. 
And  then  we  have  seven  Kings  sitting  upon  the  throne  of  Rome  in  245  years.  Romulus, 
the  founder,  reigned  39  years  to  714  B.  C.  Numa  Pompilius  (714-672),  the  law  giver, 
succeeded  in  founding  anew  on  principles  of  justice,  law  and  morality  40  years  to  674. 
Tullus  Hostilius  (670-G3S),  conqueror  who  destroyed  Alba  Longa.  His  successful  wars 
with  Alba,  Pidenac  and  Veil  shadow  forth  the  early  conquests  of  Latin  territory  and  the 
first  extension  of  the  Roman  dominion  beyond  the  walls  of  Rome,  32  years  to  642.  An- 
chus  Martius  (638-614),  conqueror,  24  years.  Tarquinius  Priscus  (614-576),  the  great 
builder,  38  years  to  580.  Servius  Tullus  (576-532),  reorganizing,  instituted  Agrarian  law. 
final  revolt  494  B.  C,  destruction  by  Gauls  390  B.  C,  and  records  destroyed,  45  years  to 
536.  Tarquinius  Superbus  (532-507),  haughty  tyrant,  wars  were  waged  with  the  Latins 
and  Etruscans  which  led  to  "Supremacy  of  Rome  over  Latimus,"  335  B.  C,  and  he  erected 
monuments  of  regal  magnificence,  25  years  the  7th  and  last  King  of  Rome,  after  which 
we  have  the  Republic. 

Marcus  Brutus  swore  no  other  king  should  again  rule  in  Rome  and  no  other  king 
ever  did,  and  so  conspiring  together  with  Caius  Cassius  were  foremost  in  the  murder  of 
Julius  Caesar,  imperator,  fearing  his  accession  to  the  throne.     Marcus  Varro  Cato,  censor 

202 


Destruction  of  Carthage.  Tullus  Hostilius.  Removal  to  Home.  The  Greek  and  Cyelic 
Poems.  Italian  Colonies.  Settlements  of  Diomede.  Philoctetes  and  Idomeneus.  Aeneas 
Settlement  Established.  The  Creek  and  Hellenic  Race.  Voyage  of  the  Argonauts.  Greeh 
Colonization.  Aeolian  Colonies.  Sicily.  lona  and  Black  Sea  Coast.  Dorian  Colonies. 
Sestos  and  Abyclo.s.     Theodosia  and  Gallipoli.     Pergamus  and  Cyzicus.     Pontus.     Amasia. 

Eirtch. 

149  B.  0.,  was  the  most  learned  and  jealous,  fearing  Carthage  as  a  rival,  he  intrigued 
in  a  war  to  destroy  it  "Delenda  est  Carthage"  (Carthage  must  he  blotted  oul  or  destroyed  I 
and  finally  through  Scipio  Atricano,  consul,  it  was  destroyed,  146  B.  C.  Cains  Marios, 
consul,  third  founder  of  Rome,  106  B.  C,  followed  by  Sulla,  dictator,  82  B.  C,  after  the 
Pontus  wars  of  120  B.  C,  to  Augustus  and  Julius  Caesar  first  tribune  and  triumvirate. 
Tullus  Hostilius,  grandson  of  Hostus  Hostilius,  the  champion  of  Rome  in  the  first  war 
with  the  Sabines,  succeeded  Numa  Pompilius  on  the  throne  of  Rome  670  B.  C.  and  ac- 
cording to  Livy  and  other  writers  he  conquered  those  former  cities,  destroyed  Alba  and 
removed  the  inhabitants  to  Rome,  640-642  B.  C. 

The  Greek  or  Cyclic  poems,  besides  the  events  of  the  Trojan  war  after  the  death  of 
Achilles  and  the  Lydian  Kings,  also  contained  an  account  of  the  various  colonies  in  Italy 
and  elsewhere  believed  to  have  been  founded  by  the  scattered  chiefs  and  captives  of,  the 
three  great  expeditions  of  Achilles,  under  Agamemnon,  after  their  return  home.  Of 
these,  the  settlements  of  Diomede,  Philoctetes  and  Idomeneus  on  the  southeast  coast  of 
Italy  and  that  of  Aeneas  on  the  banks  of  the  Tiber,  are  the  most  famous  and  from  in- 
herited glory  and  renown  that  have  followed  down  through  the  successive  generations 
marked  by  the  similitude  of  character,  circumstances  and  events,  so  common  throughout 
the  whole,  we  cannot  but  be  led  to  believe  that  the  chain  of  evidence  is  unbroken  and 
complete. 

The  old  Greeks,  as  they  were  called  by  the  Romans,  were  made  up  of  different  tribes 
and  people  of  the  once  great  Hellenic  race  who  lived  in  what  is  now  called  Greece,  in 
the  islands  of  the  Archipelago  and  along  the  coast  of  Asia  Minor.  In  the  voyage  of  the 
Argonauts  in  the  Argos,  1300  B.  C,  from  Aphetae  in  Thessaly  to  Colchis  under  command 
of  Jason  and  his  followers,  Aeolian  colonies  were  established  in  Asia  Minor  in  1124  B.  C. 
as  related.  Ionia,  as  they  called  it  from  the  Hellespont  to  Rhodes,  and  had  afterwards 
established  colonies  and  cities  in  Sicily,  South  Italy,  which  was  called  "Great  Greece," 
and  along  the  shores  of  the  Black  Sea  at  Sinope,  Kirtch  and  Heracleotic  Chersonese,  now 
Sevastopol  in  the  Crimea.  This  country  was  anciently  associated  with  the  Cimmerians 
and  in  later  times  with  various  Greek  settlements  and  minor  kingdoms  and  after  being 
for  some  time  a  Roman  dependency.  The  Dorians  established  colonies  in  Asia  Minor  in 
994  B.  C.  the  ancient  Euxine  or  Byzantum  on  the  Propontus.  or  Sea  of  Marmora,  and  the 
Aegean,  or  sea  of  Azof,  at  Sestus  and  Abydos,  famous  for  the  bridge  of  boats  built  by 
Xerxes  across  the  Hellespont  and  residence  of  Leander,  the  lover  of  Hero,  dau.  of 
Leonidas  (a  priestess  of  Venus)  who  lived  at  Sestus  and  often  swam  the  Hellespont  to 
visit  his  mistress  and  returned  same  night. 

At  Theodosia  and  Gallipoli.  the  ancient  Gallipolis.  "the  Beautiful  City"  founded  by  the 
Spartan  Leucippus  of  Tarentum  according  to  Dionysius,  a  seaport  town  in  Italy,  is  well 
built  and  fortified  and  has  a  castle  erected  by  Charles  1st  of  Anjou.  In  the  5th  century 
B  C  ,  Pergamum,  in  the  valley  of  the  Calcus  about  20  miles  from  the  sea,  which  under 
Alexander  and  patronage  of  the  Romans  became  the  seat  of  a  flourishing  Greek  monarchy 
celebrated  for  its  great  Library  and  as  the  birthplace  of  Galen,  the  noted  physician. 

Cyzicus  (named  after  Cazicus,  son  of  Aeneas,  ruler  of  the  Dorians)  on  the  shores 
of  the  Propontis,  a  Milesian  colony  which  attained  to  a  high  degree  of  wealth  and  pros 
perity,  and  Pylarmenes,  or  Pontus,  on  the  Euxine  Sea,  were  all  the  allies  of  Priam  during 
the  Trojan  War.  from  catalogue  of  Homer's  list.      (111.  ii-851). 

Pontus  in  the  northeast  of  Asia  Minor,  bordering  on  Colchis  in  close  proximity  to 
the  Euxine.  The  sea  coast  of  Pontus  like  the  most  of  the  south  shore  of  the  Euxine  was 
ancientlv  studded  with  Greek  colonies  of  Milesian  origin. 

Amasia  in  Pontus.  the  birthplace  of  Strabo,  Greek  geographer,  on  the  river  Isis,  (6b 
B  C  )  (from  Amisus)  and  Sinope.  a  colony  of  Militus.  on  the  coast  of  the  Euxine,  famous 
as  the  birthplace  (64  B.  C.)  of  Mithridates  the  Great,  King  of  Pontus,  and  after  his  death 
passed  into  Roman  power  and  became  a  Roman  colony. 

Kirtch  near  Odessa,  the  ancient  Panticapaeon,  noted  for  its  unique  and  valuable 
"Antiquities  of  the  Kerrgan  Dynasty"  of  the  Bosphorus.  a  monarchy  of  the  5th  and  6th 
centuries  B.  C,  founded  by  the  Milesians,  who  also  settled  at  Caffa,  now  Theodosia,  the 
ancient  granary  of  Athens,  in  time  of  Leucon,  King  of  the  Bosphorus  393-353  B.  (  and 
Cerasus,  afterward  named  Pharnacia.  with  the  later  settlements  on  the  Danube  and  the 

Rhone  and  the  Rhine. 

203 


Description  of  Athens,  Ancient  Greek's  Country.     Surroundings.     Learning  and  Works 
of  Art.     Acropolis.  Mountains  and  Valleys.     Agriculture  and  Productions.     Thessaly,  Ar- 
cadia and  Morea.     Sparta.   Rival   of  Athens.     Lead   and  Silver  Mines.     Marbles  for  the 
Parthenon.     Mycenae  and  Tiryns.     The  Glory  That  teas  Athens. 

Athens,  anciently  the  capital  of  Attica  and  center  of  Greek  culture,  now  the  capital 
of  Greece,  founded  about  1550  B.  C.  by  Cecrops.  the  Pelasgian  hero  from  Phryaia.  in 
northwest  Asia  Minor.  Some  later  Greek  writers  hold  that  he  came  from  Egypt.  But  it 
was  the  capital  of  Attica  which  invested  the  name  of  Athens  with  an  undying  charm  for 
the  poet,  the  artist,  the  philosopher  and  the  historian  for  all  time.  Greece  is  a  mari- 
time kingdom  in  the  southeast  of  Europe.  Athens,  the  capital,  is  famous  for  its  history 
and  for  its  ancient  temples  with  their  many  beautiful  statues.  "Athens,  the  city  of 
Phidias,  Greek  sculptor  and  architect  500  B.  G,  and  of  Pericles,  Athenian  statesman,  480- 
460  B.  C."  The  main  part  of  Greece  consists  of  a  considerable  irregular,  broken  peninsula 
indented  with  a  succession  of  gulfs,  bays  and  harbors,  whose  interior  surface  is  largely 
hilly  or  mountainous  with  intervening  valleys,  and  coast  and  plains  surrounded  by  an 
archipelago  of  Islands,  scattered  throughout  the  south  Aegean  Sea,  the  Cyclades  and  the 
Mediterranean  to  the  adjoining  Asiatic  coast,  the  largest  of  which  is  Crete.  No  place  is 
more  than  40  miles  from  the  sea  or  12  miles  from  the  mountains,  hence  their  early  ship 
building  facilities  and  maritime  relations.  There  are  extensive  fisheries  on  some  parts 
of  the  coasts  and  islands  and  the  inhabitants  resort  to  the  sea  for  a  living.  Thousands 
of  years  ago  the  Greeks  were  famous  for  their  learning  and  for  their  works  of  art.  They 
built  grand  temples  in  which  they  placed  beautiful  statues  of  Parian  marble,  of  ivory  and 
of  gold.  Many  of  the  statues  and  the  ruins  of  some  of  their  largest  temples  still  exist. 
The  most  famous  temples  were  built  on  a  hill  known  as  the  Acropolis  of  Athene.  Beauti- 
ful mountains  are  high  Pelion  and  Ossia  and  lofty  "Olympus,  fabled  of  the  Gods"  on  the 
coast,  and  famous  Parnassus  and  Helicon  in  central  Greece,  covered  with  forests  of  beech, 
chestnut,  oak  and  pine,  from  which  they  constructed  their  ships  and  craft,  and  hills  and 
valleys  clad  with  trees  and  vines,  bright  with  fruit  and  (lowers  and  filled  with  fountains 
and  works  of  art.  In  the  vale  of  Tempe.  extending  to  the  vallev  of  Thessaly  and 
Olympia.  and  in  Epirus,  was  Dodona.  in  whose  interior  recesses  of  its  dense  forests  of 
oak  was  the  "renowned  oracle  of  Zeus." 

Agriculture  now,  as  of  yore,  in  a  primitive  state  forms  the  chief  occupation  of  the 
people.  Near  Athens  are  Mount  Hymettus,  praised  for  its  honey,  and  I'entilicus.  re- 
nowned for  its  marbles.  With  a  wide  range  of  temperature  and  semi-tropical  climate, 
vegetation  and  scenery  Greece  is  rich  in  fruits.  Attica  midway  between  the  north  and 
the  south,  is  the  home  of  the  olive,  the  fig  and  the  almond,  while  Morea  and  the  southern 
Peloponnesus  nourish  the  date  palm,  the  citron,  the  orange  and  pomegranate  of  Messenia. 
The  vine  grows  luxuriantly  in  almost  every  part  of  the  land.  Wheat,  barley  and  rice  and 
seedless  grapes,  the  currants  of  commerce.  Olives  and  olive  oil  are  today,  as  they  were 
in  ancient  times,  the  chief  products  of  the  country,  but  flax,  honey  and  the  products  of 
herds  of  cattle,  sheep  and  goats  on  the  plains  of  Thessaly.  Arcadia  and  the  Morea  have 
always  formed  a  considerable  part  of  the  economic  wealth  of  the  land.  The  hills  of 
Greece  supplied  many  of  the  useful  metals  The  mountain  ranges  of  Laconia  yielded  iron 
in  which  the  Lacedaemonians  became  skillful  workers  and  in  the  valley  below  lay  Sparta 
which  under  Lycurgus,  who  was  born  there,  became  the  rival  of  Athens.  Valuable  lead 
mines  were  worked  at  Laurium.  Euboea  furnished  copper,  which  created  a  great  in- 
dustry. The  hills  of  southern  Attica  contained  silver  mines  which  helped  the  Athenians 
to  build  their  earliest  war  ships  and  sailing  craft,  and  the  mountains  near  Athens,  and  the 
hills  of  the  island  of  Paros,  afforded  beautiful  marbles  which  made  possible  the  creation 
of  such  splendid  temples  as  the  Parthenon.  With  all  those  early  advantages  of  nature, 
in  a  favoring  position,  genial  climate  and  sunny  skies,  with  rugged,  uplifting,  inspiring 
scenery  and  intercourse  with  other  lands  that  led  to  a  wonderful  proficiency  in  the  arts 
and  sciences. 

Prom  the  ancient  cities  Mycenae  and  Tiryns  they  attained  to  the  utmost  advancement 
in  the  civilization  and  enlightenment  of  that  age  and  time  of  all  other  nations  and  on  to 
the  most  brilliant  period  of  "the  Glory  that  was  Athens"  and  the  "after  greatness  that 
was  Rome."  Physically  as  well  as  mentally  the  ancient  Greeks  were  among  the  best 
types  of  manhood  in  which  they  prided  themselves  and  took  every  means  to  develop. 
The  people  of  Greece  achieved  a  high  degree  of  culture,  in  some  respects  not  surpassed 
to  this  day,  in  ethics  and  philology,  their  ljrics  and  epics  being  of  intrinsic  value  as 
the  best  productions  of  the  original  Greek  language  and  as  specimens  throwing  light  on 
the  manners,  customs  and  thoughts  of  the  Greeks  of  those  days.  But  the  most  notable 
and  conspicuous  success  has  been  of  Greek  colonization  and  her  maritime  commerce  for 
which  the  situation  and  configuration  of  the  country  afforded  unusual  facilities 

204 


Religion.  Ancient  Oracles  and  Goddesses.  Gifts  of  Greece.  Democratic  Rule.  Internal 
Dissentions.  Roman  Conquest.  Later  History.  Romanic  Language.  What  We  Owe  to 
Them  and  What  'Then  Have  Done  for  Us.  (Chas.  Kingsley).  Under  Conquests  o)  Uex 
(inilcr  the  Great.     What  Then  Learned  from  the  Phoenicians,    Assyrians  and   Egyptians 

Perfected  and   Transmitted   to  Mankind. 

The  religion  of  the  people  and  of  the  states  is  that  of  the  Orthodox  Greek  Church 
since  its  foundation  in  1054  to  which  they  firmly  hold  and  have  implanted  in  all  their 
colonizations  and  settlements.  Early  commerce  and  religion:  the  oracle  of  Delphi,  Apollo, 
was  the  ancient  Sun-God  of  the  Greeks,  and  Minerva  or  Pallas,  goddess  of  wisdom,  t  In- 
tutelary  goddess  of  Athens,  were  chiefly  instrumental  in  bringing  together  the  different 
petty  states  into  a  kind  of  confederation.  In  Epirus,  situated  in  the  heart  of  a  forest, 
was  the  ancient  Oracle  of  Dodona.  In  the  gifts  of  Greece  to  world  progress,  490-356  B. 
G,  was  the  democratic  rule  and  culture  which  she  enjoyed.  But  internal  dissentions. 
mostly  with  Sparta,  and  outside  wars  sprang  up  with  the  Persians  and  Venetians  anil  in 
the  3d  century  B.  C.  Alexander  of  Macedon  swept  down  upon  Greece  and  conquered  it. 
He  was  himself  of  Grecian  descent.  Since  then  the  Roman  conquest  of  146  B.  ('.,  to  a 
submitted  Turkish  province  in  1718  A.  D.  under  Ottoman  misrule  and  degradation,  to  the 
spirit  of  regeneration  and  the  formation  through  the  European  powers  of  I  he  present  in- 
dependent kingdom  in  1821,  with  further  accessions  in  1913.  Sparta  remaining  still  under 
Turkish  rule. 

The  population  of  Greece  remains  largely  Hellenic  and  the  comman  language,  Ro- 
manic, resembles  the  ancient  tongue.  In  a  sense,  indeed,  it  may  be  asserted  that  mod- 
ern Greece  lives  in  the  grandeur  and  supremacy  of  the  past.  Charles  Kingsley,  English 
author,  1819-1875,  in  his  preface  to  "The  Greek  Heroes,"  Cambridge.  185G,  says  nearly  as 
follows:  "We  owe  to  these  old  Greeks  the  beginnings  of  all  our  mathematics  and 
geometry,  that  is  the  science  and  knowledge  of  numbers,  and  of  the  shape  of  things  and 
the  forces  which  make  things  move  and  stand  at  rest,  and  the  beginning  of  our  geography 
and  astronomy  and  of  our  laws  and  politics  and  in  the  problem  of  freedom,  that  is  the 
science  of  how  to  rule  a  country  and  make  it  peaceful  and  strong,  and  we  owe  to  them  the 
beginnings  of  our  logic,  that  is  the  study  of  words  and  of  reasoning,  and  of  our  ethics  and 
metaphysics,  that  is  the  study  of  our  own  actions,  thoughts  and  souls.  Last  of  all  they 
made  their  language  so  beautiful  that  foreigners  used  to  take  it  instead  of  their  own  and 
at  last  Greek  became  the  common  language  of  educated  people  all  over  the  old  world, 
from  Persia  and  Egypt  even  to  Spain  and  Britain,  and  therefore  it  was  that  the  New 
Testament  was  written  in  Greek,  that  it  might  be  read  and  understood  by  all  nations  of 
the  Roman  empire,  so  that  next  to  the  Jews  and  the  Hebrew  Bible,  which  they  handed 
down  to  us,  we  owe  more  to  these  old  Greeks  than  any  people  upon  earth." 

As  a  class  they  spread  under  the  conquests  of  Alexander  the  Great  and  conquered 
Egypt,  Syria,  Persia  and  the  whole  East  and  formed  a  large  and  important  element  in 
almost  every  community  throughout  the  civilized  world.  "Now  with  all  the  wonders 
they  have  brought  out  of  their  dark  land  and  bequeathed  to  us  we  have  learned  to  love 
these  old  Greeks  heartily  and  they  seem  like  friends  and  brothers  to  us  and  although 
they  have  been  dead  and  gone  many  a  hundred  years  we  should  be  very  ungrateful  to 
them  if  we  did  not  mention  it,  considering  all  they  have  done  for  us." 

Intermediate  between  Egypt  and  Rome,  from  the  Phoenicians  they  learned  the  prin- 
ciples of  ship  building  by  which  they  extended  their  travels  and  conquests,  and  some  say 
letters  besides,  and  from  the  Assyrians  they  learned  the  art  of  printing  and  carving  and 
building  of  wood  and  stone  which  they  carried  to  such  perfection  that  their  skill  in 
carving  statues  and  building  temples  is  still  among  the  wonders  of  the  world,  and  from 
the  Egyptians  they  learned  the  rudiments  of  astronomy  and  mathematics  which  they  aft- 
erward carried  to  greater  perfection,  and  so  these  Greeks  grew  wise  and  powerful  and 
wrote  poems  which  will  live  to  the  world's  end. 

The  later  Greeks  were  the  most  distinguished  of  all  the  European  nations.  One  of 
the  most  wonderful  things  the  Greeks  brought  out  of  their  dim  Aegian  foretime  was  their 
language.  At  the  beginning  of  the  historic  Hellenic  period  their  language  was  already 
one  of  the  richest  and  most  perfectly  elaborated  languages  ever  spoken  by  human  lips. 
It  comprehends  the  finest  productions  of  the  human  mind  and  is  the  most  copious,  Ilex 
ible  and  harmonious  in  existence.  Whatever  we  may  think  concerning  the  primitive 
people  of  Greece,  we  may  be  confident  that  the  Hellenes,  the  Greeks  in  whom  we  are  es- 
pecially interested  and  who  created  the  civilization  which  we  have  inherited,  spoke  a 
language  which  belonged  to  the  same  family  (Aryan)  as  that  to  which  our  own  language 
belongs.     Now  you  can  hardly  find  a  well  written  book  which  has  not  in  il   Greek  names 

205 


Athens  and  Sparta.  Athens  the  Seat  of  Learning  and  the  Light  of  the  World.  Sparta 
the  Powerful.  The  Seven  Sages  or  Wise  Men  of  Greece.  The  Gnostics  and  Pythagorus. 
the  father  of  Mathematics  and  Astronomy.  Mental  Supremacy.  Greek  Culture.  Phil- 
osophy. Science  and  Art.  in  the  ddden  Age  of  (Greece.  Oratory.  Art  and  Sculpture. 
Athens  the  Seat  of  Learning.     Rome  the  Seat  of  Power. 

and  words  and  proverbs;  you  cannot  walk  through  a  great  town  without  passing  build- 
ings of  Greek  architecture;  you  cannot  go  into  a  well  furnished  house  without  seeing 
Greek  statues,  vases  or  ornaments,  even  Greek  patterns  of  furniture  and  fresco  or  wall 
paper,  so  strongly  have  these  old  Greeks  left  their  mark  behind  them  in  this  modern 
world  in  which  we  now  live. 

Athens  became  the  seat  of  learning  and  the  light  of  the  then  known  world.  After 
Athens,  Sparta  became  the  most  powerful  and  important  of  the  Greek  states.  The  seven 
Sages  or  Wise  men  of  Greece,  were  reckoned  as  Thales,  Solon,  Periander  or  Socrates, 
Pythagorus,  Pericles,  Plato  and  Aristotle.  The  Gnostics  believed  in  the  Platonic  philos 
and  epo  of  the  aeons  of  time  and  eternity,  but  Pythagoras,  a  native  of  Samos,  further  be- 
lieved in  one  universal  soul  diffused  throughout  all  things  emanating  from  some  great- 
overruling  source  or  power,  which  he  called,  "the  transmigration  of  souls,"  "believed  the 
earth  to  be  round  and  set  in  a  solar  system."  He  was  a  Greek  philosopher  of  the  Dorian 
age,  5S0-5O0  B.  C.  He  travelled  extensively  throughout  Egypt  to  gain  knowledge.  He  taught 
large  bodies  of  students  at  Crotona,  Magna  Graecia,  where  he  lived  and  died,  and  was  a 
man  with  a  mind  far  above  his  time  and  called  the  father  of  mathematics  and  astronomy. 
And  so  the  Greeks  have  left  us  such  examples  of  mental  supremacy  and  broad  humanity 
and  exact  justice,  such  poets,  sculptors,  and  painters,  such  types  of  beautiful  and  courage- 
ous men  and  women  as  the  world  has  never  paralleled. 

Let  us  see  how  great  a  record  this  is,  "the  golden  age  of  Greece."  So  now,  says  W. 
I).  P.  Bliss,  in  an  article  quoted  from  Eli  Giddings,  the  historian,  of  Athens,  Pa.  (not 
Greece)  (1799-1878)  commencing  with  Pythagorus  (circa  530  B.  C.)  who  believed  the  soul 
extended  from  a  God  and  was  immortal  and  that  the  basis  of  life  was  heat.  Socrates  469- 
399).  Plato  (428-347).  Aristotle  (384-322).  Surely  in  the  history  of  thought,  there  are 
no  greater  names  than  these.  In  the  drama,  Aeschylus  (525-451,),  Sophocles  (495-406). 
Euripides  (480-406),  here  are  masters  of  classic  tragedy,  while  Aristophanes  (440-380)  is 
the  unique  founder  of  the  world's  comedy.  In  history  Thucydides  (47(1-404)  has  perhaps 
no  rival,  while  Xenophon  (430-355)  lias  but  few.  In  sculpture  Phidias  (490-432)  and 
Praxiteles  (c.  390)  stand  supreme,  while  Myron  (c.  480)  and  Scopas  (c.  370)  occupy  high 
place.  In  architecture  Ictinius  and  Callicrates,  the  architects  of  the  Pantheon  (c.  473) 
produced  works  of  their  period  certainly  the  most  beautiful  of  all  periods,  the  most  per- 
fect buildings  in  the  world.  In  painting  Polygonatus  (c.  460)  did  work  which  cultured 
Athens  placed  on  a  par  with  her  sculpture.  In  oratory  every  schoolboy  knows  Demos- 
thenes (385-322)  every  college  boy  also  of  Aeschnes  (389-314)  while  their  contemporaries 
compared  Lysias  (445-378)  and  Isocrates  (436-338)  with  these.  In  statesmanship  Pericles 
(495-429),  Simon  (504-449)  and  Themistocles  (514-449)  are  names  that  would  stand  out 
in  any  history,  while  in  generalship  Miltiades  (c.  49it)  the  hero  of  Marathon  and  Nicias, 
the  leader  in  the  Spartan  wars,  and  Alexander  the  Great  of  Macedon,  a  Greek  by  birth 
(385-315)  born  at  Cella,  356  B.  C.  can  never  be  forgotten.  Other  names,  among  them 
Alcibiades  (450-404),  Cleon  (c.  422),  Thrasyhulus  (c.  390),  Lycurgus,  the  orator  (395- 
323)  and  Myronides  (c.  457)  belong  to  this  period.  Thirty-two  names.  Where  in  his- 
tory is  there  another  city  or  land  that  can  produce  even  an  approximation  of  such  a 
record?  Oratory,  art  and  sculpture  attained  its  perfection,  "the  glory  that  was  Greece 
and  the  after  grandeur  that  was  Rome."  and  it  was  said  all  roads  lead  to  Rome.  Subse- 
quently the  Romans  rose  to  power  and  distinction,  they  subdued  the  divided  Greeks  and 
transplanted  their  learning  and  refinement  to  the  Italian  soil.  Rome  was  founded  753 
B.  C.  and  everything  was  centered  there.  "Yield  Roman  poets,  lords  of  Greece  give  way, 
The  Iliad  soon  shall  own  a  greater  lay." 

The  vast  jurisdiction  of  the  Roman  Empire,  established  31  B.  C.  was  greatest  about 
the  year  107  A.  D.  under  the  Caesars.  In  process  of  time  the  whole  of  central  and'south- 
ern  Europe  from  the  Atlantic  Ocean  to  the  Euxine  Sea  was  annexed  to  the  dominions 
of  Imperial  Rome,  and  so  she  became  the  "Queen  of  the  World  and  the  Mother  of  Na- 
tions" when  to  be  a  Roman,  was  greater  than  to  be  a  King.  Eternal  Rome.  A  reverence 
and  affection  inspired  by  no  other  city  upon  earth  and  an  attachment  that  has  left  no 
room  for  rivalry.  Whence  comes  this  universal  interest?  Why  should  this  ruined  city 
of  the  past  prove  more  attractive  than  any  other  capital?  The  secret  is  not  merely  its 
antiquity.     Athens  is  still  more  ancient,  yet  it  possesses  no  such  charm.     It  is  not  solely 

206 


,f,rJ 


Empire   of   Rome. 


:V^- 


i  v«  a 


I'j  V  j  •" ^;>575^       It    is    indeed    a    desirable    thing    to';;-fev^  ^S3T?fc 
^f^^  rwT i     l,e  we"  deseended,   hut   the  glory  be-  j^g? 


•W-    v   ,aSnm      lungs   to   our  ancestors. 


-Plutarch. 


Rome  in  the  History  of  the  Hmr.  Roman  Influence  ami  Offspring.  The  Governing 
Center  of  the  World.  The  Early  Lays  and  Legends  of  Greece  and  Rome.  Only  Founda 
tion  for  a  History  of  the  Ancient  Kalians  of  the  Earth.  The  Study  of  Greelt  Classics 
Sadly  Neglected.     "Learning  by  Study  Musi  be  Won,  'Twos  Ne'ei   Entailed  from  Sire  to 

San."     (Grey). 

its  relation  to  Christianity,  Constantinople  was  for  centuries  the  Eastern  capital  of  the 
Christian  church  in  some  respects  more  striking  and  magnificent  than  Rome,  and  yet 
how  small  is  the  attraction  of  the  Bosphorus  compared  to  that  which  lures  us  to  the 
Tiber!  The  cause  is  simply  and  doubtless  this,  that  more  than  any  spot  on  earth  I  tonic 
centers  in  itself  the  history  of  the  race  for  twenty  centuries.  Absorbing  by  its  universal 
conquests  the  fruits  of  all  preceding  civilizations  and  the  treasures  of  all  lands  it  is 
historically  the  intellectual  capital  of  the  world.  The  current  of  continuous  historic  life 
flows  through  it  now  as  surely  and  inevitably  as  the  Tiber  itself.  Its  modes  of  government, 
politics,  art,  jurisprudence,  military  science  and  church  history  have  travelled  further  and 
affected  more  even  than  the  Roman  legions,  till  they  have  reached  the  confines  of  the 
entire  globe.  We  are  in  many  ways  Rome's  offspring.  In  every  sentence  that  we  speak 
we  use,  perhaps  unconsciously,  some  relics  of  her  glorious  language.  Much  of  our 
varied  culture  has  come  directly  from  her  literature  and  many  of  the  laws  which  keep 
our  social  framework  from  disintegration  were  first  promulgated  beneath  the  arches  of 
the  Forum.  Nor  is  this  strange,  for  Rome  was,  what  no  other  place  has  been,  the  one 
administrative  center  of  the  world.  All  other  capitals  however  great,  were  in  compari- 
son, petty  and  provincial.  Rome  only  could  be  called  in  grand  simplicity,  Urbs,  the  City 
of  the  Tiber.  (J.  H.  Stoddard  lectures  3  858.  Extract).  There  is  such  an  air  of  truth- 
fulness about  the  early  legends  or  lays  of  Greece  and  Rome,  that  notwithstanding  tin- 
amount  of  learning  brought  into  requisition  to  extinguish  them,  they  will  ever  hold  a 
place  in  the  history  of  these  remarkable  nations,  and  although  very  properly  regarded  as 
semi-fabulous,  is  the  only  foundation  that  can  be  obtained  for  a  history,  upon  whose  pages 
almost  all  the  nations  of  the  earth  appear.  Besides  though  they  were  utterly  unworthy 
of  credibility,  they  are  so  interwoven  with  the  literature  of  all  ages  that  an  acquaintance 
with  them  is  deemed  indispensable  both  to  the  reader  and  the  student.  (F.  W.  Ricord, 
preface  to  Hist.)  It  is  to  be  regretted  that  the  classics  are  sadly  neglected  at  the  present 
time  in  our  schools  and  colleges  throughout  all  this  land  for  speedy  and  superficial  ad- 
vancement. In  the  old  college  curriculum,  the  classical  course  in  Greek  was  obligatory. 
This  still  seems  the  soundest  preparation  a  person  can  have.  During  the  years  that 
one  reads  and  studies  Greek  he  gets  certain  standards  that  he  uses  all  the  rest  of  his 
life.  It  is  then  Homer  becomes  a  most  interesting  and  instructive  "Book  of  Language" 
and  with  a  Latin  vocabulary,  the  basis  of  all  languages.  (H.  G.  Liddell,  Greek  Lex. 
1843). 

We  all  know  how  much  regret  has  been  felt  and  expressed  at  the  gradual  neglect  of 
the  study  of  Greek  in  our  institutions  of  learning  it  being  optional  or  considered  "as  a 
dead  language."  The  tendency  to  do  away  with  the  study  of  Greek  is  a  mistake  la- 
mented by  scholars  because  the  Greek  spirit  brightens  in  enlarging  our  vision  and 
broadening  our  understanding,  that  the  boundaries  of  knowledge  should  be  enlarged,  that 
every  source  of  the  human  mind  might  be  at  once  and  quickly  brought  into  play.  Those 
who  read  its  language  can  interpret  and  express  its  thought  and  become  conversant  with 
the  manners  and  customs  of  the  past  and  it  is  of  the  utmost  importance  to  our  general 
culture  and  to  our  finer  and  higher  education  and  accomplishments.  ( W.  I)  Whitney, 
philologist  and  author  of  "Language  and  the  Study  of  Language,"  1867).  "Learning  by 
study  must  be  won.     'Twas  ne'er  entailed  from  sire  to  son."     (Grey). 

Italy,  the  country  of  which  Rome  is  regarded  as  the  center  has  always  been  cele- 
brated as  the  most  fertile  and  desirable  land  of  the  world.  Its  delicious  fruits,  its  corn, 
wine,  soil,  climate  and  cattle  form  not  its  only  wealth,  metals  of  every  kind,  valuable 
stone  and  timber  here  too  abound.  In  short  it  is  a  land  affording  everything  than  can  ad- 
minister comfort  or  pleasure,  possessing  a  climate  that  has  ever  been  unrivalled  and  pre- 
senting a  surface  unsurpassed  for  its  beautiful  diversity  of  bays,  promontories,  rivers. 
mountains,  hills  and  plains.  This  country  was  originally  occupied  by  numerous  ami  itnle 
pendent  nations  among  whom  the  most  considerable  were  the  Aborigines,  so  called,  of 
which  there  were  various  tribes  as  the  Latins,  the  Umbrians  and  the  Rutuli,  who  enjoyed 
in  their  separate  cities  the  blessings  of  liberty  and  equality.  Besides  these  there  were  also 
the  Etrurians  who  had  sprung  from  colonies  sent  out  of  Lydia  and  Thessaly.  The  Sabines 
who  finally  became  blended  with  the  Romans  were  a  tribe  of  the  Umbrians  which  had 
been  separated  from  their  fellows  by  the  Etrurians,  before  whose  victorious  arms  they 
were  obliged  to  fly.     Long  before  Rome  was  built  the  Latins  had  founded  near  its  site 

207 


Italy.     Aboriginal   Tribes.     Latins.     Umbrians.     Rutuli.     Etrurians.     The    Sabines.     The 

Latins.     Atbtin    Kings.     Lavinium    Built    by    Aeneas.     Rome    in    Augustus'    Reign.     The 

End  of  the  Empire.     Causes  of  its  Decadence.     Caesar's  Crossing  the  Rubicon.     Fall  of 

the  Western  Empire.     Beginning  of  Middle  Ages. 

a  large  and  flourishing  city  to  which  they  gave  the  name  of  Alba  and  which  for  a  period 
of  four  hundred  years  continued  to  be  ruled  by  a  race  of  kings  famous  for  their  war- 
like exploits  and  their  love  of  power.  This  city  and  Lavinium  which  was  built  by 
Aeneas,  soon  after  the  destruction  of  Troy,  are  called  the  cities  of  the  ancient  Latins  of 
which  Rome  is  the  offspring. 

It  was  at  the  beginning  of  the  first  Empire  in  the  752d  year  of  this  remarkable  city, 
in  time  of  Augustus,  Imperator's  reign,  that  Rome,  "the  empress  of  the  world,"  was  at 
its  greatest  height  of  wealth  and  splendor.  Its  dominions  had  been  extended  over  all  the 
nations  of  Europe,  except  some  powerful  northern  tribes  that  still  maintained  their  in- 
dependence. Within  the  limits  of  its  empire  were  England.  Prance,  Spain,  Germany,  all 
the  states  of  Italy,  Greece,  the  country  now  occupied  by  Constantinople  and  Turkey  in 
Europe  and  many  other  nations.  Its  sway  extended  over  Asia  Minor,  Syria.  Palestine. 
Arabia,  Persia,  Parthia  and  all  the  northern  part  of  Africa  from  Mauritania,  now  Morocco, 
on  the  west,  to  Ethiopia  on  the  east.  Throughout  all  the  countries  the  people  of  Rome 
had  extended  the  arts  of  painting,  sculpture  and  architecture,  so  that  a  multitude  of  cities 
in  various  parts  of  Europe.  Africa  and  Asia  were  filled  with  costly  temples  and  palaces 
of  marble  with  beautiful  statues  and  valuable  paintings.  But  Rome  itself  was,  of  all  the 
cities  in  the  world,  the  most  wonderful.  At  this  period  it  was  fifty  miles  in  circumfer- 
ence and  contained  four  millions  of  inhabitants.  Within  it  were  the  choicest  treasures 
of  the  countries  which  it  had  conquered,  the  most  beautiful  statues  from  Greece,  columns 
and  obelisks  from  Egypt,  gold  and  silver  and  precious  stones  from  every  quarter  of  the 
earth.  It  was  adorned  with  most  magnificent  temples,  theaters,  public  baths,  aqueducts 
and  triumphal  arches  and  was  by  far  the  most  splendid  city  in  the  world.  It  was  dur- 
ing the  reign  of  Constantine  306  to  337  A.  D.  that  Rome  ceased  to  be  the  capital  of  the 
world. 

In  polite  learning  too  the  Romans  had  made  a  proficiency  which  has  never  since 
been  excelled.  Besides  Virgil,  were  Horace  and  Ovid,  poets  whose  names  are  familiar 
to  every  one.  Livy,  the  historian,  graced  this  period.  In  short  the  glories  of  this  age 
reflect  a  lustre  on  human  nature  itself  unknown  before.   (P.  W.  Ricord,  Hist,  of  Rome). 

You  can  cross  the  Rubicon  with  Caesar  after  which  Rome  was  free  no  more.  The 
"veni,  vidi,  vici"  of  his  report  to  the  senate,  was  the  sounding  of  the  death  knell  of  his 
great  exploits.  While  they  bear  over  their  head  upon  the  helmet  the  imperial  eagle  of 
the  Roman  legions.  "Senatus  Populus  que  Romanus,"  "S.  P  Q.  R.."  was  the  magic 
legend  emblazoned  on  the  Roman  standards,  over  the  imperial  eagle  of  their  banners, 
nothing  else  would  do  and  thus  he  overstepped  i  he  bounds  of  the  senate  in  entering  Italy 
with  an  armed  force  contrary  to  their  demands,  which  led  to  his  downfall,  and  finally 
that  of  the  empire.  After  he  crossed  the  Rubicon  civil  war  began  which  was  soon  fol- 
lowed by  the  brutal  murder  of  the  great  dictator,  and  internal  dissentions  and  disrup- 
tion of  its  people  took  place.  And  with  the  decay  of  the  Empire  a  great  change  was 
produced  and  the  civilization  and  policy  of  Rome  were  replaced  by  barbarism  and  ignor- 
ance. The  Goths  were  knocking  at  the  gates  of  Rome,  as  vei  only  as  individuals,  but 
later  to  come  in  hordes.  Greece  was  about  to  become  Byzantine  and  Rome  barbarian  and 
the  literature,  art  and  oratory  of  the  "Classic  Age"  and  of  the  "Eternal  City"  dwindled. 
sank  and  died,  and  the  grandeur  and  magnificence  of  invincible  Rome,  first  as  a  king- 
dom, then  as  a  republic  and  finally  as  an  empire  was  at  an  end.  and  the  flight  along  the 
Tiber  towards  the  gates  of  Rome  began. 

The  invasions  of  the  Goths.  Huns.  Volgarins  and  Vandals,  succeeded  by  the  Franks 
and  the  Feudal  system  of  the  age  of  chivalry  and  heraldry,  now  prevailed.  Such  was  the 
fate  that  befell  Rome  (with  all  her  iniquities  and  the  pillagings  and  vices  of  the  people) 
formerly,  "the  light  of  the  world,"  that  was  set  on  seven  artificial  hills  rising  by  a  suc- 
cession of  terraces  until  they  outstretched  and  overtopped  the  walls  of  the  old  city  on  the 
Tiber  16  miles  from  the  sea.  and  were  12  miles  in  circuit  with  eight  bridges  across  the 
Tiber  and  14  gates.  Amidst  all  this  splendor,  in  the  Circus  Maxima  the  chariot  race,  in 
the  Amphitheater  the  gladiatorial  combat,  in  the  Basilica  persecutions,  tortures  and 
crucifixions  were  inflicted,  and  in  the  Coliseum  and  Hippodrome  Christian  martyrs  given 
to  the  lions  to  be  devoured  by  the  wild  and  famished  beasts  amid  the  acclamations  of  the 
assembled  multitudes,  with  Xero  on  the  throne,  the  synonym  of  savage  cruelty  and  he 
who  after  took  delight  in  the  burning  of  Rome  itself.  And  after  him  under  the  praetorian 
guards  in  the  infamous  character  and  brutality  of  Commodus.  one  of  the  most  execrable 

208 


The  Atrocities  of  Nero.  The  Goths  Sack  the  Roman  City.  kleric,  King  of  the  Visigoths. 
Odicacer,  King  of  the  Ostrogoths.  Theodoric  and  the  Franks.  Tomb  of  Theodoric  ai 
Revenna.     King  of  Italy.    Merovingian  Franks.    Tusculum  Founded  by  Telegonius.  Livy, 

Roman  Historian.     Padua.     Patarin in . 

and  degenerate  monarchs  that  ever  disgraced  the  Roman  empire,  and  lastly  by  Vitellius 
the  most  disgusting  and  sensual  of  all  the  despicable  wearers  of  the  purple.  In  such 
scenes  may  be  read  the  inevitable  doom  of  the  Empire  that  ruled  the  world  through  the 
dark  to  the  middle  ages  of  the  barbarian  ascendency,  down  to  the  incoming  reformation 
and  now  where  is  the  seat  of  science,  Athens,  and  earth's  proud  mistress,  Rome? 

The  Goths  from  Scythia  under  their  kings,  Rhadagast  and  Alaric,  commenced  war 
against  the  Roman  empire  and  sacked  the  Roman  city  and  conquered  all  Italy  and 
Sicily.  Aleric,  conqueror  of  Rome,  was  King  of  the  Visigoths,  350-410,  and  afterward 
Theodoric,  of  the  royal  race  of  Amile,  obtained  dominion. 

Odicacer  (O-do-a-sar  I,  King  of  the  Ostrogoths  in  476,  bn.  434,  slain  493,  was  suc- 
ceeded by  Theodoric  whose  wife  Audefida,  was  a  sister  of  Clovis,  King  of  the  Franks. 
The  tomb  of  Theodoric  an  imposing  structure  is  at  Revenna.  The  first  barbarian  ruler 
of  Italy  on  the  downfall  of  the  western  empire  was  born  in  the  district  bordering  on  the 
middle  Danube  about  the  year  434,  son  of  one  of  Attila's  officers.  (Attila,  son  of  Mundzuk. 
king  of  the  Huns,  A.  D.  434). 

In  476  he  was  chosen  chief  of  the  confederate  tribes  and  saluted  by  them,  "King  of 
Italy,"  with  Revenna  as  the  seat  of  his  kingdom.  He  defeated  the  patrician  Orestes  at 
Pavia.  In  this  district  the  once  rich  and  fertile  provinces  of  Noricum  and  Pannoma  were 
being  torn  piecemeal  from  the  Roman  empire  by  a  crowd  of  German  tribes  who  seemed 
to  have  hovered  over  the  Danube  from  Passau  to  Psth,  with  whom  he  was  connected  and 
claimed,  but  it  is  not  certainly  known  to  which  he  belonged,  probably  Edica,  chief  of  the 
Scymi,  was  his  father.  Onulf  the  brother  and  Thelan  the  son,  the  conqueror  soon  dis- 
posed of  after  his  succession,  and  thus  perished  the  whole  race  of  Odacier  in  493  A.  D. 

The  Merovingian  Franks  under  Clovis  at  Soissons  480  A.  D.  defeated  the  Romans  un- 
der Syagrius.  Gaul  lost  to  Rome  and  Frankish  power  established.  Italy  the  land  of  ro- 
mance and  adventure,  and  Florence  the  Apenine  city  of  music  and  song,  became  the 
cradle  of  the  Rennaissance,  a  beacon  light  of  history.  Tusculum,  an  ancient  Latin  city 
now  Frascati,  was  situated  in  a  commanding  position  on  one  of  the  eastern  ridges  of  the 
Alban  Hills  on  the  Via  Latina  100  stadia  (12V2  miles)  from  Rome.  It  has  a  very  beauti- 
ful and  extensive  view  of  the  Campagna,  with  the  sea  near  Ostea  on  the  west,  and  tin 
long  range  of  the  Sabine  Hills  on  the  northeast.  According  to  tradition  the  city  was 
founded  by  Telegonus,  the  son  (or  grandson)  of  Ulysses  and  his  second  wile,  Circe,  after 
his  return  from  Troy  at  Aeole's  or  Chalcis  on  his  long  way  home.  Telemachus  beiiin 
older,  the  son  of  his  first  wife,  Penelope,  whom  he  discarded  as  being  unfaithful  in  his 
long  absence.  Others  say  she  proved  faithful  and  that  Telemachus  married  Circe  of  the 
Aenae  in  Attica,  or  Ara  in  Chalcis,  on  the  further  shore  of  the  Black  Sea,  the  country 
of  the  Aectes  in  Aeaca,  bearing  Telegonus,  whom  Mentor,  friend  of  Ulysses  in  Ithaca  and 
who  accompanied  Telemachus,  his  son,  to  Pilos  and  Lacedaemon  where  he  married  Circe 
in  Aeaea  or  Aenae  in  Attica.  Hence  Horace  speaks  of  it  as  "Circara  Moenia"  (Ephod-30) 
and  Ovid,  as  "Telegoni  Moenia"  (Fast  111-91)  and  the  Legendary  descent  of  one  of  the 
Tusculan  families,  the  gens  Mamilia,  from  Ulissus  through  Telogonus  is  well  authenti- 
cated in  the  ancient  history.  Extensive  remains  still  exist  of  the  massive  walls  which 
surround  the  city  and  of  its  arx,  a  separate  citadel,  which  stood  on  an  abrupt  rock  ap- 
proached only  on  one  side,  that  towards  the  city,  with  which  it  was  connected  by  long 
walls.  During  the  later  years  of  the  republic  and  under  the  empire,  Tusculum  was  a 
favorite  site  for  the  country  villas  of  wealthy  Romans.  Cicero's  favorite  residence  and 
retreat  for  study  and  literary  work  was  there,  and  that  of  Lucullus,  Caesar,  Crassus, 
Brutus,  Tiberius  and  Gabincus  the  consul,  and  several  of  the  chief  Roman  families  were 
of  Tusculum  origin  of  the  gentes  Fulva,  Fonteia,  Javentia  and  Porcia,  to  which  Cato  be- 
longed. Cumae,  ancient  Aeolian  Greek  colony  near  Rome  338  B.  C.  Livy,  the  Roman 
historian,  belonged  by  birth  to  those  regions  of  northern  Italy  which  has  already  given 
to  Roman  literature  Catullus,  Cornelius,  Nepos  and  Virgil.  He  was  born  in  59  B.  C  .  the 
year  of  Caesar's  first  consulship  and  thus  was  11  years  younger  than  Virgil.  His  native 
city  Padua,  Patavium,  claimed  like  Rome  a  Trojan  origin,  and  Livy  placed  Antenor,  the 
founder  of  Padua,  side  by  side  with  Aeneas.  Its  ancient  connection  with  Rome  naturally 
helped  to  turn  his  attention  to  the  study  which  became  his  life  work.  A  more  real  bond 
of  union  was  found  in  the  dangers  to  which  both  had  been  exposed  from  the  assaults  of 
the  Celts  (Livy  x-2)  and  Padua  must  have  been  drawn  to  Rome  as  the  conqueror  of  her 
hereditary  foes,  by  much  the  same  motives  as  those  which  led  the  Greeks  in  southern 
Italy  to  seek  Roman  aid  against  the  Oscan  invader.     His  youth  and  manhood  were  cast 

209 


Battle  of  Artinm.     Establishment  of  Roman  Empire.     Reign  of  Augustus.     Antony  and 

Cleopatra.     Octavia.     Livij.     His   Great   Work.     Epitomes   of  History.     His   History,   the 

Roman  People.  Amalgamation   of  Latin   ami  Greek  Races.     Sabine  Wars.     Carthaginian 

and  Rmnan   Wars.     The  Iliad  and  the  Odyssey  in  Literature.     The  J  in  mortal  Homer. 

at  Padua  in  stormy  times.  He  was  10  years  old  when  Caesar  crossed  the  Rubicon  and 
civil  war  began  and  in  his  15th  year  came  the  murder  of  the  great  dictator  and  scion 
of  this  distinguished  ancestry  and  one  year  later  the  murder  of  Cicero  to  whose  memory 
he  paid  an  eloquent  tribute. 

Of  the  part  taken  by  Padua  in  the  troubles  which  distracted  the  empire  from  49  B.  C. 
till  the  decisive  victory  at  Actium,  31  B.  C,  in  which  Octavius  Augustus  with  200  light 
ships  defeated  the  combined  fleets  of  Antony  and  Cleopatra  with  200  heavier  ships  and 
established  the  power  of  the  Caesars  and  the  accession  of  Augustus,  we  know  nothing 
beyond  the  fact  that  in  43  B.  C.  it  closed  its  gates  against  Antony  and  was  afterwards 
punished  for  doing  so  by  Asinius  Pollio.  It  was  probably  about  the  time  of  the  battle 
of  Actium,  31  B.  C,  when  Antony  had  put  away  his  faithful  wife  Octavia  for  the  beauti- 
ful Cleopatra,  securing  for  her  the  throne  of  Egypt  only  to  suffer  overthrow  and  defeat 
by  Octavius,  and  the  sad  ending  of  her  death,  and  the  establishment  of  the  Roman  empire, 
that  Livy  established  himself  in  Rome  and  commenced  his  great  work  "the  libri  peri- 
ochal,"  or  "epitomes  of  history  which  still  excels  all  others,"  of  which  is  said  "the 
libraries  of  Rome  were  not  large  enough  to  contain  the  vast  material  he  had  obtained, 
and  the  number  of  his  Books,"  (Martial  xiv-199.  Latin  poet,  43  to  104  A.  D.)  and  there 
he  seems  to  have  chiefly  resided,  for  he  travelled  but  little,  until  his  retirement  to 
Padua  shortly  before  his  death  in  18  A.  I).,  aged  76  years  and  in  the  3d  year  of  the  reign 
of  Tiberius. 

Livy's  History  begins  with  the  landing  of  Aeneas  in  Italy  and  closes  with  the  death 
of  Drusus,  9  B.  C,  though  it  is  probable  that  he  intended  to  continue  it  to  the  end  of 
Augustus'  reign,  for  he  set  himself  the  task  of  recording  the  history  of  the  Roman  people, 
"the  first  in  the  world,  from  the  beginning."  The  task  was  a  great  one  to  which  he 
succeeded. 

Livy  writes  as  a  Roman  to  raise  a  monument  worthy  of  the  greatness  of  Rome  and 
to  keep  alive  for  the  guidance  and  the  warning  of  the  Romans  the  recollection,  alike  of 
the  virtues  which  had  made  Rome  great  and  of  the  vices  which  had  now  threatened. 
The  history  of  the  former  stretches  back  into  the  regions  of  pure  mythology.  It  is  a  col- 
lection of  the  fabled  gods,  tales  and  traditions  of  the  Hellenic  and  Achaenic  heroes  in  the 
wars  of  the  Greek  races  in  chronological  sequence,  to  the  flight  of  Aeneas  from  Troy,  and 
filling  up  the  gap  to  the  supposed  year  of  the  foundation  of  Rome,  and  the  mass  of  float- 
ing tradition  which  had  come  down  from  early  days  with  its  store  of  border  raids  and 
forays,  of  valiant  chiefs  and  deeds  of  patriotism  in  the  amalgamation  of  the  Latin  and 
Greek  races  is  now  arrayed  into  an  indisputable  framework  of  consistency,  consisting  of 
short  notices  of  important  events,  Sabine  wars,  prodigies  of  Pabii  valour  and  consecra- 
tion of  temples  all  recorded  with  extreme  brevity,  precisely  dated  and  couched  in  a  some- 
what archaic  style.  They  were  taken  probably  from  one  or  more  of  the  state  registers, 
such  as  the  annals  of  the  pontiffs,  or  those  kept  by  the  Aediles  in  the  temple  of  Ceres. 
This  bare  official  outline  of  the  past  history  of  his  city  by  Fabius  was  filled  in  from  the 
rich  store  of  tradition  that  lay  ready  to  his  hand  to  the  subsequent  Carthaginian  and 
Roman  wars  and  the  triumphant  history  of  the  Roman  prowess  and  power.  The  manner 
and  spirit  in  which  he  effected  this  combination  were  no  doubt  wholly  uncritical  and 
usually  he  seems  to  have  transferred  both  annalistic  notices  and  popular  traditions  to 
his  pages  much  in  the  shape  in  which  he  found  them. 

In  style  and  language  Livy  represents  the  best  period  of  Latin  prose  writing.  In 
the  Venetian  richness  of  his  coloring  and  the  copious  flow  of  his  words  he  is,  on  the 
whole,  wonderfully  natural  and  simple.  These  merits,  not  less  than  the  high  tone  and 
easy  grace  of  his  narrative  and  the  eloquence  of  his  speeches,  give  Livy  a  hold  on  Roman 
readers  such  as  only  Cicero  and  Virgil  besides  him  ever  obtained  and  they  continued  to 
be  an  inspiration  to  the  Roman  people  in  their  wars,  in  their  political  life,  in  their  liter- 
ature and  art.  His  history  formed  the  groundwork  of  nearly  all  that  was  afterwards 
written  on  the  subject  and  in  every  school  Livy  was  firmly  established  as  a  textbook  for 
the  Roman  youth  and  so  finally  since  used  in  every  school  and  college  of  the  civilized 
world.      (Enc.  Brit.  9th  Ed.  Vol.  14,  pages  725-27). 

The  Iliad  and  the  Odyssey  are  the  highest  form  of  an  artistic  epic,  not  composed  by 
piecing  together  ballads  but  developed  by  a  long  series  of  noble  d  o  i  S  o  i  (a  lyric  song) 
for  the  benefit  of  the  great  houses  who  entertained  them.     This  is  the  immortal  Homer 

210 


The  Literature  of  England.     The  English,  Bible  Preeminent.     As  u  Great  Literary  Treas 
ure.     The  ~tt'ise  Have  Pondered  Over  its  Perfect   Sentences.    .1    Representation   of  tin- 
Best  Moments  of  Man.  Those  Who  are  Best  are  Guided  by  it.  II  is  the  Oldest  and  Greatest 
Boole  in  any  Language.     All  Lair.  Order,  Morality  and  Religion  are  Founded  on   it. 

amid  the  vicissitudes  of  life,  in  the  theater  of  the  Greek  Heroes,  and  the  sublimity  of  the 
Gods.  Next  to  that  of  Greece  the  literature  of  England  is  the  most  luminous,  illustrious 
and  voluminous  the  world  has  ever  known.  Prom  a  literary  point  of  view  the  English 
Bible  stands  preeminent  in  the  world  of  letters.  No  other  hook  shows  such  simplicity 
of  narration  or  so  heart  gripping  command  of  the  human  essentials.  It  is  at  once  the 
greatest  of  spiritual  boons  and  the  most  perfect  piece  of  writing  in  our  language  or  any 
other  tongue,  and  is  a  great  literary  treasure.  The  beauties  of  the  Bible  have  charmed 
the  critical  of  all  ages  and  generations.  The  young  have  departed  from  its  simplicity  of 
speech  only  to  return  to  it  again  in  riper  years  for  rapt  tuition.  The  wise  have  lingered 
over  its  perfect  sentences,  striving  to  catch  the  art  which  was  showered  upon  those  un- 
assuming translators  who  gave  its  pages  to  the  English  speaking  world.  The  memory 
of  the  dead  passes  into  it,  the  potent  traditions  of  childhood  are  stereotyped  in  its 
phrases.  The  power  of  all  the  griefs  and  trials  of  a  man  is  hidden  beneath  the  words. 
It  is  the  representative  of  his  best  moments  and  all  that  there  has  been  about  him  of 
soft  and  gentle  and  pure  and  penitent  and  good  in  the  Psalms,  Proverbs  and  Songs  of 
Soloman,  speaks  to  him  forever  out  of  his  English  Bible.  Those  who  are  best  are 
guided  by  its  precepts.  Those  who  are  the  wisest,  have  implicit  confidence  in  its  teach 
ings.  Those  who  are  the  most  eloquent  have  studied  it  intensely.  Those  who  are  power- 
ful in  narration  of  events  have  imitated  its  divine  simplicity. 

The  book  of  Job  is  older  than  any  other  writing  on  earth.  It  antedates  the  Chinese 
Empire.  It  is  lost  in  the  mist  of  years.  The  histories  of  Moses  are  as  old  as  the  pyra 
mids,  and  obelisks  proclaim  the  integrity  of  the  Hebrew  leader  and  chronicler.  Tie' 
whole  book  of  Job  with  regard  to  sublimity  of  thought  and  morality  exceeds  beyond  all 
comparison  the  most  noble  parts  of  Homer.  The  book  of  Job  is  a  prose  poem  in  which 
scholars  have  found  a  mine  of  literary  inspiration.  "The  pure  and  noble,  the  graceful 
and  dignified  simplicity  of  language  is  nowhere  in  such  perfection  as  in  the  scriptures," 
says  Alexander  Pope,  the  English  poet  (1688-1744). 

The  Bible  has  been  described  as  the  greatest  hook  in  any  language  and  its  lasting 
popularity  is  an  evidence  of  its  great  hold  on  the  popular  imagination.  "The  greatest 
pleasures  the  imagination  can  be  entertained  with  are  to  lie  found  in  the  Bible  and  even 
the  style  of  the  scriptures  is  more  than  human,"  says  Sir  Richard  Steele,  Eng.  essayist. 
(1671-1729). 

"I  use  the  scriptures,  not  as  an  arsenal  to  be  escorted  to  only  for  arms  and  weapons, 
but  as  a  matchless  temple,  where  I  delight  to  contemplate  the  beauty,  the  symmetry  and 
the  magnificence  of  the  structure,  and  to  increase  my  awe  and  excite  my  devotion  to 
the  Deitv.  there  presented  and  adored,"  says  John  Boyle,  American  jurist  and  statesman. 
(1774-1834). 

"All  law,  order,  morality  and  religion  are  founded  on  the  Bible,"  says  Daniel  Web 
ster,  the  greatest  of  American  scholars  and  statesmen,  (1782-1852)  and  he  was  wont  to 
consult  it  in  preparation  of  his  most  eloquent  orations.  "Intense  study  of  the  Bible  will 
keep  any  one  from  being  vulgar  or  unseemly  in  point  of  style,"  says  S.  T.  Coleridge,  Eng. 
metaphysician  and  poet,  (1772-1834).  "Men  cannot  be  well  educated  without  the  Bible 
It  ought  therefore  to  hold  a  chief  place  in  every  institution  or  situation  of  learning 
throughout  Christendom,"  says  the  venerable  Dr.  Nott.  American  divine  and  president  of 
Union  College,  (1773-1866).  Where  can  you  find  as  grand  language  as.  "The  voice  of  the 
Lord  is  upon  the  waters,  the  God  of  glory  thundereth."  (Ps.  29-3).  "Deep  calleth  unto 
deep,"  (Ps.  42-7).  "The  voice  of  the  Lord  shaketh  the  wilderness."  (  Ps.  29-81.  Where 
can  you  find  as  graceful  speech  as  "He  shall  come  down  as  rain  upon  the  mown  mass." 
(Ps.'72-6).  "Mercy  and  truth  are  met  together."  (Ps.  85-10).  "Righteousness  ami  peace 
have  kissed  each  other,"  (Ps.  S5-10).  Where  can  you  find  such  passages  and  lolly  de 
scription  and  power  as  "He  looketh  on  the  earth  and  it  trembleth.  He  toucbeth  the 
hills  and  they  smoke."  (Ps.  104-32)  or  such  expressions  of  sublimity  and  awe  as  'He 
stood  and  measured  the  earth.  He  beheld  and  drove  asunder  the  nation  The  ever 
lasting  mountains  were  scattered.  The  perpetual  hills  did  bow.  His  ways  are  ever- 
lasting," (Hab.  3-6)  or  of  human  weakness,  in  contrast,  as  "Canst  thou  draw  out 
leviathan  with  a  hook?  Or  his  tongue  with  a  cord  which  thou  lettest  down.'  Canst 
thou  put  a  hook  into  his  nose?  Or  bore  his  jaw  through  with  a  thorn?  Canst  thou 
fill  his  skin   with  barbed  irons?     Or  his  head   with   fish   spears?       Lay   thy   hand   upon 

211 


There  is  Nothing  to  be  Com  pit  nil  to  the  Bilile  as  a  Literary  Treasure  of  Inspiration,  Mo- 
tirr  ami  Action.  Ballads  of  Burns,  Scott,  Gowper,  Wordsworth  and  Chaucer,  the  Father 
of  English  Poetry,  Interspersed  as  They  arc  with  Song,  Gladness  and  Joy.  Modern 
Drama.  Shakespeare,  tin  Hani  of  Avon.  Dickens.  Milton.  Bum/an.  Tennyson. 
Dryden.     America n  Literature,  the  Outcome  of  all  Before. 

him,  remember  the  battle,  do  no  more."  (Job  41-1-2-7  and  8).  "The  Bible  is  not  only  the 
criterion  of  the  soul,  but  of  the  sentiments,  the  book  that  is  first  under  the  scholar's 
lamp  and  alone  in  his  bed-chamber."  is  the  way  all  critics  speak  of  it  in  the  sense  of  a 
great  literary  treasure  of  inspiration,  motive,  morality  and  action. 

Out  of  the  method  and  materials  of  traditions,  lays  and  popular  song,  ballads  sprang 
from  the  very  heart  and  homes  and  fields  of  the  people  to  flit  from  age  to  age.  from  lip  to 
lip.  of  shepherds,  peasants,  mothers,  nurses,  of  all  the  class  that  continues  nearest  to  the 
state  of  nature  and  natural  man.  so  what  shall  we  say  of  Burns,  the  ploughman  lyric  poet, 
and  Scott,  the  border  minstrel,  and  Covvper  and  Wordsworth,  the  bards  of  Olney  and 
Rydal  and  Chaucer,  "the  father  of  English  poetry  and  founder  of  the  English  language," 
the  latter  of  the  12th  to  14th  centuries  interspersed  as  they  are  with  song  and  gladness 
and  joy  or  of  Thomas  Moore  the  later  Irish  poet,  in  his  "Lalla  Rookh"  of  1817  and  "Loves 
of  the  Angels,"  1822.  They  all  make  music  with  the  plash  of  the  fisherman's  oars  to  the 
roar  of  the  billowy  sea,  the  hum  of  the  spinning  wheel,  the  rustic  dances  and  carol  of  the 
maiden,  the  latest  tune  of  the  bonny  highland  lassie  and  laughter  of  prattling  children, 
all  harmonize  and  keep  time  witli  the  step  of  the  jolly  wayfarer  and  the  ploughman  as 
he  drives  his  team  whistling  the  most  popular  air.  The  country  seems  to  have  aided 
man  in  their  making,  the  bird's  note  lings  in  them,  the  tree  has  lent  her  whispers,  the 
stream  its  murmur  to  the  pebbles  and  green  rustling  grasses,  and  the  lowing  herds  to  the 
luxuriant  and  waving  meadows  in  the  harmony  of  shadowy  hills  and  lowering  clouds, 
to  the  distant  waterfalls  and  the  village  bell  in  the  cadence  of  its  tinkling  chime.  The 
whole  soul  of  the  peasant  class  breathes  in  their  burdens,  as  the  great  sea  resounds  in 
tbe  shells  cast  up  on  the  shores  by  the  rolling  breakers,  in  an  appropriate  rhythm  and 
melody  of  Shelley.  Ballads  are  a  voice  from  secret  places,  from  silent  peoples  and  old 
times  long  dead,  and  as  such  they  stir  us  in  a  strangely  intimate  fashion  to  which  artistic 
or  blank  verse  seldom  attains 

Modern  drama,  tragic  and  comic,  of  which  Shakespeare,  "the  Bard  of  Avon"  and 
"the  father  of  the  English  language."  is  the  best  exponent,  delights  to  dwell  in  the  excit- 
ing and  thrilling  adventures  of  the  later  age  of  chivalry  and  romance,  of  the  eccentricities 
of  kings  and  queens,  and  the  antics  of  clowns  and  princes  and  the  adventures  of  the 
court  or  realm,  the  robbers  of  the  black  forest  and  the  pirate  of  the  high  seas,  the  be- 
lated traveler  and  the  wily  highwayman,  the  jingle  of  gold  and  silver  in  the  money 
chests  of  the  miser,  the  love,  jealousy  and  hate  of  the  lover  and  the  remorse  or  com- 
punctions of  conscience  of  the  fiend  or  villain,  and  commiseration  of  the  condemned, 
with  the  jollity  of  the  peasantry  and  the  weird  tales  of  the  primitive  folk  lore,  as  dis- 
played in  the  characters  of  his  inimitable,  illustrious  and  imperishable  works. 

Such  is  the  literature  of  the  ages  long  past  and  yet  to  come  changeless  and  uu- 
changable,  that  has  brought  forth  and  presented  in  vivid  light  the  doings  of  the  past 
unknown  to  us  but  for  this  means  of  awakening  entertainment  and  enlightenment, 
which  it  has  strewn  along  the  way.  What  shall  we  say  of  Dickens,  the  character  de- 
lineator; of  Milton,  the  Homer  of  his  age;  of  Dante,  the  Inferno,  in  that  "Divine  Com- 
edy," his  medieval  miracle  of  song;  and  of  John  Bunyan,  "the  high-minded"  allegorist  in 
his  immortal  "Pilgrim's  Progress,"  as  the  great  bulwarks  and  safeguards  of  society? 
Of  Milton,  as  the  synonym  of  sublimity,  Dryden  wrote  an  expressive  panegyric: 

"Three  poets,  in  three  distant  ages  born.  Greece.  Italy  and  England  did  adorn. 
The  first,   l  Homer)  in  loftiness  of  thought  surpassed.    The  next,   (Virgil)   in  majesty,  in 
both  the  last. 

The  force  of  nature  could  no  longer  go  to  make  a  third   (in  Milton)   she  joined  the 
other  two." 

And  there  is  Shelley,  the  poet  of  poets:  Tennyson,  the  English  laureate  and  peer, 
and  the  Brownings,  the  Southeys,  Coleridge  and  Thackeray  the  novelist,  and  the  fantastic 
Pope,  the  expositor  of  Homer  who  says,  "Waller,  was  smooth  and  fine,  but  Dryden  taught 
to  join  the  varying  verse,  the  full  resounding  line,  the  long  majestic  march  and  energy 
divine."     So  much  for  the  English. 

Now  lastly  what  shall  we  say  of  our  own  American  literature,  the  outcome  of  all 
that  has  gone  before,  of  a  younger  outgrowth,  amid  the  varying  scenes  and  influences 
of  a  new  world   and   characteristics?     There   is   Lessing  and   Bancroft,   the   historians. 

212 


Whittier,  the  Quaker  Port.     Emerson,  the  Sage  of  Concord.     Longfellow,  the    VmeHcan 
Laureate.     Others.     A  Goodly  List  Brought   to   Light.     John   Lydgate.     Dr.   Schlietnann's 
Works.     Troy   and   its   Remains.     Excavations.     Turks'    Shares.     Royal    Tombs.     Treas- 
ures.    Dr.  Dorpfeld  and  City  of  Troy.     Dr.  Schliemann's  Heath  and  Burial  at  Naples. 

Hawthorne,  the  novelist.  Irving  and  Cooper,  the  romancers.  Whittier,  the  Quaker  poet, 
Bryant,  the  majestic.  Emerson,  the  sage  of  Concord.  Lowell,  the  poet  critic.  Holmes, 
the  essayist.  Edwards,  the  impressive  metaphysician.  Webster,  the  great  lexicographer, 
Everett,  the  political  diplomat  and  author.  Channing,  theolog.,  divine  and  writer. 
Aldrich,  poetical  writer.  Howells,  the  author.  Thompson,  the  novelist.  Wordsworth, 
the  lyric  poet.  Abbott,  teacher,  author  and  historian.  Prescott  and  Parkman,  of  the 
later  historians.  Longfellow,  the  American  laureate.  A  goodly  list,  which  mirrors  our 
country's  history  in  an  epilogue  interwoven  with  inspiring  scenes  and  events,  delightful 
episodes  and  tragic  romances  of  heroic  splendor  at  once  eloquent  and  impressive  in  the 
building  up  and  forming  an  imperishable  American  literature. 

THE    SERVANTS    OR    TOILERS,      BY    RICHARD    WIGHTMAN. 

"Singer,  sing!     The  hoary  world  needs  reminder  of  its  youth; 
Prophet,  tell!     The  darkness  lies  on  the  labyrinths  of  truth; 
Builder,  build!     Let    rocks  uprise  into  cities  'neath   thy  band; 
Farmer,  till!      The  sun  and  rain  hearken  for  the  seeds  demand; 
Artist,  paint!      Thy  canvases  patiently  convey  thy  soul; 
Writer,  write!      With  pen  blood-dipped  trace  no  segment  but  the  whole; 
Teacher,  teach!      Thyself  the  creed  only  this  a  child  may  know; 
Dreamer,  dream!     Nor  hide  thy  face  though  thy  castles  crumble  low. 
Where  the  toiler  turns  the  sod  man  beholds  the  living  God." 

John  Lydgate  born  in  England  in  1375,  died  1461,  educated  at  Oxford  and  ordained 
in  1:597,  traveled  on  the  continent,  studied  Italian  and  French  literature  and  wrote  "the 
History  of  Troy,"  or  "Troye  Book."  It  is  a  paraphrase  of  Guido  de  Collona's  prior 
"Historia  Trojana."     Edited  by  J.  C.  Haliwell  and  published  by  the  Percy  society,   1840. 

In  1874,  Dr.  Schliemann  published  "Troy  and  its  Remains."  containing  an  account  of 
his  discoveries  at  Hassarlik,  and  later  "Schliemann's  Excavations"  ( Shenandoah  i  trans- 
lated from  the  German  by  Eugene  Sellers.  Published  in  London  and  New  York.  Mc 
Millan  &  Co.,  1S91.  Other  publications  of  his  appeared  also  in  1874.  He  obtained  per- 
mission from  the  Greek  government  to  excavate  Mycenae  and  Tyrus  in  Argolis,  Gn 

and  also  of  Turkish  government,  who  exacted  and  took  a  good  share  of  his  findings,  to 
excavate  at  Ilios  and  Troja.  At  Mycenae  in  1877  he  made  the  marvellous  discovery  of 
"the  five  royal  tombs."  The  most  interesting  of  all  the  discoveries  made  on  the  spot 
were  several  tombs  holding  the  remains  of  nineteen  bodies  which  were  surrounded  by 
an  immense  number  of  articles  of  gold,  silver  and  bronze,  gold  masks  and  breasl  plates, 
drinking  cups  of  solid  gold,  bronze  swords  inlaid  with  gold  and  silver  and  personal 
ornaments  of  every  kind.  There  were  100  pounds  weight  of  gold  articles  alone,  which 
local  tradition  pointed  out  to  Pausanius.  as  those  of  Agamemnon  and  his  companions 
who  were  murdered  by  Aegisthus.  He  then  wrote  in  English,  Mycenae,  "A  narrative  of 
Researches  and  Discoveries  at  Mycenae  and  Tyrus."  In  his  explorations  he  was  greatly 
assisted  by  his  wife  who  is  a  native  of  Greece.  Later  ercavations  carried  on  at  Has- 
sarlik by  Dr.  Schliemann  in  1882-4  in  association  with  Dr.  W.  Dorpfeld,  of  Athens. 
have  shown  the  2nd,  the  burnt  city,  from  the  bottom  (of  the  first  city,  the  lowest  and 
oldest)  and  the  6th  from  the  top  (the  6th  or  Lydian  settlement,  the  5th  the  Creek,  the 
4th  the  Roman  and  the  3rd  and  finally  the  Latin  from  the  top)  beneath  Hissarlik,  was 
probably  the  one  whose  siege  and  destruction  is  commemorated  in  the  Iliad,  as  re- 
vealed in  the  blackened  ruins  of  the  conflagration  found  below  the  successive  cities,  in 
the  buried  remains  of  the  Schain  Gate,  the  conduits  and  washing  troughs,  and  the  great 
circuit  walls  and  palaces  of  well  dressed  stone  with  treasures  of  gold  and  silver  and 
finely  wrought  vases  all  unmistakably  relics  of  the  former  existence  of  old  Troy. 

Dr.  Schliemann  died  in  Nanles  Dec.  26,  1S90,  in  his  69th  year  and  is  buried  in  the 
Greek  cemetery  south  of  the  Ilissos.  His  body  lies  in  the  land  he  loved  so  well,  an 
example  of  noble  ambition  and  patient  research,  his  devotion  and  enthusiasm  for  classical 
learning  and  heroic  antiquity  of  Grecian  civilization  unequaled.  A  poor  clergyman's  son 
at  New  Buckow,  in  Macklenburg  Schwerin,  Germany,  and  leaving  (enriched  by  his 
treasures  found  in  gold  and  silver  and  his  publications)  his  wife  Sophia  (Hastromenos 
of  Athens)  and  their  Andromache,  just  reached  womanhood,  and  son  Agamemnon,  a  boy 
of  twelve    a  small  fortune.     Dr.  Heinrich  Schliemann  had  a  romantic  career,  his  early 

213 


His  Son's  Marriage  at  Athens  and  Appointment  as  Diplomat  to  Wash.,  D.  C.  Resilience 

at  Athens.     Publications.     Discovery  of  Ancient   Troy  Beneath  Hissarlik  of  Trojo-Het- 

hnie    Origin.     Buried    Treasures.     Aeolic.   Macedonian    and    Roman    Periods.  Analogies 

and    Deductions.     Destruction    of  Pompeii. 

struggles  having  fully  equalled  those  of  most  American  captains  of  industry.  He  started 
as  a  cabin  boy  on  an  ocean-going  vessel  and  it  was  not  until  after  he  had  made  a  fortune 
as  a  military  contractor  during  the  Crimean  war  and  as  a  "Forty-niner"  in  California, 
that  he  turned  his  attention  to  archaeology.  It  was  in  California  that  he  obtained  the 
American  citizenship  of  which  he  was  ever  proud  and  which  he  retained  through  life. 
His  son,  Agamemnon  Schliemann,  now  33  years  old,  married  the  dau.  of  a  Danish 
merchant,  a  native  of  Athens,  who  is  considered  one  of  the  most  beautiful  women  in 
Greece,  and  has  just  been  appointed  (1914)  by  the  Premier  to  represent  Larissa  in  the 
Greek  Chamber  of  Deputies  as  Diplomat  or  Envoy  to  our  National  Capitol  at  Washington, 
D.  C,  for  the  regeneration  of  Greek  politics  from  the  recent  war  in  the  Balkans  and 
the  problems  that  confront  his  countrymen  here  in  which  he  has  taken  much  interest 
and  is  well  versed  having  spent  much  time  here  before.  One  of  the  finest  residences  in 
Athens  is  the  home  of  Dr.  Schliemann.  It  is  a  square  two-story  oriental  classic  Greek 
structure  of  pure  Pentelic  marble  and  all  around  its  facaded  belvedere  and  roof  garden, 
beautiful  groups  of  statuary  gleam  white  against  the  blue  of  the  lucid  Grecian  skies. 
(See  Stoddard's  Lectures).  Ilios,  the  city  and  country  of  the  Trojans,  by  Dr.  Henry 
Schliemann,  explorative  narrations  of  1877-79,  800  pages.  1880,  and  Troja,  narrative  of 
1881,  explorations,  434  pages  quarto,  1884,  were  his  first  publications,  both  published  by 
Harper  &  Bros.,  New  York. 

Dr.  Schliemann,  as  well  as  Dr.  Dorpfeld  and  others  in  their  extensive  researches  be- 
lieved the  Trojans  to  have  Indo-European,  or  Trojo-Hellenic  and  even  later  Franco- 
German  affinities  and  that  Hissarlik.  on  the  Dardanelles,  only  3  miles  from  the  coast 
where  it  broadens  into  the  wide  Aegean  Sea,  the  seat  of  old  Troy,  and  Novium  Illium 
or  New  Troy  occupies  the  site  of  Hissarlik,  and  without  doubt  identical  with  the  Troy 
of  Priam,  as  the  reality  of  the  main  facts  of  the  Homeric  legend  plainly  show.  Dr. 
Schliemann  believed  in  the  poet  as  the  narrator  of  actual  facts  and  be  carried  on  a 
systematic  investigation  of  the  supposed  neighborhood  of  ancient  Troy  and  believes  he 
has  found  at  Hissarlik  its  veritable  site. 

In  July,  1872,  he  discovered  a  very  large  collection  of  gold,  silver,  bronze  and  copper 
implements  and  weapons,  household  ornaments  and  utensils  in  the  blackened  ruins  of 
the  palace  or  temple  walls,  undoubtedly  of  great  antiquity.  He  considers  that  these  are 
a  part  of  the  treasures  of  ancient  Troy,  probably  buried  for  safety  at  the  time  of  its 
destruction  by  fire.  The  treasure  consists  of  big  diadems  of  gold,  chains  and  pendants 
of  gold,  and  golden  ear-rings,  all  packed  in  a  silver  jar  and  bars  of  silver,  with  8,700  small 
gold  rings,  discs,  buttons  and  small  bars  of  gold,  silver  vases,  gold  cups,  electrum  cups, 
silver  daggers,  etc.  The  whole  of  this  treasure  had  been  packed  together  and  stowed 
away,  probably  in  a  secret  chamber  constructed  in  the  Acropolis  wall,  in  their  hasty 
retreat,  during  the  sack  of  Troy.  He  also  found  from  above,  the  remains  of  towns  or 
cities  and  houses,  temples,  baths  and  palaces  of  the  three  successive  periods  of  the 
Aeolic,  Macedonian  and  Roman,  of  which  they  correspond,  and  below  these,  the  remains 
of  at  least  one  pre-historic  settlement  the  age  and  origin  of  which  are  unknown  but  un- 
doubtedly of  the  Teucer  or  Dardanus  reign.  These  discoveries  of  Dr.  Schliemann  prove 
that  the  Homeric  Troy,  undoubtedly  at  Hissarlik,  was  an  ancient  seat  of  pre-Hellenh- 
population.  This  makes  it  probable  that  the  legend  was  founded  on  fact,  the  locality  is 
so  well  defined  and  at  that  early  period  in  detail  and  the  claim  which  the  Julii  and  other 
patrician  families  of  Alban  origin  made  to  descent  from  Ascanius  or  lulus,  son  of 
Aeneas,  the  supposed  founder  of  Alba  Longa,  is  entitled  to  the  greatest  credence  in  the 
foregoing  conclusion,  for  in  tracing  the  course,  there  are  certain  analogies  and  affinities 
all  leading  to  this  sequence  in  the  essential  elements  of  historical  legends  and  traditional 
lore  combined  and  confirmed  in  the  embodiment  of  these  later  valuable  discoveries. 

Perhaps  the  most  famous  description  of  the  destruction  of  Pompeii  by  Vesuvius  in 
the  year  79  A.  D.  are  the  letters  of  Pliny  the  Younger.  Both  he  and  his  uncle,  Pliny  the 
Elder,  were  near  Pompeii  at  the  time  the  city  was  destroyed  but  Pliny  the  Elder  venture- 
ing  too  close  to  the  scene  was  killed  in  its  eruption  and  outthrow  of  streams  of  debris. 
ashes  and  molten  lava,  burying  everything  before  it  in  its  course  to  the  sea.  It  is 
only  in  recent  years  that  this  city  which  had  been  buried  for  centuries  was  uncovered 
and  exposed  to  light  by  the  Italian  government.  Now  the  traveler  can  walk  through  the 
old  streets  of  Pompeii,  beneath  which,  or  near  by.  are  the  ruins  of  Herculaneum  which 
is  said  to  have  perished  long  before  in  a  similar  fate,  a  coincidence,  in  some  respects 
an  analogy,  bearing  upon  the  destruction  of  Troy  and  the  ancient  cities  of  the  plain. 

214 


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HlSSARLIK,  -   !        .....        "  ' 

the  Probable  SiTh   01    Ancient  Troy.  (From  a  photograph) 

;  ■.•?(    fin  ...........    j,-..-  .- 


Combat 


v^-z_i^Z 


Achilles  ami  Hector.    (Fro 


dLi 


The  Story  of  Helen  and  Paris  of  Troy.  Their  Elopement  Cause  of  Trojan  War.  Helen's 
Beauty  in  Early  Life.  Rivalry  Among  the  Men.  Escapades.  Recoveries.  Suitors. 
Marriage.  Hermione  Only  Child.  Paris  Appears.  Marriage  Festival  of  Peleus  ami 
Thetes.     The  Apple  of  Discord).     Flight   of   Heir,,    and    Paris.      I    Twenty    Years-    War. 

Death  of  Paris. 

Of  all  the  tragic  romances  that  are  known  to  human  history,  the  eventful  love 
laison  of  Helen  and  Paris  of  Troy  is  the  most  sensational  and  remarkable  episode.  For 
twenty-five  centuries  it  has  tasked  the  resources  of  the  plastic  and  graphic  arts.  It 
has  been  made  the  theme  of  poets  and  prose  narrators.  It  has  appeared  and  re-appeared 
in  a  thousand  forms  and  still  appeals  as  much  to  the  sentimental  imagination  to-day  as 
it  did  when  Helen's  elopement  with  Paris  brought  about  the  Trojan  war. 
"Oh  say  what  heroes,  fired  by  thirst  of  fame. 
Or  urged  by  wrongs,  to  Troy's  destruction  came." 

Helen  was  the  daughter  of  King  Tyndareus,  who  ruled  over  the  broadlands  of  Sparta. 
Even  in  her  early  youth  Helen's  fatal  beauty  seems  to  have  caused  a  great  deal  of 
rivalry  among  the  men  and  trouble  began.  She  was  forcibly  abducted  by  Theseus,  King 
of  Oreece,  at  the  age  of  fifteen,  and  also  his  friend  Pirithous  had  at  the  age  of  eleven 
carried  her  away  and  concealed  her  at  Aphidnae.  under  the  care  of  his  mother  Act  bra. 
She  was  rescued  from  Theseus,  however,  by  her  brothers  while  the  king  was  away  from 
Athens  and  her  brothers,  Castor  and  Pollux,  recovered  her  by  force  of  arms  at  Attica 
from  Aethra  and  she  returned  safely  to  Sparta  her  native  country.  Her  fame  as  a 
beauty  having  spread  abroad  by  these  escapades,  many  suitors  came  and  applied  for  her 
hand,  among  whom  were  Ajax,  Teucer  and  Ulysses.  There  was  one,  however,  of  whom 
her  father  particularly  approved.  He  was  not  handsome,  nor  great  as  a  warrior,  but 
he  was  wealthy  and  possessed  a  fund  of  common  sense,  which  the  old  king  considered 
necessary  in  the  handling  of  Helen.  Menelaus  was  the  name  of  the  accepted  suitor. 
Helen's  marriage  to  Menelaus  could  not  be  called  a  love  match,  but  for  eight  years  the 
beautiful  young  girl  lived  an  apparently  happy  life  and  bore  her  husband  one  daughter. 
Hermione,  her  only  child,  who  afterward  married  Neoptolimus  or  Pyhruss,  son  of 
Achilles.  Then  came  Paris  to  disrupt  the  harmony  of  this  household.  But  who  was 
Paris  and  whence  did  he  come?  It  is  necessary  here  to  go  back  a  little  and  relate  the 
life  story  of  the  other  important  character  in  this  romantic  love  story.  According  to 
legend,  the  goddesses  were  engaged  in  a  terrible  quarrel.  The  trouble  had  been  brought 
about  by  Eros,  strife  and  envy,  who  had  thrown  into  their  midst  a  golden  apple  bearing 
the  inscription,  "To  the  fairest."  At  the  marriage  festival  of  Peleus  and  Thetes  (Eros, 
Cupido,  Cupid),  the  god  of  love  prevailed,  says  Homer.  Then  a  storm  broke  loose  about 
the  interpretation  of  the  words,  whence  to  this  day  we  hear  the  expression,  "The  apple 
of  discord."  To  decide  who  was  truly  fairest,  the  ladies  after  long  wrangling  fell  upon 
the  strange  device  of  leaving  the  decision  to  a  handsome  shepherd  called  Paris,  who 
led  his  flock  on  Mount  Ida,  son  of  the  old  King  Priam.  This  was  near  the  city  of  Troy 
and  overlooking  that  fabled  Hellespont  which  loving  Leander  swam  across  so  many 
times  to  meet  his  love  Hero,  dan.  of  I.eonidas.  Paris  at  that  time  had  no  acquaintance 
with  the  celestial  ladies.  He  was  to  make  it,  fatally.  They  offered  him  bribes:  Ceres, 
riches;  Clio,  wisdom;  Juno,  power;  but  Venus  won  the  apple  by  promising  the  shepherd, 
who  was  in  reality  a  prince,  the  most  beautiful  woman  in  the  world  as  a  loving  wife. 
She  directed  him  to  Sparta,  where  lived  the  lovely  Helen  "fairest  of  the  fair."  He  arrived 
when  King  Menelaus  was  away  in  Crete  to  visit  him  on  the  pretence  of  sacrificing  to 
Apollo  and  was  entertained  in  his  absence  as  customary,  befitting  a  Trojan  prince,  but 
shamefully  betrayed  him  by  prevailing  upon  Helen,  whose  love  was  reciprocal  at  first 
sight,  to  elope  with  him,  causing,  as  they  say,  the  Trojan  war.  It  was  the  story  of  the 
eternal  triangle  enacted  in  its  first  version.  At  this  time  Helen  was  at  the  height  of  her 
beauty,  "A  daughter  of  the  gods,  divinely  tall  and  most  divinely  fair,"  Tennyson  says 
An  authentic  portrait  is  of  course  impossible,  but  according  to  the  most  creditable  In 
formation  Helen's  hair  was  as  fine  spun  gold,  her  eyes  large  of  violet  blue,  her  com- 
plexion clear  and  white,  her  mouth  small  and  her  lips  a  veritable  Cupid's  bow,  the  ideal 
Grecian  type.  The  flight  of  Queen  Helen  and  her  lover  was  not  discovered  tor  some  time 
but  when  it  was  a  summons  was  sent  to  Troy  demanding  her  return.  She  refused  I.. 
comply  with  this  request  and  her  refusal  brought  about  a  twenty  years'  war.  Ten  years 
were  consumed  in  preparations  and  ten  years  in  actual  fighting.  As  the  war  dragged  on 
Helen's  position  became  a  most  critical  and  serious  one.  Her  mind  was  divided  between 
her  love  for  Paris  and  regret  for  what  she  had  lost.  Bitterness  against  her  was  rampant 
and  it  did  not  escape  the  dreadful  cause  of  the  prolonged  bloodshed  and  disaster,  though 

215 


Oeone.  Troy  Succumbs  to  the  Greeks.  Marriage  to  Deiphobus.  Menelaus'  Revenge. 
Reconciliation.  Return  in  Sparta.  Helen's  Vanity  and  Premature  Death.  Helen  Hon- 
ored by  Greek  Temples.  Dan.  of  Leila  and  Tyndares.  Leila,  the  Swan.  .1  fitting, 
Tribute.     Tennyson's  "Dream  of  Fair  Women."     The  Rape  of  Thesus.     Iphigenia.     Castor 

and  Pollux. 

her  beauty  and  grace  kept  even  the  hostile  in  awe  and  admiration.  Finally  Paris  fell  a 
martyr  to  his  love,  mortally  wounded  by  Philecietes  and  on  being  refused  succor  by 
the  magic  power  of  his  first  love  and  slighted  nymph  Oeone  of  Mt.  Ida,  died  and  soon 
after  Troy  succumbed  to  the  Greeks  who  had  "launched  a  thousand  ships  and  burned 
the  topless  towers  of  Ilium."  After  the  death  of  Paris,  Helen  voluntarily  married  his 
brother  Deiphobus  and  finally  after  the  taking  of  Troy  in  order  to  recover  the  favor  of 
Menelaus  she  betrayed  him  into  his  hands  and  he  also  was  slain.  Menelaus  at  last 
victorious  determined  to  put  an  end  to  the  cause  of  all  the  trouble.  But  again  Helen's 
marvelous  beauty  manifested  itself  and  exerted  a  powerful  influence  over  him  and  now 
becoming  reconciled,  he  took  her  back  with  him  to  Sparta  and  the  scene  which  com- 
menced with  murder,  ended  in  a  renewal  of  love. 

The  exact  condition  of  Helen's  life  and  death  after  reaching  home  is  somewhat 
obscure  but  one  version  has  it  that  she  died  a  victim  of  her  wilful  pride  and  vanity. 
One  day  Helen  sent  her  daughter  for  a  mirror.  Looking  into  its  depths  she  found 
her  beauty  gone  and  not  wishing  to  outlive  her  loveliness  she  died  by  her  own  hand,  her- 
self a  victim  to  the  beauty  which  had  proven  fatal  to  all  who  beheld  it.  Perhaps  if 
Helen  the  beautiful  lived  to-day  she  would  hardly  be  called  so,  as  cultivation  and  civiliza- 
tion have  so  improved  and  beautified  the  human  race  that  types  have  changed  and  what 
was  worshipped  as  beautiful  hundreds  of  years  ago  would  pass  unnoticed  in  the  galaxy 
of  the  beautiful  women  of  to-day.  It  is  said  Helen  was  honored  by  the  Greeks  as  a 
goddess  of  beauty  and  after  her  death  the  Spartans  built  her  a  temple  at  Therapne  which 
had  power  of  giving  beauty  to  all  comely  women  who  entered  it.  Others  say  after 
the  death  of  Menelaus  she  was  driven  from  Sparta  and  that  her  death  was  caused  by  the 
attendants  of  Polyxo,  who  was  made  a  widow  by  the  Trojan  war,  and  who  disguised  as 
furies  strangled  her  as  she  went  to  bathe  in  the  river,  the  crime  of  Polyxo  being  expiated 
at  the  temple  which  the  Rhodians  erected  at  Dentritis  to  her  memory. 

Homer  says  she  was  the  daughter  of  Leda  and  Tyndares  of  Sparta  and  she  has  been 
likened  by  Zeus,  Greek  Divinity,  unto  "Leda  the  Swan"  in  the  gracefulness  of  her  figure, 
majestic  appearance  and  the  tragic  manner  of  her  death.  As  a  fitting  tribute  we  will 
close  with  Tennyson,  who  meant  no  other  than  Helen  of  Troy  when  he  was  inspired  to 
write  the  following  verse  in  his  poem  "A  Dream  of  Fair  Women." 

"At  length  I  saw  a  lady  within  call, 

Stiller  than  chiselled  marble  standing  there; 
A  daughter  of  the  gods  divinely  tall 
And  most  divinely  fair." 

And  in  another  verse  of  the  same  poem. 

"I  had  great  beauty:   ask  thou  not  my  name; 
No  one  can  be  more  wise  than  Destiny, 
Many  drew  swords  and  died ;  where  e'er  I  came 
I  brought  calamity." 

It  is  a  curious  coincidence  and  evidence  of  the  custom  and  barbarity  of  the  times 
that  during  her  youth  when  she  was  wooed  by  a  number  of  suitors  all  of  whom  were 
kings  and  primes  of  neighboring  tribes  and  being  at  one  time  abducted  by  Pirithous 
at  the  age  of  eleven  and  concealed  at  Aphidnae  under  the  care  of  his  mother  Aether  for 
a  while,  and  later  when  she  was  15  years  of  age  carried  off  by  Theseus,  the  King  of  At- 
tica, bearing  him  a  daughter.  Iphigenia,  and  only  was  recovered  by  her  brothers  Castor 
and  Pollux  by  force  of  arms,  that  her  father  bound  these  suitors  with  an  oath  to  join  in 
assisting  her  future  husband,  whoever  he  might  be,  to  regain  her  should  she  be  taken 
from  him  by  force  by  a  disappointed  suitor,  being  undoubtedly  something  of  a  flirt  or 
coquette,  and  thus  showing  the  charming  power  and  fatality  of  beauty. 

"O  what  was  woman's  beauty  made  for,  if  not  in  her  youth 
Employed  to  make  conquests,  that  serve  for  her  use." 

"0  what  was  love  made  for,  if  it  was  not  for  this 
The  same  amidst  sorrow  and  transport  and  bliss."     (Moore). 

216 


Elopement  of  Helen  and  Paris.    Agamemnon's   Fleet.     Ulysses'   Stratagem   and   Return 
Home.     The  Trojan  War.     Wrath   of  Achilles.     The  Captive  Damsel   Briseis.     Ana/nan 
non's   Captive,   Chryseis,   Returned   and   Achilles    Taken    Instead.     Greeks   Sear   Defeat. 
Patroclus  in  Achilles'  Armor,    stain    t>u  Hector.    Achilles,   the   Lion-hearted,   Aroused. 

Battling  of  Hector  and  Achilles. 

When,  therefore,  Paris  being  well  received  and  reciprocally  enamored  easily  per- 
suaded and  captured  her  and  they  rashly  fled  to  Troy  shortly  alter  her  marriage  to 
Menelaus  in  his  absence  at  Athens,  hence  Agamemnon  the  King  of  the  Mycenaeans,  who 
were  the  strongest  of  all  the  tribes  and  were  the  progenitors  of  the  Greeks,  called  to 
gether  these  aforetime  suitors  from  Asia,  Greece  and  all  the  isles,  and  sailed  with  many 
ships  to  besiege  Troy  and  re-capture  Helen,  in  avenge  of  the  insult  to  King  Menelaus  of 
Sparta,  with  all  the  angered  indiscriminate  slaughter  in  retaliation  incident  to  the 
occasion. 

They  were  nine  years  in  getting  there  and  making  preparations  for  the  siege  and 
ten  years  more  in  battling  before  the  well  nigh  god-built  walls  and  then  would  not  have 
succeeded  but  for  resorting  to  one  of  their  number,  Ulysses,  the  crafty  King  of  Ithaca, 
who  conceived  through  the  oracles  the  stratagem  of  the  wooden  horse,  as  constructed  by 
Epeus.  that  figured  so  largely  in  the  taking  of  the  impregnable  city  and  the  recovery 
of  Helen,  with  the  captives  and  destruction  which  followed.  And  it  was  nine  years  after 
that,  through  diverse  winds,  stress  and  storm,  before  Ulysses  returned  home,  an  old 
man,  to  his  faithful  wife  Penelope  who  had  also  been  beset  with  many  suitors  to  dis- 
perse and  tell  the  story  of  his  wanderings  and  misfortunes  and  adventures  by  sea  and 
land,  after  the  war,  as  given  in  the  Odyssey. 

The  "Trojan  War  and  wrath  of  Achilles."  The  short  lay,  or  war  song,  which  is 
extremely  ancient  and  the  nucleus  of  Homer's  Iliad  gives  in  recital  mainly  the  events  of 
a  few  days  which  transpired  during  the  last  year  of  the  great  conflict.  It  was  a  long 
siege,  for  that  within  their  walls  the  Trojans  seemed  invulnerable  and  did  not  dare  to 
come  out  and  fight  a  pitched  battle  against  the  Greeks  because  of  Achilles,  son  of  King 
Peleus  and  Thetis,  the  bravest  of  the  Greeks  in  the  war  against  Troy,  with  50  vessels 
manned  by  his  Myrmidon  followers  from  the  court  of  King  Lycomodes.  a  warrior  so 
terrible  tliat  none  of  the  Trojans  could  match  him,  not  even  Hector,  the  greatest  of  the 
besieged  people.  During  the  war  Achilles  took  to  his  tent  a  captive  damsel  Hriseis  of 
Lynessus,  one  of  the  conquered  cities  in  the  early  campaign  against  Troy,  and  this  girl 
King  Agamemnon  claimed  from  him  in  place  of  his  own  captive  Chryseis  taken  at 
Chalcis,  3  miles  from  Aulis,  the  rendezvous  of  their  ships  in  one  of  their  raids  near 
Troy,  whom  the  oracles  (Apollo  Athena)  had  ordered  to  be  returned  to  her  father  a 
Priest  of  Apollo,  of  Athena  at  Chrysa.  Achilles  angered  in  the  highest  degree,  but 
scorning  to  take  arms  against  the  leader  of  his  host  and  thereby  foment  civil  warfare 
withdrew  from  the  army.  In  consequence  the  fate  of  battle  changed  ever.  For  nine 
years  the  Greeks  and  their  allies  hold  in  close  siege  the  city  of  Priam.  On  the  plains 
beneath  the  walls  of  the  capital  the  warriors  of  the  two  armies  fight  in  general  battle 
or  contend  in  single  encounter  and  even  on  Olympus  the  gods  watched  breathlessly,  but 
with  Achilles  away  disaster  hovered  nearer  and  nearer  the  army  of  the  Greeks.  But 
though  he  knew  of  their  losses,  as  Hector  and  Pandarus,  a  son  of  Lycaon,  the  leader  of 
the  Lycians,  drove  them  back  to  their  ships  which  he  set  on  fire  at  one  time  and  almost 
succeeded  in  burning  their  fleet.  Achilles  still  angered  remained  in  his  tent.  I  The 
Roman  Legions  always  lived  in  camps).  At  last  his  friend  Patroclus  fearing  that  final 
ruin  would  come  upon  the  army  besought  Achilles  at  least  to  allow  him  to  wear  the 
famous  armor  saying  "that  to  take  his  chariot  and  assume  his  armor,"  the  sight  of  it 
alone  would  strike  such  terror  into  the  hearts  of  the  Trojans  that  victory  might  return 
to  the  Greek  side  In  Achilles'  armor  Patroclus  performed  prodigies  of  valor  and  Priam 
himself  is  slain  bv  the  hand  of  Neoptolemus,  who  was  afterward  also  one  of  the  Greek 
heroes  hidden  in  "the  wooden  horse,  but  at  last  he  found  himself  confronting  Hector, 
and  this  greatest  of  the  Trojans,  more  than  a  match  for  any  save  Achilles"  slew 
Patroclus  The  news  of  the  death  of  Patroclus  roused  the  "Lion-hearted  Achilles"  from 
his  moodiness  Calling  upon  his  mother  Thetis,  one  of  the  goodesses  of  the  sea,  to  aid 
him  he  secured  a  wonderful  suit  of  armor  from  Vulcan,  i  he  god  of  the  forge  and  pat.  on 
of  armorers  in  place  of  the  armor  which  had  become  the  prize  of  Hector  by  Hie  death  of 
Patroclus  'in  this  armor  Achilles  rushed  to  the  field  alone,  the  Greeks  following  him  m 
a  confused  but  eager  mass.  Before  this  onrush  the  Trojans  fell  back,  broke  into  flight 
and  retreated  helter-skelter  to  the  gates  of  Troy,  losing  a  man  at  every  step  through  the 
vengeance  of  Achilles,  when  Memnon,  son  of  Tithonus,  half  brother  of  Priam  and  Bos 
(Aurora),  was  slain  by  Achilles  after  having  himself  slain  Antilochus,  the  Son  of 
Nestor    Kiug  of  Pylus,  who  was  the  son  of  Neleus  and  Chloris.     Aloue  the  hero  would 

217 


Hector  Slain  by  Achilles  and  Dragged  Around  the  Walls  of  Trot/.  Body  Restored  to 
Priam  and  Achilles  Afterwards  Marries  Poly.rcna.  the  Captured  Dan.  of  Priam.  An 
Atonement.  Paris  Kills  Achilles  and  Neoptolemus  Slays  Paris.  Funeral  of  Hector  as 
Given  by  Homer.  Neoptolemus.  Andromache.  Hermione  and  Orestes.  Diana  of  the 
Ephesians.     Astyanax's  Tragic  Death.     Helcnus. 

have  followed  into  the  town  and  stormed  the  citadel  but  Apollo,  taking  the  form  of  a 
warrior,  engaged  him  in  combat,  then  fled,  drawing  away  Achilles  long  enough  for  the 
Trojans  to  enter  and  shut  the  scaean  gates.  Hector,  who  felt  that  he  had  ordered  the 
advance  to  the  fatal  field  stood  without  the  gate  to  resist  Achilles.  But  when  he  saw  the 
form  of  Achilles  thundering  down  upon  him,  the  heart  of  Hector  forsook  him  and  lie 
fled,  the  Greek  champion  pursuing.  At  last,  in  order  to  give  him  courage,  Athene  ap- 
peared in  the  form  of  his  brother  Oeiphobus  and  seeing  that  they  were  two  to  one 
Hector  thought  there  might  be  a  chance  of  resistance  against  Achilles,  but  as  soon  as 
the  combat  was  joined,  Athene  disappeared,  leaving  the  battle  to  Hector.  The  issue  was 
not  doubtful  and  Hector  fell.  With  more  barbarity  than  would  have  been  expected  in  a 
mighty  warrior,  Achilles  scorned  Hector's  dying  plea  that  his  body  should  have  due 
burial  and  exulted  over  his  fallen  foe  by  telling  him  of  the  disgrace  that  awaited  his 
corpse.  Then  fastening  the  body  by  the  heels  to  the  axle  of  his  chariot  wheels  he 
dragged  it  back  and  forth,  thrice  round  the  walls,  before  the  gates  of  Troy.  At  last 
the  aged  Priam,  King  of  Troy,  humbling  himself  went  to  Achilles'  tent  to  beg  the  body 
of  his  son,  which  was  finally  restored  to  him  and  as  a  ransom,  we  are  told  that  soon 
after  Achilles  made  a  contract  of  marriage  with  Polyxena,  the  captured  daughter  of  the 
Trojan  King,  and  it  is  said  that  their  ashes  with  that  of  Patroclus  were  placed  in  an 
urn  and  buried  on  the  promontory  of  Sigeum  as  a  propitiatory  sacrifice  and  that  sometime 
after  Achilles  slew  Hector,  Paris  killed  Achilles,  shooting  him,  with  an  arrow  in  the  heel, 
"his  vulnerable  part,"  in  the  temple  of  Apollo,  others  say  at  the  scaean  gate,  and  that 
Paris  was  slain  afterward  by  Achilles'  son.  Neoptolemus,  in  revenge.  The  Iliad  closes 
witli  a  recital  of  the  funeral  ceremonies  of  the  Trojans  over  the  mighty  Hector,  as  given 
by  Homer: 

"Perform  ye  Trojans!   what  the  rites  require.  And  fell  the  forests  for  a  funeral  pyre; 
Twelve  days,  nor  foes,  nor  secret  ambush  dread!     Achilles  grants  these  honors  to  the 

dead. 
Thus  commands  Priam  the  King,  of  sorrow  not  joy.     A  great  funeral  is  given  to  the 
hero  of  Troy." 

Athene  leads  the  combats  of  the  Aegenetan  heroes  against  Troy,  in  which  Patroclus 
and  Orcles  were  slain  and  the  combat  around  the  bodies  of  each  as  related  in  the  Iliad. 
The  first  works  to  presage  this  period  are  the  marble  groups  from  the  pediment  of  the 
temple  of  Aphaia  at  Aegina,  attributed  to  Paeomos  of  Thrace  by  Pausanius. 

Neoptolemus,  or  Pyrus,  returned  with  rich  spoils  and  brought  back  Andromache,  the 
wife  of  Hector,  as  a  captive  and  settled  in  Epirus  and  she  bore  a  son  Molossus,  and  later 
on  he  married  Hermione,  dau.  of  Menelaus  and  Helen,  when  he  had  gone  to  Pithia  to 
restore  Peleus  to  the  throne,  and  she  afterward  became  very  jealous  of  him  and  conspired 
with  her  former  lover  Orestes  and  the  Delphi  to  slay  him,  who  also  claimed  her  hand 
and  she  then  married  soon  after. 

Andromache  was  the  wife  of  Hector  (Iliad  VI,  395)  and  dau.  of  Eetion,  prince  of 
Thebes  in  Mysia.  Her  father  and  seven  brothers  had  fallen  by  the  hand  of  Achilles 
when  their  town  was  taken  by  him.  Her  mother,  ransomed  at  a  high  price,  was  slain 
by  Diana  of  the  Ephesians.  (Iliad  VI,  428).  To  Hector.  Andromache  bore  a  son 
Astyanax,  whose  death  by  the  Greeks  she  was  forced  to  look  on  as  he  was  cast  head- 
long from  the  walls,  and  when  her  husband,  also  slain  by  them,  and  Troy  taken  and  the 
captives  apportioned,  she  fell  to  Neoptolemus,  the  son  of  Achilles,  and  Pyrrus  or 
Deidamia,  one  of  the  daughters  of  Lycomedes  of  Scyros,  with  whom  she  went  to  Phthia 
and  Epirus  and  there  bore  him  sons  Molossus,  Pielus  and  Pergamus,  after  which 
Neoptolemus  having  been  slain  by  Orestes  or  the  Delphinians  at  Delphi  instigated  by  the 
jealousy  of  Hermione,  his  first  wife,  whom  Orestes  her  former  lover  then  married  and 
who  also  claimed  her  hand,  and  finally  left  her  to  the  Trojan  seer  Helenus,  brother  of 
Hector,  who  had  followed  him  and  who  now  married  her  and  governed  the  kingdom  of 
Molossia  for  her  sons.  After  the  death  of  Helenus,  to  whom  she  borne  a  son  Cestrinus,  she 
returned  to  Asia  Minor  with  her  youngest  son  Pergamus  (by  Neoptolemus)  who  there 
founded  a  town  named  after  himself  near  Troy.  The  tragic  poets  found  a  favorite  sub- 
ject in  the  events  of  her  life  and  in  her  faithful  and  affectionate  character  as  the  wife 
of  Hector.     In  the  works  of  art,  the  death  of  Astyanax,  and  the  farewell  scene  between 

218 


Seizure  of  Polyxena  by  Pyrrhus.  in  Marble  by  Fedi.     The  Book  of  Invasions.     French  and 

Belgians  in  Cornwall  after  Phoenicians.     Brigantia   i»   Spain.     Britain's   Five   Nations. 

Legendary  English  History.     Peerage  Hook.     Mostyn  Hall  Roll. 

Andromache  and  Hector  (Iliad  VI,  323)  were  represented,  the  latter  it  is  said  in  a  paint- 
ing which  drew  tears  from  Portia,  the  wife  of  Brutus  (Plutarch,  Brut.  23),  and  later  the 
fine  hut  sad  historical  statue,  by  Fedi,  the  Florentine  sculptor  of  Florence,  18G5,  in 
Loggia,  of  Seizure  of  Polyxena  by  Pyrrhus,  son  of  Achilles,  King  of  Bpirus,  with  the 
beautiful  dau.  of  Hecuba  in  his  arms  as  captive,  and  beside  him  stoops  the  imploring 
mother  with  outstretched  hands  and  at  his  feet  beneath  the  prostrate  form  of  the  van- 
quished, lifeless  brother,  Paris,  whom  he  has  slain. 

In  the  Book  of  Invasions  is  the  Milesian  story  that  through  the  very  ancient  dis- 
covery of  the  lead  and  tin  mines  of  Cornwall  the  Venetians  and  Carthaginians  induced 
the  Spanish  to  settle  there  in  Britain  at  a  very  early  date,  and  is  supposed  to  have 
attracted  trade  with  Tyrian  merchants  before  the  arrival  of  the  Romans,  and  Milton 
says,  "Sure  enough  are  we  that  Britain  hath  been  anciently  termed  'Albion,'  from  its 
high  cliffs,  both  by  the  Greeks  and  the  Romans,  from  likeness  to  their  own." 

"Proud  Albion  bowed  to  Caesar  and  numerous  lords  before, 
To  Picts,  to  Danes,  to  Normans  and  many  masters  more." 

A  Semitic  race,  the  Phoenicians  settled  in  Cornwall  and  the  tin  and  lead  tempted 
the  French  and  Belgians  to  come  also  and  it  is  probable  that  other  people  came  over 
from  Spain  to  Ireland  and  settled  there  where  the  Celtic-Iberian  type  is  still  preserved. 
(Dickens).  Among  the  names  which  appear  in  the  pedigree,  which  of  course  carried  it 
back  to  Noah  and  survivors  of  the  deluge,  are  several  worthy  of  the  attention  of 
Archaeologists,  namely,  Breogan  or  Bregan,  Eher  Scot,  Goedaldus,  Fenius,  Farsaid, 
Allait,  Niiaden,  Sru  and  Esra. 

Breogan,  a  Milesian,  according  to  the  legend  was  the  grandfather  of  Galam  or 
Milesius  who  founded  Brigantia  in  Spain  undei  King  Melisus  and  came  to  Ireland, 
through  Lugaid,  grandson  of  Bregantzus,  and  to  Scotland  through  Scotia,  or  Scota,  the 
dau.  of  Pharioh  of  Miletus  under  Renda.  And  Bede,  at  the  beginning  of  the  Mb  century, 
the  most  learned  man  of  his  time,  tells  us  that  Britain  contains  five  nations,  the  Angles, 
Britons,  Scots   (Militians),  Picts   (Sythians),  and  Latins,  each   in  its  own  dialect. 

The  Celts  obtained  Ireland  at  a  prehistoric  period  and  the  early  history  is  enveloped 
in  fable.  The  Milesian  inhabitants  of  Ireland,  according  to  the  legendary  history  of  the 
country,  are  descended  from  King  Milisius  of  Spain,  whose  two  sons  conquered  tin; 
Island  1300  B.  C,  and  established  a  new  order  of  nobility.  ( B.  H.  Smart,  Eng.  lex., 
1787-1S72). 

The  ethnic  legends  in  the  long  continuance  of  tribal  government  and  the  existence 
of  a  special  class  of  muses,  sages  and  scribes,  whose  duty  it  was  to  preserve  the 
genealogies  of  the  ruling  families  and  keep  in  memory  the  deeds  of  their  ancestors  and 
so  long  pedigrees  and  stories  of  persons,  battles  and  events  were  recorded  and  finally 
compared  and  committed  to  writing.  The  preparing  and  continuing  of  these  pedigrees 
was  one  of  the  duties  of  the  ancient  bards  and  sennachies,  who  transmitted  their 
knowledge  of  family  history  from  generation  to  generation  until  it  has  come  down  to  us, 
and  upon  the  whole  there  seems  to  be  a  large  amount  of  truth  in  what  they  have 
written  and  thus  transferred  for  our  inspection  and  approval.  The  result  lias  been  the 
construction  of  a  most  extraordinary  legendary  history  which  under  the  constant  care 
of  official  guides  has  acquired  a  completeness  and  fulness  with  a  certain  degree  of  eon 
sistency  which  is  remarkable  and  in  the  lltli  and  12th  centuries  this  legendary  history 
was  fitted  with  a  chronology  and  synchronized  with  the  annals  of  historical  nations  and 
fully  believed,  sanctioned  and  approved  by  King  and  prelate  in  the  14th  century- 
Take  out  and  examine  almost  any  peerage  book  and  you  will  find  it  tilled  with 
ancestral  names  whose  presence  is  much  more  difficult  to  explain  than  that  of  the  fly  in 
the  amber,  and  as  you  descend  in  the  social  scale  the  fictions  are  liable  to  multiply, 
from  the  pedigrees  of  the  landed  gentry  to  the  family  tree  proudly  cherished  in  hundreds 
of  middle  class  homes  of  old  England's  dignities  and  forefathers.  But  these  lineages, 
aspiring  as  they  are,  are  often  of  an  untimely  or  presumptive  growth  as  compared  with 
others  that  are'held  and  claimed  with  seeming  honesty  and  undoubtedly  have  very  much 
to  substantiate  them.  At  Mostvn  hall  you  may  see  a  vellum  roll  seven  yards  long  headed 
by  no  less  famous  an  ancestor  than  "Adam,  son  of  God,"  also  another  pedigree  at  the 
college  of  heralds  starts  thus  modestly  with  "Adam  and  Eve,  our  first,  parents  in  tin- 
garden  of  Eden,"  and  so  down  through  the  endless  generations. 

219 


Ireland  and  Wales  Famil//  Tree.  Bede  roll  of  Posterity  Scottish  Kings.  England  and 
France  Rests  Mostly  with  the  Norman  and  Saxon  Invaders  and  Greek  Heroes.  First 
Prankish  History.     Limburg,  Laon  and  Franconia.     Nibelungen  Ued,  or  Siegfried  Saga 

or   the   Franks. 

Ireland  and  Wales  have  many  a  family  tree  which  traces  descent  with  unerring  hand 
from  the  same  remote  region  and  carries  it  through  unchallenged  and  unbroken  to  the 
end  in  its  long  and  famous  line  of  ancestral  heroes.  The  formidable  Bede  roll  731  A.  D., 
of  the  posterity  of  Fergus  of  104  Kings  of  Scotland  received  by  Boethius  ( Roman  phil. 
and  stats.,  470-525,  and  also  the  later  Scot,  hist.,  1465-1536,  of  same  name),  and  rendered 
classical  by  Buchanan  (the  Scottish  hist,  and  poet,  1506-1582),  in  virtue  of  whom  James 
6th  claimed  to  rule  the  ancient  kingdom  and  whose  portraits  still  frown  grimly  upon 
the  walls  of  the  gallery  of  Holyrood  Castle,  of  divine  hereditary  right  and  continuance. 

But  Prance  and  England  seem  to  be  content  to  let  theirs  rest  mostly  with  the  invad- 
ing Roman,  Saxon  and  Norman  chieftains,  or  the  Greek  heroes,  survivors  of  the  great 
Trojan  war,  in  their  dispersion  and  settlements  there.  When  their  history  begins,  the 
Pranks  are  in  three  groups,  mostly  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Rhine  from  Mainz  to  the  sea. 
It  is,  however,  quite  certain  that  in  earlier  days  the  Salian  Franks  dwelt  also  on  the 
right  or  German  bank  where  Caesar  found  them,  for  "if  the  Romans  pressed  on  them, 
ere  long  they  began  to  press  on  the  Romans  in  return."  The  oldest  Frankish  land  was 
on  the  Rhine.  Limburg  was  one  of  the  first  conquests  of  the  invading  Franks  who  estab- 
lished themselves  and  proclaimed  their  first  kings  there.  Laon  was  one  of  the  principal 
towns  of  the  kingdom  of  the  Franks  and  the  possession  of  it  was  often  disputed.  In  the 
middle  of  the  3rd  century  these  Franks  began  to  press  into  the  first  and  second  Germany 
from  the  left  bank  of  the  Rhine,  from  Alsace  to  the  sea,  in  the  formation  of  Franconia. 
and  in  the  5th  century  in  France  from  the  Rhine  to  the  Somme.  Henceforth  we  find 
plenty  of  Franks  taking  service  under  the  empire  and  their  future  history  falls  under 
that  of  France. 

It  is  to  the  Franks  that  the  great  Teutonic  epic  poem,  "the  Nibelungen  Lied"  (or 
Siegfried  Saga)  of  the  13th  century  properly  belongs.  There  are  28  Teutonic  manu- 
script copies  between  the  13th  and  16th  centuries.  Ten  are  complete,  18  fragmentary 
and  their  early  history  is  hopelessly  mixed  up  with  legend.  It  is  here  in  connection 
with  the  National  Epic  of  the  German  Iliad  that  one  finds  evidences  of  departed  glory. 
This  is  the  Danube"s  song  of  chivalry.  One  half  of  the  imperishable  poem  being  bound  up 
with  the  legendary  Rhine.  Kronhilde,  at  the  outset  lives  at  the  court  of  her  brother  Gun- 
ther,  King  of  the  Burgundians,  at  Worms,  his  capital,  437  A.  D.,  and  the  Franks  had  al- 
ready established  a  station  here  in  263  A.  D.,  on  what  was  then  the  barbaric  world. 
Brunhilde  (a  goddess  of  war,  as  the  word  signfied).  a  warrior  Virgin  in  the  German  epic, 
who  promised  to  be  the  bride  of  the  man  who  could  conquer,  in  three  trials  in  hurling  the 
lance,  in  throwing  the  stone  and  in  leaping  after  the  stone  when  thrown.  Her  story 
forms  a  large  part  of  the  cycle  of  ancient  German  romance,  and  of  the  sleeping 
Brunhilde  (a  goddess  of  war,  as  the  word  signified),  a  warrior  Virgin  in  the  German  epic 
Segurd,  or  Siegfried,  son  of  Seigmund  and  Seiglind,  the  King  and  Queen  of  the  Nether- 
lands, at  Rhineland.  He  is  a  flawless  hero,  strong,  brave,  loyal  and  generous  and  he 
marries  her  and  after  his  death  in  the  second  rendering  she  becomes  the  wife  of  Etzel, 
King  of  the  Goths.  In  its  first,  appearance  Siegfried,  the  hero  of  the  old  German  Epic 
Nibelungen  Ued,  Prince  of  the  Netherlands  and  owner  of  the  Nibelungen  hoard,  his 
widow  or  wife  Kriemhild,  or  Chriemhild.  represented  as  a  woman  of  the  rarest  grace 
and  beauty,  is  sister  of  Gunther.  King  of  Burgundy.  Gunther's  wife,  the  envious  Brun- 
hilda,  causes  him  to  be  murdered  by  her  friend  Hagen,  one  of  Gunther's  followers,  to  ob- 
tain the  coveted  hoard,  but  Gunther  in  revenge  afterwards  slays  Hagen,  the  contemptible 
dwarf  hero. 

Siegfried  cannot  easily  be  identified  with  any  historical  personage.  "In  this  co- 
lossal figure  are  combined  what  Greece  divided,  the  heroic  strength  of  Achilles  and  the 
passion  for  travel  of  Ulysses."  ( Michalet  Trans.)  He  is  represented  as  having  slain  a 
dragon,  vanquished  the  ancient  fabled  royal  race  of  the  Nibelungen,  and  taken  away  their 
immense  treasures  of  gold  and  gems  of  their  King  Nibelunar.  He  wooes  and  finally  wins 
the  beautiful  Chriemhild,  but  is  treacherously  killed  by  the  fierce  and  covetous  Hagen, 
who  seeks  the  treasures  he  has  won  and  buries  them  beneath  the  Rhine.  King  Gunther, 
brother  of  Chriemhild,  a  hero  whose  adventures  are  also  related,  slays  Hagen  sometime 
after  he  has  revealed  the  resting  place  of  the  treasure,  with  the  sword  of  Siegfried, 
"Balmung,"  coincidently,  here  as  noted,  as  the  "Durunder"  of  Orlando  "that  clove  the 
rock,"  the  "Excalibar"  of  Arthur  the  invisible,  or  the  "Burglay"  of  St.  Bevins  of  South- 
ampton. 

220 


Worms,  old  Capital  of  Burgundian  Franks.     Heldenbuch  or  Book  of  Heroes  a  Later  Tale. 

Hornen  Siegfried.     House  of  Swarzburg.     Tourani  Capital  of  Clovis.     Tin    Rosengarten, 

Residence   Of   ('has.    1st.     Romance   of  EginJiard   and    Emma.     Salian    Franks   and    Salic 

Laws.     Descendants  of  the  Conquerors. 

Rudiger  was  the  faithful  squire  of  Chriemhild,  margrave  of  Beechlaren  and  em- 
bassador of  Etzel,  King  of  the  East  Goths,  a  Gascon  Knight  of  King  Pepin,  in  subsequent 
adventures  with  Roderie,  last  King  of  the  Visigoths  of  Spain  in  711  A.  D.  To  become 
Etzel's  wife  she  consents  and  is  associated  with  Theodoric  the  Great,  King  of  the 
Ostrogoths,  455-526  A.  D.,  of  the  Burgundian  Kingdom  of  the  Franks  and  with  their 
treasures  go  to  Worms,  the  gay  capital  of  the  old  Burgundian  Kingdom,  where  thej  re 
main  in  regal  splendor  and  peace  for  some  time  but  after  a  while  fall  in  a  revolt  of 
Attila,  King  of  the  East  Goths  or  Huns  (453  A.  B„  Turanian  or  Asiatic  race),  his  brother, 
over  their  Nibelungen  hoard. 

This  was  followed  later  by  the  "Heldenbuch"  in  the  15th  century  by  a  German 
Kasper  von  der  Rohn,  in  his  Hersiod  "Book  of  Heroes,"  especially  diverting  from  the 
first  two  by  the  introduction  of  a  number  of  names  and  incidents  arbitrarily  adapted  to 
the  history  of  the  Gothic,  Lombard,  Burgundian  and  Hunnic  wars  during  the  5th  and 
Gth  centuries. 

There  are  no  prose  romances  on  these  themes,  but  the  mythical  hero  Siegfried, 
called  Hornen  Siegfried,  gave  his  name  to  the  French  and  English  of  King  Horn,  and 
Rimenhild  being  derived  from  Chriemhild,   wife  of  Siegfried. 

The  house  of  Swarzburg  in  Thuringia  is  one  of  the  oldest  and  noblest  in  Germany. 
The  village  nestles  in  a  lovely  valley  at  the  foot  of  an  isolated  hill  crowned  by  the 
ancient  castle  of  the  princely  line,  and  tradition  traces  its  descent  from  Wittekind  and 
the  kings  of  the  Franks.  Its  historical  ancestors  were  the  counts  of  Kafernburg  from 
which  the  counts  of  Schwarzburg  sprang  about  first  of  the  13th  century.  The  name 
Gunther  then  became  the  distinctive  name  for  members  of  this  house,  whose  last  Count 
Gunther  11th,  passed  away  in  1552. 

Tourani,  the  Flemish  capital  of  Clovis,  on  the  frontier  between  France  and  Germany, 
was  one  of  the  first  places  conquered  by  the  Franks.  The  Burgundians  took  Yondwurm, 
now  Worms,  and  made  it  their  capital  and  Drusus  is  said  to  have  erected  a  fort  on  the 
left  bank  of  the  Rhine  on  the  spot  in  14  B.  C.  The  site  of  the  town  and  its  name  appears 
in  many  of  the  heroic  legends  of  that  people.  King  Gunther  and  Brunhilde  held  their 
court  there  and  Siegfried  there  wooed  the  fair  Chriemhild.  The  Rosengarten,  often 
mentioned  in  these  legends,  lay  on  the  opposite  bank  of  the  Rhine.  Under  the  Fran 
conians  this  town  was  also  important  and  was  the  frequent  residence  of  Charlemagne 
and  his  successors.  The  scene  of  the  graceful  and  historical  romance  and  marriage  of 
Eginhard  and  Emma,  the  beautiful  dau.  of  Charlemagne,  was  laid  here,  as  well  as  that 
of  his  oldest  dau.  Bertha  to  his  secretary,  Angilbert.  It  is  not  till  the  days  of  Hlodowig 
or  Chas.  the  1st,  that  any  light  is  thrown  on  their  institutions.  The  "Lex  Salica,"  the 
law  of  the  Salian  Franks,  and  the  "Lex  Ripuarea"  of  which  the  origin  was  a  little  later, 
founded  undoubtedly  on  the  earlier  Agrarian  Roman  law.  belong  probably  to  the  end 
of  the  5th  and  the  early  part  of  the  Gth  centuries.  This  half  legendary  royal  rivalry 
finds  expression  in  the  regency  strife  between  the  haughty  high-born  Brunehant.  wife  <>i 
Sigebert  King  of  Austrasia,  561-613.  and  Fredegonde,  545-5%,  the  low-born  consort  ol 
Chilperic  1st  King  of  Neustria,  539-5X4,  in  the  early  ruling  of  the  Queen  Mothers,  as 
regents  for  their  young  sons  Chilperic  2nd,  and  Theobert  2nd,  and  Theodoric  2nd,  of  the 
Franks  in  59S  (Enc.  Brit.,  vol.  9,  page  530)  on  which  the  so-called  Salic  law  of  France 
was  afterward  based,  "that  no  woman  was  to  wear  the  crown."  It  ran  as  follows:  lie 
terra  veto  nulla  in  muliare  hereditus  est,  sed  ad  virilem  sexum  qui  fratres  fuerint  tola 
terra  partenest  "  (Inheritance  is  never  through  a  woman,  but  lands  descend  through 
families  by  the' male  line).  And  up  to  the  time  of  the  Revolution  the  French  noblesse 
prided  themselves  on  being  "the  proud  descendants  of  the  conquerors"  in  the  representa- 
tives of  the  Franks  of  Hlodowig,  or  of  Chas.  the  Great  (Charlemagne).  Salic  is  one  ot 
those  Teutonic  laws  of  the  earlv  Middle  Ages  as  regards  their  previous  history,  nothing 
is  known  with  certainty,  but  it  is  probable  that  they  who  occupied  the  Batavian  island  in 
290  A  D  were  conquered  by  Constantus  Chlorus,  and  we  find  a  connection,  "the  Sigambri 
and  the  Salii  and  the  Franks  at  one  time  inhabited  the  town  of  Sirumbria  and  were 
called  Roman  refugees,"  and  this  accounts  for  the  Sigumbrian  cohort  in  the  Thracian  W« 
in  -'6  A  H  St  Remiginus,  when  he  baptized  Clovis,  exhorted  him,  "Mitris  depone  colla 
Sicumber"'  (Greg  Tur  11-13)  (Bow  the  necks  of  the  Sicumbrians  under  the  mitre, 
that  is  in  submission  to  the  authority  of  the  church)  and  Venantius  Tort  .mat  us  i\  It 
says  to  King  Charibert,  "curm  ses  progenitus  clara  de  gente  Sygamber     (born   ol    the 

221 


Genovra  in  Ardinnes.     Goethe's  Poem   of  Hermann  and  Dorothea.     Count  Siegfried  ami 
Successors.       The  Franks  in  Caul.  Afterward  France.     The  Saltan  Franks  in  Belgium  and 
Maine.  France.     Feudal  System   Begins.     The   13th  Century  in  France  and  Italy.     Flem- 
ish.   School   of  Art.     The    Tan    Eycks.     Vander   Weydcns.     Vandyke.     Rubens. 

illustrious  Sygumbrian  clan).  Genovera.  wife  of  Count  Palatine  Siegfried  of  Mayenfield, 
in  the  time  of  Charles  Martel,  left  behind  by  her  husband  while  on  a  march  against 
the  Saracens,  when  on  his  return  found  her  in  the  forest  of  the  Ardinnes  where,  on  be- 
ing traduced,  she  had  fled  from  his  malicious  accusers  and  murderous  intent  and 
estrangement,  to  final  reconciliation,  which  gave  rise  to  Genevieve,  the  heroine  of  a  bal- 
lad by  Coleridge.  Wolfgang  Goethe's  poem  (1779)  of  the  Teutonic  warrior  and  hero 
Hermann  and  Dorothea  the  heroine,  16  B.  C.  to  21  A.  D.  Hermann  of  Luxemberg,  a 
prince  of  the  Cherusci.  who  had  been  educated  at  Rome,  vanquished  the  Roman  Quintilus 
Barus  at  Detmold  in  14  A.  D.,  but  was  overthrown  by  Germanicus,  son  of  Drusus,  near 
Minden  in  16  A.  D.,  his  wife  Thusnelda,  being  taken  a  prisoner  to  Rome  by  her  own 
father,  and  Hermann  afterward  being  slain  by  his  own  kinsman,  21  A.  D.  (He  is  bet- 
ter known  by  his  Latin  name  Armenius  in  history). 

The  founder  of  the  first  line  of  counts  was  Siegfried,  who  acquired  the  castle  of 
Luxemberg  in  A.  D.  963.  Count  Siegfried  (Sigifroi)  obtained  Ardenne  in  Luxemberg, 
Netherlands,  in  1354,  and  then  passed  to,  or  was  seized  by.  Philip,  Duke  of  Burgundy,  in 
1451.  Count  Eustice  of  Boulogne,  the  hero  of  the  first  crusade,  whose  son  died  King 
of  Jerusalem  in  1100,  being  a  former  proprietor. 

Even  long  before  the  fall  of  Rome  the  Pranks  were  on  the  soil  of  Gaul,  laying  there 
the  foundations  of  the  French  nation  and  monarchy.  In  the  3d  century,  287  A.  D.,  we 
find  Franks  upon  the  left  bank  of  the  Rhine  at  Swabia,  the  most  dangerous  enemies  of 
the  Romans,  later  in  407  A.  D.  the  chief  tribe,  the  Salian  Franks,  in  Belgium  and  through- 
out Maine  in  France.  Among  their  several  chieftains  at  this  time  was  Chlodwig,  or 
Clovis.  Upon  the  break  up  of  the  Roman  empire  in  the  West,  Clovis  conceived  the  am- 
bition of  erecting  a  kingdom  upon  the  ruins  of  the  Roman  power.  He  attacked  Syagrius, 
the  Roman  governor  of  Gaul,  and  at  Soissons.  486  A.  D.,  gaining  a  decisive  victory  over 
his  forces.  Thus  was  destroyed  forever  in  Gaul  that  Roman  authority  established  among 
its  barbarian  tribes  more  than  five  centuries  before  by  the  conquests  of  Julius  Caesar. 
Among  these  barbarians  too  were  our  ancestors.  The  destruction  of  the  Roman  empire 
in  the  west  by  the  German  barbarians  is  one  of  the  most  momentous  events  in  history. 
It  marks  a  turning  point  in  the  fortunes  of  mankind,  of  times  and  feelings  which  we 
can  hardly  hope  to  make  the  rising  generation  comprehend.  In  destruction  of  the  Ro- 
man authority,  the  Frankish  feudal  system  begins  in  the  after  regeneration  and  reforma- 
tion of  the  Middle  Ages  and  the  dawn  of  peace. 

No  period  in  the  history  of  civilization  is  of  more  moment  than  the  13th  century. 
This  was  especially  true  of  France  and  Italy  and  Flanders  became  the  metropolis  of  the 
world  and  which  marked  the  spirit  of  the  occasion  in  the  numerous  schools  of  learning, 
science  and  art. 

In  the  13th  to  15th  centuries  the  Flemish  School  of  Art  reached  its  ascendancy.  The 
Van  Eycks,  Hubert  1366-1426,  and  Jean  1390-1440,  stand  at  the  head  and  the  Van  der  Wey- 
dens,  Roger  Sr.,  and  Jr.,  the  most  able  pupils  in  the  new  expression,  as  practiced  a  very 
different  technical  method  from  that  usually  employed  by  the  Florentine  artists,  "paint- 
ing in  tempera"  and  then  glazing  it  over  in  transparent  oil  colors  on  unprimed  linen 
showing  the  fibres  of  the  canvas.  "Worship  of  the  Lamb,"  in  panels  in  Ghent,  1432,  by 
Hubert,  his  masterpiece,  is  the  noblest  creation  of  the  Flemish  school  and  "the  Arnolfini" 
a  portrait  by  Jean,  1433,  in  National  Gallery,  finished  in  minute  detail  and  life-like  color- 
ing cannot  be  surpassed  by  any  other  school.  In  religious  subjects,  "The  Entombment  of 
Christ,"  by  Roger  Van  der  Weyden  the  elder,  1400-1464,  in  the  National  Gallery,  is  one 
of  the  loveliest  pictures  in  the  world,  both  as  a  figure  painting  and  from  its  exquisite 
miniature  landscape  and  town  in  the  distance  all  glowing  with  the  warm  light  of  the  set- 
ting sun,  and  "St.  Mary  Magdalene,"  by  the  younger  Roger  Van  der  Weyden,  1450-1520,  is 
in  color  and  minute  detail  magnificent  beyond  all  description,  and  in  the  16th  century, 
Rubens,  Flemish  painter  1577-1640,  not  only  excels,  but  stands  at  the  head  as  a  portrait 
painter  and  master  of  portraiture.  "The  Assumption  of  the  Virgin"  at  Antwerpt,  and 
among  others  which  are  the  "Chapeau  de  Poil"  in  National  Gallery,  well  shows  were 
among  the  greatest  and  most  renowned  pictures  the  world  has  ever  seen,  and  his  great 
number  of  pictures  are  to  be  found  in  all  the  galleries  of  Europe. 

Later  Sir  Anthony  Van  Dyke,  Flemish  portrait  painter,  1599-1641,  is  one  of  the  most 
brilliant  figures  in  the  history  of  art.     Among  religious  work  his  "Crucifixions"  in  the 

222 


Music  Also  Hath  its  Charms.  German  Music  mid  Masters.  Bach.  Handel.  Mozart. 
Beethoven.     Schubert.     Wagner.     Others.    Marvelous  Operas.  Symphonies  and  Cantatas. 

"The  Quest  of  the  Toilers." 

great  Cathedrals,  and  other  works  in  the  galleries  of  Europe,  are  termed  the  finest  pic- 
tures in  the  world.  Rubens  ("Peter  Paul),  Flemish  painter  1577-1640,  the  most  eminent 
representative  of  Flemish  art  and  one  of  the  greatest  painters  of  any  school,  in  his  "De- 
scent from  the  Cross"  and  other  great  works,  as  a  contemporary  and  coworker,  was  ex- 
ceptional, precisely  through  the  sweep  and  power  of  his  imagination,  but  Van  Dyke,  ap- 
plying the  same  principles  to  portrait  painting  was  no  less  exceptional  and  attained  to  a 
degree  of  excellence  and  perfection  seldom  if  ever  equalled  before.     (Art  critic). 

Music  also  hath  its  charms.  It  is  mostly  to  Germany  that  we  are  to  look  for  the 
art  and  science  of  music,  "that  concord  of  sweet  sounds,"  or  to  be  more  exact,  "that  fine 
vocal  or  instrumental  art  of  which  the  object  is  to  utter  and  arouse  emotion  by  succes- 
sions of  harmonious  blendings  and  combinations  of  ordered  and  regulated  sounds,  pleas 
ing  to  the  ear  and  soul  of  man,"  of  which  she  has  attained  to  a  perfection  unparalleled  in 
her  compositions,  productions  and  contributions  in  her  Universities  and  conservatories 
under  such  an  array  of  masters  as  Sachs,  1494-1576;  Bach,  1685-1750;  Handel,  1685-1759; 
Gluck,  1714-1787;  Hayden,  1732-1809;  Martini,  1741-1816;  Mozart,  1756-1791;  Beethoven, 
1770-1S27;  Schubert.  1797-1828;  Schuman,  1810-1856;  Chopin,  1810-1849;  Liszt,  1811-1886; 
Mendelssohn.  1809-1847;  Wagner,  1813-1883;  Rubenstein,  1829-;  and  others  in  the  great 
schools  and  academies  at  Leipsic,  1842,  Munich,  Berlin.  Brussels  and  Paris  which  finally 
extended  to  London  and  South  Kensington,  Eng.,  in  1876  and  all  over  Europe  and  Amer- 
ica in  the  marvellous  operas,  symphonies,  cantatas  and  Te  Deums  of  the  great  Cathe- 
drals of  sacred  music  in  pealing  forth,  "Glory  to  God  in  the  highest,  peace  on  earth  and 
good  will  to  man." 

"The  Quest  of  the  Toilers,  or  How  the  Old  Gave  Way  to  the  New."     (Selected). 

"The  world  is  old,  the  way  is  long;  its  undaunted  toilers  ply  their  ceaseless  labors  still. 
A  heavy  laden  weary  throng  ambition  lures  and  cheers  them  on,  ascending  now  the  far 

famed  cloud  capped  hill. 
Progression's  hill  top  they  must  climb,  its  mist  clad,  gloomy  summit  hid  from  sight. 
Where're  they  go,  what  e're  they  do!     "Perfection  is  a  thing  sublime,  not  yet  revealed 

to  mortal's  light." 
From  morn  to  noon  and  late  at  night,  through  thick  and  thin,  they  work  to  win,  and  gain 

the  right. 

From  east,  from  west,  from  north,  from  south  of  every  race,  the  free,  the  slave,  the  man. 

the  child. 
Bravely  forward  they  journey  on  and  venture  forth,  an  eager  throng,  into  the  untrodden 

boundless  wild. 
They  still  pursuing  struggle  on,  an  anxious  stream,  in  art,  in  craft,  in  thought,  to  rise 

up  higher. 
I  see  them  in  procession  pass,  as  in  a  dream,  half  marvelling  they  never  rest  nor  tire. 
Onward  they  press  and  go,  to  toil  and  delve,  "for  such  the  plan,  to  finish  the  work  their 

sires  began." 

Their  fathers'  paths  they  leave  behind,  revered  perhaps,  but  "Time  and  tide  must  bear 

them  on." 
And  oft  they  sadly  call  to  mind  the  great  eventful  past,  irredeemably  lost  and  gone. 
Half  joy,  half  sorrow,  the  long  and  toilsome  way,  all  fraught  with  unimagined  change. 
Transient  the  Past,  an  honored  day,  by  genius  wrought,  the  dim  veiled  Future  new  and 

strange. 
So  goes  the  old  with  long  enduring  hope  and  fear,  and  in  comes  the  new  with  promised 

cheer. 

What  is  the  present?  great  or  mean?  noble  or  worthless  their  new  untried  advance. 

A  tragic  or  a  gladsome  scene?  or  some  strange  fantasy,  and  interlude  of  hope  and  chance. 

The  toilers  discard  the  old  and  see  not  as  they  go,  on  and  on  they  bend  beneath  their 
burdens  weight. 

The  way  is  long  and  steep,  but  as  in  Moab,  Nebo  led  to  view,  they  yearn  to  know  the  hid- 
den issue  of  their  book  of  fate 

How  they  come  and  go,  from  school  and  church,  to  college  dome,  'the  royal  road  to  knowl- 
edge still  unknown." 

223 


"The  Toilers:'     (Continued). 

The  darkness  still  obscures  the  day,  but  aspiring  Faith's  all  mighty  tidal  wave, 

Bears  into  the  bright  glimmerings  as  of  the  hand   of  Midas  far  away,   success  to  the 

dauntless  spirits  of  the  brave. 
So  toiling  man  doth  leave  behind  the  vag'ries  and  follies  of  the  o'erlived  Past,  he  did  so 

long  revere 
And  excelling  in  the  unstable  Present,  a  joyful  band,  find  a  more  glorious  and  perfect 

future  drawing  near. 
So  came  the  host  from  far  and  wide,  to  strive  and  strain,  the  precious  goal  and  honored 

prize  to  gain. 

They'll  leave  behind  them  as  they  wisely  rise,  the  mount  of  Progress  ever  climbing  higher, 
All  wars  of  malice,  hatred,  ignorance  and  greed,  with  error,  misery  and  vice,  fraught  of 

envy,  evil,  anger,  or  low  desire. 
Striving  only  for  the  right,  and  law  and  order  to  prevail,  toward  all  that's  good  and  true 

and  dear 
Among  them  we  may  gladly  hail  the  incoming  generation  new,  fraught  with  Truth  and 

virtue  without  fear. 
They'll  begin  this  new  era's  dawn  to  teach,  the  rising  days,  the  better  ways  of  peace  to 

reach. 

They'll  surely  help  to  reform,  uplift,  upbuild  and  better  this  seemingly  grim  old,  but 
plastic  earth. 

Around  the  world,  in  every  city,  village,  hamlet,  town,  until  attained  from  palace  to  cot- 
tage hearth. 

Let's  join  hearts  and  hands  as  they  journey  on,  in  spreading  peace  and  comfort,  joy  and 
brother  love, 

And  in  so  doing  will  extend  and  fulfill  the  prophecy  and  wish  of  Christ  and  will  of  God 
above. 

With  him  in  sight,  from  present  wrong  to  eternal  right,  the  darksome  way  shall  end  in 
heavenly  light. 

Thus  attaining,  step  by  step,  since  time  began,  we  see  the  ready  gain  and  steady  rise  of 
man. 


224 


Retrospection.  Progression.  Ralph  Waldo  Emerson.  Object:  To  Enlarge  the  Horizon 
of  Our  Brotherhood;  to  Illumine  the  Dim  Pages  of  Ancient  History.  We  submit  This 
Genealogical  Research  to  Friends  and  Members  of  the  Family.  Quickly  Available  from 
the  Reference  Helps,     of  Interest   and    Value   to  Heads  and   Descendants.     Interesting 

Romances.  Facts  anil  Fvcnts. 

"If  a  man  write  a  better  book,  preach  a  better  sermon,  or  make  a  better  basket  than 
his  neighbor,  though  he  build  his  house  in  the  woods,  the  world  will  make  a  beaten  path 
to  his  door."  Ralph  Waldo  Emerson,  "the  sage  of  Concord,"  Synopsis.  With  all  the 
wealth  of  knowledge  which  is  contained  in  innumerable  libraries  in  the  lure  of  books, 
there  is  a  place  for  one,  I  trust,  to  find  favor  with  the  mystic  shrine  of  the  muses,  to 
bring  out  of  the  dark  corners  and  recesses  of  past  ages,  to  learn  the  strange  legends  of  a 
great  people  and  their  undaunted  heroes,  "that  maketh  truth  to  burn  more  radiantly  in 
the  lamp  of  discovery,  whose  adventures  and  explorations  enlarge  the  vision 
and  extend  the  horizon  of  our  brotherhood."  The  compiler  has  endeavored  to 
make  an  interesting  collection  of  romance,  incidents  and  facts  and  trusts  the  readers 
will  find  entertainment  as  well  as  valuable  information  "that  giveth  light  to  the  pursuit 
and  maketh  the  sun  to  shine  more  brightly  than  it  was  wont  to  do,"  to  illuminate  the 
dim  pages  of  ancient  history,  which  we  are  now  pleased  to  submit  to  you  in  this 
genealogical  research.  We  sought  only  for  that  information  that  will  present  in  concise 
and  accessible  form,  facts,  figures  and  concentrated  data,  which  are  veritable  flashlights 
upon  the  past,  such  as  is  of  frequent  request  by  friends  of  the  family  and  yet  not  easily 
found,  to  be  had  in  terse  assembly,  but  which  lay  scattered  about  in  publications  of 
various  kinds  and  times  and  rarely  accessible  to  most  readers  of  the  family,  but  to  be- 
stow much  time  and  work  upon  in  the  modern  searchlight  of  hasty  or  speedy  enlighten- 
ment.    "Learning  by  study  must  be  won.     Tis  ne'er  entailed  from  sire  to  son."   (Gray). 

In  gathering  the  reference  helps  contained  in  these  pages  effort  has  been  made  to 
present  only  such  valuable  items  of  family  history  as  will  be  of  the  most  practical  charac- 
ter, useful  and  reliable  at  one  time  and  another  all  along  the  line  to  every  member  of  the 
family  and  at  the  same  time  quickly  available  from  the  index  and  head  lines  and  in 
such  a  form  easily  accessible,  as  well  as  permanently  valuable  either  for  their  own  satis- 
faction or  for  the  adjustment  or  settlement  of  those  differences  of  opinion  which  are  con- 
stantly arising  as  we  behold  them  in  the  light  of  other  days.  In  fine  it  is  intended  es- 
sentially as  a  book  for  the  whole  of  the  family  and  its  kindred,  a  book  containing  some- 
thing of  interest  and  value  to  every  member  into  whose  hands  this  work  shall  fall,  and  in 
such  a  form  as  to  spread  forth  a  faithful  narrative  of  facts,  pleasing  in  variety,  for  the 
assistance  of  future  generations  and  their  posterity,  it  being  "rather  an  historical  sum- 
mary of  'finished  things,'  as  well  as  a  record  of  their  doings  up  to  the  present  time." 

Trusting  that  it  has  been  sufficiently  full  of  pleasant  descriptions  and  effects  as  1<i 
appeal  to  you,  and  that  the  way  may  not  seem  so  wearisome  and  long  with  a  thread  of 
romance  at  times  running  all  through,  as  not  to  tire  you  in  the  genealogical  connection 
and  narration  thereof,  with  its  strivings  not  alone  for  entertainment  but  for  useful  in- 
struction and  knowledge  of  facts  and  events.  We  now  offer  you  this  "Buck  Family 
Book"  as  the  best  means  of  promoting  better  acquaintance  between  the  families,  their 
descendants  and  friends,  believing  that  practical  and  useful  knowledge  insures  to  the 
general  advantage  while  the  agency  of  distribution  of  that  knowledge  is  none  the  less 
worthy  of  that  reciprocation  which  makes  for  the  successful  and  self-contained  com- 
munity or  branch  of  which  each  member  has  the  best  interests  of  the  others  at  heart, 
in  family  ties,  to  knit  and  draw  them  together  in  friendship  and  affection. 

If  therefore  it  shall  be  the  good  fortune  of  this  work  to  render  a  helping  hand  in  new 
light,  sought  for  in  time  of  need,  or  to  provide  information  when  required  that  guideth 
aright  the  belated  brother  and  hurried  fellow  traveler,  then  its  purpose  will  have  been 
served  and  its  aim  fully  accomplished. 

Then  not  only  the  book  itself,  but  the  channel  of  reception,  are  not  only  entitled  to 
consideration  but  assured  of  it  through  the  constant  reminder  which  this  work  will  bear 
those  who  receive  it  in  a  sense  of  gratitude. 

The  study  of  family  history  is  believed  to  be  every  way  worthy  of  attention,  as  we 
in  a  measure' enter  into  the  feeling  and  interest  of  those  who  have  gone  before  us.  II' 
it  has  caused  England  to  reappear  in  William  the  Conqueror,  before  the  days  of  Henry 
the  8th,  and  dispelled  the  mists  that  had  settled  on  early  France  and  Flanders  and  on  the 
castle  bordered  Rhine,  and  flashed  a  searchlight  over  western  and  eastern  Europe.  How 
Godfrey  of  Jerusalem  and  England's  Kingly  knight  awoke  to  lead  the  fight,  from  tin- 
clash  of  Saladin's  airy  scimetar  and  the  ponderous  sword  of  Richard  Cour  d'  Lion,  and 

225 


Better  Acquaintance  and  Appreciation  of  Our  Forefathers.  Bound  Together  in  Family 
Ties.  Motive:  to  Render  a  helping  Hand  in  the  Stud//  of  this  Family  History  and  in  Re- 
cital  of  its  Great  Events  and  (food  Will  to  All.  Heirs  of  a  Noble  Heritage.  Step  by  Step 
Accomplished.  Nigh  Unto  the  Final  Page.  Reflections.  In  Conclusion.  Summary.  Im- 
partial Favoritism  and  Endearments.     Response  and  Admiration  of  an  Honorable  Name. 

"Mortality"  by  "Wm.  Knox. 

the  torch  of  the  fiendish  Nero,  of  Rome,  to  the  blows  of  Achilles  at  Troy,  the  ancient 
metropolis  of  Asia  Minor,  and  the  nation  building  voyages  of  Ulysses  and  Aeneas  as  our 
earliest  ancestors.  This  is  all  I  ask  as  a  just  recompense  and  as  an  expression  of  its 
good  will  to  all  concerned.  Such  a  recital  as  this  cannot  fail  to  make  us  more  apprecia- 
tive and  grateful  for  the  peaceful  times  in  which  we  are  permitted  to  live,  turbulent 
as  they  sometimes  may  seem  to  appear  from  the  terrible  carnage  at  present  in  Europe. 
We  of  this  20th  century  may  esteem  ourselves  fortunate  in  being  the  heirs  of  a  noble 
heritage.  If  our  cursory  glance  at  those  faraway  times  has  done  nothing  more  than 
this,  then  we  should  never  again  regard  history  as  ungrateful  as  many  times  has  been 
our  wont  from  what  it  seemed  at  first.  We  shall  see  everything  in  a  new  light.  We 
shall  see  the  story  of  man  to  be  more  wonderful  than  we  once  thought,  the  path  which 
he  followed  to  be  longer  and  more  toilsome  than  we  ever  imagined.  But  our  interest  in 
the  traveler  will  have  been  deepened  through  our  knowing  more  of  his  origin,  of  his  early 
hard  and  narrow  life,  and  of  his  first  steps  in  the  path  of  civilization,  and  the  awaken- 
ing of  a  noble  Christianity,  and  what  he  has  achieved  and  accomplished.  "And  step  by 
step  since  time  began,  we  see  the  steady  rise  and  gain  of  man." 

So  the  generations  of  man  have  come  and  gone,  and  I  find  I  am  nigh  unto  the  final 
page,  "the  heir  of  all  the  ages."  "My  first  narration's  a  mere  scrape  of  the  pen,"  have 
woven  into  continuous  history,  having  grown  to  a  volume  and  now  in  my  75th  year,  "on 
borrowed  time,"  am  thankful  that  the  years  have  been  so  good  to  me,  as  to  permit  me 
in  my  own  time  and  way  to  gather  together  and  present  so  full  a  history.  "For  age  is 
opportunity  no  less  than  youth  itself,  though  in  another  dress."  "The  Halcyon  days  of 
peace  possess,  and  tranquility  prevails  with  us  to  bless."  To  relate  to  and  interest  my 
children  was  my  primary  object.  To  extend  the  domain  of  human  sympathy  and  love  to  a 
more  intimate  and  extended  acquaintance  of  the  families  at  large  the  great  and  growing 
design. 

I  have  tried  to  be  unprejudiced  and  impartial.  If  I  have  erred  in  favoritism  it  is 
because  I  have  naturally  followed  the  impulses  of  affection,  rather  than  those  of  de- 
preciation and  1  am  content  and  happy  that  after  the  most  careful  study  and  research 
of  these  bright  and  shining  lights  whose  lives  enrich  and  exalt  the  world  in  which  they 
lived,  and  the  enchanting  and  illuminating  spots  left  all  along  the  line  of  rugged  path- 
way which  they  trod  have  only  endeared  them  the  more  to  me  and  I  trust  has  awakened 
in  you  a  like  favor  and  response.  Now  as  I  lay  down  my  pen  from  the  long  labors  of 
this  high  purpose  and  worthy  calling  it  is  with  greater  respect,  with  a  more  affectionate 
regard  and  with  a  deeper  admiration  for  them  all  than  ever,  and  now  in  taking  leave 
of  my  friends  and  readers,  I  venture  the  hope  that  through  my  sincere  and  conscientious 
work  in  spite  of  its  faults  and  shortcomings  of  which  I  am  not  insensible  or  unconscious, 
I  have  contributed  not  a  little,  but  much,  towards  the  probable  origin,  history  and  de- 
scent of  an  honorable  name  as  borne  out  by  the  various  cognomens  of  Buck  in  the  count- 
less annals  of  the  past.  SAMUEL  BUCK. 

It  seems  fitting  to  close  with  the  favorite  poem  of  Abraham  Lincoln,  "Mortality,  or 
O,  Why  Should  the  Spirit  of  Mortal  be  Proud?"  by  William  Knox,  (1789-1825). 

0,  why  should  the  spirit  of  mortal  be  proud? 
Like  a  swift  fleeting  meteor,  a  fast  flying  cloud, 
A  flash  of  the  lightning,  a  break  of  the  wave 
Man  passes  from  life  to  his  rest  in  the  grave. 

The  leaves  of  the  oak  and  the  willow  shall  fade, 

Be  scattered  around  and  together  be  laid; 

And  the  young  and  the  old  and  the  low  and  the  high. 

Shall  moulder  to  dust  and  together  shall  die. 
The  infant  the  mother  attended  and  loved. 
The  mother  that  infant's  affection  which  proved; 
The  husband  that  mother  and  infant  who  blessed 
Each,  all,  are  away  to  their  dwellings  of  rest. 

The  maid  on  whose  cheek,  on  whose  brow,  in  whose  eye. 

Shone  beauty  and  pleasure — her  triumphs  are  by; 

226 


"Mortality."     (Continued) . 

And  the  memory  of  those  who  loved  her  and  praised 
Are  alike  from  the  minds  of  the  living  erased 

The  hand  of  the  king  that  the  sceptre  hath  borne; 

The  brow  of  the  priest  that  the  mitre  hath  worn; 

The  eye  of  the  sage  and  the  heart  of  the  brave 

Are  hidden  and  lost  in  the  depth  of  the  grave. 
The  peasant  whose  lot  was  to  sow  and  to  reap. 
The  herdsman  who  climbed  with  his  goats  up  the  steep. 
The  beggar,  who  wandered  in  search  of  his  bread, 
Have  faded  away  like  the  grasses  we  tread. 

The  saint  who  enjoyed  the  communion  of  heaven, 

The  sinner  who  dared  to  remain  unforgiven. 

The  wise  and  the  foolish,  the  guilty  and  just. 

Have  quietly  mingled  their  bones  in  the  dust. 

So  the  multitude  goes  like  the  flower  and  weed 
That  wither  away  to  let  others  succeed; 
So  the  multitude  comes,  even  those  we  behold 
To  repeat  every  tale  that  hath  often  been  told. 

For  we  are  the  same  things  our  fathers  have  been. 

We  see  the  same  sights  that  our  fathers  have  seen — 

We  drink  the  same  stream  and  we  feel  the  same  sun, 

And  run  the  same  course  that  our  fathers  have  run. 

The  thoughts  we  are  thinking  our  fathers  would  think; 
Prom  the  death  we  are  shrinking  from,  they,  too,  would  shrink; 
To  the  life  we  are  clinging  to,  they,  too,  would  cling; 
But  it  speeds  from  the  earth  like  a  bird  on  the  wing. 

They  loved,  but  their  story  we  cannot  unfold; 

They  scorned,  but  the  heart  of  the  haughty  is  cold; 

They  grieved,  but  no  wail  from  their  slumber  will  come; 

They  joyed,  but  the  voice  of  their  gladness  is  dumb. 

They  died — ay!  they  died!  and  we  things  that  are  now, 
Who  walk  on  the  turf  that  lies  over  their  brow, 
Who  made  in  their  dwellings  a  transient  abode. 
Meet  the  changes  they  met  on  their  pilgrimage  road. 

Yes  hope  and  despondence  and  pleasure  and  pain, 

Are  mingled  together  in  sunshine  and  rain; 

And  the  smile  and  the  tear,  the  song  and  the  dirge. 

Still  follow  each  other  like  surge  upon  surge. 

'Tis  the  twink  of  an  eye.  'tis  the  draught  of  a  breath, 
Prom  the  blossom  of  health  to  the  paleness  of  death. 
Prom  the  gilded  saloon  to  the  bier  and  the  shroud— 
O.  why  should   the  spirit  of  mortal  be  proud? 


227 


THE  GOOSE  GIRL  GRETCHEN. 
The  (loose  Girl  Gretchen,  of  the  Netherlands.     (Harold  McGrath's  most  famous  romantic 

drama). 

The  relation  of  the  Goose  Girl  of  Holland  and  the  Netherlands  bore  to  history  of 
Flanders.  In  Caesar's  time  28  to  47  A.  D.,  he  found  Galla-Belgica,  as  it  was  then  called, 
inhabited  by  the  Belgae  and  Oatti,  or  Celts.  "The  bravest  of  them  all  were  the  Belgians." 
(Caesar's  report).  Afterward  the  Fresians,  Saxons  and  Franks  inhabited  the  greater 
portion.  For  several  centuries,  5th  and  6th  inclusive,  the  history  of  the  Franks  is  the 
history  of  the  Netherlands  which  embraced  Holland,  Belgian  and  a  part  of  northern 
France.  Sometime  after  Burgundy,  Belgium  and  Flanders  were  retained  and  Holland 
was  established  in  eleven  provinces.  Robert  the  Fresian,  ruling  over  the  courtship  of 
Holland  and  Friesland  in  1067,  in  right  of  the  countess  Gertrude,  where  "The  descend- 
ants of  a  hundred  Earls  has  wayward  longings  for  the  goose  Girl  Gretchen,"  (see  page 
154)  and  thus  we  have  the  popular  story  coming  down  to  us  in  the  beautiful  production 
of  the  Graustark  version. 

Synopsis  of  the  story:  Count  Von  Herbeck,  chancellor  to  the  Grand  Duke  Gott- 
fried of  Ehrenstein,  has  ambitions  which  have  forced  him  to  keep  his  marriage  secret. 
The  dying  wish  of  his  wife  is  that  he  shall  do  everything  to  make  their  daughter  a  great 
lady  and  he  determines  to  make  her  "a  Queen."  Von  Herbeck  goes  disguised  to  a  gypsy 
camp  nearby,  meets  Torpete,  one  of  the  gypsies,  and  arranges  for  the  abduction  of  the 
Grand  Duke's  daughter,  the  little  princess  Hildegarde.  The  gypsy  steals  the  Princess 
who  is  marked  by  an  incidental  wound  and  scar  inflicted  by  her  pursuers  and  brings  to 
Von  Herbeck  her  coat,  hat  and  locket.  The  Count  puts  these  seeming  evidences  of 
identity  on  his  own  child  whom  he  sends  with  money  for  her  care  and  education,  to  a 
family  in  Dresden. 

Little  Princess  Hildegarde.  abandoned  by  the  gypsies,  falls  into  the  hands  of  kind 
peasants,  who  adopt  her.  Meanwhile  the  Grand  Duke  is  overcome  with  sorrow  at  the  loss 
of  his  only  child,  but  is  encouraged  by  Von  Herbeck  who  says  he  will  search  until  he 
finds  her  again. 

Fifteen  years  later  we  see  the  Princess  as  Gretchen,  the  Goose  Girl,  the  pretty 
maiden  gooseherd  with  her  stately  flock  of  gobbling  geese  as  they  came  pompously 
marching  up  from  the  little  lake  to  feed  on  the  grassy  hillside  and  whose  cries  were 
ever  made  famous  in  legend  and  story  as  arousing  the  sleeping  garrison  that  saved  the 
destruction  of  Rome. 

Count  Von  Herbeck.  carrying  out  his  plans,  tells  the  Duke  he  has  found  the  Prin- 
cess, brings  in  his  own  daughter  and  produces  the  hat,  coat  and  locket  in  evidence.  The 
Grand  Duke  is  overwhelmed  with  joy.  At  the  same  time  that  these  events  are  transpir- 
ing King  Frederick  of  Jugendhelt.  for  reasons  of  state  and  to  prevent  war  between 
Jugenhelt  and  Ehrenstein,  is  betrothed  to  the  false  Princess,  whom  he  has  never  seen. 
He  rebels  and  runs  away  dressing  as  a  vintner  to  hide  his  identity.  Gretchen,  the  rosy 
Gooseherd,  driving  her  swanly  flock  along  the  sequestered  roadway  is  met  by  Count 
Von  Wallenstein  who  is  struck  by  her  beauty,  offers  a  helping  hand,  and  asks  for  a  kiss 
which  she  refuses  and  he  tries  to  take.  Frederick  arrives  on  the  scene  and  a  quarrel 
ensues  which  is  stopped  only  by  the  Grand  Duke  who  comes  riding  by  on  horseback  with 
his  attendants.  The  Duke  then  leaves  threatening  Frederick  and  the  Goose  Girl  with 
his  vengeance. 

Gretchen,  the  Goose  Girl,  thanks  Frederick  for  his  aid,  and  the  King,  fascinated  by 
tin'  Goose  Girl's  charm,  asks  permission  to  accompany  her  on  her  onward  way.  She 
consents  and  he  goes  to  her  home  where  he  is  welcomed  by  her  foster  parents,  Hans  and 
Erma. 

Count  Wallenstein  meets  Torpete,  now  fifteen  years  older  and  hires  the  gypsy,  who 
formerly  stole  the  little  Princess  to  steal  Gretchen  and  bring  her  to  his  castle.  On 
learning  of  the  abduction,  the  young  King  Frederick  follows  him  home.  Looking  from 
the  park  he  can  see  the  Count  and  Gretchen  in  the  window,  up  to  which  he  climbs  by 
means  of  the  ivy  clinging  to  the  walls  and  casements.  He  enters  the  room,  a  duel  takes 
place  and  during  the  struggle  the  Count  is  fatally  wounded  and  dies  soon  after  in  the 
hospital,  bearing  their  escape. 

The  false  Hildegarde  has  met  the  foreign  consul,  Earl  Goodwin,  of  England  at 
court,  and  also  the  Prince  Regent  of  France  and  they  fall  in  love  with  each  other,  though 
he  knows  he  cannot  marry  her  because  of  her  supposed  royal  blood.  When  the  Duke 
banishes  Von  Herbeck  from  the  country,  the  false  Princess  chooses  to  accompany  her 

228 


Goose  Girl.     (Continued). 

father  to  Prance.  The  Prince  Regent  of  France  meeting  them  on  shipboard  finds  him- 
self at  last  free  to  confess  his  love  and  he  invites  them  to  Paris  and  they  are  married 
soon  after  and  sail  for  England.  Though  the  King  is  in  love  with  Gretchen,  whose 
identity  he  does  not  yet  know,  he  believes  marriage  with  her  to  be  utterly  impossible  and 
decides  to  do  his  royal  duty  by  marrying  the  Princess  Hildegarde.  But  it  is  Gretchen 
herself  who,  clad  in  royal  raiment  is  waiting  to  receive  the  King.  Frederick,  King  of 
Jugenhelt,  steps  forward  to  take  the  Princess'  hand  and  recognizes  in  her  his  little 
Goose  Girl,  whom  he  admires  so  much,  and  so  all  goes  well  as  later  in  our  fancy  we  be- 
hold the  Gooseherd  and  "ponder  at  the  old  Grey  Goose  and  Gander  with  green  and  golden 
Goslings  without  number  on  the  little  lakes  and  meadows  of  the  lowlands  as  they 
wander." 

READERS  HANDBOOK  ILLUSTRATIONS. 

References. — In  Character  Sketches  of  Romance,  fiction  and  the  drama.  A  revised 
American  edition  of  the  Reader's  Handbook,  by  Rev.  E.  Cobham  Brewer,  L.  L.  D.,  Trinity 
Hall,  Cambridge,  Eng.  Edited  by  Marion  Harland  and  published  by  Selman  Hess,  New 
York,  in  S  vols.,  1902.     The  following  illustrations  may  be  found: 

"Aeneas,  relating  his  story  of  Destruction  of  Troy  to  Queen  Dido  of  Carthage,"  vol. 
1st,  page  12.     P.  Guerin,  artist.     F.  Forester,  engraver. 

"Boadicia,"  early  Queen  of  Britain  in  her  war  chariot  and  her  2  outraged  dans," 
G2  A.  D.,  vol  1st,  page  146.     Thos.  Stothard.  artist,  William  Sharp,  engraver. 

"Genevieve  de  Barbant  and  infant  son  in  forest  of  Ardennes,"  "wife  of  Count 
Palatine  Siegfried  of  Mayenfield,  in  time  of  Chas.  Martel,"  vol.  1st,  page  15S.  Ernst 
Bosch,  artist.     R.   Jericke,  engraver. 

Blackmore's  "Lorna  Doone."  her  lover,  "John  Ridd  and  Sir  Ensor"  in  "Romance  of 
Exmoor,"  18fi9,  vol.  2,  frontispiece.     Howard  Pyle,  artist. 

Tennyson's  "Elaine,"  in  her  "Flowery  Funeral  Barge,"  "The  Lily  Maid  of  Astolat. 
who  pined  and  died  for  Lancelot,"  vol.  2,  page  304.  Toby  B.  Rosenthal,  artist,  per. 
Berlin  Photo  Co. 

Scott's  "Ellen,"  "The  Lady  of  the  Lake,"  "dau.  of  Douglas,  favorite  of  King  James 
at  Loch  Katrine,"  "A  Chieftain's  Dau.  seemed  the  Maid,"  vol.  2,  page  372.  J.  Adams 
Acton,  sculptor.     E.   Stodart,  engraver. 

Longfellow's  "Evangeline,"  "Huguenot  maiden  and  her  lover  Gabriel,"  1755.  Vol.  2, 
page  400.     Edwin  Douglas,  artist.     A.  C.  Alais,  engraver. 

"The  Fates,"  of  Parcoe,  or  "Destinies  personified."  "Clotho  held  the  distaff  and 
spun  the  thread  of  life  (spinner).  Lachosis  drew  it  out  and  measured  it  (disposer). 
Atropos,  with  her  shears,  cut  it  off  (the  inevitable)."  Homer's  Iliad,  vol.  3,  frontis- 
piece.    Paul  Thurman,  artist. 

"King  Gunther  of  Burgundy  and  (wife)  Brunhilda  Queen  of  Issland,"  vol.  3.  page 
132.     B.  Guth,  artist.     A.  C.  Alais,  engraver. 

"The  Abduction  of  Helen,"  by  "Paris,  Prince  of  Troy,"  vol.  3,  page  160.  R.  Van 
Deutscb,  artist.  ("Helen,  the  greatest  beauty  of  her  age  is  destined  to  be  transported  to 
a  foreign  land."     Homer's  Iliad). 

"Hector  and  Andromache,"  "Andromache  lovingly  married  and  fed  the  horses  of 
Hector,"  vol.  3,  page  156.     A.  Maignon,  artist.     A.  C.  Alais.  engraver. 

Goethe's  "Hermann  and  Dorothea,"  "The  Hero  and  the  Heroine,"  vol.  3,  page  166.  W. 
Van  Kaulbach,  artist. 

"Hero  (Priestess  of  Venus)  and  Leander,"  "who  often  swam  the  Hellespont  to  visit 
his  lady  love,"  vol.  3,  page  170.     Fred  Keller,  artist.     M.  Weber,  engraver. 

"Lancelot  and  Elaine,"  "loves  of  Elaine,  dau.  of  King  Pelles,  of  the  Isle  of  Avillon." 
From  Tennyson's  "Idyls  of  the  King,"  vol.  4,  page  294. 

Burns'  "Highland  Mary,"  (Mary  Campbell)  "I  love  a  bonny,  blithesome  Highland 
lassie  maid,"  vol.  5,  page  24.     B.  C.  Spence,  sculptor.     Edwin  Roffe,  engraver. 

"Mr.  Oldbuck  and  Jenny."  His  waiting  maid,  in  Scott's  Romance  of  "the  Antiquary." 
"Jonathan  Oldbuck,"  Scotland,  vol.  5.  page  120.  Rob.  Herdman,  artist.  Robert  C. 
Bell,  engraver. 

"Penelope,"  "the  faithful  wife  of  Ulysses,"  "with  her  never  finished  work  to  deieat 
her  suitors,"  vol.  5,  page  182.     Van  Deutsch,  artist.     R.  Brend    (Amour),  engraver. 

"Pygmalion."  "brother  of  Queen  Dido  and  Galatea,"  and  her  rustic  lover  Poly- 
phemus (Sicilian  figures),  vol.  6.  page  262.     Joan  Raux,  artist. 

"Roland,"  "nephew  of  Charlemagne  at  Battle  of  Roncesvalles,"  a  pass  between 
Spain  and  France,  A.  D.  778,  vol.  6,  page  310.     Louis  Guesnet,  artist.     A  Closs,  engraver. 

229 


Readers  Handbook   Illustrations.     (Continued). 

"Sappho,"  the  Lyric  poetess  of  Mytaline  Antiquity,  600  B.  C,  vol.  7,  page  16.  \V. 
Knag,  artist.     Boericke.  engraver. 

"Siegfried  awakens  Brunhield."  "The  warrior  virgin  asleep  in  the  (German) 
forest  and  her  lover."  Vol.  7,  page  48.  Otto  Dormer  Van  Richter,  artist.  R.  Bong, 
engraver. 

"Kriemhild  (The  Beautiful)  at  Siegfried's  Bier,"  vol.  7,  page  50.  Emil  Lauffer, 
artist.    ( Nebelungen  Leid). 

"Telemachus  and  Calypso,"  (who  detained  Ulysses)  "in  his  wanderings  and  in  ad- 
ventures of  Telemachus  in  search  of  his  father,"  vol.  7,  page  82.  Jean  Raux,  artist. 
Jacques  T.  Beauvarlet,  engraver. 

"Thetis  bringing  the  Armor  to  Achilles."  "At  the  request  of  Thetis,  the  mother  of 
Achilles,  Vulcan  forged  for  her  son  a  suit  of  Armor,"  vol.  7,  page  100.  Benj.  West, 
artist.     William  Bond,  engraver. 

"Pyramus  and  Thisbe,"  "beloved  of  Pyramus."  "Typical  lovers  among  the  Greeks 
and  Romans."     Vol.  7,  page  104.     E.  Long,  artist. 

"The  death  of  Tristram."  "Tristram  and  Iseult."  In  Tantagel,  Wales,  where  "Iseult 
shut  her  sad  eyes  from  sense  of  aught  save  tears."     Vol.  7,  page  144.     Hensing,  engraver. 

"Troilus  and  Cressida,"  loves  of  son  of  Priam,  King  of  Troy.  Vol.  7,  page  148. 
V.  W.  Bromley,  artist.     J.  C.  Armytage,  engraver. 

,  "Meeting  of  Ulysses  and  son  Telemachus."  "Telemachus  threw  himself  on  his  good 
father's  neck  and  wept."  (Homer's  Odyssey,  Book  XVI),  vol.  8,  page  170.  Chas.  Baude, 
engraver. 

"Wotan  takes  leave  of  Brunhild."  "Her  father  of  Norse  Vicking  stock,"  in  Wagner's, 
"The  Valkyrie."     Vol.  s,  page  264.     K.  Dieltz,  artist. 

"Cassandra."  "Fair  dan.  of  Priam,  King  of  Troy,"  in  colored  marble  by  Max 
Klinger. 

Chronological  Table,  H.  C. 

Beginning  of  Greek  Chronology  of  the  famous  Arundelian  (Parian)  marbles,  brought 
to  Eng.  in  1627  A.  D.  now  at  Oxford  called  the  Parian  Chronicle,  down  to  the  Archon- 
ship  of  Diognetus  at  Athens  266  B.  C. 

B.  C.  1582-54.  Cecrops  King  of  Athens.  1550  Thebes  founded  by  Cadmus  in  Greece. 
Account  of  royal  line  by  Sophocles,  496-405  B.  C. 

B.  C.  1529.  Deucalion's  Deluge.  1522.  Origin  of  Amphictyonic  league.  1521. 
Graikoi  to  Hellenes. 

B.  C.  1519.  Arrival  of  Cadmus,  foundation  of  Cadmia.  1511.  Arrival  of  Dadamus,  the 
Danides  of  Greece. 

B.  C.  1506.     Invention  of  the  flute.     1500.     Date  of  oldest  papyri  extant. 

B.  C.  1493.     Cadmus  from  Phoenicia  founds  Thebes  and  introduces  letters. 

B.  C.  1485.  Danus  from  Egypt,  with  50  daughters,  lands  at  Rhodes,  first  ship  in 
Prance. 

B.  C.  1432.     Minos  reigns  in  Crete,  discovery  of  iron  on  Mt.  Ida. 

B.  C.  1409.  Introduction  of  corn  by  Ceres.  1400.  Pelasgians  expelled  from  Greece 
by  the  Hellenes. 

B.  C.  1356.  Eleusinian  occult  sciences  founded.  1329.  Amphictyonic  council  estab- 
lished.    1300.     Olympic  Games  instituted. 

B.  C.  1259.     Theseus  founds  Athens,  by  union  of  12  cities  he  establishes  democracy. 

B.  C.  1225.  Argonautic  expedition  for  Golden  Fleece  of  Jason  prince  of  Thessaly 
with  Heracles,  Theseus  and  Orpeus. 

B.  C.  1218.  Beginning  of  Trojan  War.  1209.  Capture  of  Troy.  1184.  Fall  of 
Troy,  others  say  1154  to  800. 

B.  C.  1194.     The  Heraclidae,  Masters  of  the  Peloponnessus.  take  possession  of  Sparta. 

B.  C.  1050.  Grecian  Republics  formed  and  Colonies  founded  on  western  coast  of 
Asia  Minor. 

B.  C.  937.     Hesiod  nourished.     907.     Homer  nourished,  some  say  850  to  750. 

B.  C.  884.     Legislation  of  Lycurgus  at  Sparta.     S78.     Carthage  founded  by  Dido. 

B.  C.  776.     Olympiad  of  Coraebus.     The  first  authentic  date  of  Greek  history. 

B.  C.  753.  Foundation  of  Rome,  according  to  Varro.  624.  Legislation  of  Draco, 
archon  at  Athens. 

B.  C.  610-570.  Sappho,  Greek  lyric  poetess.  594.  Legislation  of  Solon,  archon  at 
Athens,  founder  of  Athenian  democracy. 

230 


Chronological  Table,  />'.  C.  and    \.  ik 

B.  C.  588.     Pythian  games  celebrated  every  5  years.     540-510.     Pythagoras  flourished. 

B.  C.  530-460.     Themistocles.  Athenian   statesman   and   warrior  fought  at  Marat  han 
and  Samalis  against  Persia. 

B.  C.   522-448.     Pindar,  Greek  lyric  poet.     497.     Battle  of  Lake  Regillus.     First  au- 
thentic date  in  Roman  history. 

B.   C.   490.     Battle   of  Marathon    bet.    the   Persians   under   Darius   and    the   Greeks. 
500-429.     Pericles,  Athenian  statesman. 

B.  C.  485.     Xerxes,  King  of  Persia,  cut  a  canal  through  the  Isthmus,  bridge  the  Hel- 
lespont in  the  battle  of  Thermopylae,  final  destruction  of  his  fleet  at  Samalis. 

B.   C.   4S4.     Herodotus,  the  father  of  history,   Greek   hist.      Phideas,   greatest   Creek 
sculptor,  and  Sophocles  greatest  Grecian  tragic  poet. 

B.    C.     Beginning    of    Athenian    supremacy.     471-4"0.     Thucydides.     Athenian     his- 
torian. 

B.    C.    451.     The    first    Decemvirate    at    Rome.     444.     Pericles    becomes    supreme    at 
Athens.     445-335.     Zenophon.  Greek  hist,  and  philosopher. 

B.  C.  407.     Foundation  of  Rhodes.     404.     End  of  Peloponnesian  war.     Athens  taken 
by  Lysander. 

B.  C.  390.     Destruction  of  Rome  by  Gauls,  loss  of  records,  history  etc.     387.     End  of 
Corinthian  war. 

B.  C.  337-335.     The  Latin  War  supremacy  of  Rome  over  Latinum.     Doric  Hexapolis, 
a  league  of  6  cities  of  the  Ionic  confederacy. 

B.  C.  336.     Accession  of  Alexander  the  Great.     333.     Battle  of  Issus,  between  Alex- 
ander and  Darius  the  Persian. 

B.  C.  264.     First  Punic  or  Carthaginian  war.     255.     Defeat  and  capture  of  Regulus 
by  the  Carthaginians. 

B.   C.   241.     Defeat  of  the  Carthaginians,   end   of  1st   Punic  war.     Attalus,   King  of 
Pergamus.     Hannibal  defeated  at  Cannae 

B.  C.  149.     Third  Punic  war  begins.     146.     Rome  declares  war  against  the  Achaean 
League,  extending  into  the  Troad. 

B.  C.  133.     Kingdom  of  Pergamus  bequeathed  to  Rome.     113.     The  Cimbri  and  Teu- 
tons invade  Gaul. 

B.  C.  70-19.     Virgil  greatest  of  Roman  poets,  and   translations  of  Homer.  67.     First 
appearance  of  Caesar  in  his  conquests. 

B.  C.  43-18.     Ovid,  Greek  elegiac  poet,  lived  60  years  and  wrote  60  books. 

B.   C.   31.     Battle   of  Actium.     Establishment  of   Roman   Empire.     15.     Victories   of 
Drusus  over  the  Rhaeti. 

B.  C.  13.     Germanicus  invasion  of  Germany.     12.   Invasion  of  Germany  by  the  Druses. 

B.  C.  11-9.     Campaigns  of  Tiberius  in  Pannonia  and  Delmatia. 

A.  D.  43.     Expedition  of  Claudius,  Emp.,  to  Britain,  success  of  Aulus  Plautius,  Ro- 
man general. 

A.  D.  47.     London  founded. 

A.   D.  61.     Insurrection  of  the  Britons  under  Boadicea.     Victory  of  Seutonius  Pau- 
linus,  Roman  general. 

A.  D.  64.     Destruction   of  Rome  by  Nero.   79,   Herculaneum  and   Pompeii   destroyed 
by  eruption  of  Vesuvius. 

A.  D.  120.     Hadrian  visits  Gaul  and  Britain.     121,  Hadrian's  wall  built  against  the 
Scots  and  Picts. 

A.  D.  183.     Success  of  Ulpius  Marcellus  in  Britain.     Commodus  takes  the  name  of 
Britarinicus. 

A.  D.  184.     Roman  roads  made. 

A.  D.  208.     Expedition  of  Severus  to  Britain.     209.  His  invasion  of  Caledonia.     210, 
His  wall  completed. 

A.  D.  214.     First  contact  of  the  Romans  with  the  Alamami,  German  tribes  of  the  up- 
per Rhine. 

A.  D.  249.     First  invasion  of  the  empire  by  the  Goths.     382,  Aleric  King  of  the  Goths. 
400,  ravages  Italy.     410,  sacks  Rome. 


231 


Chronological  Table.  A.  D. 

A.  D.  253.     First  appearance  of  the  Franks  in  Gaul. 

A.  D.  262.     The  Goths  in  Macedonia  and  Asia  Minor  destroy  the  Temple  of  Ephesus. 

A.  D.  370.  The  Saxons  land  on  coast  of  Gaul.  376,  Valens  allow  the  Goths  to  settle 
in  Thrace. 

A.  D.  375.  Invasion  of  the  Huns.  433.  Attila,  King  of  the  Huns.  452,  his  invasion 
of  Italy.     Venice  founded. 

A.  D.  379.  Theodosius,  the  great  emperor  of  the  East.  394,  master  of  the  whole 
Roman  world. 

A.  D.  406.     The  Vandals,  Alani  and  Suevi,  invade  Gaul. 

A.  D.  410.     The  Romans  abandon  Britain.     446,  The  Saxons  invade  England. 

A.  D.  448.  "Merovingians."  Kings  of  the  first  race  to  752.  449,  Landing  of  the 
English  in  Britain. 

A.  D.  476.     Odacier.  King  of  Italy.     End  of  Western  Empire. 

A.  D.  482.  Clovis,  King  of  the  Franks.  486,  Battle  of  Soissons.  Gaul  lost  to  Rome 
and  Frankish  power  established. 

A.  D.  496.     Clovis  the  Great.  King  of  France.     Feudal  system  begins. 

A.  D.  493.     Odacier  slain.     Theodoric.  King  of  Italy. 

A.  D.  507.     Battle  of  Vougte  where  Clovis  and  the  Franks  vanquished  Aleric. 

A.  D.  510.     Paris  made  the  seat  of  the  Frankish  monarchy. 

A.  D.  511.     Death  of  Clovis.     Partition  of  his  kingdom. 

A.  D.  535-540.     The  Gothic  War.     558-561,  Clotaire  sole  King  of  the  Franks. 

A.  D.  714.     Charles  Martel  rules  France  as  mayor  of  the  palace. 

A.  D.  721.  Invasion  of  France  by  the  Saracens.  732,  Battle  of  Tours,  the  Sara- 
cens defeated   by   Charles   Martel. 

A.  D.  752.  The  Merovingian  line  ends  with  the  deposition  of  Childerick  3d,  and  the 
Carlovingian  line  is  founded  by  Pepin  (Le  Bref. )  crowned  at  Soissons  by  Boniflce, 
Apostle  of  Germany. 

A.  D.  757.     Rout  of  the  Bulgarians  by  the  Emperor  Constantine  5th. 

A.  I).  772.  Charles  the  Great  (Charlemagne)  King  of  the  Franks  and  also  Carloman 
(his  brother)   in  768  for  a  while  over  a  part. 

A.  U.  778.     Aug.  15.     His  expedition  to  Spain.     Battle  of  Roncesvalles  Pass  in  return. 

A.  D.  800.     Charles  the  Great  crowned  emperor  of  the  Romans  by  Pope  Leo  3d. 

A.  D.  814.  Death  of  Charles  the  Great.  Louis  (the  Debonnaire)  emperor  of  the  Ro- 
mans and  King  of  France. 

A.  D.  840.     Lothare,  Emperor  of  Germany.     Charles  2d  (the  Bald)  King  of  France. 

A.  D.  849.  Birth  of  Alfred  the  Great.  871.  Alfred  King  of  Wessex.  878,  The  Danes 
defeated  by  Alfred.     Peace  of  Wedmore. 

A.  D.  875.     Charles  (the  Bald)  crowned  emperor  at  Rome. 

A.  D.  878.     Louis  1st,  Emperor  of  the  West  and  King  of  France. 

The  Northmen  under  Rolf  overrun  Neustria  and  settle  in  Normandy. 
Siege  of  Paris  by  the  Northmen.     Leo  6th.  Flavius  Byzantine,  Emperor  of 

Siege  of  Rome  by  Arnulph,  King  of  Germany. 

Charles  (the  Simple)  King  of  France. 

Louis  4th,  Emperor.     Last  of  Carlovingian  line. 

Theodora,  mistress  of  Rome,  occupies  the  castle  of  St.  Angelo. 


A.  D. 

885. 

A.  D. 

886. 

the  East. 

A.  D. 

894. 

A.  D. 

898. 

A.  I). 

899. 

A.   D. 

908. 

232 


DRK 


OR.  LENOX 


Prof.  A.  H.  Biifk  Dead  in  Germany,  Aged  02. 

The  trustees  of  Boston  University  were  grieved  yesterday  afternoon  to  Irani  of  the 
death,  in  Rostock,  Germany,  of  Prof.  Augustus  Howe  Buck,  professor-emeritus  of  Greek 
in  the  College  of  Liberal  Arts.  The  announcement  came  in  a  cablegram  from  the  Spanish 
Ambassador  at  Berlin  and  stated  that  the  death  occurred  on  April  15,  but  gave  no  details. 

Prof.  Buck,  who  was  in  his  92d  year,  had  lived  in  Rostock  since  19u7.  He  gave  up 
the  professorship  of  Greek  in  1902,  having  filled  that  chair  for  28  years.  He  was  unique 
in  his  methods  as  a  teacher,  profoundly  interested  in  his  students  and  was  held  in  pro- 
found affection  by  the  hundreds  of  Boston  University  graduates. 

In  January,  1903.  he  contributed  $25,000  to  the  endowment  of  the  university,  and 
in  October  of  the  same  year  he  presented  to  the  College  of  Liberal  Arts  a  library  of  mm 
volumes  from  his  private  collection.  Many  of  these  books  are  of  German  publication 
and  very  rare. 

An  unnamed  donor  recently  endowed  a  scholarship  fund  of  $100,000  to  Boston  Uni- 
versity, to  be  named  the  Augustus  Howe  Buck  educational  fund.  The  first  appointment 
under  this  fund — Edwin  C.  Byam  of  South  Chelmsford,  a  freshman  in  the  College  of 
Liberal  Arts — was-  announced  in  the  press  on  April  17,  or  two  days  after  the  death. 

Prof.  Buck  was  born  in  North  Killingly,  Conn.,  Dec.  9,  1825.  He  entered  Amherst 
College  in  1S45.  He  taught  in  Hopkins  Academy,  Hadley,  as  assistant  and  later  as  master. 
In  1853  he  received  the  degree  of  A.  B.  from  Amherst.  In  August  of  the  same  year  he 
became  principal  of  the  Roxbury  Latin  School,  which  position  he  held  14  years.  In  1863 
the  school  granted  him  a  leave  of  absence  for  two  years,  which  he  spent  in  Europe.  Lea\ 
ing  the  Roxbury  Latin  School  in  1867  he  again  went  to  Europe  with  a  party  of  boys,  re- 
maining there  about  two  years.  He  spent  the  winter  of  1869-70  teaching  in  the  Amherst 
High  School  and  in  1870  became  master  in  the  Boston  Latin  School. 

In  1S74  he  was  elected  professor  of  Greek  in  Boston  University  and  in  September  of 
that  year  conducted  the  first  class  exercises  ever  held  in  the  College  of  Liberal  Arts.  He 
spent  the  academic  year  of  1901-02  in  Europe,  on  Sabbatic  leave,  and  on  his  return  to 
America  his  active  service  as  instructor  in  the  College  of  Liberal  Arts  was  closed  at  his 
own  request.  After  giving  up  active  work  he  lived  at  Wellesley,  Natick  and  Newton  until 
1907,  when  he  sailed  for  Germany. 

Prof.  Buck  was  twice  married.  His  first  wife  was  Miss  Chloe  L.  Perry  of  Woodstock. 
Conn.,  who  had  been  a  fellow-teacher  with  him  while  he  was  working  his  way  through 
Amherst  College.  Mrs.  Buck  died  in  April.  1863,  leaving  a  son,  Henry,  who  now  lives 
in   New   York.  . 

Four  years  later,  while  traveling  through  Germany,  Prof.  Buck  married  Miss  Louisa 
C.  Mehlbach  of  Bart,  who  also  survives. — Boston  Globe,  April  27,  1917. 


233 


For  Records 

Prof.  Dudley  Buck,  eldest  son  of  the  late  Dudley  Buck,  Mus.  Doc,  is  Vocal  Instructor 
at  Aeolian  Hall,  New  York  City. 

Miss  Helen  Buck,  dau,  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Frank  R.  Buck  of  Washington  Boulevard, 
Chicago,  a  student  graduate  of  the  Chicago  Musical  College,  gave  her  first  vocal  concert 
in  Nakama  Hall,  Oak  Park,  111.  (where  she  lived  when  a  little  girl)  to  an  admiring 
audience  of  club  women,  teachers  and  friends. 

Win.  H.  Buck  formerly  manager  of  the  Arbor  Theater,  Albany,  N.  V..  lias  assumed 
the  management  of  the  Star  and  Park  Avenue  Theaters  of  Mechani<  sville,  N.  Y.  Mr. 
Buck  was  one  of  the  most  popular  men  in  motion  pictures  in  Albany  and  regarded  as  an 
astute  and  successful  exhibitor. 

Col.  B.  B.  Buck,  U.  S.  A.  Recruiting  Officer,  Springfield,  Mass.,  says,  "The  war  will 
be  of  several  years'  duration,  and  will  in  all  probability  require  3,000,000  men." 

Among  the  relatives  from  out-of-town  called  here  by  the  death  of  George  \V.  Buck 
of  Plattsburgh,  N.  Y.,  whose  obsequies  and  burial  were  at  Salmon  River,  Apl.  12,  1917, 
were.  Josephus  and  Charles  Buck,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Malvin  Buck  and  Mrs.  Wm.  (Ruck) 
Jabaut,  all  of  Lake  Placid.  "He  leaves  a  wife  Henrietta  and  son  Kenneth.  Charles 
Buck  of  School  St.,  North  Woburn,  Mass.,  a  descendant  of  the  first  original  Buck  settlers 
of  New  England  in  1636,  is  still  residing  there." 

War  causes  revival  of  heraldry  abroad.  Famous  men's  crests  in  evidence.  London, 
May  15. — The  war  has  given  a  great  revival  to  heraldry,  and  the  number  of  applications 
to  that  quaint,  old-world  institution,  the  College  of  Arms,  situated  in  the  midst  of  mod- 
ern London,  for  coats  of  arms  and  badges,  has  increased  considerably  of  late.  The  de- 
vices have  almost  invariably  a  naval  or  military  significance.  In  this  connection  a  brief 
reference  to  the  arms  of  the  great  commanders  of  to-day  is  not  without  interest.  The 
blue  escutcheon  of  General  Joffre,  for  instance,  bears  the  Cross  of  Santander,  with  the 
fleur-de-lys  of  old  France.  Sir  Douglas  Haig  shows  upon  his  shield  stars  and  crescents, 
while  the  arms  of  Viscount  French  point  to  his  name  origin  by  bearing  the  dolphin, 
the  emblem  of  the  old  French  Dapphins,  with  a  Latin  motto,  translated,  "Death  rather 
than  dishonor."  The  crest  of  Admiral  Sir  David  Beatty  is  a  lion— the  name,  curiously, 
of  his  old  English  flagship. 


INDEX 


Abydos,  203. 

Abbeys,  155. 

Abbey  of  St.  Albans,  155. 

Abbey's  panel  pictures,  154. 

Abodes,  156,  196. 

Abercrombie's  defeat,  73-115. 

Aboriginal  tribes,  208. 

Acheans,  139,  194,  200. 

Ac-bates,  armor  bearer,  200,  201. 

Achenic  heroes,  210. 

Achenie  civilization,  194. 

Achilles,  17,  91,  217-19. 

Achievements,  196. 

Acknowledgements,  11. 

Acesta,  199. 

Acropolis  of  Minerva,  1S9. 

Ada,  sister  of  Charlemagne,  183. 

Addenda,  225-26. 

Adirondacks,  56,  59. 

Aegistus,  194,  197. 

Aeneas,  ancestry  and  familv,  19,  139,  195, 

201,  208,  209. 
Aeneas,  voyage  and  marriage,  198,  199,  200. 
Aeneas,  in  Italy  and  descendants.  195,  200. 
Aeneas,  colonies,  199,  202. 
Aeneid.  199. 
Aeolians,  201. 

Aeolians,  colonies,  198,  203. 
Aeolie  emigration,  194. 
Aeolic  period,  214. 
Aeschylus,  tragic  poet,  197,  206. 
Agamemnon,  16,  192,  193,  217. 
Agamemnon,  expedition,  17,  193,  217. 
Agamemnon,  tomb  at  Mycenae,  194. 
Agincourt,  31. 
Ago  bard,  21. 

Albion  settlements,  202,  219. 
Alba  Longa,  199,  200.  201,  202. 
Alba  Longa,  destruction,  189,  202. 
Alba  Longa,  ruins,  202. 
Alban  kings,  200,  202,  20S. 
Alexander  the  Great,  191,  206. 
Alfred  the  Great,  35,  151. 
Allen.   Ethan,   123.   124. 
Allen,  Ethan,  capture  of  Ticonderoga,  73. 
Avondale,  Scot,  112. 
Along  the  Pathway  of  History,  8,  226. 
Alsace  (between  France  and  Germany)  184. 
Amalgamation  of  the  races,  210. 
Amasia  in  Pontus,  203. 
Amherst,  General  and  Fort.  115,  116. 
Amphictyonic  councils,  201. 
Amulus  and  Numitor,  202. 
Analogies,   214. 
Ancestry,  7,  222. 
Ancestors  of  the  Trojans,  200. 
Ancient  ruins,  113. 


Ancient  History,  15.  201,  22:,. 

Ancient  seats  of  the  Bucks,  :;.",. 

Andromache,  196,  21S. 

Anehises,  199. 

Angles  and  Anglo  Saxons,  L38,  1",::,  L82. 

Anglo-Norman,  138. 

Announcement,  2. 

Antenor,  the  Trojan,  19,   143,   199,  201. 

Antenor  founds  a  colony,  139,  199.  200. 

Antiochus  the  Great,  191. 

Antony  and  Cleopatra,  210. 

Apollo,  165. 

Apollo  Athenae,  190. 

Architecture,  31,  154. 

Architecture,  Norman  Gothic,  1.",.",. 

Argolis  in  Greece,  201. 

Anjou,  House  of,  143. 

Argonauts.  203. 

Aristotle,  190,  206. 

Arms  and  mottoes,  14. 

Arms  and  altars,  /191. 

Arrivals,  early,  38. 

Arthur's  Court,  15] . 

Arthur,  King,  151. 

Arthur's  castle,  151,  152. 

Arthur's  history,  154. 

Arthur's  forebears,  151,  153. 

Arthur,  Passing  of,  153. 

Arts  and  sciences,  204. 

Aryans  and  Aboriginal  tribes,  L82. 

Arcadia,  204. 

Aidinnes,  222. 

Arlington,  123. 

Arnold,  Gen.,  74. 

Argonautic  Invasion,  197. 

Argonautic  expedition,  18,  203. 

Authors,  90,  97. 

Autochthones  or  Belgians,  182. 

Augustus  Caesar,  191. 

Augustus,  reign,  208,  210. 

Ascanius,  son  of  Aeneas,  152,  199,  200,  202. 

Asia  Minor.   L9  1. 

Assizes,  Bloody,  170. 

Astraynax,  218. 

Assyrians,  205. 

Atonement,  218. 

Athenae,  Temple  of,  189,  191. 

Athens,  200,  201,  204.  205,  206,  214. 

Athens'  golden  age,  206. 

Athens,  Seat  of  Culture,  203,  206. 

Baldwin  1st,  Bras-de-fur,  27,  141,  143,  1S3 

Baldwin,  Count.  24.  141,  L45. 

Baldwin  castle,  149,  154. 

Baldwin  2d,  1  12. 

Baldwin  4th,  possessions,  L83. 

Baldwin  5th,  marriage  of  dau.,  30. 


235 


Baldwin  9th,  141. 

Baldwin,  Lieut,  of  marches,  30,  154. 

Baldwin,  reign  in  the  east,  24,  25. 

Baldwin,  des  of.  Buck  in  Eng.,  154. 

Baldwin,  archbishop,  154. 

Baldwin,  of  Luxemburg,  183. 

Baldwin.  Bastard,  Esq.,  157,  162. 

Ballads,  212. 

Barnes  and  Buck,  52. 

Barons,  sea.  163. 

Barons  castles,  155. 

Barbadoes,  3S. 

Battleings,   190. 

Battlements,  L86. 

Bayeaux  tapestry,  30. 

Bede.  the  Venerable,  35. 

Bede,  roll,  220. 

Beacon  lights,  194. 

Belfry  of  Bruges,  150. 

Belgic  tribes,  145,  197. 

Belgians,  182. 

Baronial   manor  house,   172. 

Baronial  seats,  162,  Ki::. 

Barbour,  .John,  32. 

Baling  Bros.,  Jews.  14S. 

Balberg.  157. 

Baldock,  155. 

Basin  Harbor,  115. 

Baths  of  Buckstones,  156. 

Belgium,  142. 

Bergues,  145. 

Berkshire,  171. 

Bennington  Bucks.  121,  122. 

Bennington.  Capt.  Saml..  family  and 

history,   121. 
Bishops  castle,  154. 
Black  Prince,  146,  147.  164. 
Blucher,  Prus.  Gen.,  178-180, 
Bolton,  147. 

Book  of  Invasions,  219. 
Book  of  Heroes,  221. 
Book  of  Troy,  158. 
Boudica,  159. 

Bostwicks  of  New  Milford,  52,  67. 
Bostwicks  and  Buck  marriages,  52,  53. 
Bouch,  Sir  Thomas,  113. 
Bouck  family  and  domains.  93,  94. 
Bouck,  Gov.  Wm.  C  93. 
Bouck,  White,  94. 
Boston  relief,  123. 
Bibliography,  9. 
Biology,  124. 
Battles,  Austerlitz,  17S. 
Battles,  Agincourt,  31,  16  1. 
Battles,  Bennington,  68. 
Battles,  Bouvines,  26. 
Battles,  Bosworth  Field.  33.  It;  I. 
Battles,  Flodden  Field,  1(7. 
Battles,  Actium,  210. 
Battles,  Camlan,  153. 
Battles,  Coutrai  of  the  Spurs,  145. 
Battles,  Crecy  and  Calais.  145,  148. 
Battles,  Issus  and  Grannicus,  190. 


Battles,  Leipzig,  Battle  of  the  Nations,  17S. 

Battles,  Dunbar,  176. 

Battles,  Edgehill,  176. 

Battles,  Worcester,  176. 

Battles,  Naseby,  176. 

Battles.  Bothwell  Bridge,  176. 

Battles,  Marston  Moor,  176. 

Battles,  Pittsburgh,  74. 

Battles,  Poitiers,  US. 

Battles,  Quebec,  74,  114. 

Battles,  Runnymede,  31. 

Battles,  Saratoga,  55,  67,  68. 

Battles,  Stillwater,  114. 

Battles,  Senlac  or  Hastings,  30. 

Battles.  Sluys,  Naval,  26. 

Battles,  Sedgemoor,  176. 

Battles,  Towton,  33. 

Battles,  Waterloo,  178-180. 

Battles,  Spanish  Armada,  163. 

Battles,  Victories  Achieved,  178. 

Battles,  Details  Waterloo,  178-180. 

Battle  Abbey.  30. 

Battlefield  of  Waterloo,  179-180. 

Battlefield  of  Troy,  190. 

Brain  le  Compte,  146. 

Braintree,  147. 

Brigantia,  219. 

Britain,  219. 

Bridlington  Priory,  30,  :;i. 

Brownings,  212. 

Brooklyn  Bucks,  93. 

Brotherhood,  177,  225. 

Brunehild,  220. 

Brunhilda.  220. 

Brazen  Tablets,  180. 

Brocken  Specter,  ixl>. 

Breckenridge,  Robt  J.,  186. 

Bridport,  57,  58. 

Bridgewater,  80,  85. 

Brutus,  202. 

Bruenhaut  and  Fredegonde,  221. 

Briseis,  217. 

Brut  and  his  Trojans,  151,  153. 

Bergues  now  Colme.  14.".. 

Bruges,  144. 

Bruges,  Belfry  of,  150. 

Brussels,  178. 

Bryant.  Jacob,  189. 

Bryant.  Wm.  Cullen,  192,  213. 

Bucer.  Martin,  184. 

Buccleuch,  111,  177. 

Buck  Hollow,  58,  71. 

Bucks,  58.  71,  72. 

Bucksbridge,  67. 

Buck  Mansion,  31,  56. 

Bueksville,  42,  90. 

Buckland.  Mass..  83. 

Buckland,  Eng.,  158,  159,  160,  162,   173. 

Buckland.  Dr.  Wm..  162. 

Bucksport,  Maine,  49,  90. 

Bucksport,  Col.  Jonathan,  90. 

Bucksport,  curious  monument.  90. 

Buckhaven,  Seotlar*d,  112. 


236 


Buckie  Harbour,  Scotland,  112. 

Bucksville,  Bucks  Co.,  Pa.,  42. 

Bucksville,  Bucks  Co.,  N.  Y.,  82. 

Bucksville,  Lorraine  Ger.,  1S4. 

Buckland,  Bng.,  158,  159,  160,  162,  173. 

Buckland  Castle,  163. 

Buckland  Court,  157,  162. 

Buckland  Manor,  163. 

Buckborn  or  Buckbourn,  159. 

Buckball,  162. 

Buckleigb,  157. 

Buckley,  159. 

Buckley,  Park  and  Dr.,  160,  167. 

Buckle,  162. 

Buckle,  Henry  and  Thos.,  162. 

Buckleburg,  158. 

Buckleberg  Castle,  29,  1S5. 

Buckingham,  Old,  34. 

Buckingham,  Va.,  42. 

Bucksburn,  Scot..  112. 

Buckland,  Va.,  41. 

Buckesham,  157. 

Buckham,  158. 

Bucksbard,  159. 

Buckden,  Buckdon,  160. 

Buckden  Palace,  157. 

Buck-fasMeigh,  162. 

Buckenhall,  158. 

Bucknall,  37.  158. 

Bucknell,   158. 

Bucknell,  Univ.,  158. 

Bucklow,  New,  186,  213. 

Buckhurst,  158. 

Buckliinst,  Lord,  15S. 

Buckrose  and  family,  159. 

Bucton,  22.  159,  160. 

Buckby,  15S. 

Buxton  High,  156. 

Buckstones  Baths,  156. 

Bucharest,  186. 

Buckstown,  Pa..  42,  1S5. 

Bucksfield,  92.  184. 

Buckwood,  1st. 

Bucksbridge,  68,  1S4. 

Buckscourt,  1S4. 

Buckshouse,  31,  50,  52,  67,  INI. 

Buckway,  184. 

Buckhold,  186. 

Buckhold,  John,  186. 

Buckhome,  159. 

Buckstead,  1S4. 

Bockstadt,  184. 

Boeking,  160,  177. 

Bockhoven,  1S6. 

Bock  Manor,  1S4. 

Buchel,  112. 

Buchen,  1S6. 

Buch,  Capt.,  149,  150. 

Buchs,  186. 

Buck  and  Beebe,  83. 

Buck  Stove  and  Range  Co.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Buick  Motor  Co.,  Flint,  Mich.,  113. 

Bucks  and  Flemings,  lit. 


Buried  treasure,  55,  214,  220. 
Bunyan,  212. 
Burns,  212. 
Burgoyne,  55,  67,  68. 
Burroughs,  John.  5. 
Buccleuch.   15s,   161. 
Buchan,  112. 
Buchanan,  1  12. 
Buckminster,  161. 
Burgundia,  140. 
Burgundia,  House  of,  142. 
Burgundia,  Franks,  220,  221. 
Butler  versus  Walter,  110. 
Bush  family,  100,  131. 

Bush,   descendants  and   settlement,   99,    100. 
Bush,  Isaac  and  Wm.  Barnes,  68. 
Barbour,  John,  32. 
Baring  Bros.,  148. 
Baron  Rothschilds,   lis. 
Bach  and  Beethoven,  22::. 
Bonaparte,  178-181. 
Bouillon,  146. 
Brutus,  152,  202. 
Bradford,  Wm.,  41. 
Bucks  of  Flanders,  21,  22. 
Bucks  of  Germany,  184,  1X5. 
Bucks  of  France,  29. 

Bucks  of  France,  Capt.  Buck.  36,  1511,  164. 
Bucks  of  England,  30,  lis,  1 49,  164,  L65. 
Bucks  of  Scotland,  112. 
Bucks  of  Holland,  186. 
Bucks  distinguished  of  Eng.,  2.7. 
Bucks  distinguished  of  Am.,  95-97. 
Buck,  Sir  John.  21,  23.  164,  165. 
Buck,  Wm.  and  Edric,  33,  165. 
Buck,  Sir  John  and  Lawrence,  2,1.   li;4. 
Buck,  James,  38,  42. 
Buck,  Capt.  John,  K.  G,  36,   16  1. 
Buck,  Sir  George,  36. 
Buck,   Sir  Wm.   of   Yorkshire,   37. 
Buck,  Wm.,   marriage,   37. 
Buck,  Rev.  Richard,  36,   39,   US,  119,    L64. 
Buck,  Rev.  Richard,  first  arrivals,  39. 
Buck,  Rev.   Richard,   family,   118,   119. 
Buck,  Rev.  Richard,  marriage  in  Eng.,  1 19. 
Buck,  James,  son  of  Saml.,  81. 
Buck,  James  of  Hingham,  80. 
Buck,  Salmon,  son  of  James,  .",3. 
Buck,  Wm.  and  Roger,  40,  44. 
Buck,  Wm.  family,  49,  burial,  49. 
Buck,  names,  Christian,  42. 
Buck,  Enoch  or  Emanuel,  42,  44,  50,  51. 
Buck,  Enoch,  son  of  Ezekiel,  S9. 
Buck,  Enoch,  son  of  Ezekiel,  family,  44. 
Buck,  Enoch,  son  of  Ezekiel,  descendants,  IT. 
Buck,  Isaac,  marriage,  42,  46,  54. 
Buck,  Isaac,  family,  46,  54. 
Buck,  Isaac,   in   Colonial   War  and   Rev.,  55. 
Buck,  Isaac,  at  Quebec,  54.  55. 
Buck,  Isaac,  Jr.,  at  Ticonderoga,  73.   122. 
75.Buck,    Mrs..  Elizabeth,    nigs.,    54. 
Buck,  Eunice,  54. 
Buck,  Mrs.  Elizabeth,  hidden  treasure,  55. 

237 


Buck,  Henry,  44.  Buck,  Jonathan,  son  of  Alden,  111. 

Buck,  Henry  of  Weathersfield.  50.  Bucks  of  England,  33,  166-172. 

Buck,  Thomas,  44.  Buck,  Saml.  and  Nathaniel,  36. 

Buck,  Thomas,  of  Weathersfield,   42,   52,   SO. Buck,  Mary,  dau.   of  Sir  John,   167. 
Buck,  Saml.,  of  Portland,  81.  Buck,  Mary,  marriage,  109,  167. 

Buck,   Saml.,   son  of  Moses,  family,  85.  Bucks  of  this  country,  94. 

Buck,  Anson,   of   Great   Barrington,   Mass. 

81. 
Buck.  Lemuel   and   Isaac,   sons  of  Joseph, 

46. 
Buck,   David,  son  of  Emanuel,  44,  47,  50. 
Buck,   Joseph,  son  of  Jonathan,  46 


Buck,  Ezekiel,  son  of  Emanuel,  44,  51. 
Buck,  Ezekiel.  Jr..  44. 
Buck,  families,  44,  89. 
Buck,   descendants,   Eng..   33. 
Buck,  Capt.  Wm.  and  family,  45. 
Buck,  Josiah  and   Daniel,  50. 
Buck,  Jonathan  of  New  Milford,   Ct..   46. 
Buck,  Jonathan,   residence,  51. 
Buck,  Jonathan,    Jr.,    and    family,    46. 
Buck,  Jonathan,   son   of  Jonathan    3d,    S3. 
Buck,  Dan  I.  and  Stephen,  44. 
Buck,  Horace   B.,   Worcester,   Mass.,   81. 
Buck,  John  M.  of  Stockbridge,  81. 
Buck,  John  and  descendants,  80. 
Buck,  John,   Ensign,   88,   123,   Col.,   82,   88. 
Buck,  John  H.  and  descendants  S3. 
Buck  Danl.  of  New  Lebanon,  N.  Y.,  82. 
Buck,  Saml.  Beebe  family,  45. 
Buck,  Saml.   Blake,   81. 
Buck,  Saml.,  son  of  Isaac  family,  55. 
Buck,  merchant  and   mansion,  56. 
Buck,    Saml.,    Reminiscences   and    War 
1812.  57 


Bucks  of  Mass.  and  Conn.,  13S. 

Buck,  Nicholas  of  Penn.,   90. 

Buck,  Benjamin   of   Baltimore,   41. 

Buck,  college  graduates,  124. 

Bucks,  Boston,  123,    (Boston  Port  Bill)    123. 

Bucks,  distinguished,  94. 

Buck,  Dudley,  94. 

Buck,  Leffert,   95. 

Buck,  Dr.  Gurdon,  95. 

Buck,  Col.  Alfred,  96. 

Luck,  Hon.  Danl.,  96. 

Buck,   Hon.  Chas.  W.,  96. 

Buck,  Hon.  George  M.,  96. 

Buck,  Hon.   Chas.  F.,  96,  185. 

Buck,  Hon.  John  R.,  96. 

Buck,  Daniel  Dana,  96. 


Caen  and  castle,  149. 
Castles,  Baldoc,  Newark  and  Rye,  155. 
Castle,  Nottingham,  162. 
Castle.  Buckingham,   34. 
Castle,  Oxford,  157. 
Castle,  Pembroke,  31,  154. 
Castle,  Raby,  35. 
Castle.  Buckeburg,  29,  1S5. 
Castle  of  Buc  l'Isle,  28. 
Castle,  Buckland,  163. 
of     Castle,  Powys,  30,  154. 
Castle,  Sudley,  31. 


Buck,  Helon,  son  of  Saml.,  family,  58    125.  Castle,  Warwick,  34. 


Buck,  Saml.,  son  of  Helon,  family  59. 
Buck,    Rev.    Geo.    H.    and    Dr.    Willmarth 

S.,  59. 
Buck,  Mary  E.  md.  Fred  L.  Viall,  60. 
Buck,  Hiram,  son  of  Saml.,   family    65 
Buck,  Hiram,  Jr.,  family,  66. 
Buck.  Austin,  son  of  Saml.,  family,  66,  125. 
Buck,  Isaac,  Jr.,  family.  67. 
Buck,  Isaac,   Jr.,   with   Allen   at   capture   ofCastle-  Barons,  155. 

Ticonderoga,  67.  Castles  of  the  Rhine,  186. 

Buck,  Lemuel,  son  of  Isaac,  Jr.,  family,  67      Cassel,  149. 
Buck,  Alfred,  son  of  Isaac,  family,  6S.  Cassandria,  16,  194. 

Buck,  Addison,  son  of  Alfred,   family,   68.     Caesar,  Julius,  191,  202. 
Buck,  Wm.,  son  of  Isaac,  123,  family,  68,  69  Caesar's  downfall,  198 


Castle,  Bamborough,  34. 
Castle,  Windsor,  36. 
Castle.  Carnarvon,  154. 
Castle,  Bouillon,  146. 
Castle,  Bishops,  154. 
Castle,  Buck's  Castro,  157.  172. 
Castle,  Valencennes,   H,s. 
Castles,  198. 


Buck,  Joel,  son  of  Enoch,  family,  74.' 
Buck.  Ephraim,  son  of  Joel,  family,' 74 
Buck,   Saml.,   son  of  Roger,   family    49 
Buck,  Capt.   Saml.   of   Bennington,'  Vt. 
Buck,  Isaac  of  Scituate,  52. 
Buck,  Isaac  and  Danl.,  52,  53. 
Buck,  George  and  Wm.,  53. 
Buck,  soldiers,    Lieut.    Wm.,    68,   83,   123. 
Buck,  Lieut.   Isaac  and   Ensign   Jonathan 

73,  114,  117. 
Buck,  Lieut.-Col.  Wm.   Langdon,  77. 
Buck,  Col.    Irving  A.,   41. 
Bucks  of  Scotland,  112,  113. 


Caesar's  assassination,  198. 
Caesar,  Augustus,  191. 
Caesars,  198. 
22i  Cathedral,  York,  37. 

'Cathedral,  Munster  at  York.  158 
Cathedral,  Carduel  at  Carlisle,  155. 
Cathedral,  Centerbury,  37. 
Cathedral,  Exeter,  155. 
p     Cathedral,  Gloucester,  155. 
Cathedral,  Lincolnshire,  158. 
Cathedral,  Norwich,  37. 
Cathedral,  Strasburg  and  tombs,  183. 
Cathedral,  St.  Marys,  31,  155. 

238 


Cathedral,  Treves,  183. 
Cambridgeside,  169,  17:!. 
Caria,  198. 
Carlisle,  146,  155. 
Calais,  145. 
Caricalla,  191. 
Captives  of  war.  is. 
Capt.  John  Smith,  164. 
Canadian  expedition,  73,  74. 
Castor  and  Pollux,  216. 
Catherine  Parr,  31 . 
Crusades,  24,  142,  188. 
Crusaders,  188. 

Crusades  of  Constantinople,   1 88. 
Crusades  of  Caesar,  197. 
Caxton,  Wm.,  157,  158. 
Carnage,  25,  17(1. 


Census  of  Eng.  33,  of  America,  125-136. 

Crete,  201,  Cnossus,  201. 

Crecy,   145,  148. 

Celts.  151,  182,  220. 

Cerasus,  203. 

Cross  as  a  symbol,  14. 

Cross  true,  25,  27,  183. 

Crown  of  Thorns,  153. 

Clifford,  Lord  Henry,  36. 

Clifford   tower,   156. 

Crown  Point,  58,  116. 

Cromwellian  period,  175. 

Crossing  the  Rubicon.  208. 

Carthage,  ancient,   181. 

Carthage,  destruction,   181,  203. 

Carthagenian  and  Roman  Wars,  210. 

Chas.  the  1st  of  Spain,  142. 

Chas.  the  Bald.  20. 

Chas.  1st  of  Eng.,  oppression,  3S. 

Charlemagne.  23.  141,  221. 

Charlemagne  family,  141. 

Champlain,  116. 

Chronicles,  old,  140. 

Chronicles  of  Limburg,  146. 

Chronology,  200,  220. 

Chronologues,  230-232. 

Chaucer,  212. 

Church  of  England.  118,  158. 

Church  of  St.  Paul  and  St.  Peters,  London 

37. 
Church  of  Rock  Creek.  Wash.,  D.  C„  41. 
Christianity,  23,  27,   142, 
Chrestien  de  Troyes,  152. 
Chrimhild,  220. 
Chilton,    157,    161. 
Chilton  Hundreds,  161. 
Chivalry.  152,  165. 
Chalics,  209. 
Chieftains,   222. 
City  of  two  continents,  188. 
Cicely  Neville,  35. 
Claiborne,  Wm.,  41. 
Clarke,  Micah,  175. 
Clovis  the  Great.  14S,  221. 
Clytemnestra,  194. 
Coat  of  Arms,  14,  27,  164. 


Codex,  Aureus.  183. 

Coleridge,  211,  212. 

Colonies  independent.  1",  1  I  1.  177. 

Colonies,  established,  43. 

Colonists,  lis. 

Colonists,  Virginia,  118. 

Colonization,  18,   13. 

College  graduates,  82,  95,  96. 

Colleges.   158,  course.  207. 

Colliseum.  2os. 

Cornwallis.  1  ord,  177. 

Collossus  of  Rhodes,  165. 

Comedy,  212. 

Conn.  Bucks.    12. 

Conclusion,  226. 

Confiscation,  30. 

Constantus,  191. 

Constantine,  154,  187,  191. 

Constantinople,  description.  1S7. 

Constantinople,  greatness,  24.  187-188,  206. 

Corinaeus  the  Trojan,  163. 

Conrad  and  Bernard  Buck,  IS  I. 

Contents,  12. 

Connection,  established,  15. 

Conquests,  23.  27.  30,  144,  191,  205,  221,  222. 

Commercial  relations.  20. 

Commemoration.   116. 

Countryside,  173. 

Country  seats,  Ehg„  32,  172. 

Cowper,  212. 

Court  of  Fiance.  26. 

Count  de  Fredenburg,  64. 

Counts  of  Flanders,  23.  142. 

Courtrai,  145. 

Oorebas,  201. 

Cumae,  209. 

Curtis.  Ernst  and  .1.  T.  Clarke,  explore.,  102. 

Curious  coincidence,  216. 

Covenanters,  170 

Cyclic  poets,  196. 

Cyclic  poems,  196. 

Cyzicus,  203. 

Count  Von  Moltkie.  102. 

Count  Robert,  141. 

Count  Philip,  141. 

Dagobert,  21.  140. 

Danish  conquest.  34. 

Dardanus.  first   ruler  of  Troy,   L94,  107. 

Dartmoor,  103 

Dedicatory,  6. 

Defender  of  the  faith.  32. 

Deerfield,  40. 

Deiphobus,  216. 

Democratic  rule  and  culture,  205. 

Deucalion     and     Pyrrha,     survivors     of     the 

licluge,  198.  200. 
Diana  of  the  Ephesians,  218. 
Dictvs  of  Crete  and  Dares  the  Phrygian, 

10.  197. 
Dans.  Am.  Revolution,  123. 
DittOD  Park,  100. 
Devon,  163. 


239 


Devonshire    Bucks,    157,    162. 

Dr.  Dorpfeld,  explorer,  192.  213. 

Descendants  of  Liderick  le  Buc.  22. 

Descendants  of  Emanuel  Buck,  47. 

Descendants    of    Weathersfield,    47. 

Descendants  of  New  Milford,  51,  52. 

Descendants  of  Castle  Buc,  22. 

Descendants  of  Bush.  100. 

Descendants  of  the  Conquerors,  222. 

Descent  from  Troy,  19,  197. 

Descent  down  through  the  centuries,  54. 

Descent  of  British  kings,  152,  153. 

Descent  of  Romans,  191,  19S.  200. 

Dr.  R.  C.  Buckner,  184. 

De  Bock,   sergeant,   186. 

Destruction  of  Troy.  201. 

Destruction  of  Carthage.  181. 

Destruction  of  Rome  and  Roman  Empire, 

208. 
Destruction  of  Pompeii,  214. 
Distinguished  Bucks,  184. 
Distinguished  characters,  114,  115. 
Distinguished  visitors.  116,  117. 
Distinguished  descendants,  119. 
Dignities  and  Landed  Gentry,  164. 
Diomede  settlement,  18,  139,  20:;. 
Dickens  and  Dryden.  212. 
Dido,  Queen  of  Carthage.  181,  199. 
Distribution  of  Spoils,  18. 
Discoveries,  213. 
Dionysius,  191,  201,  203. 
Doomsday  Book,  35. 

Doris,  Ionia  and  Eeolia,  Greek  colonies,  198. 
Dorians,  200. 
Dorians  colonies,  203. 
Dorothy  Vernon,  romance.  111,  171. 
Duchess  of  Monmouth,  38,  177. 
Drama,  modern,  212. 
Dress  and  raiment,  196. 
Dukes  and  counts,  184. 
Dukes  of  Monmouth,  38,- 176. 
Durham,  170. 

Dutch  or  Holland  Jews,  148. 
Dwellings  of  Bucks  in  Europe.  22,  28. 
Dwellings  of  Bucks  in  Eng.,  31,  166-173. 

Earl  of  Warwick,  34. 

Earl  of  Argyle,  176. 

Earl  of  Foix,  150.  186. 

Education,  59,  207. 

Education  and  accomplishments.  207. 

Egyptians,  205. 

Edward  the  Confessor,  26. 

Edward  3d  the  Black  Prince,  146.  148. 

Elaine,  153. 

Elm  tree,  50,  82. 

Elba,  178,  180. 

Embargo  bill,  3S. 

Emblems  and  mottoes.  14,  153. 

Eginhard  and  Emma,  140.  romance,  221. 

Emigration,  139. 

Emigration  to  Eng.,  146-148. 

Emigration  to  Holland,  175. 


Emigration  to  America.  37,  38.  40,  118,  175. 

Emigration  of  Bucks,  40,  74. 

Emigration  of  Bush,  100. 

Elopement  of  Helen  and  Paris,  16,  215. 

Eminent   Englishmen.  37. 

Eminent  Bucks,  94,  95,  96. 

Emerson,  213,  225. 

Empires,  174. 

Elizabeth.  Queen  of  Eng.,  163. 

England,  rural,  161,  173. 

England,  greatness,  148. 

England,  homes  of,  173.  174. 

English  noblemen,  162. 

English  language,  13,  13S. 

English  forebearers,  166-172. 

English  fortifications,  ancient,  155. 

English  History,  a  bit  of,  175. 

English  Bible,  15S. 

Epirus.  205. 

Eston,  32. 

Essex,  170. 

Eugenics,  724,  125. 

Etrurians.  L'os. 

Euripides  tragic  poet.  20,  197. 

Epitomes  of  History,  210. 

Euhemerism,  defined,  9. 

Eusubins  and  Jerome,  20. 

Eustice  Count.  24-25. 

Etzel,  King  of  the  Goths.  221. 

Excaliber,  154. 

EJxmoor,  173. 

Expedition,  Canada,  73,,  74. 

Expedition,  Eng.  exploring.  163. 

Expedition,   Agamemnous.   17.   193,  217. 

Expedition,   Argunautic,   IS,   203. 

Explorations,  192,  198. 

Excavations,  19. 

Emanual  or  Enoch  and  Christian,  42,  44,  50. 

Fabius  and  the  Pabii,  210. 

Fairfaxes,  109. 

Fairfax  and  Fairfield.  Buck   Hollow  Buck, 

68-72. 
Fairs  of  Edward  1st,  34. 
Fair  Rosemond.  romance,  35.  36. 
Fair  Nausica,  196. 
Famous  men,  163. 
Family  tree,  7. 
Family,  heads  of,  7.  47. 
Family   names.  12. 

Family  emigration.  37,  38,  40,  75,  118,  139. 
Family  genealogy,  46,  225. 
Family  of  Isaac  Buck,  46. 
Familv  of  John,  descendants,  80. 
Families  of  Bucks,  47,  94,  95,  125-130. 
Families  of  Jonathan,  45. 
Families  of  Joseph,  46. 
Familes  of  Jonathan,  Jr.,  46. 
Families  of  Isaac  and  des.,  46. 
Families,  of  Lemuel  and  des.,  46. 
Fall  of  Troy,  192,  193,  194,  197. 
Feudalism,  156,  222. 
Feudal  castles,  30,  186. 


240 


Festival  of  Peleus  and  Thetis,  215. 

Figure  and  appearance,  196. 

First  arrivals,  37. 

Filey  Lordship,  31. 

First  sermon,  118. 

Finale,    225-226. 

Final    settlements,    19. 

Finlay,  George,  32. 

Field  of  the  Cloth  of  Gold.  146. 

Floranre,  62,  209. 

Franeonia,  140.  219. 

Frankfort  on  the  Main,  182. 

Francois  Vase,  192. 

France  Bucks,  29,  185. 

France  and  Italy,  222. 

French  language  and  manners,  29. 

French  History.  149. 

French  nation,  220. 

Fort  Frederick,  115. 

Fort,  Ticonderoga,  115. 

Fort,  Amherst,  116. 

Fort  Cassin,  115. 

Fortification,  English,  156. 

Fortification  of  Troy,  16. 

Foresters  of  Flanders,  22. 

Foresters  and  Knights  of,  27. 

Forebears.  Am.,  47.  125-136. 

Forebears,  English.  166-172. 

Forefathers,  54,  177,  225. 

Forewords,  4. 

Forest   of  Germany.   182. 

Forest  of  England,  156,  Sherwood.  157. 

Forest  of  America,  43. 

Flanders,  22,  140,  142,  143. 

Flanders  inhabitants,  143. 

Flanders  partition,  142. 

Flanders  language.  146. 

Flanders  provinces,  E.  and  W.,  22.  142. 

Flanders,  Crown  and  Imperial,  183. 

Flanders,  earliest  hist,  21,  140  141. 

Flanders,  metropolis  of  the   world,   222. 

Flanders,   three  limbs,   144. 

Flanders,  West.  145. 

Frankish  Chiefs  and  Kings,  140. 

Franklin    power   established,   222. 

Frankish  towns,  140. 

Frankish  first  history,  21,  220. 

Frankish   monarchy,   140. 

Franks   and   Flanders,   19,   21,   140,   144, 

197,  209. 
Franks,  greatness,  23. 
Franks.  Salian,  220.  221. 
Franks  in  Gaul,  afterward  France,  222. 
Franks  and  the  Romans,  221. 
Flemish,   emigration  to   Eng.,   146. 
Flemish  language,  143,  144. 
Flemish  towns,  144,  146. 
Flemish   manufactures,  146,  148. 
Flemish  weavers,  147. 
Flemish  schools  of  art,  222. 
Flemings  in  England,  146.  148. 
Flemish  history  writers,  21. 
Frederick,  115. 


Fresians,  153. 

Fredegarius  Scolasticus,  20. 

French  and  German  landmarks.   184. 

Franco-German  Bucks,   185. 

Gains  Cassius,  202. 
Caul,  200. 
Gallipoli,  is. 
Galahad,  152. 

Gaston  Knights.  150,  159,   L60, 
Gallipoli,  203. 

Genealogical  histories, -  1  mi.  200,  225. 
Genealogy,  Buck  Family,   II,  12. 
Genealogy,  Viall   Family.  65. 
Genealogy,  Stoddard   Family.  SO. 
Genealogy,  Washington   Family,    109. 
Geneva,  140. 
German   Bucks,   184. 
German  music  and  masters.  223. 
Germany,  ancient,  181,  220. 
Genovera,   222. 

Geoffrey  of  Monmouth,  152,  157. 
Goffrey  Count  of  Anjou,  143. 
George  3rd  reign,  177. 
Ghent,   144,   145,  148. 
Gilbert  de  Clare,  31,  154. 
Gilbert  de  Gant,  30. 

Glastonbury  Abbey,  35,  153,  Thorn,  153. 
Glebe  land  and  plantations.  40. 
Glendower  Owen,  155. 
Gloucestershire,  168. 
Gocelius  le  Buck.  31,  32. 
Gobelin  Tapestry,  144. 
Godfrey  of  Bouillon.  24,  143. 
Gottfried,  228. 
Gold  mine,  194. 
Goths,   182,  187.  209,   220. 
Golden  Fleece.  29. 
Golden  Gate,  187. 
Horn,  187.   188. 
Golden  Age,   206. 
Government  seat,  177. 
Government  reformation,  177. 
Grouchy,  178-180. 
Green  Mountain  Boys,  68. 
Greece,  204. 
Greece  production,  204. 
Greek  stadium,  201. 
1,S;>  Greek  states.  195. 
Greek  culture,  206. 
Greek  race,  198.  203. 
Greek  classics,  207. 
Greek   languages.   204-207. 
Greek  literature,  195,  207. 
Greek  preeminence,  206,  207. 
Greek  colonization,  202. 
Greek  civilization,  204. 
Greek  investments,  199,  200. 
Greek  imprints,  206. 
Greek  colonies,   198,  200. 
Grecian  sages.  192. 
Grecian  Gnostics,  206. 
Greek  and  Cyclic  poems,  196.  203. 


241 


Gretchen  the  Goose  Girl,  141,  Romance,  228.  Hertford  and  Walford,  167. 


Golden  Age  of  Greece,  206. 

Grecian  wars  and  consequences,  205. 

Greys.  James,  56. 

Grafsehaff  Princes,  182. 

Grail.  Holy,  152. 

Greek  or  Hellenic  race,  200,  203. 

Greek  heroes,  220. 

Greek,  character  of  people,  196. 

Greek  manners  and  customs,  196. 

Greek  occupation  and  employment,  196. 

Greek  habitations  and  abodes,  196. 


Hellenic  period,  200. 
Hellenic  race,  196,  200,  203. 
Hellenic  cities,  214. 
Hellenic  heroes,  213. 
Hellenic  dynasty.  195. 
Hellenic  art,  192. 
Hellenic  civilization,   198. 
Hellenic  colonization,  200,  205. 
Hellenic  or  Romantic  Drama,  197. 
History  of  the  world,  139. 
History  of  England,  151,  219. 


Greek   pastimes,   dress,   forms  and    features.Historv  of  Rome,  191. 


196. 

Guy  of  Warwick  Castle,  34. 
Guy  of  Dumpiere,  148. 
Guinevere,  152,  153. 
Gunther,  King  of  Burgundv,  220. 
Guard,  Roman,  113,  228. 
Guiding  star,   199. 

Habitations,  230,  156. 

Hadrian's  wall.   113. 

Hartford.  43. 

Hawthorn,   English,   153. 

Hartland  Abbey,  162. 

Ibilton,  157. 

Hartz  mountain  scenes,  182. 

Hannibal,  supreme,  ISO,  192. 

Hannibal,  crossing  the  Alps,  181. 

Hannibal,  final  defeat  and  death,  181. 

Haverford   West,   147,   154. 

Haynault  Forest,  154. 

Haverhill,  Mass.,  49. 

Henry  1st,  30,  36. 

Henry  2d,  35. 

Henry,  8th,  35,  147. 

Henghist.  154,  159. 

Henseatic  League,  144. 

Heads  of  families,  125-136. 

Hector  and  Achilles,  192,  218. 

Heraldry.  14. 

Heroes  and  rulers,  205,  220. 

Heredity,   124. 

Helen  of  Troy,  215-216. 

Helen  and  Paris.  260,   16.  197,  215,  217. 

Helen  the  beautiful  of  her  age,  16,  193. 

Helen,  Suitors,  216. 

Menelaus,  216. 
Helen,  marriage  to  Deiphobus,  216. 
Helen,  death.  216. 
Helen,  temple  honors,  216. 
Helen,  tribute  to,  216. 
Helenus,   218. 
Hermoine,  dau.  of  Helen,  194,  215,  218. 


History  of  Troy,  190,  191,  198,  213. 

History  of  Greece,  204. 

History  defined.  9. 

History,  first  Prankish,  19. 

Historians,  190. 

Historians.   201. 

Historical  ruins,   113. 

Hildebrand.  24. 

Hildergarde.  228.  229. 

Hingham,  38,  99. 

Hingham,  Old,  38,  157. 

Hissarlik,  19,  195.  214. 

Homeric  world,  198. 

Homeric  poems,  198. 

Homeric  legends,  195,  215. 

Homeric  plate,  192. 

Homer,  Swan  of  the  Meander,  198.  210. 

Homer's  Odyssey,   192,   195. 

Homes  of  England,  172-174. 

Homes  of  America,  41,  174,  175. 

Homes  and  cottages.  173. 

Homesteads.  English,  173. 

Hoe  and  Bolt  Head,  Plymouth.  Eng.,  163. 

Hoe  manufacturer,  99. 

Holland  Bucks,  186. 

Holies  and  Buck,  158. 

Holmes  the  essayist,  213. 

Holy  Grail,   152. 

Holy  Coat  of  Treves,  183. 

House  of  Orange,  186. 

House  of  Burgesses,  40,  118. 

House,  organized,  118. 

Huns.  Turanian  race.  208. 

Hundred  of  Hundreds.  161. 

Human   Progress,  205. 

Hunt.   Rev.   Robert,   118,   164. 

Huntindon,   157. 

Henry  of  Huntingdon.  157. 

Hart,  Lord  of  Scot.,  112. 

Hellespont,  legends.  197,  203,  215. 

Holvoke,  school  founder,  87. 

Huguenots,  147,  150. 

Hippodrome,  187,  208. 


Hermann  and  Dorothea,  romance.  222. 

Hellena,  dau.   of  Athemus,   King  of  Thebes, Heldenbuch,  221 

198. 

Hellenes  or  Greek  people,  200.  Idomesseus,  settlement,  139,  203. 

Hellenes  and  Homer,  200.  Idylls  of  the  King,  154. 

Hemans,  Mrs.  Felecia,  173.  Ilium  Novum  or  New  Troy,  190,  19",,  L98 

Herculaneum,  214.  Ilium  Troja  or  New  Troy,  198. 

Heroditus,  190.  Iliad,  195,  210,  218. 

Heroic  legends,  221.  Independents,  175. 

242 


Independence  secured,  177. 

Indians,  43. 

Inhabitants  of  Flanders,  144. 

Inhabitants  of  Germany,  182. 

Intermarriages,  27,  78-80. 

Introduction,  7. 

Invasions.  20,  117.  219. 

hi  days  ot  old.  28. 

Invasion  of  Canada,  117. 

Iona,  198,  202. 

Ionians,  200. 

Ionian  Colonies,  200. 

Ireland,  pedigrees  and   lineages,   219. 

Irish  nobility,  219. 

Iron  Duke,  180. 

Iphigenia,  216. 

Italy,  201,  207,  209. 

Italy,  South,  203. 

Italy,  invasion,   18(1. 

Italian  colonies,  203. 

Ithaca,  197,  217. 

Isolde  the  Pair,  160. 

Jacobites,  112. 

Jacob  Von  Artevelde,  145. 

.lames.  Duke  of  Monmouth,  ::8,   176. 

James,  Capt.  and  Exes.,  176. 

James  2d,  reign,  175. 

Jerusalem  recovered,  24. 

Jerusalem  delivered,  142. 

Jerusalem  conquest,  24. 

Jerusalem  rulers,  24,  25. 

Jerusalem  retaken,  24,  142 

Jerusalem  benefits  received,  24,  25. 

Jamestown,  119,  164. 

Jews  of  England,  148. 

John,  King  of  Eng.,  32. 

Jordanes,  20. 

Johnson,  Rare  Ben,  4. 

Joseph  of  Aramathia,  153. 

Judith,  dau.  of  Chas.  2d,  27. 

Jeffries  Judge.  177. 

Kemp,  John,  147. 

Kent  genealogies,  37. 

Keeseville,  76. 

Kings  of  Rome.  202. 

Kings   of   Scotland.    France   and    England, 

220. 
Kings,  Cornish,  British  and  Scottish,  153. 
King  Arthur.  151-154. 
King  Arthur's  Court.  27. 
Kirby  Kendal,  147. 
King  Maker,  34. 
King  Mark,  159. 
King  Arthur   and   Knights   of   the   Round 

Table,  151. 
King  Edward  1st,  34. 
King  Edward  3d,  the  Black  Prince,  164. 
King  Alfred,  35,  151. 
King  Henry  2d,  35. 
King  Henry  5th,  31. 
King  Henry  8th,  31,  32. 


King  James  4th,  147,  2d,  176. 
King  George,  3d,  177. 
Knights  of  Flanders,  22.   27.  30 
Knights  of  chivalry,  153,  192. 
Knights  of  the  Garter,  164. 
Knights  of  Rhodes,  165. 
Knights  of  St.  John,  165. 
Knights  of  Malta,   165. 
Knights  Templers,  142. 
Knights  of  Errant,  186. 
Knights,  Last  of,  142. 
Knights,  Lists.  164. 
Kirtch  the  Chrimer,  203. 
Kipling,   175. 
Kirk's  Lambs,  176. 
Kidd,  Capt.,  156. 
Kromhilde,   220. 

Lambert,  canon  of  St.  Omer.  21. 

Lancelot,   L53. 

Language,   13,   182. 

Landed  gentry,  166. 

Landmarks  of  the  Bucks,  112-1  I  3 

Landmarks,  English,  156. 

Landmarks,  French  and  German.  184-185. 

Lake  of  Alebano,  202. 

Lake  Champlain,   116. 

Latium,  201. 

Latimus,  199,  201. 

Latins,  207. 

Latin  league,  2nd. 

Latin  empire,  24. 

Latin  kingdom,  24,  25. 

Latin,  language,  138,  206. 

Latin  and  Greek,  amalgamation.   L39. 

Lavinium  founded,  199,  208. 

Lavina,  dau.  of  King  Latimus,   199.  201. 

Leaven,  146. 

Louvain,  146. 

L'Ecluse,   144. 

Legendary  history,  202,  219. 

Legendary  Eng.  settlement,  219. 

Legends,  91,  153. 

Legends  of  antiquity.  197,  201. 

Legends   of  French,   192. 

Ledas,  the  Swan,  216. 

Libraries  of  Alexandria,  189. 

Libraries   of   Rome   and   France,   189,    203, 

210. 
Libraries  of  universal  knowledge,   19::. 
Liderick  le  Buc,  15,  21,  140. 
Liderick  le  Buc,  manor  and  village,  28. 
Liderick   le  Buc,  descendants,  22. 
Liege,  148. 

Lille  or  Lisle,  28,  141.  is:;.  198. 
Limburg,  220,  chronicle,  146. 
Linconshire,  170,  171. 
Lineages,  220. 
Line  of  descent,  53,  152. 
Literary  and  historic  notes,  8. 
Literature  of  the  ages,  211-213. 
Literature  of  the  Bible.  211,  212. 
Literature  of  England,  211. 
Literature  of  Italy  and  France,  21::. 

243 


Livy,  Roman  Historian,  210. 

Livy  in  literature,  210. 

Livingston  Manor,   185. 

London,  161. 

Longfellow.  Poet  Laureate,  150,  178.  213. 

Lord  Pinlay,  32. 

Lord  Clifford.  36. 

Lord  Cornwallis,  177. 

Lorraine,  183,  185. 

Lorraine,  Boc  and  Manor,   184. 

Lorraine,  in  history  of  Buck,  185. 

Loch  {Catherine,  154. 

Lorna  Doone,  173. 

Lou  vain,  146. 

Lowell,  James  R.,  213. 

Lucius  Scipio,  203. 

Lusignon,  148. 

Luxemburg,    146. 

Lvdia,  203. 

Lysmacius,  191. 

Lydian  kings.  191,  199. 

Lydgate,  John,  213. 

Madiaeval  legend,  182. 

Madiaeval  architecture,  154. 

Manor  baronial   house.  172. 

Marcus  Brutus  and  Gaius  Cassius,  202. 

Marathon,  201. 

Margrave  of  Flanders,  183. 

Margaret,  dau.  of  Gocilenusle  Buc.  mar- 
riage, 32. 

Margaret,  dau.  of  Michael  Good,  marriage, 
169. 

Margaret,   157. 

Mary  Queen  of  Scotts,  111. 

Matilda,  dau.  of  Baldwin  5th.  marriage, 
30. 

Matilda,  dau.  of  Henry  1st,  marriage,  30. 

Matilda's  and  Stephen's  Reign,  155. 

Maine  Bucks,  42,  90,  91,  92. 

Maine  branch,  90. 

Maine,  in  colony  and  state,  91. 

Mallory,  Sir  Thos.,  151. 

Manners  and  customs,  16,  29,  196. 

Manuscripts.  19,  158,  198. 

Manufactories,   146,   147. 

Manufactories,  English  woolen,  146-149. 

Marriages  and  relationship,  40. 

Marriages,  a  double  wedding,  68. 

Maryland  Bucks,  41. 

Mass.  Bucks,  42,  125. 

Massacres,  43,  89,  121. 

Mead  and  Buck,  53. 

Medieval   architecture,   154. 

Medieval  renaissance,  144. 

Medieval  romances,  160. 

Memorials.    19,    180. 

Mendips,  161. 

Menelaus.    16,    139.    194.   216,   217. 

Message  to  the  Senate,  198. 

Merchant,  royal  wool,  147. 

Micah  Clarke,  175. 

Migrations,  1S2. 

Mid  Lothian,  176. 


Middle  Ages,  21,  29.  144,  165. 

Middle  Ages,  beginnings,   208,   222. 

Middletons,  162. 

Milesian  settlements,  203,   219. 

Milesian  story,   219. 

Minos,  Ruler  of  Crete,  197. 

Milthiades,   victory,   201. 

Macdonas,  victory.  63,  74.  76. 

Milford,  Ct.,  settlement.  38. 

Milton,  212. 

Molossia.  218. 

Monarchy,  West  Frankish.  183. 

Monument.  142,  190. 

Moore.Gen'l    Benj.,    63. 

Moore,  Henry.  D.  D.,  4. 

Mottoes,  14,  164. 

Morea.   204. 

Mortara,  Edgar,  175. 

Mortality,  226. 

Mordred.  Sir,  153. 

Monasteries.  155,  157. 

Mons.  146. 

Monks  of  history,  34. 

Monks,  Benedectine,  order  of,  35,  157. 

Monasteries,   suppression,   31,   35,   158. 

Mostyn   Hall,  219. 

Motive  and  method  of  design.  8,  226. 

Monmouth,  Duchess  of,  177. 

Monmouth,  Duke  of,  execution,  176. 

Montgomery,  General.  73. 

Montgomery,   Expedition.    73. 

Montjoy,  Grace.   160. 

Mother  Country,  175. 

Mother  of  Kingdoms,  141. 

Mount  Vernon,   110. 

Mt.  Ida  of  Homer,  190,  198,  201. 

Musaeus,  197. 

Music  and  masters,  223. 

Mysean  settlement.  140. 

Mycenae,  192,  194,  201,  213. 

Mycenian  age,  194. 

Mycenian  colonies,  194. 

Mysia,  Kingdom  of  Troas,  198. 

Names,  family,  12. 

Napoleon  Bonaparte,  178-181. 

Narrations  of  the  past.  190. 

Narrators.  190. 

Xausica,  196. 

Neoptolemus  or  Pyrrhus,  2In. 

Netherlands.  228. 

Netherlands.  New,  186. 

Newbury,  147. 

New  world,  212. 

Neuremberg,  old,  183. 

Neuremberg  chronicle,  19.  146,  183. 

New  Buckow,  213. 

New  England.  38,   17.",. 

New  England  Bucks,  42. 

New  England  colonies.  43. 

New  Haven,  Ct„  43. 

New  London,  Ct..  67. 

New  Milford,  Bucks.  85,  86. 

New  Milford,  town,  51. 


244 


New  Milford,  village,   51. 

New  Milford,  families  of  Bucks,  51,  86. 

New  Milford,  genealogies,  85. 

Nibelungen  Lied,  220. 

Nibelungen  hoard,  220. 

Nicholas  Buck,  90. 

Numitor  of  the  Sylvan  Kings,  200. 

Noted  cities,  201,  214. 

Nottingham  and  Castle,  162. 

Northups,  67. 

Northups  and   Bucks,   53. 

Normans,  23,  220. 

Norman  French,  138. 

Norman    Bucks,    29. 

Norman  Keep,  156. 

Nobility,  219. 

Nye,  Marshall,  178-180. 

Napoleon  the  Great,  178-180. 

Napoleon,  victories  achieved.   178. 

Napoleon,  era  of,  180. 

Napoleon,  defeat,  148,  179. 

Napoleon,  overthrow,  179-180. 

New  York  Bucks.  93,  127-128. 

New  York  City,  John  and  Richard  P.,  9:',. 

New  York  soldiers,  121-122. 

Noblemen.   English.   219. 

Noblemen,   Irish,   219. 

Norfolk,  147. 

Occupation,  196. 

Octavia,   210. 

Our  English  forebears,  40. 

Our  forefathers,  54,  75. 

Odyssey,   195,  210. 

Orders  established,   29,   35,   157,   164,   165. 

Orders,   dissolution,    165. 

Origin  of  the  name,  11. 

Origin  of  the  Bucks,  29. 

Oeone,  216. 

Orestes,  194,  218. 

Original  Knights  lists,  36,  164. 

Original   shipping  lists  of   Bucks   to  Am., 

40. 
Oral  Tradition,  43. 
Orlando,  148. 
Old  Buckingham,  34,  157. 
Old  Nuremberg,  183. 
Old  house  and  elm  tree,  50. 
Old  house,  50,  52,  67. 
Olympian  games,  201. 
Oppression,  38,  175. 
Operas,  223. 
Otter  Creek,  57,  115. 
Ottoman  Empire,  188 
Ottoman  Rule,  188,  190. 
Odicacer,  209. 
Ostend,  144. 
Oracles,  201. 
Oriental  slave  mart,  1S8. 
Oldenburg,  29. 
Owen  Glendower,  155. 
Ozerlords,  156. 

Pagent,  116,  180,  202. 


Paine,  genealogy,  39. 

Paine.  Stephen,  39. 

Paine,  Thos..  39. 

Paine,  Robert  Treat,  39. 

Paine,  Major  Brinton,  39. 

Paine,  Col.  Oliver  H.,  son  of  lion.   Henry 

B.,  39. 
Paine,    George    C,    son    of    Clark,    son    of 

Brinton,   121. 
Paine,  Hon.  Henry   B.,  39. 
Paris,  son  of  Priam,  16,  215,  218. 
Paris,  the  gay  voung  prince,  193. 
Paris,  death,  216. 
Panel  pictures,  154. 
Parr  Family,   31. 
Parthenon,  264. 
Passage  of  the  Alps,  181. 
Patricia,  200. 
Patrician  families,  189. 
Patroclus,  friend  of  Achilles,  217. 
Peerage  book,  219. 
Pedigrees  and  lineages,  57,  219. 
Padua,  143.  209. 
Paduka,  139. 
Pergamum,   19S. 
Pergamus,  191,  203.  218. 
Pembroke  Castle,  31,  154. 
Pembroke,   146. 
Penn.  Bucks.  42,  4."..  89,   L85. 
Penelope,  195,  196. 
Peru  and  Plattsburg,  75. 
Pericles  and  Periander,  206. 
Persecutions  of  the  Puritans,  38,  175. 
Puritans,  38.  175. 
Picts  and  Scots,  113. 
Pilgrims,   landing,   164. 
Polyxena,  16,  218,  219. 
Porta  Nigra,  183. 
Portia,  wife  of  Brutus,  218. 
Pope,  212. 

Peter  the  Hermit,  24. 
Pompeii  destruction,  211. 
Pontos,  203. 
Poitiers,  148. 
Port  Jackson,  75. 

Post  villages  in  Eng.  of  Bucks,  160. 
Postoffices  in  Am.  of  Bucks,  94. 
Postscript,    226. 
Powys  Castle,  30,  154. 
Power  of  beauty,   217. 
Pocohontas,  11.8,  164. 
Pocohontas,  marriage,  118. 
Pocohontas,  descendants,  119 
Poems,  early  of  Greek,  195. 
Powhatan,   119. 
Preface,  5. 

Priam,    ruler   of   Troy,    10,    217. 
Priam's    ancestors,    200. 
Priam,  King  of  Phrygia,  194. 
Priam,  last  ruler  of  Troy,  191.  197. 
Priam's  treasures,  192. 
Prince  of  the  blood,  176. 
Printing  press,  158. 
Prussians,  178,  180. 

245 


Pharnasia,   204. 
Pharamond,  140. 
Philoctetes  settlement.  203. 
Phoenecians,  205,  219. 
Philip  of  Macedon,  1S7. 
Pilgrim  fathers.   137. 
Plantagenets.  14:;. 
Plantations,   40. 
Plain   of   Troy,    189-192. 
Plattsburg  history,  64. 
Plattsburg  Bucks.  76,  83. 
Plymouth,  Old,  1G3. 
Piatt,  Zeph,  63. 
Puritans,   175. 
Putnam,  Maj.  Israel,  117. 
Pliny.  214. 
Pithagorus,  206. 

Quaker  settlements,  75.  76,  77,  82. 

Queen  Catherine  Parr,  31. 

Queen  Elizabeth,  163. 

Queen  Guinevere,  152. 

Queen  Matilda,  30. 

Queen  Elenor  of  France  and  England.  3 

Queen  of  the  Sea,  187. 

Queens  and  Princes.  197. 

Quebec.   5.   73.   74.   122.   113. 

Quest  of  the  Toilers,  223. 

Races  of  civilization,  143. 

Ralph,  son  of  Walter,  marriage,  32. 

Ralph,   son  of  Walter,  descendants,  32. 

Rape  of  Sabine   women.   202. 

Raymond,  Count,  24. 

Raymond,   Castle,    26. 

Relics  of  Troy.   191.   202. 

Religion,  32,  196,  205. 

Retrospect.  225. 

Return  of  chiefs  and  princes,  192,   194. 

Regulus,  captive,   181. 

Regulus,  death.  181. 

Reflections,  174,  180.  226. 

References,   10,   156. 

Review  of  hist.,  7.: 

Reformation,   32,   188. 

Removals,  203. 

Reminiscences,  57.  76. 

Renaissance,    165. 

Recessional,  175. 

Researches,  213. 

Records,  22. 

Runnel,  James,  189. 

Revenna,   209. 

Revolution  Am.,  205. 

Revolutionary  soldiers,  5,  87,  88,  120. 

Republic,  114. 

Romulus.  199.  2'Mi,  l'02. 

Romulus,  tomb  of.  202. 

Remus,    199,    202. 

Rhodes,  165. 

Rhodes,  Colossus  of,  165. 

Richard,  Coer  de  Lion,  165,  225. 

Rome,   foundation,   202,  210. 


Rome,  kings,  202. 

Rome,  greatness,  206,  20S. 

Rome,  supremacy,   202. 

Rome,  seat  of  power,  206. 

Rome,  queen  of  the  world,  206. 

Rome,  downfall,  208. 

Romaic  language,  205. 

Roman  investments,  208. 

Roman  people,  19S,  209. 

Roman  Gaul,   197. 

Roman  influence,  190,  207 

Roman   magnates,   202. 

Roman  empire.  200,  210,  221. 

Roman  emperors,  202. 

Roman,  western  empire,  208. 

Roman  ruins.  202. 

Roman  wars,  181. 

Roman   Hellenic  world,  197.  214. 

Robert.   Duke  of  Normandy,  26. 

Robert,  Wm.  Fitz,  26. 

Robert  of  Gloucester,  151. 

Robert,  the  Fresian,  141,  228. 

Robin  Hood,  157. 

Roll  call.  121.  122. 

Roll,  long  roll,  121-122. 

Roll,  last  roll  call,  122. 

Royalty,  155. 

Royal  marriages,  141. 

Royal  tombs,  153,  194,  209.  213. 

Royal  wool  merchant,   147. 

Rogers,  Maj.  Robert.  117. 

Round  Table,  152. 

Romance.  73.   173.  225. 

Romantic  drama,   197. 

Rochdale,  147. 

Rolfe,  John,  lis,  i  19. 

Rothchilds,  148. 

Roland,  lis. 

Roumania,  186. 

Rosengarten,  221. 

Rowena,   159. 

Rubens.    223. 

Ruins.  120. 

Rudolphus  le  Buc,   3,1 .   3,2. 

Rudolphus   domains,  33. 

Rudiger  and  Roderick,  221. 

Rural  England,  150.  161,   173. 

Rnnnvmede,  31. 

Ruthen,  155. 

Rye  House  Plot,  176. 

Rye  Church  and  Town,  155. 

Ryssel,  28. 

Sabines,  202,  207. 
Sabine  wars,  210. 
Saladin,  142. 
Salic  Franks,  221. 
Salic  laws.   221. 
Sappho.  194. 

Saxons,  23,  151,  182.  220. 
Saxon  women,  35. 
Saxon  chronicle,  151,  159 
Sutton,    Mass..    99. 
Schools,  158. 


246 


Scotland,    111-113,   219. 

Scots  and  Picts,  113. 

Scott  and  Morton  Family,  177. 

Scottish  Emigration.  112,  113. 

Sehliemann's,  excavations,  19,  192,  194,  213. 

Schliemann's  researches,  195,  213. 

Schliemann's  works,  213,  214. 

Schliemann's  house.  214. 

Schliemann's  family,  213,  214. 

Seats  of  the  Bucks,  35. 

Seats  of  Government,  177. 

Secretaries  of  Charlemagne,   141,  221. 

Sestos,   203. 

Sermon,  first  in  America,  118. 

Servants  and  Toilers,  213. 

Seven  wise  men  of  the  world,  206. 

Sherman,  Roger,  80,  97. 

Shrewsbury,   Mass.,   99. 

Sherwood  forest,  157. 

Ship.  Increase,  40. 

Ship  Money,  38. 

Settlements   in   America.   40,   1G4. 

Settlements  on  Conn.  River,  44. 

Settlements   at   New   Milford,   51. 

Settlements  of  Bush,  100,  101. 

Settlements  in  Scot,  at  Buekhaven,  112. 

Settlements,  Trojan.  19.  203. 

Settlements  in  Eng.,  156. 

Settlements,   Greek,   203. 

Shakespeare,  212. 

Shipping  lists.  40. 

Siege  of  Troy,   194,  195. 

Siege   of   Troy,   similar   siege   and   events, 

192. 
Siege  of  Constantinople,  24,  18S. 
Siegfried,  Prince  of  the  Netherlands,   220. 
Siegfried,  Saga,  220,  221. 
Siegfried.  Count,  222. 
Sir  Christopher  Wren,  155. 
Sir  Walter  Raleigh,  164. 
Sicily,  Greek  settlement,  203. 
Sicumbria,   221. 

Sinope,  Greek  set  in  the  Crimea,  203. 
Sluys,  198. 
Snowdon.  155. 
Soldiers  N.  Y.,  121. 
Soldiers  Vt.  122. 
Society  of  Friends  at  Union,  76. 
Soliman,    165,    219. 
Solon,  206. 

Sophocles,   tragic   Thebian    poet.    197. 
Spain,  142. 

Spanish  Armada,  163. 
Sparta,  193,  204,  206,  216. 
Specter  of  the  Brocken,  182. 
Springfield,  Mass.,  44. 
Standard  bearers,  27,  79. 
Stamboul,    188. 
Statue  of  Napoleon,  180. 
Stephen's  Reign,   155. 
Stephen,   Abel.   55. 
Stoddard   ancestry.   79,   80,   134. 
Stoddard,  John   F..   80. 
Stoddard  and  Buck,  marriages,  79,  80. 


Stoke  Survey,   L61. 

Stoke  Poges,  L61. 

Stoke  Domains,  161. 

Stoke-on-Trent.    161. 

Stonehenge,  154. 

Strasburg  Cathedral,  184. 

Stuekley  and   Buck,   162,   166. 

St.  Adelaide,  141. 

St.  Anne,  23,  156. 

St.  Albans,   Vt..  MS,  09,  70.  71. 

St.  Albans  Abbey,  155. 

St.   Augustine.    27,    157. 

St.  Dunston,  35. 

St.  Marys,  31,  37,   155. 

St.   Helena.   27,    L80,   183. 

St.  Onier.  23. 

St.  Ruth  priory,  113. 

St.   lluva.  159. 

Sudbury.  147. 

Sudley  Castle,  31. 

Surnames,  156. 

Swarzburg,  221. 

Synopsis,  220,   225. 

Sylvia,   200. 

Sylvius,  of  the  Alban  Kings,  200. 

Stark,  Genl.  John,  68. 

Southern    Ducks.    121,    185. 

Sommer  or  Summer  Isles  (Bermudas),  164. 

Sufferings  of  the  colonies,  39. 
Summary,  226. 
Sutton,  Mass.,   Bucks.   99 
Symbols,   15. 

Taunton,  177. 

Tantagel   in   Wales,   160. 

Telegonius,  sun  of  I'lysses,  209. 

Telegonius,  founder  of  Tusculum.  209. 

Tennvson,  Poet  Laureate  of  Eng.,  154,  212, 

216. 
Temple  of  Athene.   189. 
Teutons,  181-182. 
Teutonic   laws.    221. 
Thackeray,  the  novelist.  212. 
Theseus,  ruler  of  Athens,    197 
Thessaly,  204. 
Thrace,  17. 
Theodorie.  209,   221. 
Theodoric  Tomb,  209, 
Theodosia  or  Callipolis,  203. 
The  Toilers.  213. 
Ticonderoga,  capture,  73. 
Ticonderoga,  Fort,  115. 
Ticonderoga,  occupants,    11.". 
Tiryns,  ancient   city.  204,  213. 
Title  3.     The  birth  of  a  Nation,  114. 
Titus   Livius.   200. 

Tombs.  22,  30,   119.   IT,::.   154,   1st,   194.  209. 
Tongres,  146. 
Traditions,   183. 

Traditions.  Welsh  and   Irish.  159,   160. 
Tragedy  and  Comedy,  212. 
Tragic    Poets.    197. 
Treves,   is::. 
Treaty  of  Paris,   177. 


247 


Treves  Codex  Aurens  and  Holy  Coat,  1S3. 

Tristian  and  Yesault  or  Isolde,  160. 

Trojan  War,  16,  139,  189,  193,  196,  217. 

Trojan  survivors,   20. 

Trojan  captives,  IS. 

Trojan  dispersion,  20. 

Trojan  settlements,  139. 

Trojan  arms  and  altars.  191,  202. 

Trojan  chieftains  and  heroes,  18,  178,  190, 

191. 
Trojan  cause  and  effect,  200,  215. 
Trojan  descent,  197. 
Truceless  war,  181. 
True  Cross,  27,  183. 
Troy  or  Troja,  189. 
Troy,  situation  of.  189,  213. 
Troy,  plain  of,   189,  190.  192. 
Troy  prestige,  189,  191. 
Troy,  destruction,  189. 
Troy  or  Ilium,  195. 
Troy.  Fall  of.   195.  216. 
Troy    of    Old,     IS.    139. 
Troy   of   Old,    Situation.    195. 
Troy  and   its  remains,   213. 
Troy  beneath  Hissarlik,  214. 
Turkish   Rulers,   188. 
Turkish  Dominion,  188. 
Tourani,   221. 
Tullus  Hostilius,  200,  203. 
Tarquinius  Superbus,  202. 
Types  of  Manhood,  204. 
Tusculum  now  Prascati.  209. 
Twin  Rivers,  163. 

Ulysses,  the  crafty  Greek,  18,  193,  195.  209, 

217. 
Ulysses,  handicraft,   193,   196. 
Unitarian   Jacobites,  112. 
United  Colonies,  91,  110,  114,  177. 
United  States  of  America,  109,  177. 
Union.  Society  of  Friends,  76. 
Universities,    223. 
Uprising  of  the  Greeks,  16. 
Urban,  24. 

Weathersfield  Bucks.  43,  50. 

Marriage  Records,  47. 

Descendants,  47. 

Old  Elm  Tree,  50. 

Soldiers,  123,  124. 

College  Graduates.  1-1. 

Boston  Relief,  123. 
Western  Bucks,  77,  90. 
Western  Empire,  208. 

Downfall,  208. 
Whittaker,  Rev.  Alexander.  39,   119. 
Whittier,  John  G.,  212. 
Windsor,   43. 

Castle,  36. 
Winchcomb,  John,  147. 
Wiltshire,  161. 
Wrightman,   Richard,   21:'.. 


William,  Prince  of  Orange.  146.  148. 

The  Conqueror,  30. 

The  Conqueror,  marriage,  30,  143. 

The  Conqueror,  Family,  30. 

The  Conqueror,   Burial,   30. 

De  Percy.  30. 

De  Ypres,   144. 

De  Peverel,   162. 
Worcestershire  and  Cambridgeshire,   169. 
Woburn,  Mass..  49,  99. 
William  Buck  and  son,  Roger,  40,  49. 

Descendants.  4!). 

Family.  49. 
William  of  Malmsbury,  157. 
William  de  Ypres,  155. 
Wooden  Horse.   17,  193. 
Woolen  Manufacturer,  147. 
World's  Fairs,  59. 
Works  of  Art,  144. 
Women  for  the  Colonists,  118. 
Wolsey,  Cardinal,  35. 
Worms.  221. 
Wrath  of  Achilles,  217. 
Wren,  Sir  Christopher,  155. 
Writers  of  Ancient  History,  201. 
Woodstock,  New,  36. 

Xenophon,   206. 
Xerxes.  190. 

Ypres,  143,  145. 

Yeovel,  32. 

Yesault   and   Tristian    Romance,   160. 

York  Cathedral,  37. 

York  and  Yorkshire  Bucks,  32,  167. 

Zama,   181. 

Vale  of  Exeter,  157,  163. 

of  Worcester,  37,  161. 

of  Gloucester,  161. 
Valincennes,  148. 
Valley  of  the  Shenandoah,  41. 
Valley  of  Lake  Champlain,  56. 
Valley  of  the  Severn,  161. 
Van  Dyck,  222. 
Vergennes,  Vt,  115. 
Vermont  Soldiers,  122. 
Vernon,  Hon.  James,  marries  a  Buck,  110. 
Vernon,  Mount,  110. 
Vernon,  Sir  George  and  Dorothy,  111. 
Venus  and  Apollo,  196. 
Viall  Family,  60,  135. 
Viall   Genealogy,    64,    65. 
Viall  Ancestry,  62. 
Viall  History,  62,  63. 
Virginia  Bucks,  41.  164. 

and   Plantations,  40,   119.   120. 
Virginia  Expansion,  164. 

and  Settlements.  41. 
Vienna,  140. 
Villages,  28,  184,  221. 


248 


Vivian,  153.  War.   Civil,   70,  92. 

Vortigen,  159.  Washington,   D.  C,  59. 

Virgil,  200.  Washington,  Ancestry,   L09. 

Virgil's   Aeneid.    199.  Genl.,  109,  177. 

Voyages,  199,  200.  Marriage,  109,  110. 

Life.  110,  177. 

Wordsworth,  212.  Treaty  of  Paris,  1,7. 

Waldeck,  Martin,  1S2.  Waters  Family,  52.  133,  158. 

Walters  of  Eng..  33.  Watford  Bucks,  167. 

Walter  le  Buck,  31,  32,  155,  157,  160.  Waterloo  Battlefield,  179. 

Descendants,  33.  Watling  Street  and  Fosse  Way,   161, 

of  Exeter,  33.  Webster,  Daniel,  4,  211. 

Walter  vs.  Butler,  110.  Wedding,  First  in  America,  IIS. 

Walter  or  Wace,  151.  Wellington,  the  Iron  Duke,  178-180. 

War  of  1S12-14,  57,  115.  Welsh  Tradition,  160,  219. 

War  of  Revolution.  122,  123.                                Wild  Animals,  43. 


249 


ERRATA    IX    BODY   OF   BOOK. 

Page     15     Pdel'histoire  should  be  Pere  de  l'histoire  de  France.     24th  line  from   bottom 
of  Book. 
(June)  should  be  (Juno).     20th  line  from  bottom, 
Briam  should  be  Priam.     Beginning  of  26th   Hue  from  bottom. 
Trerest  should  be  Therese.     End  of  7th  line  from  top. 
Briam  should  be  Priam.     Beginning  of  12th  line  from  top. 
Harvey  should  not  be  connected  with  Dagi  berl  on  nexl  line.     End  of  L5th  line 

from  bottom. 
Antisch  should  be  Antioch.     Middle  of  L9th  line  fr<  m  bottom. 
their  law  should  he  there  law  and  industry,  &c.     .Middle  i  I   page 
9th    and    10th   lines   from   top   all    wrong.     xhtml/I    be:    Buck.    David    (sun    of 

Emanuel,  bn.  Apl.  3,  1667),  nul.  Elizabeth  Hurlbert,  Jan.  14,  1690 
(See  page  280)  should  be  (see  over  for  will).  3rd  line  from  bottom. 
After  John   X.   Ryley  should  be  L.   S.  instead   of   Lo.     End   of   5th   line   from 

bottom. 
diabled  should  be  disabled.     Middle  20th  line  from  bottom. 
bride  of  love  should  be  bride  of  lore.     End  of  12th  line  in   verse. 
carrying  should  be  earring.     Middle  of  sheet. 
Leroy  should  be  Aaron  Buck.     12th  line  from  top. 

For  family  see  top  of  page  10S  instead  of  107.     End  of  11th  line  from  top 
and  an  allegory  instead  of  for.     25th  line  from  top. 
Peletiah  and  Hannah  Hills  md.  Xov.  9,  17.".."..      loth  line  from  top. 
came  over  instead  of  same  over.     21st   Hue   from    bottom, 
should  be  was  at  Easton  in  1790.     25th  line  from  bottom, 
should  be  Lectur  M.,  son  of  Isaac  D.,  instead  of  dau.     17th  line  from  bi  tto  n 
should  be   (see  pages  85  and  46).     In  3rd  line  from  top. 
should  read:   in  3d  year  of  child's  age.     8th  line  from  bottom, 
should  be  Gloucester  and  Providence,  R.  I.     Middle  of  page, 
should  be  (see  page  58).     8th  and  9th  lines  from  tcp. 
the  15th  line  from  bottom  should  read:  Dau.  Esther  Angeline  bn.  Apl.  18.  19  13, 

( the  of  omitted), 
the  24th  line  from  top  should  read:     Benjamin  Warner,  bn.  1757.  died  1846. 
bottom  line  should  be  North  Reading,  instead  of  Ridding. 

over  top  body  of  page  should  be  inserted:    (continued  from  page  75);   and  in 
middle    space:     (continued    from    page    97.)    and    just    below    middle    (see 
page  95  should  be  96). 
Page  111      in   10th  line  from  bottom   Mrs.   Wolmot  should   be   Mrs.    YVilmot.      (My   great 

grandfather's  family  on  mother's  side). 
Page  112     8th  line  from  bottom  should  be:  "English  Lollard  and  follower  of  Wickliffe. 
Page  120     3rd  line  .lames  Cittie,  Pa.,  should  be  Va. :  and   in   middle  of   page  should   be 
Ira  Hazard  of  Nelson,  Madison   Co.   (not  Nelson  of  .Madison   Co.)    and   in 
8th  line  from  top  it  should  be  on  an  island. 
Page  139     7th  line  from  bottom  should  be  Ascanius  not  Assurius,  and   in   6th   line  from 
bottom  should   be:   and   thus  were  the  Trojan  and   Latin   power  united. 
15th  line  from  top:   ancestral  love  should  be  ancestral  lore. 
18th  line  from  bottom  should  be  smouldering  instead  of  mouldering. 
middle  page  (see  appendix)   should  be  (see  bottom  page  220  i. 
17th  line  from  bottom  should  be  as  well  (in  middle  of  line). 
should  be  John  Murray,  Publisher,  London,  1911.     11th  line  from   top 
15th  line  from  bottom  left  out  should  be: and  Sir  .John  Buckland  was  a  censor 

of  the  London  press  in  the  late  war. 
should  be  Great  Burnham  instead  of  Br  eat  near  top.    End  of  8th  line, 
(see  also  pages  166  and  167)   should  be  (see  also  pages  150  and   186).     .Middle 

of  page. 
7th  line  from  bottom  protrate  should  be  prostrate. 
1st  and  2nd  lines  from  bottom   Heading:    History   of  County   of   Hertford   &c. 

should  have  been  top  of  page  on  opposite  side. 
Deipholus  should  be  Deiphobus  in  verse  23  lines  up  from  bottom  page. 
Abydus  should  be  Abydos.     Middle  of  page. 

gobbling  geese  should  be  gabbling  geese  in  the  Goose  Girl.     .Middle  of  the  page 
B.  C.  1485  should  be  first  ship  to  Greece  instead   of  France.     21st   line   from 
bottom. 


Page 

1G 

Page 

16 

Page 

is 

1  age 

IS 

Page 

21 

I'age 

24 

Page 

35 

Page 

47 

Page 

47 

Page 

48 

Page 

55 

Page 

56 

Page 

58 

I'age 

67 

Page 

75 

Page 

7.". 

I'a     e 

79 

Page 

79 

Page 

80 

I'agi 

83 

Page 

84 

Page 

86 

Page 

88 

Page 

98 

Page 

98 

Page 

IIS 

Page 

105 

Page 

108 

Page 

144 

I'age 

146 

['age 

148 

I'age 

152 

Page 

156 

Page 

160 

Page 

161 

Page 

164 

Page 

165 

Page 

166 

Page 

193 

Page 

197 

Page 

228 

Page 

230 

IN    HEADINGS. 

Forays  a  Mass  of  Ruins.     After  Forays  should  be  a  period. 

After  The  Last  Roll  Call  should  also  be  a  period. 

should  be  Piers  or  John  De  Grailly  (not  of). 

St.  Tya  should  lie  St.  Hya. 

The  Missey  should  be  The  Mersey. 

Cyelic  should  be  Cyclic. 

or  the  Franks  should  be  of  the  Franks. 

Genovra  should  be  Genovera. 

IN   INDEX. 

Expedition.  Agamemnous — last  should  be  Agamemnons. 
Franklin  power  established — first  should  be  Frankish. 
Greys,  James — first  should  be  Grey. 
Idomesseus  should  be  Idomeneus. 
Ozerlords  should  be  Overlords. 


JAN  1  1  1930